Kindly assist me with the past questions: ayodelebukunmi1@gmail.com

Aldebaran:


Shame on Nigeria...

Largest Importer of what is abundant in your country

Nigeria... We hail thee

Ibkiscool@gmail.com

Trunaijian:
This is saddening. Just when the thousands of jobs were about to be created this happens.

Conspiracy? We cant rule it out.

Carelessness of our quarantine agencies?
Maybe

Saboteurs? We cant rule it out either

Agriculture can be our mainstay in Nigeria. It is possible. Moth or not, we will continue to strive until we get there.

More observations and control methods from another crop protection and env biologist....Awosika
Oluwabamise on FB

Looking at the biology of the pest, especially
the number of days the egg stays before it’s
hatched into larvae. The egg stays for 7 days
and an average of 260 eggs are laid by a female Leaf miner. 73% of the eggs are laid on leaves, 21% on veins & stems, 5% on sepals and only 1% on fruit (which is the economic part of the Tomato plant). If the eggs are to be targeted, the control measures are mostly directed to
the vegetative parts of the plant because they housed 94% of the eggs. The larva has 4 instars and they mine on the mesophyll of the leaf. The control measure should be applied before the instar stage at which they are most deleterious. But as for me, biologically, since we know that Tuta absoluta is a multivoltine insect pest, the control measure should be directed mostly to the female adult that lays those eggs as well as those eggs they laid. Probably, the males could be trapped and sterilized (i.e. make them sterile) so as to prevent them from mating with the females.
But how many males can we collect? The
method to use in combatting this baleful pest is the subject of concern because several methods has been used and has been proved to be unavailing especially, when it comes to their resistance to chemicals (agro-chemicals).
Their resistance to chemicals is as a result of
their ability to secrete an enzyme in their
system which can break down the chemicals
and thereby reduce their potency. Trying to
increase the application of these chemicals had proved to be abortive as a result of this
enzyme which secretion has been discovered to have been regulated by a special gene in their genome. Therefore, increase in application of chemical will trigger the increase in the degradable enzyme in their system making them to be resistant. Also, the usage of pheromones only has been proved to have a
little success in the control of the pest. Moving back to the biological control method, some natural enemies of the leaf miner such Bacillus thuringiensis and two species from genus Trichogramma (T. achaeae and T. urquijoi) has been proved to be effective but the major issue here is that, most of the experiment on these natural enemies were carried out in the
green houses, where they can be eliminated
after performing their duties. My concern is
that, what if these natural enemies are
potential pest when used in open field?
Therefore, the basis for effective and
sustainable management of Tuta absoluta is the integration of cultural, behavioral, biological and chemical control. The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) in 2014 gave 18 steps of integrated pest management process of controlling T. absoluta. This is done to demote if not eliminate the resistance of the pest to chemicals and also to increase the
effectiveness of the use of pheromones and
other control measures. So also, Resistance
management has been developed, which
centered on integration of as many pest
management tools as possible, use of
insecticides only when needed based on
established threshold and rotation of effective insecticide with different Mode of Action (MoA). The use of insecticide with different mode of action is to avoid treating consecutive generation of the target pest with insecticides in the same MoA group, by using a scheme of “MoA treatment windows” which is a period of 30 consecutive days, based on the minimum duration of a single generation of Tuta absoluta. According to the Journal of Biology,
Agriculture and Health care which explain the paper published from the department of plant science, college of Agriculture and
Environmental science, Adigrat University in
Ethiopia, which mention different chemical and biological control measures which have proved to be effective in the control of T. absoluta (a.k.a. Tomato Ebola in Nigeria), also provide a clue on which chemicals and natural enemies to be included in the IPM method described by IRAC. Therefore, if a research has been carried out in a country like Ethiopia, then Nigerian scientists should be on their toes as to what they can do to reduce if possibly eradicate the threat of this pest. Now, let’s look at the
government angle. If I could remember, I was privilege to be at the Nigerian Agricultural Quarantine Service (NAQS) at Moor plantation in Ibadan in the year 2013. We were told by one of their staff that the problem we have especially when it comes to the introduction and invasion of foreign pest and diseases on our crops in Nigeria is that the quarantine services (especially Agricultural quarantine) has been manacled by the lack or insufficient finance from the Government and also by restriction they face from our custom services which has taken the total control of how goods
(including Agricultural products and materials) come into the country and how they go out. According to the research sponsored by the Virginia Tech, USAID and IPM collaborative Research in predicting the spread of Tuta absoluta in west and central Africa. They clearly stated and show how the pest got into Africa countries including Nigeria. The pest came to Nigeria from Niger Republic probably from Niamey. Establishing effective international
quarantine regulations around our borders
which will be one of the proper measures in
preventing any foreign pest and diseases. Also,establishing national quarantine regulation could be an effective means of curbing this pest and other diseases from spreading among the states. Conclusively, we cannot keep relying on international bodies all the time to provide solutions to our problems. We have to sit down, think and look for proper ways of solving our own problems. Countries like China and North Korea are now working tirelessly to do things their own way. We have to wake up from
our sleep.

Niyeal:
cypermetrin is an ideal organic to control it

Observation and control approach from a crop protection and environmental biologist ... Azeez Toheeb on FB.

Looking at the biology of the organism,
favourable conditions for its growth and
reproduction, parts of crop damaged and the damaging stage, and environmental safety; an integrated pest management system should be considered with support from government,
research bodies and extension. Using biological control agent against the pest as it would make sense to eradicate the adult that produces so many eggs that develop into larva (the
damaging stage). This method has been used in regions with the high occurrence. Utilization of sex pheromones and UV light to attract their males, killing them and stopping them from mating with the females to produce more eggs.
Potent chemicals with less adverse effect on
the environment could be used too. This may make the pest build resistance overtime.
Cultivating resistant varieties is also another
good option. Eradication of alternate hosts that carry /sustain the pest till the next season should be ensured, since the pest also attacks other tuber crops. Also, doing away with residues from crops that would help maintain unbroken life cycle of the pest should be done. Physical control could be tedious but it is
applicable for small farm with less infestation. Tomatoes can be grown in greenhouse. These approaches would generate meaningful results if combined together. Government should
support financially, research bodies should
continuing working on ways to eradicate the
pest with Eco-friendly methods, and extension should disseminate information to farmers timely and teach on pest management where applicable.

THE PEST BEHIND TOMATO SCARCITY

I was at the market with my sister to get some pepper for stew yesterday, but to my greatest surprise, the mallam pointed at a small tray containing 5 pee-wee sized tomatoes and said it goes for #500. I was shocked as this was strange to me cos I rarely visit the market and didn't have any idea how much tomatoes were sold for. My sister told me it had bin like that for a while now and that tomatoes are scarce. This got me thinking. What could be the cause. Could it be the hike in fuel price or is the high dollar to naira exchange rate now affecting tomato? I eventually found the answer to my question few minutes ago, when I was browsing through a topic on the front page. Tuta absoluta is actually the cause of the scarcity. As an agriculturist, I did a little research on the pest that has destroyed almost all the tomato farms in Kano, Jigawa, Plateau, Kastina... And here's what I have so far:
Tuta absoluta is a species of moth in family
Gelechiidae known by the common names
tomato leafminer and South American
tomato moth. It is well known as a serious
pest of tomato crops in Europe and South
America.

BIOLOGY
The larva feeds voraciously upon tomato
plants, producing large galleries in leaves,
burrowing in stalks, and consuming apical
buds and green and ripe fruits. It is capable
of causing a yield loss of 100%.
[1] Tomato is the main host plant, but T.
absoluta also attacks other crop plants of the
nightshade family, including potato,
eggplant, pepino and tobacco.
[2] It is known from many solanaceous weeds, including
Datura stramonium, Lycium chilense, and
Solanum nigrum.
The adult moth has a wingspan around one
centimeter. In favorable weather conditions
eight to ten generations can occur in a single
year.

GLOBAL SPREAD

This moth was first known as a tomato pest
in many South American countries. In 2006,
it was identified in Spain. The following year
it was detected in France, Italy, Greece,
Malta, Morocco, Algeria and Libya. In 2009,
Turkey In 2010. The advance of T. absoluta
continued to the east to reach Syria,
Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Iran. Further
advances southward reached Saudi Arabia,
Yemen, Oman and the rest of the Gulf
states. In Africa, T. absoluta moved from
Egypt to reach Sudan, South Sudan and
Ethiopia from the east and to reach the
Senegal from the west.
The question however is, how did they get here? Could it be negligence or the lackadaisical attitude of our Quarantine agnets in the country? Finally, how will the pest be controlled now that is has gotten to the economic threshold level.

todayboy:
We all know Buhari is trying to islamize Nigeria
The picture is only a courtesy picture that's all

Same as the one he snapped in Saudi

evy1:
Wetin him dey do with loaded pistol?

Exactly the question on my mind

ComradeTY:






UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN, IBADAN, NIGERIA
THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL


Hello,

Sale of forms for the 2016/17 Academic Session Admission Exercise shall commence on Monday, May 9th, 2016 and would last for six (6) weeks.

All interested candidates are therefore advised to apply through our admissions portal :

http://admissions.pgschool.ui.edu.ng/adm_all_main.aspx

All applicants are to apply through this admissions portal ALONE.

BEWARE of FRAUDULENT people. The Postgraduate School, University of Ibadan, has NO authorized AGENT anywhere

Kindly inform your friends, and other individuals who may be interested.


Thank you

Management
Postgraduate School, UI

.

Bin waiting for this, since I missed last years admission exercise

kkunle007:
Hello my brothers and sisters,I want to study in norway because I heard that there tuition fee is free but I want to know how life is over there for a student and I want to be doing some per-time job with the schooling, plz I need your advice

I need the same info too, really wish to hear from any one on this. All I hear this days is FREE TUITION NORWAY

kkunle007:
Hello my brothers and sisters,I want to study in norway because I heard that there tuition fee is free but I want to know how life is over there for a student and I want to be doing some per-time job with the schooling, plz I need your advice

I need the same info too, really wish to hear from any one on this. All I hear this days is FREE TUITION NORWAY

Taeewo:
marriage

Taeewo:
marriage

I fear am die

Pavarottii:
Any other candidate other than GEJ in 2019. It's another exercise in futility.

Quote me anywhere.

Wetin u dey talk wey no sweet for ur mouth

Understanding

funny but true,we shud learn from them.
Imagine,thru out the election,i didn't see any armed official.
But here,police,soldiers... will be everywhere with there guns to scare voters