We came to the fact that Benin empire was the only empire that ruled Nigeria south. On my research lately I found out that Igala first king dynasty was established by prince of Benin empire.
So do this mean Benin empire also have control to Nigeria middle bt. Can we say Benin empire stress from southern Nigeria to Nigeria middle bt.
Anyway is it fact that Oba of Benin sim was the first ata of Igala?
SirNewtonNG: You keep typing nonsense This guys was clearly igbo so what's my concern??
The Devastating Refutation:
Eyewitness testimony/writings from the late-1400s & early-1500s which references the monarch of the Ife kingdom & his suzerainty over Benin kingdom exist.
NB: Yes, there used to be a debate in academia in the 1970s/1980s (between the mainstream scholars on one hand; and one, two, or three others on another hand) over the identity of this suzerain.
This debate was particularly on the usage of the word “east” in those early writings.
In present time, however, there is no single academic historian who holds the notion that this suzerain (of the early writings) is other than the Ooni of Ife [i.e. Ọ̀ɣọ̀ni Ufẹ̀ in the Ife dialect of the Yoruba language].
The symbol ⟨ɣ⟩ being the voiced velar fricative with its consonant sound as in this audio sample.
This conclusion is reinforced by the fact that no king, throughout the Guinea Forest of West Africa matches the specific sacral details given in those early writings, except the Ooni of Ife.
In addition to this significant fact, the debate over the word “east” was subsequently quelled by the fact that from Atakpame (in present-day Togo) to the kingdom of Benin (in present-day Nigeria), from Èkó (next to the Atlantic Ocean) to Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé (not far from the Niger River) Ife is known by the interesting epithet: Ibi ojúmọ́ ti ń mọ́ wá — i.e. “the place from where the sun rises”.
For some written references to the widespread usage of this epithet (in reference to Ife) among the natives of this region of West Africa, please refer to:
(A) Rev. D. Hinderer, “Diary Impression,” June 4, 1851, Ibadan, C.M.S.
(B) R. Horton (1979), p. 85., citing B. Maupoil (1943), A. Akinjogbin (1967:41-43), R. Smith (1969:31), as well as A. Obayemi (1976:206).
This reverential (rather than literal) epithet of Ife informed the literalist Europeans’ writings whose source(s) are Benin spokespersons of their king.
Hence the appearance of the word “east” in the early European writings in reference to the kingdom of the Ọ̀ɣọ̀ni (who is transliterated in the early writings as “Hooguanee”, “Ogané”, etc.).
Side Note: Binis, till today, still sometimes refer to the Ooni as Oghene. Refer to the entry “ɔɣɛnɛ” (i.e. “ọghẹnẹ”) in Hans Melzian’s “A Concise Dictionary of the Bini Language of Southern Nigeria” where its second definition is given as: “Bini name for the ↄni at Ile Ife”
Moreover, another piece of historical evidence which quelled the academic debate on the word “east” (as is seen in the early writings in reference to this overlord) are early maps.There are maps (e.g. from the early 1500s) which show the phrase Dominion of the Orguene annotated across the western half of today’s Nigeria.
These historical information leaves anyone (not only the historians) with the only logical conclusion that the appearance of the word “east” in those early writings is of course not literal.
In conclusion, contrary to your ignorant assumption, there are writings from the early 1500s (on the basis of interviews of Bini representatives in the late 1400s) which references the king of Ife & his overlordship on Benin kingdom and other places.
Apart from early writings, there are other types of historical evidence which also establish clearly that there exist a classic (i.e. pre-1800) father & son relationship between Ife & Benin respectively.
These other type of historical evidence which I come to here are classical artifacts from the hard science of archaeology. One crucial examples in this regard is discussed below.
The artifact shown in this link is the image of an Ooni of Ife. ~ S. P. Blier, “Art in Ancient Ife,” 2012, Figure 17.
The Ife naturalism of this artifact, its facial striations, as well as its classical Ife ceremonial costume and the pair of chest ornament help art historians (as well as Benin chroniclers alike) with identifying this image as an Ooni of Ife.
What is very, very crucial here is that this artifact was found in the archaeological deposits of Benin. To be more precise, it was excavated from the royal palace of Benin kingdom.
Furthermore, the production date of this artifact has now been established by science. This artifact is dated, by thermoluminescence technique, to the year 1420 [± 60 years].
~ Calvocoressi & David, “A New Survey of Radiocarbon and Thermoluminescence Dates for West Africa,” 1979, p. 19.
For more pictorial angles (and details) regarding this particular artifact, please refer to:
(A) W. Fagg, “A Bronze Figure in Ife Style at Benin,” British Museum, June 1950, Plate Fa, Fb, Fc
(B) F. Willett, “Ife in the History of West African Sculpture,” McGraw-Hill, 1967, Figure 89.
(C) C. Adepegba, “The Descent from Oduduwa,” 1986, Plate 4.
In other words, a more-than 500-year-old ‘bronze’ cast of an Ooni Ife was discovered in the (archaeological deposits of the) palace of Benin kingdom.
In conclusion, it thus becomes clear that there exists a classical (i.e. pre-1800) father & son relationship between Ife & Benin respectively Again, this conclusion which I have inevitably reached is not mine. This is simply the conclusion of historical scholarship. This can be seen in the following works:
A. Akinjogbin (1967), F. Willett (1973), R. C. C. Law (1973), R. Horton (1979), A. Obayemi (1980), R. Smith (1988), B. Adediran (1991), D. Bondarenko (2003), S. A. Akintoye (2010), A. Ogundiran (2020), et al.
A beautiful summary of this conclusion of scholars of African history (some of whose names and works are listed above) is shown in the page below from Adam Knobler (2016), p.47.
Peace!
You have said it all thanks. Yoruba kingdom started exiting from 1967
I’m given you documented reference from the world � in 17th century 16th century. You are given me reference from ordinary people like you from 1967 when Nigeria started existing. You are not far from the truth Yoruba rewritten teing history all after Nigeria, Oba of Lagos said this
absoluteSuccess: Well I can't say they were lying, they were challenging the popular beliefs that made them offshoot of ile-Ife.
Well, I must say I'm not in support of the chutzpah of Oba Akiolu, but its a sign that something is wrong with Yoruba history.
The custodians of Yoruba history are at a crossroad: our myth of origin has serve its time, its time for truth to unveil itself to the power of empirical analysis.
Trying hard to force a historical dogma on free people is the height of insanity.
The rule of history is simple: don't impose yourself, your myths or assumptions, let the facts be known, so as to set the people free.
We, the Awori have a tradition that look to Iseri, before the advent of 'modern historians' and their subtle 'intellectual colonialism' which enslaved the chequered Yoruba history to Oyo/Ile-Ife .
History is to set people free, I'm not a party to a tradition that people invents to keep me subservient in my own culture, whereby, one is of no historical significance other than as being the extra people
Everything about Yoruba antiquity did not all happen at Ile-ife, as often touted by many unknown people that has always help us to tell us our history.
Many of the historical claims are what happened in the imagination of the authors, not what really happened in historical time.
But what our tradition says is, we came from Iseri-imole. We are thus reckoned as 'omo oloko nile Iseri' the scions of sailors from the house of Israel. I've used this belief to get all my claims to this point, let others use theirs too to get their 'true' answers.
We came with the founding fathers of Yorubaland. Oba Ado, Oduduwa, Orunmila and Osolo are some of our great heroes.
I don't know the clan that 'ogunfunminire' represent among the Awori clan, but I am aware of the Olofin house, Olofin is another name for Oduduwa.
Many will argue that there are different waves of migration to Yorubaland, but my clan of the Awori came with Oba Ado, the earliest Yoruba explorer, and their memorial is set to Odu Ose:
Adia fun Oba Ado, ejigbara ileke, tinlo ree bawon mule ibudo....
This was the exploration that brought Awori from Iseri to Yorubaland. Duality of hero is rampant in Yoruba history, this is Oba Ado, who establish Lagos Island.
Where was Iseri? that to me is ancient Israel.
After the success of their exploration, Oba Ado have this to say of his team:
Awa donile, aoku mo: awa dopitan ile.
Awa donile bi ado, a digba oke, a lo gboingboin.
Must the story of these explorers be forgotten so that we can have peace as migrants from Ile-ife? I really don't know.
Ado is the birthplace of Ifa, (Ado nile Ifa)but the innate greed to over-concentrate 'all thing Yoruba' at only one place has made modern historians rob us, so that 'Ewi nle Ado may have become Ewi nle...'
History should be about places and people, not concentrated in one particular place as though its the only place where history happened at through aeons. That's the only way our history can be all encompassing.
And this Oba Ado came from Benin Empire anyway Benin or the Edo is was known as Ado before. So the king is not far from the truth that they came from Benin empire aworis might also be Benin descendants as well. As they are many lineage of Oba Ado Ashipa who speak Yoruba today
2 history fact I brought to back my claim. 1 is the map of Bight of Benin empire or Kingdom as you said.
2 Is a narrative of a black slave that was bought in that environment at that time.
What history fact apart from igbo Write up that back this your claim before 19th century?
3thd the video is just a story that shows the greatest king of that falling west Africa kingdom greatness. And not to debate or reduce other Africa country greatness in history.
[quote author=ChangedMan1999 post=109238105]You are very very stupid.
How could you Bini people edit Wikipedia and and write that Bini Kingdom had something to do with South East.
For your information Olaudeh Equino was from present day Delta North senatorial zone. And Delta North had make it clear that they are not Ndigbo.
You first started with "Onitsha and Western Ndigbo are from Bini" but when you saw that it has been proved beyond reasonable doubt that the ancestor of these people is Eze Chima, you went blank.
Why don't you name the usual Bini princes or generals that over-ran South East.
Talking of over- running South East, if you think that Bini Kingdom could bring Ohafia, Abriba, Abam, Edda, Nkoro, Aro, Ezza, Ikwo etc to their knees, then you are living in fool's paradise.
Away with your Kingdom that you call Empire.
If you read about Mansa Musa and other rulers of old Ghana, Mali, Timbuktu, Songhai etc and you still come here to post nonsense, then you should be admitted into a psychiatrist.
To boost your ego, your people will start with "the white men bowed to our Oba". If you read up that the European were crawling like snakes before the rulers of the people of Southern Africa, you will know that the "bowing" wasn't genuine. If it was genuine, your old Kingdom wouldn't have been sacked.
Lastly, stay on your Lane. South East has absolutely nothing to do with your people. Don't mistake Delta North for South East.
Seun should start removing this false narratives from his site. The site looks like a primary school site.
AreaFada2: You still did not get it. Leaders and merchants of some territories of the empire wanted the right to trade in their people. Colonies always always had certain rights that they could negotiate with the centre to keep. Benin could not ban everything in remote colonies if their leaders wanted to keep those traditions or privileges. That was politics. If they won't be bought or sold by Benin people, Benin people would not be sold or bought, then that was politically fair enough as part of devolved rights.
Ask yourself why most other tribes/kingdoms in Africa didn't have the vision to refuse to sell their people into slavery.
Benin wanted it's core Benin Citizens as warriors and administrators of colonies. Benin was therefore way ahead. When I hear that Britain abolished slave trade in 1807 I laugh. Left to Benin, slavery would have stopped before plantations in Americas really began to be in huge need of slaves. In the 1640s or thereabout. Some argue that Benin supported Eleko Kosoko of Lagos who supported slavery. Lagos as a colony reserved the agreed right to trade as it wanted. Benin had no reason to thrash that agreement unless mutually renegotiated, not at the behest of Europeans.
When the Europeans refused to buy Benin pepper, linen and other goods if Benin would not sell them slaves, Benin banned all trade with those Europeans. Yes, it led to economic decline of Benin while Oyo rose on the back of slave trade. Money/economic power is used to fund military to expand territory. Even till today. History is there to read.
Remember that Oludah Equianoh's case was even a raid in his village. Most likely by people who knew the area. It wasn't an area core Benin people lived close to. There were many illegal channels for slave trade, just like narcotics today. Banned by every government but still a thriving illegal trade.
See Benin people wich was the first citizen lives here In city of kings Benin kingdom lived far beyond to lagose west and east boder by bight of Biafra cameron of now, at that time a slaves is being use sacrificed in Benin kingdom so na to sell them oh be problem? U might say Benin king didn’t sold slave but the chiefs and second in command might do this, according to European the only people or place they bought slave from in Nigeria was Bight of Benin and Oba of Benin was in full control of this kingdom. #Factonly
macof: This is not true by objective observation of the relics of those periods We have evidence that Ife's influence and trading outposts during the century oduduwa must have reigned reached as far north as modern Kwara and Kogi states. That's why it was easy for his household members as well as those of other powerful figures in Ife could just walk up to places and set up dynasties. This is largely a new study but from observation of evidence that survive from this period.
Secondly, Ewuare was not even the most powerful Bini ruler. Bini at its height was not Ewuare's reign The height was the Ozolua to Ehengbuda reigns The significance of Ewuare is that he set the stage for the later Obas. What you are doing is giving credit for the exploits of other Obas to Ewuare
@bold, lmao. That's just false. The entire Benin empire did not even have such a size. Cameroon ke?
Ozulua knows as conqueror he conquered 200 states even in that he was credited for Ewuare still outshine him Ewuare conquerd 201 202 Ewuare was also successful in trading Bight of Benin empire was bordering Cameron in the east bordering Gold cost/ Dahomey in west this as far as what Ewuare set
Don’t believe me believe a slave that was taken there at that period and for Oduduwa he only ruled ife Ewuare has control over the full Nigeria south and his magica power and army was second to non he could single handedly defeat a nation
SirNewtonNG: Bitter bigoted tribalist. The slaves who retuned were yoruba. They knew who they were and were very few in number. Their descendants are very much well to do than the papers in little benin city. I know you are very jealous of population but people in the rural areas of yoruba land are definitely not the descendants of the very few elites who came back. Whenever you hear the name yoruba you'll always quiver and be forever uncomfortable you bstrd! You are nothing but a slave to a yoruba king.
If they were Yoruba or igbo this Yoruba or igbo was under the control and empire of Benin. Don’t believe me believe the slaves then
AreaFada2: I write because of cultured people quietly reading, so that a swearing uncouth agbero doesn't believe that he can intimidate reasonable people. Because 9ja is a place where thugs and touts run things, sadly.
While you like insulting anyhow like a garage boy, you have not been able to dispute what a contemporary French explorer and trader, Mr Landolphe, said. In his diary, during his journey between Benin City and Gwatto (Ughoton) port, of the 100 or so slaves displayed along the roadside for sale, the slaves and the traders were majorly Igboid and Yoruboid subjects. No Benin people. What you forget is that all successful empires gave various degrees of autonomy to provinces/chiefdoms/kingdoms who had their norms and traditions. Empires that refused to do so often faced disobedience and uprising simultaneous in several colonies. Very costly to quell many rebellions at the same time.
It's a pity many do not like to read anymore. Good to read about Egyptian, Greek, Achaemenid, Roman, Ottoman, and other empires. Of late, some crazy Igbo people try to cause animosity between Benin and other Edoid people. A lazy divide and rule tactics. . They should focus on their Biafra fight with Fulani and MURIC and leave others out.
What you forget is that Benin people moved as far as Ghana. I have met many Ga people (principal owners of Accra) who confirmed their Benin origin. You were idiotic to read where I wrote that there were some raids in peripheral Benin villages. If in all 1,000 people were caught in those raids and assuming 500 survived the transportation and inhumane conditions to arrive in the Americas and if even just 250 managed to reproduce, don't you know how many thousands their descendants would be today? Yet, it would be miniscule compared to Igbos in Haiti/Tabago/Jamaica or Yorubas in Brazil and elsewhere.
All Edoid people knew their relationship with Benin/monarchy, including confirmation of dukes/rulers of those places back then. Some may not know in the confused, messed up and distorted 9ja entity of today.
It might really be so but if this slaves where Igbo or Yoruba this yoruba and Igbo was under the Benin empire according to slaves that was sold at that time. Don’t believe me believe the slave.
macof: Lol You people really don't know anything outside your small Bini to think Ewuare was the greatest King in West Africa. If wealth, power and significance of reign is greatness
Where do you put Askia Mohammed, Sunni Ali, Mansa Sakura, Mansa Musa, Sundjata Keita, Idris Alouma, Oduduwa, Tunka Manin, Sultan Bello?
Bro I understand you ododuwa only have power over ife. But Ewuare was in control of what is now know as south west south south south east Nigeria he was the reason Bight of Benin was named bro u should go true his story no king control a large trade than him and Mansa Musa was the greatest forget Ododuwa he only gave birth to most king but he only have control over ife. Not like Ewuare who control down to lagos east boder by cameroon down to bight of Benin to the south ocean
SirNewtonNG: An 1800s Addition Among Several Others:
Regarding the tradition of military exellence in relation to Horsemanship and marksmanship (with bow and arrow) which became the passion and favorite sport of Oyo, Richard Lander commented on the Oyo people; on a second visit to Oyo-Ile in 1826, after a journey through Bariba, Hausa and Nupe countries; as follows:
The Oyo cavalry "have the reputation of being the best bowmen in Africa; and the young men soon become excellent marksmen by frequent practice and steady perseverance ... They amuse themselves daily by attempting to discharge arrows through a small hole made for the purpose in a wall, at a great distance from the standing ground, and I have frequently seen individuals accomplished this difficult task three successive times ... from a distance of up to one hundred yards. ... it requires great and unceasing practice to attain to so much perfection."
Reference: Richard Lander: Records of Capt. Clapperton's Last Expedition to Africa, London, Henry Colborn & Richard Bentley, 1830, Vol. 2, p.222.
NOW I'LL BE INTERESTED TO KNOW AND GIVE YOU THE WORK YOU GAVE ME. CAN YOU GIVE ME ANY ACCOUNTS THAT DESCRIBE BENIN AS AN EMPIRE FROM EUROPEANS PRE OR DURING 1800. I'LL WAIT
As long as this is not coming from the first citizen of the place I have nothing to believe.
Landlord first citizen of Lagos Oba of Lagos we originat from Benin tenants we came from yoruba Obi of onitsha we came from Benin empire tenant we came from igbo Itshekiri king we came from Benin tenant say they know more than landlord in a house is quiet funny
SirNewtonNG: You are a pure e hater. Despite the maby evidences and facts posted you continue to vehemently display ignorance, troll and undermine yoruba history. I hope whatever yoruba people are doing that's making you this frustrated will continue to go on in your life. Waste of sperm
Ok provide evidence from European at that time like the rest Africa empire
To know who the Itsekiris are, ask them. What/who do the Itsekiris themselves say they are?
(A) The eyewitness accounts collected from them in the 1800s have them confirming to the Europeans that they are part and parcel of the larger Yoruba group:
(I) “Let me now refer briefly to the tribes that people this part of the world. First we come to the Jakris, who are connected in race and language with the Yoruba people, extending from the Mahin country on the west to the Forcados on the East, and inland about as far as Sapele.”
~ H. L. Gallwey, “Journeys in the Benin Country, West Africa,” The Geographical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2 (Feb., 1893), p.127.
(II) “In this respect, however, the officials agree with the tradition of the people at Warri, the Jekries, who claim to come from the west.”
~ H. Ling Roth, “Great Benin: Its Customs, Arts and Horrors,” (1903), pp.8-9.
(B) This historical reality of the Itsekiris have remained the same since that period (i.e. the 1800s & prior) all the way to the present century, day & time.
Bro see what you saying to yourself. Their first king the first citizen of itshekiri is Oba of Benin son all their palace chiefs are Benin their chiefs title are Benin chiefs title given to them by Oba of Benin empire example iyase iyasere and son this chiefs are hereditary so this mean the first bearers of the title wich are Benin their lineage are still d one who bear the title today. I will give u assignment first go study Benin Empire chiefs title then study itsekiri own then google the first king of itshekir where is the man from then u get ur answe
This isn’t about Benin Yoruba relationship it Itshekiri where do they came from. The fact is Itsekiri are people that originated from Benin empire but currently speak Edoid yoruba dialect. Their king are descendant of Benin all the palace chiefs as well their chiefs are sonse of Benin From Iyase to Oliha this chiefs kings and first decend of itsekiri have birth to all their inhabitants of today. So make una rest na from Benin Empire them tey com
ManLikeMace: If you are a self sponsored applicant you need to pay attention to your application even more. I am a photographer and I was self sponsored with no scholarships. I payed half of my first year tuition and also had enough funds in my account for my remaining one and a half year tuition with living expenses for two years. Because I am a photographer I think I had to show that I had the whole money for my tuition saved as nobody would be here to continue my business even though I told them I had a studio here that’ll continue functioning after I’ve left. I also got rejected twice as my gcms notes said they didn’t think spending that much money to study photography was worth it and blah blah blah with some other things like family ties and all that so I had to switch my course to film making and explain from the angle of how nollywood is really growing and the need for more film makers in Nigeria and all that. I also spoke about how there are no good film schools in Nigeria and Africa in general compared to what’s available in Canada in my SOP. I still got rejected sha and because I knew my application was strong I did a judicial review, settled out of court and got my visa.
I also submitted a lot of invoices from work I have done for clients and also submitted the receipts for my camera gear I own just to show that I am really invested in my business. I submitted my business registration (very important) then submitted 3 account statements. One personal, one business and one was a fixed deposit type account with all my study funds in it. For my account statements I used the my VISA bank statement thing so I didn’t have to print out all my bank statements. I just got the slip and uploaded them.
I used my parents and siblings as family ties and didn’t submit any land documents and all that as I no get. I also spoke about how I have an established photography business here that I’ll be coming back to. I submitted my waec certificate but I no go uni so I didn’t have that to submit. I think that was the only educational document I submitted. I also submitted a police report.
Anyway if you are self sponsored I think you have to show you have enough money for at least two years to be on the safe side. I’m not saying this applies to everyone as visas are granted based on the officers discretion.
I hope this helps somebody out there.
Bro please my last question did you do all this yourself because in mine I use an agent my school started 3 this month fall ending of the year but no news yet from them as my school start time already pass don’t know if im being scammed or I should have a little patient
Romance › Shirtless Wizkid Having A Pool Party With Phyno Wande Coal Other Artists(video) by Jameseddi1(op): 10:32am On Jan 16, 2022
To boost your ego, your people will start with "the white men bowed to our Oba". If you read up that the European were crawling like snakes before the rulers of the people of Southern Africa, you will know that the "bowing" wasn't genuine. If it was genuine, your old Kingdom wouldn't have been sacked.
