swagifted:
Dear fellow solar warriors, please persons that have used deye hybrid inverters in Nigeria what was the most common issues you encountered if any.

I am using Deye hybrid inverters, no issues at all so far. Just do your installations right. Don't patronize quarks.

Juror:


Did they deliver them ? What was their delivery cost like?

Oh yes, they delivered it. Ordered in Abuja Showroom, They shipped from PHC showroom and delivered to my house in IMO, Transaction also took place in absentia, took less than 24 hours from payment to delivery. FREE DELIVERY

yemi2plus:


If you're buying panels from Fouani, buy them NOW. Dollar is going up again.

Yeah, I bought 24pcs of 625W Jinko Panels yesterday. I know they will increase prices soon enough, usually they would give a tempting discount on that kind of value of purchase but they insisted that there was no discount on panels for now.
Las las I had to buy it like that ooo.
But they were offering a huge discount on Inverters and batteries, even gave me an option to pay in installments if I bought Batteries.

Elcapitan0:
Hello guys and good evening. Pleasei just installed my felicity CC and i'm having trouble connecting it to the inverter. I'm using a normal network cable and I've tried both the RS-232 and the RS-485 port on the inverter but it just flashes for 10 seconds and goes off. Please how can i go about this as i dont want to overcharge this battery if both AC and panel is available?
Inverter is IVPS3524
Charge controller is SCCM8048

Thanks

Please read this

ojesymsym:
I read that the iPhone 15 has a feature that limits battery to just 80% to prolong the life of the battery. I thought this was bad practice years ago, has this changed? If so, can we adapt it to renewable energy?

Yes you can. Matter of fact this feature has been around for a while. Laptops, Phones, etc has been using this feature at least since 10 years+

I have seen this feature on my Deye Inverter (Disable Floating Charge) which limits the batteries from floating charge..

I can't tell of other inverter vendors though.

FEGEITOK:


Samsung SSD 870 EVO 1TB

You should try a PCIe Gen5 NVMe M.2 SSD with blisteringly fast 12,400MB/s read and write speeds with an endurance of 1000TBW per 1TB of capacity. That gives you 2000TBW for the 2TB capacity drive, or enough to rewrite 1TB of data every single day for over five years on a compatible mainboard, thank me later.

Files and Bandwidths have grown bigger lately, after my Inverter setup I decided that I will have to do away with my 32TB WDMyCloudEX4100 NAS and 24TB HPE Proliant DL380Gen9 Server. They became too slow for my liking.
Despite having laptops like HP Omen, Lenovo ThinkPad P43s, HP AIO 24-df1270, HP ProBook 450 G8, all with minimum of 2TB NVMe SSD, I still find it slow pulling files from my NAS and HPE Server especially media files.
So I decided It's time to go full blown SSD.

My latest config goes like:

To replace my 32TB WDMyCloudEX4100 NAS I will use:
ASUS ROG Maximus Z790 Hero
LGA 1700(Intel®13th&12th Gen) ATX Gaming Motherboard
Intel Core i9-13900K Gaming Desktop Processor 24 cores (8 P-cores + 16 E-cores) with Integrated Graphics - Unlocked
PCIe 5.0, DDR5,20+1 power Stages,
2.5Gb LAN, WiFi 6E
Bluetooth V5.2,
2X Thunderbolt 4 Ports,
5xM.2, Thunderbolt™ 4/USB4)
5x4TB Seagate FireCuda 540 PCIe NVMe Gen5

To replace my 24TB HPE Proliant DL380Gen9 Server, I will use:
HPE DL380 Gen10 Plus 8LFF CTO Server
2x Intel Xeon-Silver 4314 16 Core Processor
2x 256GB DDR4 3200
16x 1.92GB SAS SSD
2x 10G SFP
etc.

All these items have arrived except the Intel Core i9-13900K Proc.

Pictures of my setup will be made available on demand.

FEGEITOK:


Speaking of the value of knowing your stuff inside out.

I decided to update the BIOS of my main laptop on Saturday morning. It turned out to be the biggest mistake of my life. I bricked my primary workhorse and had to literally cancel all my schedule for Saturday and Sunday.

I have been updating BIOS all my life. But this one went south. The laptop would not come on again. To be more specific, it would turn on, but only into BIOS. It would not boot into windows. I tried every trick in the world same thing. I downloaded and created a USB based Windows Boot disk, but it would not load. I downloaded recovery ISOs and used them to create a USB stick that can allow me access the system, no luck.

I then assumed I have a bad USB stick and went to a repair man and he gave me a his own, same thing. Guy was stumped, referred me to someone else who was busy. I went home, kept trying all of Saturday and all of Sunday then luck smiled on me towards evening.

Then something occured to me. As a matter of practice and principle, I try to duplicate how enterprise networks are run at home. It means that I standardized on a particular laptop brand (Lenovo), a particular series of that laptop and that I have several of such laptops at home. I have Thinkpads X series several generations. I have more than one of each generation. X240, X250 and X260

So I said, when I bought this laptop, I swapped out the 250gb SSD for the 1TB SSD from my retired laptop. What would happen if I put back that original 250gb SSD. I tried it and the laptop would come on. So, the problem was with the drive and not the motherboard.

I took it out and returned the 1TB SSD same thing.

I then recalled that they said that X240 and X250 are literally the same internally. So I took out my X250 that I rarely use from storage and it would not come on, the power button would blink and make some noises and then go off. I removed the external battery, same thing. I removed the internal battery, same thing. I disconnected the BIOS battery, reconnected it, reinstalled the internal and external batteries and it came to life. I then removed the SSD that came with the X250 and inserted my 1TB SSD and it roared to life.

If I did not know my onions, I would never have resolved this at home and all by myself.

This story also illustrates for those IT guys who have never operated in an enterprise environment why enterprises always standardize infrastructure. It makes troubleshooting a lot easier. It also explains why you must duplicate the enterprise environment if you want to relate well with your peers inside.

In my days as a hardware and software guy. I was not that guy who fixed a bad PC by formatting it. I never did so. I always repaired the OS. I was very adept at those tools. Which guy would you prefer? A guy that does the easy fix or the guy who tried to understand what went wrong and then fixed it. Who knows the technology better? Who would you want in your corner when you got into IT trouble? I did not mind how long it took.

Even before repairing, I would use Antivirus Boot CDs to throughly disinfect the system because the primary cause of those failures was infection from human error. I would even replace the corrupted operating system files.

That quest to understand the underlying technology and understand how things work and fix the problem instead of just refreshing everything made me extremely knowledgeable of operating systems and led me to such tools like Winternals amongst others. Knowledge that I have sadly rarely ever used since I switched camp. Winternals was so good that Microsoft ended up buying the company and absorbing its founders, I can never forget Mark Russinovich. How much sadness I felt when Microsoft said they would discontinue that line of products. How many hardware and software guys knew that such tools existed? Their solution was to get pirated CDs and reinstall Windows. I never did that.

Neither can I forget The PC Upgrade & Maintenance Guide by Mark Minasi.

In the event that that had to be done, I would extract all the license keys from the installed software before ever formatting. So that the user would not lose his or her investments. I invested so much and found out that private individuals cannot pay for the labor that I put in. They were always willing to pay for hardware but never for the brains that did the work.

I would also save the user's data. I would ransack all corners of the hard drive and I would even take notes of where I got what data from so that at the end of the day, when I was done, the PC would be the same as it was before the trouble.

Then I plotted my pivot from that sort of business and thank God I did. Where I am today and where I was then is literally as different as the night is as different from day.

What you needed to do from the beginning was a NAND hard reset, and that's what you ended up doing when you sterved the laptop of power by taking out any sources of power to the mainboard.

Your SSD frying up was due to multiple power interruptions when you were power cycling the system because it was up and running before you went upgrading the firmware.

My Disaster Recovery days and knowledge would have reminded me of removing the SSD at the 3rd failed bootup. Good luck.

Obnoxious2001:
Please I need suggestions and opinion.

I have this 24v 5.12kw blue carbon lithium battery, that has been drained. The problem now is it has refused to come up.

I have tried using nepa to charge via the inverter , it not waking up, the solar panels too is not working as well...

How do I solve this problem?
Am thing of using an external 24v automatic low voltage disconnect switch to prevent further occurrence in the future, but I have no idea if such system is available.

Beside the inverter is a transformer based hybrid inverter with 100mppt controller.

I can't send image Now because of nairaland palava.

Senior men please come to my aid

Because your Lithium battery pack needs to sense battery voltage before starting to charge, It can't help you when it sees 0V from the battery cells (0v Because your BMS has shut you off due to over DOD).

So, to wake up your Battery Pack, You need to Jump start the battery just like you do to your car. But bear in mind that you have a 24v battery pack.
Get a 24V external Battery Charger or An Adjustable DC Power Supply or even 2pcs of 12v Batteries that are charged up, Set the readings to about 27V 10A, Hook up the terminals Negative to Negative and Positive to Positive Terminals of the Charger and Battery respectively.

If your BMS is inbuilt you might need to open the Battery Box because the terminals you have access to outside the box are P- and B+, and you need to hook up your external DC power supply to B- and B+.

Once you do this and certisfying other Input conditions from your Inverter, Mains and Solar Panel sources, etc, your Battery should resume charging, then unhook the external power sources you applied earlier.

If this did not help, then there might have been a fault in your BMS.

I hope this helps. Cheers

bassdow:


love it when I see like minds in here.

Additonally or Alternatively, @FEGEITOK could block all external sites, and only leave a whiteList of a couple essential to work purpose. You shouldn't have access to nairaLand if it's not useful for your jobDescription. Also you should have a way to view any user's PC screen. That alone would put them on their toes. Time Limit all PCs so it locks them out outSide Office Open hours.
Disable USB ports if need be.

Put consideration of skill level of the uers, so they don't easily find work-arounds.

Just have a central PC (server) where all other PCs access internet from. That way, you cold allow access based on staff position e.g MD, casshier, etc

These tweaks you have mentions are one click away from me to be implemented.
Some have also become deprecated especially the bolded statements above.
An SNMP Server takes care of user activities in your workplace by logging all activities (Keyboard Strokes, Mouse clicks, Files Fingerprinting, etc on their PCs rather than spying on their Screens.
Putting time limits on Users PCs at workplace was retired by Covid Outbreak when people were mandated to work remotely, which is still happening till date.
Disabling USB ports is now a full option in BIOS and UEFI interfaces, you can do that if the need be but it has been deprecated also by the use of cloud services people mostly no longer have needs to carry usb storage devices.
You no longer need a shared internet from a Central PC, This has become deprecated. An Internet Gateway/Firewall can do this for you by ACL

I just read a couple of comments where people are asking for where to switch to or concentrate on because it makes you more money. Well I would say that despite the new or modern day nomenclatures that has evolved in computations eg, AI, Coding, CyberSecurity, etc, You must know the basics in any field you are to venture into.

I am where I am today because I have had a practical hands on experience with equipments like: Alcatel, Ericsson, Huawei, TP-Link, DLink, Juniper, NEC, Nokia, Ciena, ZTE, Zycel, Orinoco, Magnums, WAVELAN, Synoptics, Kalpana, Mitsubishi, Meraki, Belkin, Fortinet, Sophos, Cyberoam, SonicWall, Calix, Aruba, Aris, Avaya, Cisco, Motorola, Ubiquiti, CommScope, Control4, EnGenius and the list goes on.

So imaging me and someone without these experiences in a classroom to study CyberSecurity because he has been told that it makes you more money. Or someone who had just graduated from the University and has been told to focus on CyberSecurity because that's where the money is now. I leave you to be the judge.

litaninja:
Hair dryer?

oops, didn't see the hair ooo. thought it was a Dryer Machine ooo.

But which kind of rhetoric question be this one na? Johnson how ca a Hair Dryer have a compressor?

isangjohnson:
Does standing hair dryer machine have compressor?

No, it has a motor.
Some has direct drive motor (Directly attached to the tub) and some use drive belts to propel tub. And the agitator of course.

samir101ng:


I have been reporting and posting this on the thread & DIY Solar Telegram group for a while now. I attended the conference flying in from Abuja for three 3 days. The conference this year was even more massive and had a lot of Vendors in attendance from Fronius, Victron, SMA, Anern, Felicity, TBB Power, Xtra Power, SRNE, etc. I will post some pictures from the event soon. The conference has had maximum exposure as the current minister of power Mr Adelabu was at the event. I have also been seeing their sponsored posts on linkedin, youtube and online.

Please drop us the Telegram Group Link Here. Thanks

swagifted:
My people in the house Sol-Ark Vs Victron who goes over who

Sol-Ark is an American Patented version of Deye China. Victron is Victron Worldwide.

Sol-Ark is a Transformerless Hybrid Inverter, Victron is mostly a Transformer Based Inverter but has shifted from conventional transformers to Toroidal Transformers in the recent years.

Both Inverters are strong and reliable but I would choose Victron over Sol-Ark.

Power Rating:
Victron Power Factor is 1:1 for both Battery and Mains Power Inversion.
Sol-Ark Power Factor (for some models) is 1:0.8 for Battery Power Inversion and 1:1 Mains Power Inversion. Meaning that if you have a 15KW Sol-Ark, on battery you can only get 12KW total load. Load it more than 12KW is triggers over current alarm and shuts off for a few minutes.

I haven't experienced this with Victron though.

And the list of their differences continues.

Uchman81:
It's a hybrid.
Heats up easily while charging with Nepa, the fan stays on through out the charging period.
Damaged my laptop chargers. (All those kikiki sounds, from there the charger will stop working)
Haven't loaded it more than 300 watts so I don't know how it handles load.

In simple terms, there are 3 types of Inverters.. . The cheap one used to simply be square-wave, that is ON + for half the cycle and - for the other half cycle. . . OK, for lights, and heating equipment, did work with computers and some other stuff, but probably not very good for them.. . Very high in 3rd harmonica and other odd harmonics as well. . . Then they improved these by having an OFF period between the + and - .. . These are “Modified Square-wave” but the naughty manufacturers call them “Modified sine-wave” which they certainly are not.

Then, in the old days, we used to have real TRUE Pure-Sinewave Inverters.. . These were proper sine-wave and very clean, even cleaner than the grid supply, free of any harmonics or any other products. . . . They worked very well, but they were inefficient at converting DC to AC, and so gave off a lot of heat.

The more recent, particularly larger modern Inverters use a form of Switch-mode, often referred to as PWM. .. They switch the DC feed to the output, often through a transformer, in very fast On/Off pulses. . . The On and Off period ratio, sort of matches a sinewave approximately. . . . So with efficient output Filtering, their output is fairly close to a sinewave. . These are the true Modified Sine-wave inverters. . . The filtering blocks most of the harmonics, particularly the higher frequencies, their outputs are good for anything that normally works from grid power. . . But they are NOT True sinewave as manufacturers call them, but they are very power efficient, typically up in the high 90’s %. . . Some claiming 98% efficient, whereas the actual True Sine-wave, as I mentioned before, from Linear Inverters, were perhaps only about 60% efficient.

The outputs of inverters that are power efficient have a lot of harmonics.
Back in Engineering 201 (I think it was the sophomore year) we learned about the Fourier transform and how any waveform can be created with a series of sine waves with different frequencies. frequencies.

The attached picture shows what happens as you add odd harmonics (3*F, 5*F, 7*F) to a sine wave. You can see the sine wave starts looking like a square wave.
A square wave, or any rectangular switching waveform, has a bunch of harmonics present that are often significant at more than ten times the square wave frequency.

For some equipment this is no problem. A lot of components today such as chargers and displays just rectify the AC input right away. Harmonics either don’t matter or they are mostly filtered out and don’t cause a problem.

Magnetic equipment, such as motors and transformers, are not so forgiving. The magnetic material in most line frequency magnetic components is a silicon steel alloy that is chosen because it works well at low frequency, 50 to 60 Hz. The losses of silicon steel increase rapidly with frequency. If there is significant energy at 500 to 600 Hz the loss of the magnetic material causes it to heat up.

Things like refrigerators, fan motors and old equipment with a line transformer can all be heated enough to cause failure.

In many pieces of old equipment the AC inputs are not as well filtered and the higher frequency harmonics can cause noise and interference.

An inverter that doesn't produce pure sine wave energy can have a number of negative effects, including:

Reduced efficiency and increased power consumption. A non-pure sine wave inverter typically has lower efficiency than a pure sine wave inverter, which means it requires more power to produce the same amount of energy.

Reduced performance of some electronic devices. Some electronic devices, such as some types of motors, are sensitive to the type of power they receive and may perform poorly or not work at all when powered by a non-pure sine wave inverter.

Increased electromagnetic interference (EMI). Non-pure sine wave inverters can produce more EMI than pure sine wave inverters, which can interfere with other electronic devices and communications equipment.

Reduced lifespan of electronic devices. Some electronic devices, such as some types of motors, may have a shorter lifespan when powered by a non-pure sine wave inverter.

It is important to note that these negative effects may vary depending on the specific device or equipment being powered by the non-pure sine wave inverter. It may be best to consult with the manufacturer or a qualified technician before using a non-pure sine wave inverter with certain devices or equipment.

adewasco2k:
Please I need recommendation.

I am thinking of getting this for a start:

Felicity 3.5kva hybrid
Felicity battery 7.5kwh

I am not going solar for now, I plan getting the solar panels and solar charge controller later.

I am confuse because of the various prices I am seeing which are inconsistent.

Are their particular model for Felicity that are better ?

Thanks

Why buying a Charge Controller if you are planning on buying a Hybrid Inverter?

saint2ace:


I beg to differ on this, I got the information almost 3months back and registered for the event almost immediately, I was at the last event and for anyone who registered then, u're always updated with upcoming events; maybe you mail spam filter has been responsible for you not getting the information Abinitio.....

Too bad I might not be able to attend that of the year, but anything can happen.

For those attending you guys should please keep us in the loop. Cheers

Good to know this. Thanks.

Bgee77:

What if enter VOC ,it can be above 6600w

If we are referring to the same Felicity 540W Panel, your VOC per panel is 49.55V.

So 49.55V x 3 pcs (series) = 148.65V (This is less than 195V of max VOC of the Inverter)

You can actually do 3S5P (With 15PCS of Felicity 540W) to max out your 6600W Potential of the Inverter.

ojesymsym:
Guys, for those who can attend the annual Nigeria Energy Conference is starting today at Landmark Hotel, VI Lagos. It is usually an opportunity to meet directly with suppliers, learn what the new trends in technology are, meet international suppliers who also come to the conference yearly, and also know the direction of government policy with regard to renewable energy.

I could have posted the link to access it but I am not in any mood for one BOT to disrespectfully ban me, so I suggest you google "Nigeria Energy Conference" and preregister to attend if it is something that ticks your fancy.

Those who attend can also share with us whatever new innovations are in the pipeline so that we can as solar enthusiasts position ourselves to be at the forefront of implementation.

Nigeria and their haphazard way of doing things.
Last year, the same event took place at the same venue. This year it's here again at the same venue. With little or no publication or adverts, how do people outside Lagos participate? For Example, I can count myself among the first 100 Nigerians who are glued to the news. I didn't come across this except that you have just mentioned it here.

Why won't we emulate other countries in things like this?

For example take a look at MikroTik User Meeting https://mum.mikrotik.com/

this is just one out of many international events. Then our own local events, we can't even rotate it around Nigerian States. What a shame.

Bgee77:
Can Felicity ivpm inverter 10kva carry 12pcs of 540w panels 3s 4p

Yes it will, and that's pretty much the max you can do per unit of the IVPM10048.

https://www.felicitysolar.com/uploadfile/downloads/IVPM-IVPS说明书20221024.pdf
https://www.felicitysolar.com/uploadfile/downloads/M540W说明书.pdf

Laf wan kee me here ooo.

ojesymsym:
Na wa... small let us play small and do small addition na em you go carry further maths test book come out? Sombori cannot play with you.

Anyway, it is interesting how knowledge of technology can be used to manage cost, improve security and even provide entertainment that others pay a premium for.

brightk:
i think mikrotik does it better.. back in the days we made use of a spare pc n referred it to as cache. We installed some spare hdd n installed mikrotik x86 on the boot drives leaving the other bigger drives to act as the proxy cache. I believe things have grown abovecthis stage. Maybe you can check on the mokrotik product catalogue to see which products fit your needs

Mikrotik may not be as reliable in high-traffic environments or may not be well-suited for large-scale network deployments. Mikrotik has limited tweaks and flexibility in terms of traffic manipulations.

I didn't bother myself to make my Mikrotik box a Cache and Proxy Server because it's handling lots of things already, going from ROUTING, DHCP, FIREWALL, MULTI-WAN, etc. each time I tried to implement a proxy server with this same box, I always notice a slight difference in performance. So I intend to deploy a second box to handle the Proxying part of my traffic and maybe Hotspot Server for my staff and guests.

I have to mention that Mikrotik DNS always crash because of the big static list which leads to a R/W issues. Back in the days when the x86 versions was the best option for larger network environments, R/W speed was a problem, as year went by, we had SSDs which performed better but you can't compare the performance of Mikrotik to the likes of Squid and NGINX running on it's own linux machine and solely for the purpose of Caching and Proxying internet traffic. Even though we now have more robust Mikrotik ROS Boxes and Hardwares with sophisticated configurations, Mikrotik still haven't made it to the Top 10 Cache and Proxy Server lists till date.

Sorry my response is coming a bit late, was actually on transit.

Squid actually still makes top 3 of top 10 best Cache and Proxy Servers till date. However, caching also has some drawbacks. Caching can introduce inconsistency, as the cached data may not reflect the latest changes or updates on the server. Caching can also introduce complexity, as the web application needs to manage the cache expiration, validation, and invalidation policies. One of the reasons that has slowed down the use of Cache servers in a today's internet surfing is the dynamism of data update. With the exponential rise in the use of Social Media Updates, Ads, ChatGPT, SSL enforcement, etc, it has become so important for a web server to serve current or most recent data rather than a stale data.

That being said, NGINX is one of most popular open source reverse proxy servers for Linux. It's lightweight, fast, and offers a range of features such as load balancing, HTTP caching, SSL/TLS encryption, and more. NGINX is widely used by web developers and is particularly useful for serving static content, handling SSL certificates, and serving as a reverse proxy for HTTP/HTTPS traffic. NGINX is fast and scalable, making it ideal for high-traffic websites. It's also easy to configure and has excellent documentation. The only negative thing about NGINX is that it does not offer a built-in GUI interface, which may make it difficult for some users to manage.

There exist several other Cache and Proxy Servers eg:, Apache HTTP Server, HAProxy, Varnish, Traefik, Pound, Caddy, Privoxy, SwiperProxy, Tinyproxy, Skipper, Varnish Cache, Nuster, Polipo, etc.

Whichever choice you make from the list above, There are some options that you must consider a must have for your Cache Server which includes but not limited to:

Purge cache: this allows you to refresh cached files. Some providers only allow entire cache storage refreshing. Some CDN providers also limit the number of purges allowed over a predetermined period. The effectiveness of a purging request is determined by the time it takes to propagate through a network.

Never/always cache: this control allows you to manually override cache headers and tagging files that are always served from cache or those that have never been served. This control is useful in cache management, especially when used with bulk management options that allow the applications of these directives to file groups e.g., all JPG files in images/templates/folder.

Period cache: this is a refinement of the always cache control. It allows you to create a specified period when the object is to be served from the cache before refreshing. Cache for period can be accessed from the CDN GUI for easy management of specific files. This is a useful option when used for bulk file management, e.g., all JS files cached for at least five days. and the list goes on.

In conclusion, choosing right cache and proxy server for your environment depends on your specific needs and requirements. All of servers listed above offer unique features and capabilities that can be tailored to meet your specific needs. Whether you're looking for a lightweight server for a small website or a high-performance server for a large web application, there is always an open-source cache and reverse proxy server for Linux or other environments that will meet your needs.

ojesymsym:
There used to be some methods achieved with Squid back in the day. The idea was for a local server to locally cache regularly access info on the internet so that when accessed once, all other requests for that info will first check if it is available locally before going to access it online. Is there a better way to achieve this nowadays?

earthrealm:


he is wrong wrongest.

flooded batteries still emit gases, however because the average installer in clueless and inept, they usually don't program the inverter properly, so the inverter ends up sending suboptimal voltages to the battery.
flooded battery usually requires 14.5v to 14.8v for proper charging and 15.5v every 4hrs monthly. the battery will usually release gases/fumes during this equalization cos of the higher voltages sent to the battery. most un programmed inverters send only about 13.8v to 14.3v , this voltage is too low to produce any serious fumes/gases, and they also don't equalize----with this you see some flooded battery users saying they only top up water once a year , very very wrong, and such practise is irreversibly damaging the battery

Your response is very apt abeg. These GenZ theory engineers no go kill person ooo.

Namzy:

Is it really unlimited or fup is applied

It's unlimited, no FUP at all.
See attached picture for how much data I have consumed in just 2 weeks (From the last time I rebooted my
Unifi Dream Machine Pro Gateway).

I have been on this service for more than 3 years.

daamazing:


What plan/service this this?

It's MTN FTTH (Fiber To The Home)

Find out more here:
https://www.mtn.ng/deal/fibre-broadband/

https://www.mtn.ng/broadband/fibre-plans/

Cheers

earthrealm:


do you use/ever used lithium pack?
what would cause thermal runaway in a properly setup lithium pack?

What Is Thermal Runaway In Batteries?

Perhaps one of the most significant drawbacks of using batteries is that they’re required to operate in a relatively narrow temperature range. The battery cells’ safety and stability depend on maintaining internal temperatures within specific limits. If the temperature exceeds the critical level on either end, thermal runaway can occur, destroying the battery or, even worse, starting a fire.

Thermal runaway is a chain reaction within a battery cell that can be very difficult to stop once it has started. It occurs when the temperature inside a battery reaches the point that causes a chemical reaction to occur inside the battery. This chemical reaction produces even more heat, which drives the temperature higher, causing further chemical reactions that create more heat.

In thermal runaway, the battery cell temperature rises incredibly fast (milliseconds). The energy stored in that battery is released very suddenly. This chain reaction creates extremely high temperatures (around 752 degrees Fahrenheit / 400 degrees Celsius). These temperatures can cause gassing of the battery and a fire that is so hot it can be nearly impossible to extinguish.

Dangers of Thermal Runaway
Thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries has gotten some bad media in recent years due to cell phone and hoverboard batteries catching on fire. However, it can happen in all battery types.

In extreme cases, thermal runaway can cause batteries to explode and start fires. In minor cases, it can cause batteries to melt or be damaged beyond repair.

Fortunately, there are new technologies that enable us to make batteries safer and prevent the causes of these chain reactions.

What Causes Thermal Runaway?
Several conditions can cause thermal runaway in a battery.

Thermal runaway can occur due to an internal short circuit caused by physical damage to the battery or poor battery maintenance. The same type of scenario could cause an external short circuit which could also kick off the chain reaction.

Overcharging a battery beyond its safe max voltage (to extend the distance an electric car will run, for example) can permanently damage the battery and lead to thermal runaway.

Rapid charging can also lead to thermal runaway because rapid charging can lead to excessive currents.

Finally, temperatures outside of the safe region on either the low or high side degrades a battery’s performance. This leads to irreversible damage to the battery and possible triggering of the reaction.

While the danger of excessive heat may be obvious, the danger of excessive cold may be confusing. The functioning of lithium-ion batteries depends on chemical reactions. Excessive cold can slow or stop those chemical reactions from occurring.

Preventing Thermal Runaway in Batteries
There are several ways to reduce the risk of thermal runaway in batteries. Let’s look at some best practices and ways to prevent it and protect your batteries.

Proper Storage Temperature
One of the simplest ways to prevent thermal runaway is to store batteries at safe temperatures. The ideal storage temperature for most lithium-ion batteries is between 40-70 degrees Fahrenheit (5-20 degrees Celsius). However, this can differ based on the battery and manufacturer, so consult the label for your specific battery.

Proper Ventilation
Many types of batteries need proper ventilation to maintain a safe operating temperature. Additionally, many of the electronics needed to manage your battery system, also produce heat. Battery enclosures can trap heat generated by the electronics and some types of batteries, if you don’t ventilate properly.

Replace Old Batteries
Battery users not only need to handle and use their batteries carefully, but they need to replace them as well. This is because the chemicals and materials degrade over time.

Some older batteries that have been uncharged or undercharged, may have built up gasses within their casing. This state can easily cause a battery to explode.

If you see a deformed or “bubbled” battery, do not attempt to charge it. Properly dispose of and replace any deformed batteries.

Don’t Overcharge
Overcharging a battery can cause an electrochemical reaction that may result in thermal runaway. Monitoring the charge status of your battery is essential for this reason.


Does a Battery Management System (BMS) Prevent Thermal Runaway?
Most lithium-ion battery packs include a built-in battery management system (BMS). This BMS serves as the control center for the battery pack. It ensures that the battery is operating under safe conditions.

Battery management systems are critical to the safe operation and optimal performance of lithium-ion batteries and help minimize the possibility of thermal runaway.

Battery management systems (BMS) monitor and manage cell voltage, cell current, cell temperature, cell charge balancing, charge control, and internal short circuit detection.

Essentially, the BMS is an electronic system that manages either a single cell or an entire battery pack. It monitors the state of the battery and reports the data. It also protects the battery (or cell) by controlling or balancing the environment of the battery (or cell).

For example, if the BMS detects that the temperature is too hot, it can regulate the temperature by controlling cooling fans. Alternatively, if the battery or cell cannot be cooled and safe conditions restored, the BMS shuts down necessary cells to protect the entire system.

Thermal Runaway is Preventable With Care and A Proper BMS
There is no doubt that thermal runaway is a serious consideration for all battery systems. But with the proper care and management of your system, you can minimize this risk and enjoy all of the benefits of having battery power available to you whenever you want.

FEGEITOK:


It is for office use.

I hope it turns out to be a good purchase, if not it will be shut down.

I have to supply internet to several devices on 2 floors.

My key consideration was that although other providers may offer faster speeds they are not very clear on the data cap. How much data will be used before they throttle down the data or the speed or both

As you know there is not really anything like unlimited internet connection.

"Starlink will slow down speeds for Best Effort and Mobile plan customers. The bandwidth priority goes to Standard, Priority, and Mobile Priority users. " that is a quote from starlinkhardware dot com

As someone said on Reddit:

"Networks have a max bandwidth. If you can't (or won't) build your network so that peak < max, then that data gets spread out over time. Doing that in a controlled manner is better than letting it happen 'naturally'.

Most networks are far below their max most of the time."

I just want to test if my office will consume 1TB a month, and to guarantee that even if they hit 1TB per month the internet will not be cut off.

Airtel has a 1TB plan but it would cost me 100,000.00 and each time it is exhausted, I would need to shell out another 100,000.00

With this system, I can get the 1TB for less than half of 100,000.00.

I have MTN 5G and also plan to get the Airtel 5G and also have Glo 4G for home/mobile use.

You might want to put up some restrictions on your network.

In my office I used Mikrotik RB1100AHx4 to secure my Network. Using Layer7 Regexp and firewall to block so many things like Windows and Office Updates so they get it from the File Server, Blocking downloads by size and file types, Blocking bittorrents, Blocking Social Media and Streaming services (for some users), etc.
Used Adguard DNS for block explicit contents (porn), adverts, malwares, etc.
Used ARP=reply-only on your Local Network Interface to make sure that VPN and manual IP or DNS users can't use your network, except they use the IP and DNS that your Gateway allocates to them via DHCP, any attempt to alter or use a manual IP or VPN knocks them out of your Network, etc.
You can always have a list of IPs that are exempted from these restrictions though.

The pictures below can guide you further.

FEGEITOK:


As usual you have been that resource person in electrical matters that I have to reference.

Thank you for your time.

By the way, you may recall our discussion about internet awhile back. I just subscribed to a dedicated 2Mbps service from Glo. Costs N41,000.00 monthly. Data cap is 1TB. If you exhaust the 1 TB before the 30 days is up, they dial you down to 512kbps but the internet does not shut down.

Should be activated by the end of the week.

Will tell you if it is worth the cost.

Oh my God ! you did what?
Please cancel that subscription at the point of expiry.
2Mbps or 2mbps (megabits per second) is different from 2MBps (megabytes per second) you might want to know which one of them you subscribed for.

If it's megabits per second, it's rip off by Glo, dedicated or not.
If it's megabytes per second, it's fair but too expensive.

Here in Abuja,
I pay Starlink about ₦39,000 monthly for almost 200Mbps but had to pause it due to rain season cloudy days.
I pay FiberOne ₦35,950 monthly for 50Mbps but had to suspend due to epileptic service
I pay Legend ₦42,000 monthly for 80Mbps but had to suspend due to incessant Loss of Signal (LOS)

Currently I pay MTN ₦120,000 for 6 months for 50Mbps and this is a good offer and very stable.

Please note that all these plans are truly UNLIMITED, no caps at all.

I don't know why you chose to subscribe for a dedicated service in Nigeria owing the fact that our ISPs have failed to uphold the contracts when i comes to dedicated services. I would suggest you do more research as to which ISP serves better in terms of Speed and Stability in your area and when you get one, subscribe to an open plan and pay for some VPN services to get a private IP or other reasons why you need a dedicated service.

casualobserver:


Sorry to take you back to this post but I have to ask because the NEPA guys did the same thing with our street box (can’t remember what it is called) that kept blowing a fuse.

I don’t understand why you would replace the AC breaker (particularly AC-in) with one with a higher capacity in this situation. Isn’t the job of the 63a breaker to trip if the current goes above 63A? Isn’t the real question why didn’t the 63A breaker trip? Isn’t putting in a breaker of a higher capacity going to allow more current to flow potentially causing more damage in the event of a fault? If a 63A breaker could not prevent a fire, how is a higher capacity breaker supposed to?

Going back to the issue we used to have with the NEPA panel on my street, here was a time we had a problem of over voltage/overcurrent or whatever they call it and whenever the NEPA fuse blew, they kept using copper wire of a thicker gauge to bridge the failed fuse than the rated capacity, the result was that it would also blow fuses in the houses of residents of the street, they would then do the same thing (adding thicker copper bridge) to the fuses that blew in residents homes. The explanation I was given at the time was that putting a fuse higher than the rating (which is effectively what NEPA boys do by increasing the thickness of the copper wire) allowed current that was supposed to be halted at the NEPA panel to feed through to residents houses and in turn blow our fuses and for some of us who had in turn had their fuse capacity increased with the adding thicker copper wire method, blow equipment in the house. Since the actual proper fuse for the street NEPA box was installed and the fuses in our homes derated to the proper rating, we’ve not had the problem of excess current feeding into residents houses or fuses blowing.

Please correct me if I am wrong but something tells me the problem is not the rating of 63 A fuse or maybe the fuse was defective or poor quality. The idea of a breaker is to stop current above its rating going through. Sounds to me the 63A fuse was defective because it is not supposed to allow any current above 63 to pass through. I am not saying it is wrong, I am not an electrician and by knowledge does not go beyond the basics I learnt in school, I am trying to understand the science behind putting in a higher rating fuse.

From my layman’s understanding even if the breaker was not the right capacity for your system , it should still have just done it’s job and tripped not cause a fire. Looks to me like on the day, you had a NEPA surge and the breaker failed to do its job whether it was undersized or not. If a surge has not happened since, then putting in a higher rate breaker may seem to have cured the problem but that also may be only because you have not had a reoccurrence of what caused the surge. But if my thought process is right, going by the experience on my street, if you have a reoccurrence, your higher capacity breaker is only going to allow more current to pass through. If it was a defective breaker and the new one is of the same manufacturer and quality, what says it will work especially now it will allow even higher current before it’s break point?

This is like a having a small boat with a hole in it that can carry few passengers that sinks and then replacing it with a bigger boat that can carry more passengers but also has a hole in it, they are both going to sink if placed in the right circumstances, the only difference is having a bigger boat allows you to have more passengers on board to drown.

Nice for you to call my attention to this incident. This issue happened when I had a single Unit 16KW Deye Inverter. I would itemize my responses.

1. Those HIMEL breakers came with the Inverter, and they worked perfectly well. I made a comparison with the ones I later bought by myself and noticed that in fact these 2 that shipped with the inverter are original.

2. The AC-In breaker did not cause the fire. As a matter of fact, it did its job perfectly, if you look at the picture again, you will notice that it tripped, preventing further damage.

3. The issue was caused by the HAGER changeover between the AC-IN Breaker and the AC-IN Current Limiter. The Hager switch I suspect must have overheated and caught fire eventually.

4. THE MAIN CAUSE AS I INVESTIGATED: This 16KW DEYE Inverter had 290A Charging power. The night before I ramped up the charging rate from 120A to 240A because I added another battery (15KW Felicity) and the Datasheet shows that battery needs 120A charging rate and if you have X number of the batteries you should use X*120A setting on your inverter.

5. There was no grid at the time when I did this change. So early in the morning when the grid came and battery started charging, kids’ school preparing also started, Kitchen Cooker unit and Water Heater kicked on, Two Children's Water Heaters Kicked on, and the Overall Amperage on the AC-IN circuit ramped Up to around 72A which sat there for about five minutes or so, The HAGER Switch had gathered heat I guess and started melting. The HIMEL Breaker shut down, but the switch continued to melt internally and eventually inflamed.

6. Results from N0.5 above was gotten from my Smart Energy Meter I has Installed after NEPA Meter. So, I replaced the AC-IN Breaker because I saw that my AC-IN Current ramped above 63A just before the issue. My choice of 125A was that DEYE in the Inverter User manual recommended a 200A Grid Breaker. The reason why the Inverter was shipped with a 63A breaker remained a mystery to me.

7. The exposed wires from the ferrules were due to the heat that resulted from the fire.

8. I can beat my chest about my Screw contact torque and tell you It wasn't the case at all. People find it difficult to loosen bolts, nuts, screws, etc., that I tighten because I torque to specification and most people lac appropriate torque tools.

I hope I have been able to clear the doubts here.

mctfopt:


Our best brains keeps leaving. Very soon the only Doctor that'll be left in Nigeria is Dr Agnes

You mean only Native Doctors abi?

swagifted:
i have seen 70million naira solar setups for 5 bedroom duplex. Unlimited electricity is sweet.

I swear

swagifted:
imagine wetin this guy de produce.
Four inverters, 3 victrons and 1 fronius... Lithium battery from BYD, since i took this picture 2 more units of BYD 15kwh have been added... Carries central AC that supplies cooling for 2 living rooms, dining and 3 bedrooms... Other parts of the house has split AC's.... Like this control room.

Yes oooo, that's more like it. This is a nice setup you got there. I wonder how some people will think that we are here to compete on who produces what amount of solar.
Those BYD batteries dey enter my eye ooo. Kudos bro.