₦airaland Forum

EmeeNaka:
It will be better if you give example to substantiate your analysis.

The post will be too long

zero8zero:
In other words;
Hausa/fulani-- offensive mentality.
Igbo--- Victim Mentality.
Yoruba-- defensive mentality.
Truth is mine*

True

zero8zero:
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That's not the appropriate description. Hausa - Conservative, Igbo - Republican, Yoruba - progressive

coptic:
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Did you read the post with open mind? I don't think so. If you do, you would have seen where I described the Yoruba proverb that describe their kind of ways. Akoko le eleyoro lo, ka to fi abo ba adiye, meaning, let's send the outsiders away before coming to address our error. Ofcourse, after others had been sent off, the attention is turned on themselves.

Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo's political orientation by Abdulrazaq O Hamzat For some times now, I have been carefully reviewing approaches of these 3 groups, in the manner they respond to governance and political situations in the country. There is something unique I discovered, but please, don't take the post personal, it's just my opinion based on my review of the 3 major tribes actions over the years. Here we go : 1. Hausa/North : Hausa here represented the North and I shall use them interchangeably. North are not seeking sympathy, neither are they seeking for praise. They do not unreasonably accuse other regions to put them in the defense, neither do they respond ferociously to accusations against them. They believe in the Yoruba proverb that says, '' akoko le eleyoro lo, ka to fi abo ba adiye'', meaning, we have to send the outsiders away before coming back to focus on our error. They preach unity among themselves, emphasizing that no matter what you do as a northerner, other regions can't like you as much as the North. Therefore, you hold north a duty to protect it's interest, not because of the North itself, but because of yourself. They position the north, as a northerners guarantor of political solidarity and personal security. If anything happens in the country, irrespective of who is responsible, they hardly point accusing fingers, they just take position to articulate an interest without minding what other regions do. For example, if something that is involving northerners happen, they reach out to each other and hold a meeting, in which they will appraise the situation. In their tink tank deliberation, they identify the issues , locate what went wrong, point out the responsible actors and how to move on. In the course of identifying those responsible, they will make it clear to themselves, this is what what went wrong. Here, our people are guilty, there Yoruba's are guilty and here Igbo people are guilty. But they will keep it to themselves. What they will simply do is take a position and stand on that position. It is this position that they communicate to their followers, which is often used in debate and other public communication. The more you are involved in Northern politics, the more you imbibe this skills. Check out all northern student union and youth groups, this is how they operate too. It's the northern way. This is our interest, we don't care who is guilty before now, let's focus on the ball, not finding fault. Even the most uneducated northerner conscience of the political happenings in the country have been sensitized to hold this view. 2. Igbo /East : The Igbos are very good communicators and mostly employ the use of confrontational communication. They do not find content in keeping their cool, when things are going wrong. They believe in challenge. When things are going wrong, they reach out to each other and appraise the situation. In their tink tank appraisal of issues, they identify the problems , what went wrong and those responsible. However, while they identify Igbo people are responsible here, Hausa responsible there and Yoruba here, they down play the areas of Igbo responsibility, laying more emphasis on where other regions are responsible. But they hardly take any cogent position, or articulate an area of collective interest. In addition, Igbo do not preach the kind of Hausa unity or demand the loyalty. They are more individualistic. After their tink tank engagement, they communicate to their followers, down playing the culpability of the Igbos in the problem, emphasizing more on the role of other regions. While the leaders themselves may not go about blaming other regions entirely for the problems, that's what their communication experts do along with the followers. The leaders remain silent, and the followers voices become the known one. They blame everyone, except themselves, making other regions wonder if they are deliberately distorting facts. Considering the fact that every party involved often do contribute in one way or the other, their actions are taken in bad faith. 3. Yoruba / West : The Yoruba's have another way of approaching issues. While they are as confrontational as the Igbo's in term of communication, they also have the strategic approach of the Hausa's, which invariably help them maintain certain kind of balance. If there are issues in the country, Yoruba's get together to appraise the issues. In their tink tank deliberation, they identify the problems, those responsible and apportion blames appropriately. They tell themselves we are responsible here, Igbos are at fault here and Hausa's are guilty there. But this wouldn't go out to the public. Like the Hausa's, Yoruba do not take the blame, and like the Igbos, they point out what went wrong. Rather than come out to take responsibility for there parts of the blame or blame other regions for theirs, Yoruba will simply maintain that every one contributed to the problem and there is no need to blame any region. They often advocate a joint problem solving approach.

Why don't you point out the area you consider inaccurate ?

Sunni Vs Shia and the trouble with Islam
Abdulrazaq O Hamzat

The conflict between Sunni and Shia is deeply rooted and intractable, it has existed for almost 1400 years. The divide was traced to 632 A.D, when Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) died and a debate emerged about who should be his successor.

One group (which eventually became the Shiites) felt that the Prophet’s successor should be someone in his bloodline, particularly his cousin Ali, while the other group (which became the Sunnis) felt that a pious individual and companion of the Prophet, Abubakar should lead. At the end, leadership position was passed to Abubakar by the majority, but Ali didn’t pledge his allegiance. It took him over 6 months to do so and when he eventually did, the followers were already divided.

Why they differ on who should lead
The group that eventually became Shia claimed that the Prophet had anointed Ali to be his successor before his death, but the other group said it’s not true. Additionally, while Ali is Prophet’s cousin, he is also the husband of his only surviving child, Fatima. Abubakar on the other hand is not just the Prophet’s trusted companion; he is also father of one of Prophet’s wife, Aisha.
After the death of Abubakar, leadership was passed to next trusted companion Umar, and then to Uthman, before it eventually came to Ali’s turn when Uthman was martyred by those who felt he was not ruling well, some of whom were Ali’s supporters.

Let it be clear however that, while Ali openly disagreed with Uthman on certain policies and appointments, he wasn’t aware of any conspiracy against him. As a matter of fact, when Information leaked about certain conspiracy to kill Uthman, Ali sent 2 of his children to join those guarding the leader, but somehow, the plotters succeeded. The community eventually came together to persuade Ali to lead and he accepted, after several rejection.

Uthman's Family versus Ali's Family
When Ali took charge, he reportedly reshuffled the cabinet and other group felt alienated. A group led by Uthman's cousin, Muawiyah whom Ali had tried to replace as Governor of Syria formed opposition and successfully overran Ali's newly appointed Governors. The Muslim community was divided. One led by Ali and the other by Muawiyah. After several mediation, negotiation was done and Ali accepted the verdict to the displeasure of some section of his own followers. In the crisis that ensured between his own camp, Ali was assassinated by Khawarij (breakaway), and his son Hassan negotiated a peace treaty with Muawiyah.

After Hassan and Muawiyah died, Hassan's brother, Hussaine refused to pledge allegiance to Muawiyah's son, Yazid who took over from his father and this led to another battle. Yazid's army massacred Hussein's small forces on the 10th of Muharram 680 CE and this day was venerated by Shias as the day that marked the irreversible split of Sunni and Shia.

It was simply put this way, ‘’the supporters of Ali's family became the Shia, while the followers of Uthman's family along with Muslims who didn't particularly care about who was in charge became Sunni’’.

For the purpose of emphasis, let me also agree with those who maintained that Sunni and Shia divide has nothing to do with religion. The conflict, as it has been argued, is simply about politics and leadership. While Sunnis regarded all 4 successors of Prophet Muhammed, including Ali as rightly guided Caliph, Shias on the other hand regard only Ali as true successor, describing the 3 others as usurpers. Shias often use all sorts of defamatory languages against the others, thereby causing animosity with Sunni.

Modern Conflict, Global politics and U.S influence
According to a report from State University of New York, one hundred years ago, around the time of World War 1, Middle East was carved up in a Franco-British pact called the Sykes-Picot Agreement. But the Europeans had little interest in understanding the religious and ethnic intricacies of the Middle East when they divided up the region. Still, these arbitrary borders became the blueprint for today's maps. The report stated that, Shiites were divided primarily among Iran, Iraq and Lebanon, with Alawites (an off-shoot of Shia Islam) in Syria.

Meanwhile, Sunni Muslims make up the bulk of the population of other countries in the region, with pockets of Shiites scattered among them. As you might expect, problems arise in countries where both sects are vying for power, or one feels oppressed. In Syria, for example, a Sunni majority has been ruled for the last 45 years by a Shia minority, while In Iraq, a Sunni minority ruled over the Shiite majority for decades. After U.S. invasion of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, a Sunni was overthrown, and a Shiite government took over. That government was perceived to be marginalizing Sunnis, and some Sunnis went to form the so-called ISIS. The bitter resentments between Shiite-led government and Sunni communities have contributed to victories by ISIS.

To understand the conflict better, know that Al Qaeda and ISIS are Sunni Muslim groups, While Hezbollah is Shiite. Osama bins Laden, Saddam Hussain are Sunni. Syrian President Bashar al-Assad is Shia. And Iran is Shiites, which explain why Iran gotten involved in conflict in Syria.

Traditionally, reports have it that U.S.'s strongest allies in the Middle East have been Sunni powers, like Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Jordan. But now the U.S. is pursuing a nuclear deal with Shiite Iran, and is working alongside Shiites in Iraq to try to destroy ISIS. However, U.S is still supporting Saudi Arabia, which is currently bombing Iran-backed Shiite rebels in Yemen.

Role of sectarianism in recent crises
Saudi Royal family is Sunni and they control Islam’s holiest cities of Mecca and Medina. In countries being governed by Sunnis, Shia tends to make up the poorest sections of society. They often see themselves as victims of discrimination and oppression.

Sunni extremists frequently denounce Shia as heretics who should be killed. The Iranian revolution of 1979 launched a radical Shia Islamist agenda that was perceived as a challenge to conservative Sunni regimes, particularly in the Gulf. Shia is seeking to lay claim to the holy cities. Iran's policy of supporting Shia militias and parties beyond its borders is to achieve that purpose and it is being matched by Sunni-ruled Gulf states, which strengthened their links to Sunni governments and movements elsewhere.

This is what has been somehow transported to Africa and Nigeria in particular.

TOKE
Toke is a nice girl; she is classier than Kim Kadashian
She is distinctly unique, but her man not like Kanye
Her words is like gold, more valuable than Adekunle’s Gold
Her smiles like water, easily seen like Buhari’s error
Toke doesn’t rap, but consistent like Olamide’s music
Never born in America, but valued her origin like Wale
Don’t get it twisted; Toke is not your everyday girl
She has a white tooth and not shy to show it
Not free with words, too scared to say it

If you need something, ask for her smile, it’s freely given like charity
If you need compliment, don’t expect words, she is too stingy to give it
If heaven falls or disappear from the sky, she is not one to bother
But if earth sinks and is no place to hide, she is there to care

Toke, Omo Iya Nursi, Abere ko ni mofe
As I try to steal your heart, injection is all I see
Even if I can’t stand on my feet, your words is all I need
If I ever fly to the sky, your jet is what I will like to be

Next time you show your white tooth, don’t hide the words within
I won’t beat you with koboko, not like Tuface’s sting
Will treat you so 9ice and feel your Tony’s pain
Even if we fight in public, shall reconcile like Tiwa’s Blees

Lol

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The Village witch by Abdulrazaq O Hamzat When we achieve success, nobody remembers the village witches, but if we suffer slight discomfort or misfortune, it's their fault from the village. We say to ourselves, maybe our village people are after my destiny. Using Yoruba coinage, ''won tele e lati abule '' them dey follow you from village. It's our way of finding scape goat. 100 youths left the village in search of greener pasture in the city. Among them, 10 become wealthy. Extremely wealthy. Nobody praise the village witches for helping those 10 succeed. Shame unto the witches and wizards. 70 become averagely OK. I mean, living a conformable life devoid of extreme hardship, nor so much sufficiency. The village winch, as we often call them are not remembered and thanked for their generosity. The glory, we often say, is to God almighty. Then, the remaining 20 could not find any headway in life due to I'll luck or bad choices. Always moving from one challenges to the other and suddenly, we remember, '' won tele won lati abule '', village winch dey follow them. Come to think about it, If you do not give the village winch credit for those who succeeded, how can you blame them for those who do not? This wrong frame of mind had led many into abandoning their home town under the guise of running away from some imaginary enemy. Some have abandoned their parents, friends and families for life. They are scared of village witches. I have met a lot of young people who have never been to their villages, even though the city they live is less than 4 hours drive to the place. If you ask them, why haven't you been to your village? Our parents didn't take us and we don't know anybody there. What a life. The truth is that, I am angry at religious people. The so called men of Satan hiding under God, plus their legion of gullible followers. Some of them, especially pastors and alfas helped reinforced this evil notion to paint anything village in bad light and alot of gullible people have become victims. My neighbor hasn't been to her village since birth, she is now married with kids. Will she or her children ever know their village? Your guess is as good as mine. It is important to note here that, since you left village, many had died in the village. GOD killed them, not you in the city. If anyone die in the city, people remember, village winch killed them. How can we be so thoughtless? If you hustle and accomplish your mission, God made it so, but if you hustle and things didn't work out, na village winch cause am. Ladies and gentlemen, we must change. This is time for change. Change begin with you. LET'S stop this blackmail against our villages. Because you want to run away from your responsibility, doesn't mean you should tag your village people with all sorts of bad names. Biko, keep your money, don't help anyone back home, but please, stop lying against your village. The wonderful people in your village are not winch, they are created in the image of God. Because you didn't succeed doesn't mean it's their fault. The few evil in villages are not more than those in the cities. There are evil people everywhere and no matter where you go, they can be with you. if you go to some villages today, nobody is living their anymore. Some families do not even have one person at home. Cracked and empty buildings everywhere. They all ran to the city in fear of village winch. Now that you are all in the city, who is that village winch still holding your destiny? The same people you are running away from, are also running away from you. Both of you are your own witches. Change

Lol

Medical

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Hire, why the quote?

Only PhD holders should use Doctor’s title
Abdulrazaq O Hamzat

Doctor is basically a title for teachers or scholars. It was derived from the Latin word doceō (I teach). Ironically, it has been observed that the use of Doctor’s title is confusing in today’s world. For example, if someone is addressed as doctor, one can hardly predict what their profession or qualification is, this is so because in a general sense, there are three (3) majorly recognized bearer of the Doctor’s title in Nigeria. We have the Medical Doctors, Academic doctors (PhD) and honorary Doctors. Although, there are other bearers of Doctors title, but in Nigeria, these are the mostly recognized and used in public space.

Among laymen, the only people mostly recognized as doctors are medical practitioners. As a matter of fact, some laymen do not know there are other kind of doctors, apart from the medical doctors. Recently, I heard of a story in which a man is called doctor in his area. One day, a child suddenly fell sick early in the morning, but rather than rush the child to hospital, the mother ran to the apartment of the doctor hoping for a quick intervention, only for the man to inform her that he is not a medical doctor, but an academic doctor (PhD). The woman was said to be disappointed, as she could not understand what an academic doctor is all about. Later on, she was reported to have said, if you can’t treat an ordinary child, you shouldn’t be answering doctor. To her, a doctor is simply a medical practitioner.

In political circle however, especially among Nigerian governors, most of those addressed as doctors are merely honorary doctorate degree holders. I am of the view that, the title of doctor should be limited to those who rightly deserve to bear the title, while other bearer should seize to use it henceforth.

But real question is, who is a doctor?

As earlier noted, the word "doctor" originally (circa 1300) meant "religious teacher," "adviser," "scholar," or just "teacher." In retrospect , it was discovered that Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning. The word is originally a noun of the Latin verb docēre ‘to teach'. It has been used as an honored academic title for over a century in Europe, where it dates back to the rise of the first Universities, the earliest of which was the University of Bologna. This use spread to the "Americas", through its former European "Colonies", and is now prevalent in most of the world.

The roots of Doctorate can be traced to the "Early church" when the term "doctor" referred to the "Apostles", "Church fathers" and other "Christianity" authorities who taught and interpreted the "Bible". The right to grant a licentia docendi was originally reserved to the "Catholic church" which required the applicant to pass a test, take an Oath of allegiance" and pay a fee. The right to use the title remained a bone of contention between the church authorities and the slowly emancipating universities, but was granted by the "Pope" to the University of Paris" in 1179 where it became a universal license to teach (licentia ubiquie docendi).

It is important to point out that, the earlier contention between the church authorities and universities over who should use the title was put to rest when Pope granted University of Paris the right in 1179 and ever since, it is known exclusively as a title conferred by the Universities.

The Ph.D was originally "Academic degree" granted by "University" to learned individuals, who had achieved the approval of their peers and who had demonstrated a long and productive career in the field of philosophy (in the broad sense of the term, meaning the pursuit of knowledge). The appellation of "Doctor" (from Latin: teacher) was usually awarded only when the individual was in middle age. It indicated a life dedicated to learning, knowledge, and the spread of knowledge.

The Ph.D entered widespread use in the 19th century at "Humboldt University of Berlin" in Berlin as a degree to be granted to someone who had undertaken original research in the sciences or humanities. From there it spread to the United States, arriving at "Yale University in 1861, and then to the "United Kingdom" in 1921. This displaced the existing Doctor of Philosophy degree in some universities; for instance, the D.Phil. (higher doctorate in the faculty of philosophy) at the "University of St Andrews" was discontinued and replaced with the Ph.D. (research doctorate). However, some UK universities such as "Oxford University" and "Sussex University"(and, until recently, "University of York" retain the D.Phil. appellation for their research degrees, as, until recently, did the "University of Waikato" in "New Zealand".

Historically, lawyers in most European countries were addressed with the title of doctor, and countries outside Europe have generally followed the practice of the European country which had policy influence through modernization or colonialization. The first university degrees, starting with the law school of the University of Bologna (or glossators) in the 11th century, were law degrees and doctorates. Degrees in other fields were not granted until the 13th century, but the doctorate continued to be the only degree offered at many of the old universities up until the 20th century. As a result, in many of the southern European countries, including Portugal, Spain and Italy, lawyers have traditionally been addressed as “doctor,”(as well as Macau in China).

Additionally, the doctor’s title was not known to be a title for medical practitioner, until in 1703, when the "University of Glasgow"'s first medical graduate, Samuel Benion, was issued with the "Academic degree" of Doctor of Medicine. That marked the beginning of medical practitioners using the Doctor’s title.

In recent time however, laymen had associated the doctor’s title only to medical practitioners. Apart from laymen, some doctors even feel it is unworthy for none medical practitioners to use the title. Reports of medical doctors feeling dismayed that there are so many academics these days who insist upon being addressed as "doctor," when that title properly belongs to physicians abound. These medical practitioners do not know that from Roman times through the middle Ages until well into the 18th century, the honorific doctor applied only to eminent scholars - e.g., the Four Doctors of the Western Church in the 5th and 6th centuries (Saints Ambrose, Augustine of Hippo, Jerome, and Gregory).
History has it that, jealous of the respect shown to scholars by the title doctor, medical schools in the 18th century (particularly Edinburgh in Scotland) began the practice of addressing their graduates as "doctor." The schools argued that since their graduates generally earned bachelor's degrees before admission to medical studies, they were entitled to the honorific in the same manner as university scholars. In one of life’s great ironies, many uninformed laymen now perceive the medical degree to be more prestigious than the PhD, declaring that people who have earned the latter are “not real doctors.

"Doctor" signifies that an individual has not only gained enough competencies to practice in a teaching field, but has developed enough expertise to instruct others. Incidentally, most UK surgeons drop their title of "Dr" and revert to "Mr" after joining the Royal College of Surgeons. I've read through an online medium of at least one surgeon who reacted quite angrily at being addressed as a mere "Dr", which in such circles, due to a collision between traditional titles and modern medical training, could be unkindly translated as "trainee".

Additionally, the confusion in the use of Doctor’s title is not only in Nigeria, it existed all over the world. In France for example, only medical practitioners can use the Doctor’s title. The mention of Doctor for none medical PhD holders is forbidden, especially in hospitals –even when the type of doctorate is precisely stated. More shocking is the fact that, in some health departments or hospitals in France, PhD holders are not authorized to sign/co-author any article, even if they did all the work and wrote the manuscript; they are mostly retained as ghost writers, whose intellectual work goes to others. But in Poland, doctor is a common degree of education. It is not reserved for medicine.

By convention in most countries, recipients of honorary doctorates do not use the title "Dr" in general correspondence, although in formal correspondence from the university issuing the honorary degree it is normal to address the recipient by the title. However, this social convention, especially in Nigeria, is not always scrupulously observed; notable people often defy social convention and use the honorary prefix.
Furthermore, It has also been argued that, using the title "Dr." based on an honorary doctorate is unethical, but this is prevalent in Nigeria. But let me state that Doctor’s title isn't an honorary title; it's an earned title; an academic degree after much efforts and rigor. It is a title for scholars or teachers, who have acquired enough competence to pass down knowledge.
However, others have equally argued that, whatever one thinks of the merits of an Honorary doctorate, it is not something "claimed" but rather something "awarded" for good reasons or bad.

Finally, let me emphasize that, neither MD's nor PhD's are the original "Doctors", but Doctor of Divinity (DD's). But since Pope granted the right of usage to the University, the right of usage has been transferred to educators, particularly the holders of PhD, which is the highest academic qualification for teachers. For this reason, I believe only PhD holders should use the Dr’s title to put an end to the confusion once and for all. Abdulrazaq O Hamzat is the President of Foundation For Peace Professionals. He resides in Abuja, Nigeria and can be reached on discus4now@gmail.com.

Is it solid star that also submit her nomination to this category? Most critically and commercially adjudged artiste in the year under review. Overall most successful artiste for the year under review.

WIZKID
TIWA SAVAGE
FALZ
YEMI ALADE
OLAMIDE

If your mind sees name as hindrance, obviously, your mind is the problem. You need to do something about your mind

Youths and post Conflict Peace building in Nigeria
Abdulrazaq O Hamzat

In the past 5 years, Nigeria has been at war with insurgents attempting to take over the North East of the country. In this non conventional warfare, thousands had been killed and millions displaced. There is no gain saying that majority of those either prosecuting the warfare on both sides, or affected by it are youths. If youths are the active players in this warfare, we must not forget the fact that, only youths have the capacity to bring the crisis to an ultimate end through appropriate engagement for peace building and post conflict reconstruction.

Beyond the North east crisis, there are other crisis like the Niger Delta militancy, agitation for self determination and other minor ethnic, economic and religious crisis happening in various communities across the country. We need to recognize, encourage and support young peace builders and incorporate their activities into the national agenda of the country. We must also understand that, those with capacity to effectively work for the resolution and eventual peace building are youths. Youths should be encouraged to play its rightful role in shaping its destiny and community.

Young people are highly effective at making impact at the grassroots level. Yet, whilst there are so many youths ready to do their part, or several youth-led initiatives operating across the country to bring about sustainable peace, there is a lack of support from authorities.

Youths are often relegated to secondary players in its own primary responsibility, thereby increasing disconnect. The disconnection between those in authorities and youths has been identified as the major barrier leading to policy failure. While government claims to be working for youth, what youth really need is not a government that will works for them, but a government that will work with them.
In December 2015, United Nations Security Council (UNSC) adopted a ground breaking resolution on Youth, Peace and Security, which for the first time in history, focuses entirely on role of young men and women in peace building and countering violent extremism.

Experts’ opinion concludes that such resolution legitimizes the meaningful involvement of young people in peace and security issues, and that the resolution will accelerate peace consolidation programmes to be embarked upon in post conflict communities.
Youth led organizations abound in the country and with incorporation of this resolution into our national frame work, Nigeria shall be on its way to eliminating youth exclusivity with government, especially on issues of peace and security.

Before the adoption of this very important resolution by UN Security Council, dominant policy discourse around youth has traditionally viewed young people as threats to global peace and security, or occasionally as vulnerable groups to be protected. This is a harmful reduction of the role youth play in conflict and post-conflict settings and several organizations around the world called for a third point of view – a point of view which sees youth as peace builders that deserves to have their efforts recognized and supported. It is this third point of view, which is the most appropriate view about youths that eventually got recognized by the UN Security Council.

Having adopted the resolution at the International level, it was observed that, making this landmark resolution a reality and ensuring it goes beyond the UNSC and mere documents require a genuine political will and a strong ownership by governments, young people and youth organizations. This explains why we must keep the issue at the forefront and always remind government of the need to adopt the resolution in Nigeria. Nigeria is a leading nation on the African continent and an active player in the global stage, there is therefore need, to once again, take our leading role in implementing the land mark resolution, as its effective implementation will create more inclusive and credible peace processes while better protecting young men and women from atrocities in the country.

Five key pillars of action are identified in the resolution, they are as follows: participation, protection, prevention, partnerships and disengagement and reintegration. The Security Council also requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations to carry out a study on young people’s positive contribution to peace processes and conflict resolution, and urges Member States to “increase, as appropriate, their political, financial, technical and logistical support, that take account of the needs and participation of youth in peace efforts, in conflict and post-conflict situations, including those undertaken by relevant entities, funds and programmes, and other relevant bodies and actors at regional and international levels.”

Incorporating this resolution into our national policies shall translate into creating structures to properly document and recognize the impact of youths and youth led organization in our communities, which in turn shall be used to position Nigerian Youths as leaders in global youth peace initiatives under the leadership of the United Nations.

Our focus should be to guarantee a meaningful role for youth in peace building, conflict prevention and conflict resolution and ensure the adoption and gradual implementation of UN Security Council Resolution on youth, peace and security in Nigeria.
UN Security Council Resolution 2250 is a huge step forward in the right direction, recognizing and supporting young people’s contributions to building peace. However, a UN Security Council resolution is not the end of the road. It was advised that, young peace builders around the world must focus their efforts on ensuring that the resolution gets translated into real policies at regional, national and local levels. It is on this basis that the Foundation for Peace Professionals is proposing the adoption of this important resolution, so that it can be translated into real policies in Nigeria. Abdulrazaq O Hamzat is the President of Foundation For Peace Professionals and he resides in Abuja, Nigeria.

My final verdict on the US election It is no longer news that the American voters shall decides who lead them today for another 4 years. The contest is strictly between the racist and indecent Donald Trump and the war monger and criminal Hillary, both unworthy to lead any country, but one of which is destined to lead the United States of America. I agree with Rudolf Ogoo Okonkwo that irrespective of who is elected today, the end of American dominance in the international arena has begun and it's decline assured. In a nutshell, this election signifies the end of US as a super power. The 2016 election exposed many things in America, things nobody thought ever existed. It exposed the deep rooted ignorance among it's population, criminal conspiracy, massive racism, double standards in applying law, deceit from the highest level, poverty and widespread intolerance. The rise and rise of Donald Trump is an eye opener. Many are worried about a candidate like Trump, but Trump didn't emerge out of the Blues, he was a creation of the American Society. There are many like him and as from this point onward, we shall begin to see more people like Trump in every part of America, but more sadly, we shall see those far worse than Trump. Yesterday's poll according to CNN indicates that, Hillary Clinton is leading with 45% to Trump’s 43%, that's within the margin of error. Those 43% are Americans who shared the views and vision of Trump, but they could be more than 43%, probably more than 45%. The old and conservative population are not usually captured in the polls. Trump didn't make them, the American Society did. While some are blaming Mr Trump for promoting such divisive ideas through his campaign, I believe It is not appropriate to put the blame on one man. Trump is merely speaking the mind of those millions and they connected. The society made them for somebody like Trump to use. Additionally, the criminal conspiracy of the political class in protecting Hillary Clinton is even legendary. For the first time in recent years, a candidate under criminal investigation by Fbi was allowed to run for the highest office. I watched with amazement, how the former president, Bill Clinton went to compromise the justice department to let Hillary off the hook in her email scandal back in July with tacit support of the sitting President. Despite repeatedly lying on oath, despite what the Fbi described as recklessly miss handling classified information, etc, she was allowed to scale through, something no ordinary American would be allowed to do. We also saw massive rigging of election, especially during the Democrats primary election. Active connivance between leadership of the party and a particular candidate against the other. We also saw how presidential debate questions were given to a particular candidate ahead of time. What we saw is too many to remember. While the election cannot be predicted, I believe the outcome is irrelevant. This is something to go home with. Virtually every politician of worth in today's America are behind Hillary Clinton. The sitting President, Former Presidents, party leaders, military generals, media, senators, first ladies, musical artists, celebrities etc. They are all campaigning for her to emerge from the word go. However, despite all these figures campaigning for Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump with no known figure behind him is still tightly making a claim to the presidency. If CNN polls still gave Trump 43% to Hillary's 45% one day to election,despite all those campaigning for her, you should know what that means.

Lol