₦airaland Forum

scribble: no he made it free entirely

okpara ugo: Can you stop thinking of poverty for once. Do you ususally dream of eating garri ontop a firewood bed

pro01: The notorious NL Garri Gang are at it again. . .they are always roving from thread to thread venting their frustrations about the skyrocketing price(s) of garri. Maybe they would have been happier to read that Rick Ross went to the Obalende market to buy bags of garri to take with him back to the US.

collins011: abeg help me ask am, any small thing they will mention gary. is that "gary" has become the basis of living?

ukpaku: na the market wen de under bridge close to ije police barack, abi na which one b sura mkt again?

engr j: Hey ur own is just gary, gary gary are u dat hungry?

Kobojunkie: [size=13pt]USE YOUR OWN BRAIN . . . Stop having people tell you what to write and how to write it. Stop having people tell you what to believe and how to believe it about God of the Bible. Read the Bible so you can learn about the God of the Bible for yourself. God gave you a brain of your own. USE IT!! READ THE BIBLE FOR YOURSELF and Stop regurgitating some old nincompoops/dingbats think you should write instead of what is in the Bible. [/size]

Genius100: Only a demented person will take relationship advise from Kobojunkie. There is no doubt in my mind that she either is unmaried or in a terrible relationship. OP, you are best advised to completely ignore anything she writes..

Constitution of The Federation of Nigeria

Mining royalties and rents
 
134. (1) There shall be paid by the Federation to each Region
 
a sum equal to fifty per cent. of-
 
(a) the proceeds of any royalty received by the Federation in
 
respect of any minerals extracted in that Region; and
 
(b) any mining rents derived by the Federation during that year
 
from within that Region.
 
(2) The Federation shall credit to the Distributable Pool Account
 
a sum equal to thirty per cent.
 
(a) the proceeds of any royalty received by the Federation in
 
respect of minerals extracted in any Region; and
 
(b) any mining rents derived by the Federation from within any
 
Region.
 
(3) For the purposes of this section the proceeds of a royalty
 
shall be the amount remaining from the receipts of that royalty after
 
any refunds or other repayments relating to those receipts have been
 
deducted therefrom or allowed for.
 
(4) Parliament may prescribe the periods in relation to which the
 
proceeds of any royalty or mining rents shall be calculated for
 
purposes of this section.
 
(5) In this section "minerals" includes mineral oil.
 
(6) For the purposes of this section the continental shelf of a
 
Region shall be deemed to be part of that Region.
 
Distribution of funds in Distributable Pool Account
 
135. There shall be paid by the Federation to the Regions at the.
 

Page 82

end of each quarter sums equal to the following fractions of the
 
amount standing to the credit of the Distributable Pool Account at
 
that date, that is to say--
 
(a) to Northern Nigeria, forty ninety-fifths;
 
(b) to Western Nigeria, twenty-four ninety-fifths;
 
(c) to Eastern Nigeria, thirty-one ninety-fifths.

Ayee Idris: @Op, you started this forum, stating that your wife is a wonderful and loving woman. So does the fact that she doesn't attend your church, suddenly make her the devil?. Not a christain, so I don't understand the church affiliations thing. But I do know one or two things about marriage. You also said once that your wife said that she would follow you to your church if you accompany her sometimes to hers. Marriage is compromise. Marriage is tolerance. Marriage is understanding. You keep saying she deceived u. Can u honestly say that you have NEVER gone back on your word or changed your mind about something. We are human. We are flawed creatures. As a married couple, you can't both be set in your ways and compromise is not an act exclusive to the wife. You are both christains. Not Catholics or Anglican, both christains. Never forget that.
Bringing up your wife's age was unnecessary and has subjected her to ridicule from people who don't know the first thing about being married. I expected you to have reacted when people were saying degoratory things about a woman you claim to love, but I think that's what you want. Catholic fatherS are supposed to be celibate, so unless you have some real evidence that she is cheating, don't give the immature minds on the forum a chance to insult your wife.

Demdem: Even with all these, what do they have to show for it? The villages are still poor, creeks inhabitable while many of the political class are hopeless Eediots. The so called ex militants are thieves

MNDA can't even do proper followup on east west road, most of nddc contracts are sold even here on nairaland thereby leading to shoddy jobs being done. Local govts are non functional, many of their governors theives.

Oil companies pollute the environment and uses their own selfish and greedy politicians and kings to pollute more. Cowards that can face oil companies and aboki enemies but can't hold their own leaders responsible.

So Mr Yobe governor, the question we all should be asking is, are they better off? Presently writing this from a ND village that has zero infrastructures despite huge resources.

Olodostein: Does Linda Ikeji writes any of her articles on her blog?
Does she have reporters on the ground ?
Is there a likelyhood that it is unfair and bridge of copywrite law to the original authors and newwspapers of these articles to have their content splash on blogs and forums without their consent ?

Research articles and materials in any field are an exception though.

In the Roman Catholic Church an annulment is the procedure, governed by the Church's Canon Law and the Catechism, whereby an ecclesial tribunal determines the sacrament of marriage was invalidly entered into. An annulment determines the Catholic marriage to be void at its inception. A "Declaration of Nullity" is not a legal dissolution of an existing civil marriage, but rather a determination that the sacrament of marriage was not entered into validly.

The Catholic Church affirms in a true marriage, a man and a woman become "one flesh" before the eyes of God. The Church views marriage as a Sacrament validly contracted and entered into by one man and one woman. Various impediments can render an individual unable to contract into sacramental marriage.

For this reason (or for other reasons that render the marriage null and void) the Church, after an examination of the situation by the competent ecclesiastical tribunal, can declare the nullity of a marriage, i.e., that the marriage never existed. In this case the contracting parties are free to marry, provided the natural obligations of a previous union are discharged. - Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1629)[1]

Reasons for Nullity


1) Lack of Canonical Form

Members of the Catholic Church are required to marry in front of a priest (or deacon) of the Church (CCC 1630). If one of the parties is Catholic, but there is a serious reason why the marriage should be celebrated in front of a civil servant or a non-Catholic minister, a dispensation can be granted. If no dispensation was granted and the couple did not observe this law — the marriage is invalid. Because the nullity of this marriage is clear from the circumstances, there is no need for a canonical process to issue a Declaration of Nullity. The correction of this invalidity requires the couple to exchange their consent according to canonical form (commonly called "having the marriage blessed"

2) Impediments


If one of the parties was prohibited from marrying by a diriment impediment, the marriage is invalid. Because these impediments may not be known at all, the marriage is called a putative marriage if at least one of the parties married in good faith.

Diriment impediments include:

a) Being too young (the absolute minimum age is 16 for men, 14 for women, but episcopal conferences can set a higher limit)[2]

b) Antecedent and perpetual impotence (not to be confused with sterility)[3]

c) Ligamen, being already married[4]

d) The situation in which one party is a Catholic and the other has not been baptized (unless a dispensation is granted)[5]

e) The man was ordained to holy orders[6]

f) Either party made a public perpetual vow of chastity in a religious institute[7]

g) Abduction with the intent of marriage (known as raptus), is an impediment as long as the person remains in the kidnapper's power[8]

h) Impediment of Crime, bringing about the death of one's own spouse or the spouse of another, with the intention of marriage[9]

i)Close relationship by blood, called Consanguinity, even if the relationship is only by law[10]

j) Close relationship by marriage, called Affinity[11]

Some of these laws can be relaxed by a dispensation before the ceremony. For example, Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII received a dispensation from the impediment of affinity. The correction of this invalidity after the marriage requires first that the impediment has ceased or has been dispensed, and then a "convalidation" can take place or a sanatio in radice can be granted to make the marriage valid.

Grounds for Nullity

A marriage may be declared invalid because at least one of the two parties was not free to consent to the marriage, or did not fully commit to the marriage.

Grounds for nullity include:

1) Force or grave fear imposed on a person to obtain their consent (canon 1103)

2) The consent was based on a condition or reservation (canon 1102)

3) No intention, when marrying, to contract a lifelong relationship (simulation of consent) (canon 1101§2)

4) The intention, when marrying, never to have children (canon 1101§2)

5) A serious lack of the discretion at consent concerning the essential matrimonial rights and obligations to be given (canon 1095 n.2)

6) Psychological incapacity at consent to fulfill the essential obligations of marriage (canon 1095 n.3)

According to canon 1095 a marriage can be declared null only when consent was given in the presence of some grave lack of discretionary judgment regarding the essential rights and obligations of marriage, or of some real incapacity to assume these essential obligations. Pope Benedict XVI in his address to the Roman Rota in 2009 [12], echoing words of his predecessor John Paul II, has criticized "the exaggerated and almost automatic multiplication of declarations of nullity of marriage in cases of the failure of marriage on the pretext of some immaturity or psychic weakness on the part of the contracting parties". Calling for "the reaffirmation of the innate human capacity for matrimony" , he insisted on the point made in 1987 by John Paul II that "only incapacity and not difficulty in giving consent invalidates a marriage"

Process

Marriages annulled under the Catholic Church are considered as ab initio, meaning that the marriage was invalid from the beginning. Some worry that their children will be considered illegitimate if they get an annulment. However, Canon 1137 of the Code of Canon Law specifically affirms the legitimacy of children born in both valid and putative marriages (objectively invalid, though at least one party celebrated in good faith). Critics point to this as additional evidence that a Catholic annulment is similar to divorce; although civil laws regard the offspring of all marriages as legitimate.

However, there are some significant differences between divorce and annulment. Divorce is concerned merely with the legal effects of marriage. Annulment, however, is also concerned with the reality of whether or not a true marriage was ever formed. This leads to the second difference. At least in most countries, divorce is always possible. However, not all applications for marriage nullity are granted.

An annulment from the Catholic Church is independent from obtaining a civil annulment (or, in some cases, a divorce). Although, before beginning a process before an Ecclesiastical Tribunal — it has to be clear that the marriage cannot be rebuilt. Some countries, such as Italy, allow the annulment process to substitute for the civil act of divorce. In many jurisdictions, some of the grounds the Catholic Church recognizes as sufficient for annulment are not considered grounds for a civil annulment. In such cases, the couple will often need to be divorced by the civil authorities to be able to re-marry in the jurisdiction. Once the Church annuls a marriage it would generally prefer that the marriage be subsequently annulled by the civil courts. However, should this not prove feasible, a civil divorce is acceptable.

If someone has been married previously and the first spouse is still alive, he or she must get a Declaration of Nullity before entering into a marriage in the Catholic Church, even if neither party in the marriage was Catholic (privilege of faith being separate cases). The Catholic Church treats as indissoluble and valid every marriage when it is the first marriage for both parties. However, the Church does not recognise as valid a marriage when one of the parties is Catholic but the marriage was not celebrated before a Catholic minister (unless a dispensation was first obtained).

Canon law presumes all marriages are valid until proven otherwise (canon 1060). Annulment Respondents who want to use Canon Law to defend their marriage against declarations of invalidity have the right to have a competent Advocate assisting them. An Advocate is like a lawyer. Respondents have the right to read the Petition (called Libellus, meaning little book) of the Petitioner. The Petition must describe, in a general way, the facts and proofs that the Petitioner is using as the basis for alleging that parties' marriage is invalid. It is necessary that tribunal judges study the jurisprudence of the Roman Rota, since the Rota is responsible to promote the unity of jurisprudence and, through its own sentences, to be of assistance to lower tribunals (Dignitas Connubii Art. 35, citing Pastor bonus, art.126). Annulment Respondents can use case law from the Roman Rota to support their defense of marriage. Roman Rota decisions are available at Msgr. Cormac Burke's website[14].

In order to obtain a declaration of nullity, the parties must approach a Catholic diocesan tribunal. Most applications for nullity that are heard by the tribunal are granted because one or both of the parties are judged to have given invalid consent. In order to give valid consent, the parties must give it freely. They must have a basic understanding of what they are doing and have given some thought and evaluation to their decision to enter marriage (canon 1095, Code of canon law 1983). They must be capable of fulfilling the promises they make on the wedding day; that is, not suffer from any psychological infirmity (canon 1095) that will prevent them from giving themselves in a partnership of the whole of life that has as its ends the well-being of the parties and the procreation and education of children (canon 1055). They must intend the words that they speak on the wedding day; that is, intend to form a permanent and faithful partnership, open to sexual acts that are procreative (canon 1101). Serious failures in these areas can allow a possible successful application for marriage nullity. There are other reasons that might justify an allegation of invalid consent, such as a serious error concerning the person to whom marriage promises are made (canon 1097), one party being seriously deceived by the other at the time of the wedding (canon 1098) or one of the parties being subjected to force or grave fear without which the marriage would not be occurring (canon 1103).

Church tribunals are courts. As with any court, the person bringing the matter before the judges must prove his or her case. Tribunals will advise applicants as to how they can present the evidence necessary to prove a case. Of course, not every application is successful. The tribunal judges always have the difficult task of distinguishing those unions that were flawed from the outset from those valid marriages that have broken down.

[size=14pt]Sheikh Gumi: Prophet Mohammed, Muslims Have No Enemy Worse Than Boko Haram[/size]

August 14, 2012 - 19:33 — siteadmin

Sheikh Ahmad Gumi

By SaharaReporters, New York

Islamic cleric Sheik Ahmad Abubakar Gumi, whose series of daily Ramadan sermons is gradually drawing to a close, yesterday asserted that members of the Boko Haram sect are the most dangerous enemies of Prophet Mohammed and Muslims in general.

The cleric, who is based in Saudi Arabia, made the statement as he preached yesterday at the Sultan Bello Mosque in Kaduna. He enjoined fellow Islamic clerics to defy any fears and preach against the unjustifiable killings allegedly perpetrated by members of the sect.

One of the clerics at the mosque, who did not want to be named, told a correspondent of SaharaReporters that he was inspired by Mr. Gumi’s courageous message and would follow suit.  

Our source credited Sheik Gumi with warning his audience that there were also criminals carrying out criminal acts in the name of Boko Haram and destroying the image of Muslims. In addition, he reportedly alleged that some elements were recruited by Western powers to fight Islam in Nigeria.

Mr. Gumi added that, if members of Boko Haram were truly behind the bombing and killing of innocent people, then they are enemies of Islam and Muslims in Nigeria. He said there were serious developmental challenges affecting Muslims that need to be addressed rather than carrying out arms and killing people.  

Our source quoted Sheik Gumi as stating, “If it is true that it is Boko Haram, I repeat, anybody that carries a bomb and kills people is wrong. Our malams [teachers] should not be afraid to talk. The issue that anybody who talks about Boko Haram will be killed should be defied. [Some say] that if you talk about the consequences of Boko Haram, they will kill you and [so] the best is to keep mute. If you keep quiet, they have already killed you since you are silent. Show them the right way of practicing Islam, and [do not] allow a few people to be practicing contrary to the laid down rules as enshrined by Allah.”

Sheik Gumi added, “You who have hid are cheating our faith. You are not helping Islam but destroying our Ummah. We have been oppressed and [members of Boko Haram] have come with weapons and bombs attacking our society. Because of this, I state that Prophet Mohammed and his people have no enemies more dangerous than they. If they want true religion and better society they must drop weapons. This is not the time for carrying weapons.

“It is time for us to address our core challenges of development that threaten our existence. Imagine a Muslim woman who, in the course of having a baby, will open her unclothedness before an infidel…and you are here talking about bombs. Food we cannot eat on our own, except rice brought from Thailand. Medicines we get from England.”

The cleric further spoke about the weapons used in the attacks. He asked, “How did a 12-year old boy know how explosive bombs are made or affording it? All the money before us here cannot buy explosive bombs. It is the enemies that are giving them weaponry and they…believe that it was sincerely donated in fighting Allah’s cause. Unknown to them, it is all aimed at destroying Islam.”

Condemning attacks on Christian churches, the cleric asked, “If you attack Church, where people are worshipping, what is the profit and for what purpose? Is it Allah or Prophet that sent you? Is there any Muslim that said you should attack a church? Talk of mosque, they are being used in destroying Islam and may Allah help them to know. Our strength is our unity and the practice of real Islam. And anybody who thinks he will be using force like this, Islam and Ummah have no greater enemy than him.”

The cleric suggested that there are different types of Boko Haram. “There are those using it to destroy Islam, criminals attacking banks in the name of Jihad. There are those using it to attack Muslims in mosques. After attacks you will just see somebody with turban and guns belonging to the West, denting the name of Islam. Because of this we should be careful. There is Boko Haram and some fake ones, pure criminals. The real Boko Haram can be changed with sermon. Our malams should stand up to tell them there is no justification for killings. Don’t be afraid. They are killing Muslims and the infidels we have agreement to live in peace with.”

19naia: My first thought was the same as yours but also sometimes it can come from distant bad winds in the ocean...I Searched on a web site "Latest earthquakes in the world-past 7 days." Just type that into google or so and there is a USGS (united states geological survey) list of all the significant quakes in the world..I checkit every day........The list shows an earthquake in the mid atlantic fault right on same latitude as nigerian coast..It was 5.2 quake aug 17 and is big enough to make small surge to reach lagos and even delta coastal regions.The 1st report was august 18, so maybe it was from august 17 event which took many hours to reach lagos..It is possible that offshore underwater ridges near lagos could have swelled the surge into lagos area....This is not an official report,only my own independant considerations....Be safe you ocean dwelling people and maybe Naija government has been right to remove all the waterfront settlers in lagos..I hope the government will offer alternative resettlement and not just evict them to wander lost....

The Requirements for a Mixed Marriage



"Pastoral experience, which the Catholic Church shares with other religious bodies, confirms the fact that marriages of persons of different beliefs involve special problems related to the continuing religious practice of the concerned persons and to the religious education and formation of the children.



"Pastoral measures to minimize these problems include instruction of a non-Catholic party in essentials of the Catholic faith for purposes of understanding. Desirably, some instruction should also be given to the Catholic party regarding his or her partner's beliefs.



Requirements



"The Catholic party to a mixed marriage is required to declare his (her) intention of continuing practice of the Catholic faith and to promise to do all in his (her) power to share his (her) faith with the children born of the marriage by having them baptized and raised as Catholics. No declarations or promises are required of the non-Catholic party, but he (she) must be informed of the declaration and promise made by the Catholic.



"Notice of the Catholic's declaration and promise is an essential part of the application made to a bishop for (1) permission to marry a baptized non-Catholic or (2) a dispensation to marry an unbaptized non-Catholic.



"A mixed marriage can take place with a Nuptial Mass. (The [U.S.]

bishops' statement [on the subject] added this caution: 'To the extent that Eucharistic sharing is not permitted by the general discipline of the Church, this is to be considered when plans are being made to have the mixed marriage at Mass or not.')



"The ordinary minister at a mixed marriage is an authorized priest or deacon, and the ordinary place is the parish church of the Catholic party. A non-Catholic minister may not only attend the marriage ceremony but may also address, pray with, and bless the couple.



"For appropriate pastoral reasons, a bishop can grant a dispensation from the Catholic form of marriage and can permit the marriage to take place in a non-Catholic church with a non-Catholic minister as the officiating minister. A priest may not only attend such a ceremony but may also address, pray with, and bless the couple.



"'It is not permitted,' however, the [U.S.] bishops' statement declared, 'to have two religious services or to have a single service in which both the Catholic marriage ritual and a non-Catholic marriage ritual are celebrated jointly or successively'"

[size=14pt]The Catholic Church's law concerning marriage.[/size]

1) Marriage between Catholics, or between a Catholic and a non-Catholic, should generally be celebrated before a duly authorised Priest or Deacon and two witnesses. (A marriage between two non-Catholics is not subject to this rule.)

2) In this context a Catholic means anyone baptised in the Catholic Church.

3) A 'mixed marriage' is a marriage between a Catholic and a non-Catholic. The church is prepared to grant a dispensation for such marriages on the following conditions:

A) The catholic must make a sincere promise, normally in writing, to preserve his/her catholic faith and do all in his/her power to have any children who may be born of the marriage baptised and brought up in the catholic church and the non-Catholic must be made aware of this undertaking. If the non-catholic is conscientiously opposed to the Catholic's obligations in this matter, the full situation must be referred to the bishop.

b) The marriage ceremony must take place in the catholic church. For cogent reasons however and with a special dispensation, a catholic can contract a valid marriage with a non-catholic in a non-catholic church.


Note: It is advisable for persons intending to marry to give at least six weeks notice to the parish priest before the date of marriage.

onatisi: from what i can deduce now ,the major thing is getting to know what ppl want to hear or read about and that brings in the traffic.i have been to other forum site and i must confess nl stands out ,other were dry and some sort of complicted i think the simplicity of registering and posting comment nd topics is what is giving nl an edge over others,although i havent seen the blog of linda ikeji.