newafricaken254:
then why are they not replacing it with another 120mm mortar system then dimwit !?

You're far better at fan-girlism.

Frumentum:


You're far better at fan-girlism.

mamako ni malaya

SIGINT variant of Turkey's ANKA indigenous UAV in Syria, antenna farm on the bottom for COMINT (listening for radio comms) and possible ESM antenna in place of EO/IR ball, additional side-mounted arrays most likely for ELINT/ESM functionality

China's new stealth fighter uses powerful materials with geometry not found in nature
Metamaterials can make the J-20 an extra stealthy electromagnetic force.

China's new fighter, the J-20, uses a combination of stealth and datalinks to compete with the best fighters on the planet. Now, state media says the country is also mass-producing metamaterials for the aircraft, which could make it an electromagnetic force.What are metamaterials? In this case, we're talking about composite metals and plastics that use artificial geometry to influence the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, as well as elastic waves and sounds. Some metamaterials built using nanotechnology can also be used as super strength materials. In fact, optical metamaterials have already been used to demonstrate invisibility by 'redirecting' visible light around itself to avoid reflection, hence their frequent reference to the popular fiction of "cloaking" in Star Trek and Harry Potter. (No real-life cloaking shields have yet been demonstrated).The metamaterials on the J-20 are likely to be used for as antennas and absorbers, given that the facility making them specializes in electromagnetic tech. Metamaterial antennas can increase radiated power, resulting in longer-range and more precise radar, as well as powerful jammers and datalinks. In turn, by fine-tuning their structures, metamaterial absorbers can be engineered to absorb specific wavelength ranges, such as those from the radars of enemy fighters and missiles. Such absorbers would likely be put on areas likely to reflect radar waves, such as the edges of canards, weapon bay doors, and engine nozzles.Additionally, metamaterials optimized for infrared radiation can improve the sensitivity of the J-20's infrared sensors for tracking missiles and aircraft. Or, in large enough quantities, metamaterials could reduce the fighter's own infrared signature.

The next generation of Chinese aviation metamaterials could further increase stealth, improve communications, sensors and jamming, and even lighten airframe weight. Yang Wei, the J-20's chief designer, told the People's Daily that China is already laying down the requirements for a sixth-generation follow-up to the J-20. Much as the USAF's envisioned futuristic Penetrating Counter Air platform, too, will likely include much more metamaterials.

link https://www.popsci.com/chinas-new-stealth-fighter-uses-metamaterials#page-2

This locally developed seeker was used in the recent brahmos test.

Russian seeker is a monopulse RF seeker

While DRDO/ECIL seeker is a dual imaging and monopulse RF seeker.

It has X band SAR based imaging capability and monopulse based homing capability.

This allows the drdo seeker the ability to discriminate between targets in a highly cluttered environment both at land and sea.

Chanakya and Chanakya niti - a primer part 1

Kautilya was a proponent of a welfare state but definitely encouraged war for preserving the power of the state. Kautilya's Arthashastra is a book of 'pure' logic, not taking any religious aspect into account. It deals with the various subjects directly and with razor-like sharpness.

The Arthashastra totally contains 5363 Sutras, 15 books, 150 chapters, and 180 Sections. The 15 Books contained in the Arthashastra can be classified in the following manner: Book 1, as a book on 'Fundamentals of Management', Book 2 dealing with 'Economics', Books 3, 4 and 5 on 'Law', Books 6, 7, 8 describes Foreign Policies. Books 9 to 14 concerns subjects on 'War'. The 15th book deals with the methodology and devices used in writing the Arthashastra.

What is interesting to note is that the topic of war is the last subject in Arthashastra.

War is always the last option. However, a war in certain cases is unavoidable, hence, preparation and maintenance of the army, the right moves in the battlefield and warfare strategies all are essential in the defense of a country, subjects which Kautilya tackles with the extrasensory precision.

Chanakya and Chanakya niti - a primer part 2

Kautilya thought that the possession of power and happiness in a state makes a king superior hence a king should always strive to augment his power.

Kautilya propounded that war is natural for a state. He said that "Power is strength and strength changes the minds".

Economic power has helped shape statecraft. This element of power is very flexible. This aspect of the power is one which Arthashastra concentrates on and has highlighted 'Artha', the economics of the state in the pursuit of power. The quest for power is driven by the satisfaction of the king and his subjects in all the spheres of material well being and social acceptance. This can be achieved by a progressive and robust economy.

A corollary to this fact is that the economics of a state can be used to progress the influence of the state over international issues and also used to augment thewar waging potential of the state.

Whether a nation has a large or small military, its leadership does understand economics. Economics is a great tool to create conditions for further action or force a nation to change behavior. There are constraints prevalent in the pursuit of sound-economy to further the war waging capability of a state and in turn achieve the power. the resolution of these constraints is the enigma which Kautilya unraveled through Arthashastra.

Chanakya and Chanakya niti - a primer part 3

Kautilya presents that for a King to attain these three goals he must create wealth, have armies and should conquer the kingdoms and enlarge the size of his state. This is quite interesting because he in a way does believe that a state's superiority is in its military and economic might which is what later philosophers and rulers have followed. In the case of war, Kautilya advocates the King to be closely involved in the science of war.

Classifications of War.
Kautilya advocated three types of war:
Open war,
Concealed war,
and the Silent War.

In Open-war he describes as the war fought between states, concealed war as one which is similar to guerrilla war and Silent war which is fought on a continued basis inside the kingdom so that the power of the King does not get diluted.

He believed that there were three types of kings who go into warfare and it is important to understand the distinction between the types of kings and the appropriate warfare strategy to be selected.

Kautilya propounded that state is not considered a massive entity but as one which combines various internal constituents – the king, the fortified city , the countryside, the treasury and the army. The power with which a state can promote its own interests over other states in the neighborhood depends on how close to ideal the internal constituents are.

The four devices Kautilya used for deriving practical advice were: relative power, deviations from the ideal, classification by the type of motivation and the influence of the unpredictable. This is the core what Arthashastra addresses as the endeavor is to resolve all the constraints that arise in the quest of the state to gain ascendancy and enhance its power.

Chanakya and Chanakya niti - a primer part 4

Warfighting tactics. Kautilya was also very harsh in narrating the exact methods of fighting a war and use of various tools to reduce the strength of a state. Kautilya wrote in detail explaining the war strategy because he was a strong proponent of social structure.

He vehemently defends the state and believes that religion and morals are supposed to serve the state. In Kautilya's concept of war, chivalry does not have any place and he is a realist.

Kautilya in his Arthashastra states that war is a means to an end for wealth and stability. He provided the understanding to resolve all the constraints which emerge to achieve the ends.

Kautilya has argued that the primary constraint that a state faces is the economic constraints and many a war has been lost for want of resources. The Arthashastra has guided the king in eliminating the constraints, primarily the economic constraints in the furtherance of its interests. The use of economic strength as a means of states' power has also been highlighted by Kautilya.

Kautilya also took the societal structure and King's power as given and never challenged it. His focus was not on war per-se but on the strategy and tactics of war which elaborates in his work. In describing his opinion on war, he has been very right in saying that a state which seeks power is in war all the time and economy is the most definitive aspect which governs the quest of the state for power.

Chanakya and Chanakya niti - a primer part 5

Saptanga Theory which has been mentioned in Arthashastra includes all the seven organs of the state which has been separately elaborated among the various volumes of Arthashastra. It explains the role of the king who has been treated as the life of the state and who shall be the defender of Dharma, who is supposed to be Dharmic, enthusiastic, powerful, aggressive, decisive, fearless and free from self-indulgence.

The Mauryan era of ancient India gave the world a significant treatise, the Arthashastra of Kautilya. It offers deep insights into political statecraft. Kautilya is known as the Indian Machiavelli because of his ruthless and shrewd tactics and policies reflecting an approach to statecraft including warfare.

The state of ‘nature’ is imagined to be one of total anarchy, in which ‘might be right’.When people were oppressed by Matsya Nyaya, the law of the fish, according to which the bigger fish swallows the smaller ones they selected Manu– son of Vivasvat the king.

It was settled that the king should receive one-sixth of the grain and one-tenth of merchandise and gold, as his due. It was the revenue which made it possible for the king to ensure the security and prosperity of his subjects. People agreed to pay taxes and he ruled by one person in order that they might be able to enjoy well-being and security. In Kautilya’s Arthashastra, there is no explicit theory of social contract as laid down by the contractualist. Neither does Kautilya use the contract to make the king all powerful.

Elements of State

Kautilya enumerated seven prakritis or essential organs of the state. They are as follow
Swami (The Ruler)
Amatya (The Minister)
Janapada (The Population)
Durga (The Fortified Capital)
Kosha (The Treasury)
Danda (The Army)
Mitra (Ally and Friend)

Swami(The Ruler)

It is the first and the most important element. Swami means the monarch. He should be a native of the soil and born in a noble family. He should be brave and well learned. He makes all the important appointments and supervises the government. He has to be virtuous and should treat his subjects like his own children. Kautilya has given extensive powers to the monarch but those powers are meant for the welfare of the subjects. In the welfare and happiness of his subjects, lies his own happiness.

Amatya (The Minister)

It refers to the council of ministers as well as the supporting officials and subordinate staffs. They are meant for assisting the monarch in a day to day affairs of the state. Amatya gives suggestions to the king, collects taxes, develops new villages and cities, ensures the defense of the state and all other tasks as assigned by the king.

Janpada (The Population)

It refers to territory and people of the state. The territory of the state should be fertile and should have an abundance of forest, rivers, mountains, minerals, wildlife etc. It should have a good climate. People should be loyal to their king, hard-working, disciplined, religious, ready to fight for their motherland, should pay taxes regularly and happily.

Durga (The Fortified Capital)

It refers to forts. The state should have a sufficient number of forts across its territory at strategic locations for ensuring defense against foreign invasions. Forts should be built near hills/mountains, deserts, dense forests and big water bodies. The garrison soldiers, store food grains for emergency and also serve as a hideout for the king when his life in danger.

Kosha(The Treasury)

This means treasury of the state. Finance is the life blood of any state without which it is almost impossible to run it. Money is needed for paying salaries, building new infrastructure, etc. The treasury should be full of money and valuable metals and gems. It can be increased through taxation and plundering enemy states in war.

Danda(The Army)

It refers to the military. The state should have a regular, large, disciplined and well-trained military. It is crucial for the security of the state. The soldiers should be recruited from those families which are traditionally associated with the military. The soldiers should be paid well and their families should be taken care of in a most suitable way. Proper training and equipment should be made available. Well fed and well-trained soldiers can win any battle. The king should take care of the soldiers and the soldiers will be ready to sacrifice even their life for him.

Mitra (Ally and Friend)

It refers to friends of the king. The monarch should maintain a friendly relationship with traditional friends of his forefathers. He should also make new friendships. He should send gifts and other pleasantries for his friends. They should be helped in times of emergency. They should be loyal. Friends add to the power of the state. They are also important from foreign trade viewpoint.

Chanakya and Chanakya niti - a primer part 6


Role of king

Kautilya gives extensive powers to the kings and attaches an element of divinity. His foremost duty is the protection of the subjects and their property.

King’s sources of power revolving around three sources–
Prabhu Shakti (the power of the army and the treasury), Manta Shakti (advice of wise men, especially the council of ministers)
and Utsah Shakti (charisma).

Duties of Kings Kautilya’s Arthashastra does not believe in the ‘Theory of Divine’ origin of the Monarch. According to him, the state is a human institution and it should be manned by a human being. So, the king should be the protector of the dharma of whole society.

Arthashastra pointed out duties of kings are:
Should follow his Rajya dharma.
Should exhibit attributes, i.e. Atma Vrata (self-control)
Should ease the six enemies
Kama (lust),
Krodha (anger),
Lobh (greed),
Mana (vanity),
Mada (haughtiness),
and Harsh (overjoy)

System of Law

Although Kautilya’s state theory states the monarchical democracy, the sole authority vested under the king to make law and that it derived from four sources Dharma (sacred law), Vyavhara (evidence), Charita (history and custom) and Rajasasana (edicts of the king).

Arthashastra represents a system of civil, criminal and mercantile law. For instance, the following were codified a procedure for interrogation, torture, trial, the rights of the accused, Constitution of permissible evidence, a procedure for autopsy in case of death in suspicious circumstances, Constitution of (deformation) and procedure for claiming damages, invalid and invalid contract.

Chanakya and Chanakya niti - a primer part 7

The machinery of Government

The Arthashastra catalogs a phalanx of officers called superintendents, lower in importance than the ministerial officers and much below them, belonging to the sixth order, according to remuneration. They are not heads of departments. The superintendents might be as chiefs of sections dealing with various economic and other activities of the government. Most of these sections are the modern business departments. A dual control is exercised over the superintendents. As far as control of the services of the personal and collection of revenue are concerned, they are under the Collector-General.

Chanakya and Chanakya niti - a primer conclusion

Who is Chanakya / Kautilya ?

In his recent book, World Order, Henry Kissinger refers to the ancient Indian treatise, the Arthashastra, as a work that lays out the requirements of power, which is the “dominant reality” in politics.

For Kissinger, the Arthashastra contained a realist vision of politics long before the Prince, which Kissinger deems “a combination of Machiavelli and Clausewitz.”

Meanwhile, the German sociologist Max Weber once called it “truly radical ‘Machiavellianism’ . . . compared to it, Machiavelli’s The Prince is harmless.”

The Arthashastra is authored by Kautilya (“crooked”)

Kautilya was the pen name of the ancient Indian minister Chanakya.

Chanakya was the minister to Chandragupta Maurya, founder of the Mauryan Empire, which emerged in an environment resembling a Westphalian Europe of many states that encompassed most of present day South Asia.

In his role as minister, Chanakya was said to have played a leading role in assembling and administering this large empire. In the Arthashastra, he compiles his observations of statecraft based on this experience.

The underlying basis of the Arthashastra’s prescriptions is the notion that reasons of state justify various actions and policies regardless of ethical norms, a view shared by Machiavelli’s The Prince.

Pragmatism and utility are thus of key importance to Kautilya.

For example, the Arthashastra suggests that a king ought to fake divine miracles at state temples, so as to increase his revenue from pilgrimages.

This is despite the fact that Kautilya himself was a Brahmin.

Some of the Arthashastra’s most timeless observations are on international relations and foreign policy, found mostly in books seven, eleven, and twelve.

Kautilya lays out a theory of the international system called the “circle of states,” or rajamandala. According to this theory, hostile states are those that border the ruler’s state, forming a circle around it. In turn, states that surround this set of hostile states form another circle around the circle of hostile states. This second circle of states can be considered the natural allies of the ruler’s state against the hostile states that lie between them. Put more succinctly, “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.”

the Arthashastra describes six methods of foreign policy, all of which are designed to enhance the power of one’s state relative to other states and, if possible, to conquer or dominate them. These six methods are interdependent but can variously be used as the circumstances dictate.

1. Making Peace (samdhi). Kautilya describes this method as one in which a state enters into an agreement with specific conditions for a period of time. This method is to be used when a state is in relative decline compared to other states.For example, the states that fought against Napoleon entered into various coalitions in order to defeat him. However, this did not necessarily entail cooperation after Waterloo. The Western allies and the Soviet Union likewise entered into an agreement to defeat Nazi Germany, but their partnership dissolved after that goal was achieved.

2. Waging War (vigraha). This strategy occurs when a state is more powerful than another state and can defeat it through military strength, strategy, tactics, or internal conditions in the enemy’s country. Countless examples of this abound throughout human history.

3. Doing Nothing (asana). This method is used when there is nothing to be gained from either waging war or establishing a treaty with another state. It could also be a state of prolonged waiting in order to take into account the circumstances at hand before making a policy decision. Consider, for example, Japan’s alleged period of isolation during the Tokugawa Era. While often described as a period of isolation, Japanese rulers during this time observed the changing world order around them and determined it was best to not get actively involved in hostilities or treaties with foreign powers during this time.

4. Preparing for War (yana). This method requires building up one’s forces. This could entail intimidating the enemy or forcing them to use resources in order to build up their own forces. However, if not done right, mobilization and preparation of war could lead to the ruin of one’s own country. American military build-ups during the 1980s hurt the Soviet economy. Germany relatively rapid mobilization during World War I compared to the speed of France and Russia’s mobilization gave Germany an initial advantage on the battlefield.

5. Seeking Protection (samsraya). This strategy essentially entails bandwagoning with a stronger state for one’s own security. Various small states in Europe, for example, derive security from allying with the United States.

6. Dual Policy/Alliances (dvaidhibhava). This strategy deals with multiple states at once, by binding some together with one’s own state in an alliance to fight enemy states.For example, a British alliance with France and Russia before the First World War allowed it to stave off hostilities with these states while containing Germany.

Chanakya lived between 370-283 BCE , he was a king maker and author of Arthashastra , Chanakya Neeti and Chanakya sutra .

Funny thing is Chanakya was a poor brahmin , he was asking for alms as Brahmins r supposed to do , when a king insulted him. Enraged at this he promised he would destroy the king and his kingdom.

He found a poor but capable boy, groomed and guided him for his revenge, later the boy became the king known as Vikramaditya and wiped out the Greeks in the process from India.

And unfortunately last 400 years only idiots were born in India well mostly.

I always felt India needed was totalitarian rule (governance only) due to non homogeneous composition and China should have been a democracy because of homogeneous composition.

Chinese r overwhelmingly Hans therefore no problem, but India has hundreds of groups and therefore very difficult to manage the interests of all of them.

China L-15 Trainer jet

China J-10B Jet

End of March,PLAN FAC 22 Type Eastern Fleet exercise

Twenty years ago, the first prototype of J-10 made its maiden flight successfully.

The Z-19 attack helicopter assembly line

Naval exercise of the China PLAN Eastern Fleet

One of a few photos on the J-10B fighter's static tests

Departure of one of the Chinese space control vessels " Yuan Wang 6" to south of the Pacific Ocean, for the Beidou navigation system double launch mission to be held at the end of March.

newafricaken254:
they are better than african leaders who loot billions and trillions and deposit them in foreign banks and buying property abroad

Be specific! Who do you have in mind? Btw,have you seen the ongoing pedophile and ritual human sacrifice stories involving Western leaders? Do you know pizzagate was real?
Here are MSM allegations against Ed Heath.

Wiltshire police investigated allegations of sex attacks made by 40 individuals against Edward Heath and concluded that, had the former prime minister still been alive, seven were serious enough to merit questioning him under caution.

The earliest allegation dates back to 1956 when Heath was an up-and-coming backbench MP; the last to 1992 by which time he would have been one of the best-known political figures in Britain, albeit one whose premiership ended in 1974.

Of the seven alleged offences deemed most credible by police, the victims were five boys and two men. The first is said to have taken place in 1961, when Heath allegedly raped and indecently assaulted an 11-year-old boy during what police said was a paid sexual encounter at a private home in London.

https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/oct/05/ted-heath-would-have-been-questioned-under-caution-over-sex-assault-allegations

Group of women who say they were abused by Sir Edward Heath also claim their parents ran a satanic sex cult that was involved in SIXTEEN child murders

They say that the cult regularly slaughtered children as ritual sacrifices in church
The woman claim that the former prime minister was part of a paedophile ring
If the allegations are true it would make the cult the worst child murderers in British history


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4240690/Sir-Edward-Heath-accusers-claim-parents-ran-sex-cult.html#ixzz5AnwA3CYb
Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook

Newafricaken254,if only you knew the people who really misrule our world. Putin was right when he called them 'Satan worshippers.' In Africa we're incompetent,greedy and often callous but rarely if ever evil. Apart from Anglo Zionist frontmen like Kagame,have you seen his murder rate in the DRC?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=us00_VWOqzo

saudi patriot missiles goes haywire after launch and another explode mid air,during today houthi ballistic missile attack

 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txzyLiOl4rs

 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lduMrY5ILGI

 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxMJE9gCWhc

The Pakistani JF 17s attending exercise gulfshied in KSA have aerial refueling probes

https://twitter.com/mbks15/status/978244723096907776

turkish Aselsan precision guidance kits (HGK)

Line drawing from tender document of Rudra M-III hypersonic air launched ballistic missile , DRDOs analogue to Russian krinzel hypersonic air launched ballistic missile

ISRO nanosat ejection system. Interesting given the possibility of the use of a modified version of this system to launch multiple killer nanosats to destroy enemy satellites.

most probably they will develop a mobile launcher in the lines of under development isro SSLV to deploy killer nanosats at short notice .

Portable ATC for use in ALG combined with Transportable Comms Suite for ALGs allows IAF to set up necessary infrastructure in support of operations as per needs even in remote ALGs with any prior established support systems for air field operations.

ALG = advance landing grounds , landing strips with non existent support facilities close to border

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLS84RI6EyI