₦airaland Forum

One of the greatest musician of all time. We'll continue to celebrate you Abami Eda.

Ageing is not lost youth but a new stage of opportunity and strength. May your days be long ma.

Kriss216:
One of the advantages of 4.20, it makes you retain your self esteem as a man.

You be OG

DDDEnterprises:
There's a huge likelihood that the first guy will still fvck you again cause you just made it clear that when you're around him, you lose your senses and despite realising that, you don't want to let him go and end your friendship with him.

Man, that guy kinda has luck oo. Anytime, he needs free sex, he can just walk up to you into your room and since you don't have sense around him, you'll just open legs like toll gate and allow him entry.

I'm envious of that guy ehn...

You sef want free kpekus

We shall know them by their demand for urgent 2k. In fact, Nigerian girls are all useless.

Urgent 2k crew

It seems your girlfriend is still young and being committed to a relationship would be the least thing on her mind. The OP shouldn't blame his girlfriend because she hasn't yet complete her olosho(promiscuity) phase, which is normal among our ladies. I'd advice you sit her down and talk sense into her. If changes doesn't occur after then, ditch her for good.

My 2cents

From neck massage to pussy massage. Una well done.

A leopard cannot change its spots.

Majority of them are gluttonous in nature and lowlife bitches forming posh.

I'm not surprised because the traits of begging is in their genes.

Nigeria is fast becoming a slaughter house. So many bad news all over nation. The greed for money are turning our youths to ritualist, thieves, fraudsters just to mention few.

Lamanii22:
Yes.... I never wanted to marry someone with much education.... I always love to be more educated than my husband... I'd rather he is into business....

What's your aim with you being educated than your husband? I'd love to know.

Education is important but not a yardstick to happiness and success

Some girls body count no be here. The Power of p***y is amazing.

Dem don dey set formation. No be new thing, politicians have turn political appointment to chieftaincy lineage, they're ready to die there by replacing themselves with their protégé also known as puppet.

08166111585

She's creating awareness of her product, no doubt.

Chairman comment readers association of Nairaland is here

Naija policemen craze no be small

Extramarital sex is sweet but a deathtrap. Let those who have ears hear.

The dude is a definition of sexiness.

The Department of State Services has paraded 11 men and a woman arrested after a fierce battle with Sunday Adeniyi Adeyemo alias Igboho in Ibadan, Oyo State in the early hours of today.

The operatives recovered a cache of arms and also took the suspects to Abuja while Igboho escaped.

They were paraded this night by the Public Relations Officer of the DSS, Dr. Peter Afunanya.
https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/dss-parades-12-allies-of-sunday-igboho-arrested-in-night-raid-as-igboho-escapes-as-fierce-gun-battle/

FatherCHRISTMAS:
I didn't know antibiotics was a pregnancy prevention drug we learn everyday

She actually meant contraception pills

Those fallen heroes, I guess.

[b][/b]yeah

[byeah][/b]

One puff one draw frees the mind

This one is chasing clout

What is albinism?
Albinism is a rare group of genetic disorders that cause the skin, hair, or eyes to have little or no color. Albinism is also associated with vision problems. According to the National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation, about 1 in 18,000 to 20,000 people in the United States have a form of albinism.


What are the types of albinism?
Different gene defects characterize the numerous types of albinism. Types of albinism include:

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA)
OCA affects the skin, hair, and eyes. There are several subtypes of OCA:

OCA1

OCA1 is due to a defect in the tyrosinase enzyme. There are two subtypes of OCA1:

.OCA1a. People with OCA1a have a complete absence of melanin. This is the pigment that gives skin, eyes, and hair their coloring. People with this subtype have white hair, very pale skin, and light eyes.

.OCA1b. People with OCA1b produce some melanin. They have light-colored skin, hair, and eyes. Their coloring may increase as they age.

OCA2

OCA2 is less severe than OCA1. It’s due to a defect in the OCA2 gene that results in reduced melanin production. People with OCA2 are born with light coloring and skin. Their hair may be yellow, blond, or light brown. OCA2 is most common in people of African descent and Native Americans.

OCA3

OCA3 is a defect in the TYRP1 gene. It usually affects people with dark skin, particularly Black South Africans. People with OCA3 have reddish-brown skin, reddish hair, and hazel or brown eyes.

OCA4

OCA4 is due to a defect in the SLC45A2 protein. It results in a minimal production of melanin and commonly appears in people of East Asian descent. People with OCA4 have symptoms similar to those in people with OCA2.

Ocular albinism

Ocular albinism is the result of a gene mutation on the X chromosome and occurs almost exclusively in males. This type of albinism only affects the eyes. People with this type have normal hair, skin, and eye coloring, but have no coloring in the retina (the back of the eye).

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome

This syndrome is a rare form of albinism that’s due to a defect in one of eight genes. It produces symptoms similar to OCA. The syndrome occurs with lung, bowel, and bleeding disorders.

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Chediak-Higashi syndrome is another rare form of albinism that’s the result of a defect in the LYST gene. It produces symptoms similar to OCA, but may not affect all areas of the skin. Hair is usually brown or blond with a silvery sheen. The skin is usually creamy white to grayish. People with this syndrome have a defect in the white blood cells, increasing their risk of infections.

Griscelli syndrome

Griscelli syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder. It’s due to a defect in one of three genes. There only have been 60 known casesTrusted Source of this syndrome worldwide since 1978. It occurs with albinism (but may not affect the entire body), immune problems, and neurological problems. Griscelli syndrome usually results in death within the first decade of life.

What causes albinism?

A defect in one of several genes that produce or distribute melanin causes albinism. The defect may result in the absence of melanin production, or a reduced amount of melanin production. The defective gene passes down from both parents to the child and leads to albinism.

Who’s at risk for albinism?

Albinism is an inherited disorder that’s present at birth. Children are at risk of being born with albinism if they have parents with albinism, or parents who carry the gene for albinism.

What are the symptoms of albinism?

People with albinism will have the following symptoms:

.an absence of color in the hair, skin, or eyes
.lighter than normal coloring of the hair, skin, or eyes
.patches of skin that have an absence of color

Albinism occurs with vision problems, which may include:

.strabismus (crossed eyes)
.photophobia (sensitivity to light)
.nystagmus (involuntary rapid eye movements)
.impaired vision or blindness
astigmatism

How is albinism diagnosed?

The most accurate way to diagnose albinism is through genetic testing to detect defective genes related to albinism. Less accurate ways of detecting albinism include an evaluation of symptoms by your doctor or an electroretinogram test. This test measures the response of the light-sensitive cells in the eyes to reveal eye problems associated with albinism.

What are the treatments for albinism?

There’s no cure for albinism. However, treatment can relieve symptoms and prevent sun damage. Treatment may include:

.sunglasses to protect the eyes from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays
.protective clothing and sunscreen to protect the skin from UV rays
.prescription eyeglasses to correct vision problems
.surgery on the muscles of the eyes to correct abnormal eye movements



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Albinism
Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M.D., MPH — Written by Rose Kivi — Updated on September 16, 2018
Types
Causes
Risk factors
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Outlook
What is albinism?
Albinism is a rare group of genetic disorders that cause the skin, hair, or eyes to have little or no color. Albinism is also associated with vision problems. According to the National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation, about 1 in 18,000 to 20,000 people in the United States have a form of albinism.


What are the types of albinism?
Different gene defects characterize the numerous types of albinism. Types of albinism include:

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA)
OCA affects the skin, hair, and eyes. There are several subtypes of OCA:

OCA1
OCA1 is due to a defect in the tyrosinase enzyme. There are two subtypes of OCA1:

OCA1a. People with OCA1a have a complete absence of melanin. This is the pigment that gives skin, eyes, and hair their coloring. People with this subtype have white hair, very pale skin, and light eyes.
OCA1b. People with OCA1b produce some melanin. They have light-colored skin, hair, and eyes. Their coloring may increase as they age.
OCA2
OCA2 is less severe than OCA1. It’s due to a defect in the OCA2 gene that results in reduced melanin production. People with OCA2 are born with light coloring and skin. Their hair may be yellow, blond, or light brown. OCA2 is most common in people of African descent and Native Americans.

OCA3
OCA3 is a defect in the TYRP1 gene. It usually affects people with dark skin, particularly Black South Africans. People with OCA3 have reddish-brown skin, reddish hair, and hazel or brown eyes.

OCA4
OCA4 is due to a defect in the SLC45A2 protein. It results in a minimal production of melanin and commonly appears in people of East Asian descent. People with OCA4 have symptoms similar to those in people with OCA2.

Ocular albinism
Ocular albinism is the result of a gene mutation on the X chromosome and occurs almost exclusively in males. This type of albinism only affects the eyes. People with this type have normal hair, skin, and eye coloring, but have no coloring in the retina (the back of the eye).

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
This syndrome is a rare form of albinism that’s due to a defect in one of eight genes. It produces symptoms similar to OCA. The syndrome occurs with lung, bowel, and bleeding disorders.

Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Chediak-Higashi syndrome is another rare form of albinism that’s the result of a defect in the LYST gene. It produces symptoms similar to OCA, but may not affect all areas of the skin. Hair is usually brown or blond with a silvery sheen. The skin is usually creamy white to grayish. People with this syndrome have a defect in the white blood cells, increasing their risk of infections.

Griscelli syndrome
Griscelli syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder. It’s due to a defect in one of three genes. There only have been 60 known casesTrusted Source of this syndrome worldwide since 1978. It occurs with albinism (but may not affect the entire body), immune problems, and neurological problems. Griscelli syndrome usually results in death within the first decade of life.

What causes albinism?
A defect in one of several genes that produce or distribute melanin causes albinism. The defect may result in the absence of melanin production, or a reduced amount of melanin production. The defective gene passes down from both parents to the child and leads to albinism.


Who’s at risk for albinism?
Albinism is an inherited disorder that’s present at birth. Children are at risk of being born with albinism if they have parents with albinism, or parents who carry the gene for albinism.

What are the symptoms of albinism?
People with albinism will have the following symptoms:

an absence of color in the hair, skin, or eyes
lighter than normal coloring of the hair, skin, or eyes
patches of skin that have an absence of color
Albinism occurs with vision problems, which may include:

strabismus (crossed eyes)
photophobia (sensitivity to light)
nystagmus (involuntary rapid eye movements)
impaired vision or blindness
astigmatism

How is albinism diagnosed?
The most accurate way to diagnose albinism is through genetic testing to detect defective genes related to albinism. Less accurate ways of detecting albinism include an evaluation of symptoms by your doctor or an electroretinogram test. This test measures the response of the light-sensitive cells in the eyes to reveal eye problems associated with albinism.

What are the treatments for albinism?
There’s no cure for albinism. However, treatment can relieve symptoms and prevent sun damage. Treatment may include:

sunglasses to protect the eyes from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays
protective clothing and sunscreen to protect the skin from UV rays
prescription eyeglasses to correct vision problems
surgery on the muscles of the eyes to correct abnormal eye movements

What’s the long-term outlook?

Most forms of albinism don’t affect life span. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, and Griscelli syndrome do affect life span, however. This is because of the health problems associated with the syndromes.

People with albinism may have to limit their outdoor activities because their skin and eyes are sensitive to the sun. UV rays from the sun can cause skin cancer and vision loss in some people with albinism.

https://www.healthline.com/health/albinism

You still never get sense for this 2021