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Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Culture / A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) (33980 Views)
History Of Ikwerre - The Bini Connection / Brief History Of Nnewi / Aro Roots Of Ikwerre, Igbo Identity Crisis By Chidi Osuagwu (2) (3) (4)
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A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Ikwerreboy(m): 1:26pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Chambers Dictionary (William Geddie, ed. 1962) says: “A nation is a body of people marked off by common descent, language, culture, or historical tradition: the people of a tribe.” However, S.O.L. Amadi-Nna (1993) avers that: “A tribe is a group of clans under recognized chiefs and usually claiming common ancestry. Ikwerre can therefore not be a clan but a tribe. The Ikwerres claim a common ancestor. Ikwerre is an independent small tribe.” In the words of K.O. Amadi (1993), “Traditions suggest that Ikwerre is a nickname given to Iwhnuruọhna people…..They have ever since regarded themselves as a distinct group and have happily come a long way in their struggle for self- identity as evidenced by the recognition of their language as one of the Nigerian languages.” Amadi-Nna (1993) added that: “The Ikwerres are a small but distinct tribe. The Ikwerres have distinct linguistic, social and cultural traits and formations that distinguish them from other close neighbouring tribes like the Ijaws and the Ibos. Majority of the Ikwerre settlements have their roots traceable from the old Benin Empire.” Iwhnurọhna people descended from the ancient Bini Kingdom. The name of the grand ancestor is Akalaka. Their relations in Rivers State are Ekpeye and Ogba people. The reigning Oba of Benin when Akalaka, the ancestor of Ihruọha (later called Iwhnurọhna) fled was Oba Ewuare (Ogwaro). Akalaka, a member of the Benin royal family, fled in the 13 th century on allegation of plotting assassination of the Oba. He died in 1462. Iwhnurọhna his third son settled east of the Sombrero River by 1538 AD, as detailed below. Chief N.M.T. Solomon (2004), native of Ikodu Ubie in Ekpeyeland, in his narrative draws heavily from the now authenticated written historical records delivered by various informed sources including “Eketu (Weber) of Ubeta, assumed to have lived for over two hundred (200) years as the oldest man in all Ekpeye, Ogba and Iwhnurọ hna (or Ikwerre), at that time (and) was asked to narrate the history and customs of Ekpeye people” as unfolded in his lifetime. Here is what he said, which has been validated by the accounts of the current generation through responses to our questionnaires and direct interviews thereby increasing our level of confidence on the data: Ekpeye, born in Benin, was the first of the three sons of Akalaka. While in Ndoni, he married a second wife to gain the love and favour of the people. The new wife gave birth to a son, which he named Ogba. Akalaka was still in Ndoni when his first wife, the mother of Ekpeye, gave birth to his third son called Ihruoha (Ikwerre). Similar historical fact by J.N. Olise (1971) averred that: “Akalaka, a member of the Benin royal family, fled with his wife from Benin to Ndoni, a community located close to the River Niger, to save the life of his new born baby (Ekpeye) … While at Ndoni, Akalaka took a second wife. … Akalaka had two sons, Ekpeye – born to him by his Benin wife, and Ogba – born to him by his Ndoni wife. According to F.E. Otuwarikpo (1994): " After the death of Akalaka in 1462 AD, his two sons, Ekpeye and Ogba had conflict, which compelled Ogba, the younger son, to move northwards where he founded Ohiakwo (Obigwe) and settled with his family. Ekpeye who remained at Ula-Ubie had seven sons – Ubie, Akoh, Upata, Igbuduya, Ekpe, Awala and Asa. The last three sons – Ekpe, Awala and Asa – crossed to the other side of Sombreiro River (present day Ikwerreland and settled there since 1538 AD.” He added that: “Ekpe migrated to present day Rumuekpe and spread through Elele (Alimini), Ndele, Rumuji and part of Ibaa. Awala migrated to present day Isiokpo …” Amadi-Nna (1993) also said Akalaka migrated with his half brother called Ochichi from the area of Benin Empire. Ochichi sons were Ele (Omerele, now Elele), Elu (Elumuoha, now Omerelu), Egbe (Egbeda) and Mini (Alimini, Isiokpo). The crucial point here, which is of great importance in tracing the joint origin of the ancestors of the Old Ahoada Division (in the Governor Diete-Spiff administration), is the mention of the number of children that Akalaka had, namely: Ekpeye, Ogba and Ihru ọ ha (Ikwerre). It is noteworthy that the pedigree and name of Ikwerre people, Iwhnurọhna, obviously took its root from this original name – Ihruọha. Chief Solomon therefore establishes a very vital historical link, which has been missing in literature on Ikwerre origin that would assume more significance in the discourses of Ikwerre genealogy in the future – the fact that Akalaka was the direct father of Ihru ọha (Ikwerre). Iwhnurọhna, in Ikwere parlance, means the face of the community (town, city or village). Nigerian colonial history records that the name "Ikwerre" was given by the colonial administration when they wanted to acquire the Rebisi waterfront to build the wharf. Using an Ibo interpreter to talk to the illiterate Rebisi (Port Harcourt) chiefs, they asked them: Would you permit us to use the waterfront to build the wharf for ships to berth? And they answered: A KWERULEM , meaning - "We have agreed." What the white-man was hearing was "Ikwerre," so he recorded it in the official gazette that the IKWERRE PEOPLE have agreed for the colonial administration to build the wharf. And since it was the official record of government, the name Ikwerre became the name of the Iwhnurohna people in all official documentations till date. Similar cases of Anglicization of native names in the Niger Delta region by the colonial administration are Benin for Bini, Okrika for Wakrike, Degema for Udekema, Abonnema for Obonoma, Brass for Gbara sni, Bonny for Ibani, Pepple for Perekule, Ahoada for Ehuda, etc Even so, “… there were dissenting voices, … who believed that Ikwerre origins lay outside Igbo land, … in the Benin Kingdom of old. It is, therefore, obvious that the interminable debate about Ikwerre origins and migrations including the repudiation of the Igbo tradition is not a phenomenon of the post-civil war period. The controversy, as it were, is not necessarily the product of the present political realities wherein groups which hitherto were seen to have cultural affinities now find themselves in different states or administrative systems.” -- K.O. Amadi (1993) The Ogbakor Ikwerre Convention, a cultural organization of Ikwerre people, in a paper presented to the Human Rights Violation Commission headed by Rtd. Justice Chukwudifu Oputa on 10 October 2001, said: “Ikwerre ethnic nationality is not and has never been a sub-group of any other tribe in Nigeria including Ndi-Igbo. There is no doubt that the advent of the British and later regionalization put Ndi-Igbo at the helm of affairs in Eastern Nigeria. This brought Ndi-Igbo into Ikwerre land. In course of time, the Igbo took advantage of their position in the then Eastern Regional Government to grab land in Ikwerre and occupy political positions such as the mayor of Port Harcourt. In the process, Ikwerre along with other minority groups were marginalized and driven to the background.” Professor Godwin Tasie noted that in 1913 the Rt Rev Herbert Tugwell, the Anglican Bishop on the Niger, undertook an experimentation tour of Ikwerre towns and villages assumed to be Ibo-speaking to test the Union Ibo Bible Nso being introduced in Iboland. "Tugwell discovered from the tests he carried out that although the Ikwerre were often regarded as Ibo… the Union Ibo Bible translation, surprisingly, was not easily understood by the Ikwere." This is obviously why Igbo vernacular was compulsorily introduced and taught in all schools in Ikwerreland before the Nigerian Civil War to the assimilation (i.e. destruction) of the Ikwere language. This also obviously led to the Rumuomasi Declaration in 1965. " … in their meeting at Rumuomasi in 1965 the Ikwerre had, under the umbrella of a highly promising new body that was to get the Ikwerre together as a people of new and clearer vision, they had declared themselves as a people of the distinct identity of Ikwerre Ethnic Nationality - not Ibo, not Ijo, not anything else but Ikwerre, Iwhnurọhna. This was the historic Rumuomasi Declaration of 1965 (G.O.M. Tasie, 2000). The full implication is that Ikwere people began to assert themselves forcefully as an ethnic nationality of their own and not Ibos or Ijos, and efforts were made to revert to the original Ikwere names for families, villages, communities and landmarks. For instance, there was the change from Umuola to Rumuola , Umuoro to Rumuoro , Umukrushi to Rumuokwurusi , just to name a few. CHAIRMAN, BOARD OF TRUSTEES IWHNURỌHNA CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION Saturday, 5 February 2011 References: Olise, J.N. (1971) The Peoples of Benin , Oxford University Press Amadi, K.O. (1993) Amadi- Nna,S.O.L. (1993) Otuwarikpo , F.E. (1994) Studies in Ikwerre History and Culture , in Nduka, O. (ed) (1993) Craft Publishing Ltd Studies in Ikwerre History and Culture , in Nduka, O. (ed) (1993) Craft Publishing Ltd The Phonology of Ekpeye: A Descriptive Analysis , unpublished MA Thesis, University of Jos Solomon, N.M.T. (2004) A Short History of Ekpeye People (an excerpt from an upcoming book entitled “THE EKPEYE BOOK – A Comprehensive Guide in the History and Culture of Ekpeye People of the Niger Delta Region in Nigeria” published by Usama Ekpeye USA Inc, Tasie, G.O.M. (2000) Chairman's Opening Remarks at the Maiden Ikwerre Annual Thanksgiving Day, mimeo 2 Likes |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Nobody: 1:39pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
All hail Igwe Ocha, aka Port Harcourt. We are proud of you. |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Nobody: 1:45pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
“Ikwerre ethnic nationality is not and has never been a sub-group of any other tribe in Nigeria including Ndi-Igbo. There is no doubt that the advent of the British and later regionalization put Ndi-Igbo at the helm of affairs in Eastern Nigeria. This brought Ndi-Igbo into Ikwerre land. In course of time, the Igbo took advantage of their position in the then Eastern Regional Government to grab land in Ikwerre and occupy political positions such as the mayor of Port Harcourt. In the process, Ikwerre along with other minority groups were marginalized and driven to the background.” Absolutely correct. Same with Other Ethnic Group in the Niger Delta. Ikwerre bu otu 6 Likes 1 Share |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by WilyWily: 1:48pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Many people are Confused, Confusion na bad thing 2 Likes 1 Share |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Ikengawo: 1:52pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
The most useless people in Nigeria. A disgrace to Igbos. Imagining typing up a useless history just to steal people's houses because you can't build your own. 13 Likes 1 Share |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Nobody: 1:58pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Lolz....LWTMB OOOOOOO The only reasonable man from Ikwerre is Elechi Amadi the rest na Obiakpor ticket touts and miscreants. Cooking up histories here n there to justify stealing and laziness Ikengawo: The most useless people in Nigeria. A disgrace to Igbos. Imagining typing up a useless history just to steal people's houses because you can't build your own. 1 Like |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by size38: 2:06pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Ya, that's the brief history of the Ikwerres( Iwhunruoha people). The Ikwerres dont have any ethnic ties with the Igbos. While the Igbos trace their Origin to Israel which is highly debatable due to skin, hair texture, looks, culture etc. The Ikwerres have their Origin traced to Ancient Benin Kingdom like their brothers in Ekpeye and Ogba. 7 Likes |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Ogonimilitant(m): 2:18pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
These Ikwerres are the most foolish tribe I have ever seen in rivers state. We have told you to pack your luggage a go back to Benin. thats why you guys are supporting APC because of Oshomole. Rivers State belongs to Rivers People. Go and Join your Adams Oshomole like your Brother Amaechi. No wonder APC is In my beloved Rivers State. Yeye Ikwere tribe. GEJ till thy kingdom come. 8 Likes 2 Shares |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by IGBOSON1: 2:22pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Ikengawo: The most useless people in Nigeria. A disgrace to Igbos. Imagining typing up a useless history just to steal people's houses because you can't build your own. ^^^Bros, not everybody is what they claim to be on this site! |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by WilyWily: 2:22pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
size38: Ya, that's the brief history of the Ikwerres( Iwhunruoha people). The Ikwerres dont have any ethnic ties with the Igbos. While the Igbos trace their Origin to Israel which is highly debatable due to skin, hair texture, looks, culture etc. The Ikwerres have their Origin traced to Ancient Benin Kingdom like their brothers in Ekpeye and Ogba.But I want to know why almost every word in Ikwere sound Igbotic and not Benin, how did they managed to lost almost all their Benin Culture, and the history of Igbos shows that they never engaged in imperialist conquest. How did village igbos conquered great Benin (Ikwere)people and renamed them? 11 Likes |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Nobody: 2:25pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
size38: Ya, that's the brief history of the Ikwerres( Iwhunruoha people). The Ikwerres dont have any ethnic ties with the Igbos. While the Igbos trace their Origin to Israel which is highly debatable due to skin, hair texture, looks, culture etc. The Ikwerres have their Origin traced to Ancient Benin Kingdom like their brothers in Ekpeye and Ogba.Jerusalem is quite far from Benin |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Yeske2(m): 2:31pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
I would rather have Efiks and Ibibios as brothers than these backstabbers, why did they beg to join Ohaneze Ndigbo yet they are from Benin? I blame Ohaneze for that sha 2 Likes 1 Share |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Ikwerreboy(m): 2:43pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
WilyWily: This is to tell you how the power of majority can affect the minority. The igbos are greedy and you should 1st put that into consideration. The life of an ikwerre man is very different from that of an igbo man.(I wish you visit port harcourt if you have not to understand this. Even the Ikwerre communities that share boundaries with the igbos have a very different culture and traits. Skin and body stature are totaly different. The igbos really dealt with us the Ikwerre. The Igbos understands highest 20% of every ikwerre language spoken because of our relationship then. I school in abia state as an ikwerre man(From omerelu). when me and my brother speaks they find it very to understand what we are saying. 4 Likes |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Ikwerreboy(m): 2:45pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Yeske2: I would rather have Efiks and Ibibios as brothers than these backstabbers, why did they beg to join Ohaneze Ndigbo yet they are from Benin? I blame Ohaneze for that sha When did they beg.? 1 Like |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by UnknownT: 3:02pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Ikwerreboy:Lets say u schooled in Ngwa land, do u and ur brothers understand them when they speak in Ngwa dialect? 2 Likes |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Nobody: 3:02pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Ikwerreboy:How did the Igbos change your names from osaze, efosa to Amadi, Elechi, Amechi etc, even your surnames there is no traceable benin name that you bear, These Igbo people must be superhuman. God please continue to make me super human. 18 Likes |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Nobody: 3:05pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Ikwerreboy:After all this your rant, walk up to Barr Uche Okwukwu and tell him that his ancestry is benin and see what happens to you. 3 Likes |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by NaijirianKing: 3:55pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Thoughts? |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by NaijirianKing: 3:58pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Interesting. WilyWily: 2 Likes |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Ikwerreboy(m): 4:00pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
UnknownT: Lets say u schooled in Ngwa land, do u and ur brothers understand them when they speak in Ngwa dialect? Have stayed in abia state as a student for 3yrs now. When i first came into abia state i found it vry difficult to understand igbo. things i could understand were: 1. Bia (come) 2. Ego (money) 3. Ofe ( soup) e.t.c But when dey use any of those words to make a sentence i dnt understand. i only understand d single word its self. e.g bia. which i knw is come. |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by UnknownT: 4:05pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Ikwerreboy:U can only understand d central igbo when spoken but never the dialect of your host community 7 Likes 1 Share |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Ikwerreboy(m): 4:24pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Ogonimilitant: These Ikwerres are the most foolish tribe How can we pack and go back to benin when 50% of rivers state are ikwerres, not to talk of our brothers( The ekpeye and the ogba.) The brother's u ogonis have in rivers state today are we the ikwerres. We are accommodating you guys, we marry you guys and we have neva had conflict with you guys like the igbo's, and okrikas. We ikwerres are accommodative, we dont mind were you come from but our only problem are the igbos who have refused to understand that we are not and can never be igbos because we are different from them linguistically, culturally and other wise. The igbos have mistakenly invested in port Harcourt so much and they don't want to loose/fill relax with there investments. but the truth is that dey are big bunch of fools that forgot how the ikwerres refused giving them back there properties after the biafran war to show that we the ikwerres are not igbos and don't want yhe igbos. The nigerian constitution today have forced the we the ikwerre to accommodate the igbos we dnt want to see in our land all in the name of freedom of movement. but only time will tell sha. Niger delta republic will not accommodate the igbos neva. 8 Likes 2 Shares |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Ikwerreboy(m): 4:38pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
. |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Ikwerreboy(m): 4:43pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
UnknownT: U can only understand d central igbo when spoken but never the dialect of your host community Asin? clear me. what do you mean. |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by UnknownT: 4:55pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Ikwerreboy:what u and other ikwerre person understand is central igbo, but once it gets to igbo spoken by different dialects/ igbo groups (eg mbaise, ngwa, nsukka, abakaliki etc) u wont understand it. Dat is d reason some school of thought still insist that ikwerre is a dialect/group of Igbo 2 Likes 1 Share |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Ikwerreboy(m): 5:07pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
UnknownT: what u and other ikwerre person understand is central igbo, but once it gets to igbo spoken by different dialects/ igbo groups (eg mbaise, ngwa, nsukka, abakaliki etc) u wont understand it. Dat is d reason some school of thought still insist that ikwerre is a dialect/group of Igbo You're stupid, what you are saying is that Ikwerre now speaks central igbo or what? why cant imo state igbos understand ikwerre?. 2 Likes 1 Share |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by UnknownT: 5:16pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Ikwerreboy:LOL!!! Its a pity u misunderstood me. What i said is that a school of thought has it that Ikwerre is a dialect of the Igbo Language just like Ngwa, Mbaise, Orlu; Nsukka etc are all dialects of Igbo language. The reason why an Ikwerre man can communicate with an Ngwa man centrally, they will speak and understand each other but once the Ikwerre man speaks Ikwerre, d Ngwa man would find it hard to understand, also once an Ngwa man switches to Ngwa, d Ikwerre man would find it hard to understand too. PS: I think i deserve an apology for u calling me stupid, but i'm not forcing u to. We are just discussing n learning. Mekaa!!!! 3 Likes 1 Share |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by Ikwerreboy(m): 5:58pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
UnknownT: LOL!!! Its a pity u misunderstood me. What i said is that a school of thought has it that Ikwerre is a dialect of the Igbo Language just like Ngwa, Mbaise, Orlu; Nsukka etc are all dialects of Igbo language. The reason why an Ikwerre man can communicate with an Ngwa man centrally, they will speak and understand each other but once the Ikwerre man speaks Ikwerre, d Ngwa man would find it hard to understand, also once an Ngwa man switches to Ngwa, d Ikwerre man would find it hard to understand too. Oh am very sorry for that, i really misunderstood you. but the ikwerres speaks only one language which is the ikwerre language. So telling me if an ikwerre man communicates with an Ngwa man centrally what do you mean? 1 Like |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by UnknownT: 6:11pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
Ikwerreboy:centrally? As in communicate in Igbo. Central Igbo here means d Igbo all d different dialects or groups( ie. Ngwa, Onitsha, Nsukka, Abakaliki even Ikwerre<according to some school of thought> etc) in Igbo use to communicate amongst themselves. I have Ikwerre friends that havent left PH for once but they speak and understand Igbo, but once the Igbo person switches to his dialect, the Ikwerre person doesnt understand. PS: It doesnt happen only to Ikwerre, an Orlu/Nsukka/Abakaliki etc man wouldnt understand an Nsukka/Orlu/Abakaliki etc man when he speaks Nsukka/Orlu/Abakaliki etc 5 Likes |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by emmysoftyou: 8:01pm On Aug 29, 2014 |
UnknownT: centrally? As in communicate in Igbo. Central Igbo here means d Igbo all d different dialects or groups( ie. Ngwa, Onitsha, Nsukka, Abakaliki even Ikwerre<according to some school of thought> etc) in Igbo use to communicate amongst themselves. I have Ikwerre friends that havent left PH for once but they speak and understand Igbo, but once the Igbo person switches to his dialect, the Ikwerre person doesnt understand.broda dalu,u ve spoken d mind of a millions igboman pls leave dat silly ikwerreboy, my example,wen israel located d promise land,there pple there b4 God said they shu dominate,today those pple re call israelite,til date,so man,we ve dominate u,and u cnt change it since u bear our names nd marry our beautifu igbos girls 2 Likes 1 Share |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by WilyWily: 4:18pm On Aug 30, 2014 |
m |
Re: A Brief History Of Ikwerre.(port Harcourt) by e4e5d4d5: 2:44am On Sep 01, 2014 |
@Op . . . .according to some accounts the ikwerre pple have Bini origins and claim to speak a distinct language. . . And I don't doubt that but I want to know, why is it that the language and culture of present day ikwerre is similar to that of igbo. . .. . You don't have Obas but you have Ezes, the council of traditional rulers is known as Ogbako Ikwerre (and in igbo ogbako/nzuko means a gathering/council), some "ikwerre" names r just dilaectical adjustments of igbo names e.g weli (Nwaeli/Nwani), nmerukini (mmeregini) , ndahmerem (nnaemerem) , wopara (Nwaopara), chiburuoma (chidinma) Even the name which you claimed to be the original name of the Ikwerres is actually of igbo root I.e iwhnurohna = ihru o ha = iru ora which in igbo means face/front of the people /community . Again I'm not doubting the ikwerre origin story I just want to know how ikwerre became so heavily influenced with Igbo if they are not of igbo descent. Anyway , what ever the case is I believe a people should have the right to choose whatever identity they like , if the Ikwerre people want a sovereign non-igbo identity, then that's okay. But care should also be taken not to twist historical facts for sentimental reasons. As a port harcourt resident I have to say : Ikwerre meka!!!! Rivers state meka!!!!!! Eli ikwerre bu eli nwere ngwugwu!!!!!!!!!! 5 Likes 1 Share |
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