This is an artist's concept of the metric expansion of space, where space
(including hypothetical non-observable portions of the universe) is represented
at each time by the circular sections. Note on the left the dramatic expansion
(not to scale) occurring in the inflationary epoch, and at the center the
expansion acceleration. The scheme is decorated with WMAP images on the left
and with the representation of stars at the appropriate level of development.
Credit: NASA
(Phys.org) —The universe may have existed forever, according to a new model
that applies quantum correction terms to complement Einstein's theory of
general relativity. The model may also account for dark matter and dark energy,
resolving multiple problems at once.
The widely accepted age of the universe, as estimated by general relativity, is
13.8 billion years. In the beginning, everything in existence is thought to have
occupied a single infinitely dense point, or singularity. Only after this point
began to expand in a "Big Bang" did the universe officially begin.
Although the Big Bang singularity arises directly and unavoidably from the
mathematics of general relativity, some scientists see it as problematic because
the math can explain only what happened immediately after—not at or before—
the singularity.
"The Big Bang singularity is the most serious problem of general relativity
because the laws of physics appear to break down there," Ahmed Farag Ali at
Benha University and the Zewail City of Science and Technology, both in Egypt,
told Phys.org .
Ali and coauthor Saurya Das at the University of Lethbridge in Alberta, Canada,
have shown in a paper published in Physics Letters B that the Big Bang
singularity can be resolved by their new model in which the universe has no
beginning and no end.
Old ideas revisited
The physicists emphasize that their quantum correction terms are not applied
ad hoc in an attempt to specifically eliminate the Big Bang singularity. Their
work is based on ideas by the theoretical physicist David Bohm, who is also
known for his contributions to the philosophy of physics. Starting in the 1950s,
Bohm explored replacing classical geodesics (the shortest path between two
points on a curved surface) with quantum trajectories.
In their paper, Ali and Das applied these Bohmian trajectories to an equation
developed in the 1950s by physicist Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri at Presidency
University in Kolkata, India. Raychaudhuri was also Das's teacher when he was
an undergraduate student of that institution in the '90s.
Using the quantum-corrected Raychaudhuri equation, Ali and Das derived
quantum-corrected Friedmann equations, which describe the expansion and
evolution of universe (including the Big Bang) within the context of general
relativity. Although it's not a true theory of quantum gravity, the model does
contain elements from both quantum theory and general relativity. Ali and Das
also expect their results to hold even if and when a full theory of quantum
gravity is formulated.
No singularities nor dark stuff
In addition to not predicting a Big Bang singularity, the new model does not
predict a "big crunch" singularity, either. In general relativity, one possible fate
of the universe is that it starts to shrink until it collapses in on itself in a big
crunch and becomes an infinitely dense point once again.
Ali and Das explain in their paper that their model avoids singularities because
of a key difference between classical geodesics and Bohmian trajectories.
Classical geodesics eventually cross each other, and the points at which they
converge are singularities. In contrast, Bohmian trajectories never cross each
other, so singularities do not appear in the equations.
In cosmological terms, the scientists explain that the quantum corrections can
be thought of as a cosmological constant term (without the need for dark
energy) and a radiation term. These terms keep the universe at a finite size, and
therefore give it an infinite age. The terms also make predictions that agree
closely with current observations of the cosmological constant and density of
the universe.
New gravity particle
In physical terms, the model describes the universe as being filled with a
quantum fluid. The scientists propose that this fluid might be composed of
gravitons—hypothetical massless particles that mediate the force of gravity. If
they exist, gravitons are thought to play a key role in a theory of quantum
gravity.
In a related paper, Das and another collaborator, Rajat Bhaduri of McMaster
University, Canada, have lent further credence to this model. They show that
gravitons can form a Bose-Einstein condensate (named after Einstein and
another Indian physicist, Satyendranath Bose) at temperatures that were
present in the universe at all epochs.
Motivated by the model's potential to resolve the Big Bang singularity and
account for dark matter and dark energy, the physicists plan to analyze their
model more rigorously in the future. Their future work includes redoing their
study while taking into account small inhomogeneous and anisotropic
perturbations, but they do not expect small perturbations to significantly affect
the results.
"It is satisfying to note that such straightforward corrections can potentially
resolve so many issues at once," Das said.

source: http://m.phys.org/news/2015-02-big-quantum-equation-universe.html

We will have to wait until it is fully established

i think some people already have established it, you can browse more in it anyways.

lamia:
i think some people already have established it, you can browse more in it anyways.

Their work is incomplete, there is still alot of work on there part. Many of us will like to see general relativity destroyed or modified because of some of the limit it posses but I don't see that happening anytime soon.

only time will tell...but i already believe there is a Creator nd life is not just a bag of coincidence

with dis golden age of invetions n technologies n considering how mankind has really evolved,i believe this theory 90%,d other 10% still lies in d unseen

lamia:
only time will tell...but i already believe there is a Creator nd life is not just a bag of coincidence

Quantum mechanics do not seek to prove or disprove God. Infact no scientists choose to do that, even if their work might some times do so. Quantum physics can never replace classical relativity, instead scientists are looking for a way to merge the two.

lamia:
only time will tell...but i already believe there is a Creator nd life is not just a bag of coincidence

so did you create this whole thread just to reassure yourself of that or what?

Teempakguy:
so did you create this whole thread just to reassure yourself of that or what?

Typical religionist there, only expect science to confirm their beliefs.