Succession dispute in Katagum

That Sokoto exercised complete authority over Katagum even after the Kano civil war, is shown by the events arisingfrom Sarki Haji's death in 1896.

The situation was very similar to that of 1909, after the death of the Emir Mohamedu, there being two strongly opposed factions, one in favour of the late chief's brother Abubekr, the other in favour of his son, Abdu Sarkin Shira.

These factions were known as Yusubawa and Tukurawa by analogy with the rival parties at Kano a few years before.

The Magajin Wazirin Sokoto, Bokari, came to give the Sarkin Musselmi's decision, both sides having put forward their own champion.

Abdu was chosen, and, much against his will, the Magaji insisted on his son Mohamedu being given neither Shira nor Azare, it having been decided by Sarkin Musselmi that Sarkin Azare was to be moved to Shira and Sarkin Sokwa to Azare, Abdu had to be content with his son having Sokwa with some towns added.

The two parties nearly came to blows, but were soon reconciled, though one or two of the chief men fled or were expelled, some temporarily, some for good. All the chief men, with the exception of the Waziri, Alkali, Makama, and Barua, had been on the side of the disappointed candidate, but a few had wavered at the end.

A story is told of Abubekr, Kachella Bindiya, that he had proclaimed that he would kill Abdu if he obtained the Sarota.Abdu shortly after his accession called him and told him in a good-humoured way to bring the weapon with which he had intended, or was intending, to kill him.

This was produced, and Abdu, after bantering him, returned him the weapon and added another, besides other presents; after which incident the Kachella became devoted to him till his death.

History of the Katagum Division of Kano Province

J. M. Fremantle, Resident, Northern Nigeria.

Journal of the African Society v.10 1910-11

Interesting thread.

Nassarawa Province

Five Moslem Kingdoms or Emirates were founded early in the nineteenth century :

Keffi circa A.D. 1802 (Originally Katsina Fulani)
Abuja A.D. 1804 (Originally Habe, Kingdom of Zozo)
Lafia Beriberi circa A.D. 1804 (Originally Bornuese)
Jemaan Darroro A.D. 1810 (Originally Cattle Fulani from Kajur)
Nassarawa A.D. 1835 (Originally of the Keffi Fulani)

...
The Emirates of Keffi, Nassarawa, and Jemaa were removed from the Suzerainty of Zaria in 1902, because the Emir's representative, the Magaji, murdered Captain Moloney, the British Resident, and was not arrested and handed over to justice when he fled to Zaria.

* Entrance to Emirs Compound, Keffi circa 1910 -1930 © The Trustees of the British Museum

Notes on Nassarawa Province, Nigeria by Sciortino, J. C

Published 1920

The Emir of Abuja, Sulaimanu Barau 1950

Sulaimanu Barau of the Abu Kwaka ruling house became the 6th Emir of Abuja in 1944.

He previously attended Katsina College for five years, after which he spent 4 years teaching at Keffi and Bida. He left teaching to assist in the administration of the Emirate before becoming Emir.

During his rule he was instrumental in introducing modern customs whilst attempting to permanently record some of the remaining Abuja traditions.

© The University of Birmingham

NB
The Gwarris are the indigenes of Abuja, they are also found in southern kaduna and Niger state. Between 1960 and 1966, the middle Beltanes were not satisfied withe the domination of Hausa fulani, under the leadership of JS Tarka staged riots especially in tiv land. It was the insecurity created by these riots and the operation wetie in western region and imprisonment of Obafemi Awolowo culminated into the military coup of 1966.

Most Gwari (gbagi) who are majority Christians and the indigenes of Abuja will disagree with you. The Moslem settlers obviously were the rulers of the then northern region gazzeted rulers over indigenes without their consent. One of the reasons of the tiv riots of the sixties and other areas of discontent.

Odinigwe Ben Enwonwu on his masterpiece ANYANWU

"My aim was to symbolise our rising nation. I have tried to combine material, crafts, and traditions, to express a conception that is based on womanhood woman, the mother and nourisher of man. In our rising nation, I see the forces embodied in womanhood; the beginning, and then, the development and flowering into the fullest stature of a nation - a people! This sculpture is spiritual in conception, rhythmical in movement, and three dimensional in its architectural setting these qualities are characteristic of the sculpture of my ancestors."

Credit: Anyanwu Awakening:

African Cadets At The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. 1960

Top Row- O/Cadets S Hagai, J.I Obienu, Adade-Takyi, G Hammond, Karugaba, C,C Emelifonwa, I Haruna, G Ally, E.E Ikwue, M Usuman, W Tay.

Middle Row- O/Cadet M.O Johnson, E.K Utuka, R.J.E Ubu, Obada, Owusu, J Agbemenu, M.A Shirreh, Adei, N.A Odarty-Wellington, S.A Ahmed, G Minyila, O. Isong, Osei Boatang

Bottom Row- O/Cadet C.I Anuforo, M. Shuwa, R.M. Mohammed , S/Cadet Cpl E.H.O Chukuka, O/Cadet I. A Abokor, Cdt/Sgts E.M Udeaja, U.J Esuene, S/Cdt/Cpl P.H.S Yarney. S/Cdt S Adegoke, O/Cdts B.A Osei, Cdt/Sgt J.A Kabore, Cdt/Sgt A Bisalla

Emeka Odumegwu Ojukwu infront of Pressmen. Date unknown

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu was a Nigerian military officer and politician who served as the military governor of the Eastern Region of Nigeria in 1966 and the leader of the breakaway Republic of Biafra from 1967 to 1970.

Flora Lugard (nee Shaw)
(1852 - 1929)

Born to an English father and a French mother, Flora Louise Shaw was the fourth of fourteen children. She was a well respected author and political journalist of her time and was very close to the three men most actively involved in British Empire building in Africa: Cecil Rhodes, George Goldie and Frederick Lugard. She played a fairly significant role in the Jameson Raid and Anglo-Boer War of 1849-1900.

In her biography, "The Journalist", her great-niece shares - "There is no question that during this time she suffered depression and even had a nervous breakdown, attributed to the break-up of her longstanding romance with Sir George Goldie who was the founder of the Royal Niger Company. A year later in 1901 Goldie’s closest friend and associate Sir Frederick Lugard who had been corresponding with Flora for a few years and was regarded as one of her closest friends and supporters, proposed to Flora. After a few weeks she agreed on condition that he understood that they were to marry “as friends”. She was then 50 years old. They married on the island of Madeira, from where they sailed to Nigeria, where he was the High Commissioner for the Northern Territories. Her life with Lugard also took her to China, Japan and Hong Kong where he was Governor for five years."

In an essay which first appeared in The Times of London on 8 January 1897 by "Miss Shaw", she suggested the name "Nigeria" for the British Protectorate on the Niger River.

sources:
wikipedia
http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~pvm/HardyBWar/media.html
http://themediaonline.co.za/…/the-life-and-times-of-flora-…/
http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/…/…/wmss/online/blcas/shaw-f.html

Prince John Egambo of Egambo Town, Old Calabar 1898. Publisher: Unknown

Random Text from Old Calabar.

Remi Kabaka and some of his female band members (1980). Source:Lagos weekend

"Remi Kabaka is a Nigerian drummer who has performed with The Rolling Stones, Ginger Baker, Steve Winwood, John Martyn, Hugh Masekela, on Rhythm of the Saints by Paul Simon, Short Cut Draw Blood by Jim Capaldi and on Band on the Run by Paul McCartney. His London-based son, also called Remi Kabaka (Jr.), provided the voice of Russel Hobbs in the virtual band Gorillaz and is a producer in the Damon Albarn-led DRC Music collective and plays percussion in Bobby Womack's Bravest Band, also, he's the founder of the GSS (Gorillaz Sound System) DJ project and is currently touring with it.

Discography
1973: Aiye-Keta (with Steve Winwood, as Third World)[2]
2016 : "Mystic Souls" (with Pascal Nabet Meyer as Jazz Messiah on Soulitude Records)" ~Wikipedia

Governor's Lodge Calabar.
Date : unknown.
Sitting from left, First indigenous inspector general of police Louis Orok Edet in the middle is Dr Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe and the governor of the defunct south eastern state Brigadier Udoakaha Jacob Esuene seated extreme right.
Standing fourth from left is Michael Ani who happened to be the chairman of the federal electoral commission between 1976 - 1979.
Source personal.

The Da Rochas

Left: John Esan, also known as Joao Esan da Rocha. John (Joao) Esan was of Ilesha (Yoruba) extraction. The picture was taken in Brazil in 1870. Sold into slavery at age 10, he bought his freedom at age 30. He returned to Lagos with his wife and son and became a wealthy businessman.

Right: Angelica Louisa Nogueira da Rocha, in photo circa 1870, wife of John (Joao) Esan, with their son Candido da Rocha.

Candido da Rocha was born in Bahia, Brazil on October 3, 1867 and died in 1959 in Lagos. At the time of death, he had twenty descendants. Candido became a major trader of gold, had race horses and luxurious carriages.

The Candido da Rocha Memorial Cup still played for today at the Lagos Polo Club was donated by his grandson Dr. Oladele da Rocha Afodu an ex-Oxford University and ex-Cambridge University Polo player Cup for competition, to be played between the Lagos Polo Club (where he has been a member since 1958) and the Ibadan Polo Club (where he had been a member between 1960 and 1962, when he practiced as a Doctor at the University College Hospital, Ibadan).

Photo: Pierre Verger, Thomas Rock-family collection
Source: The photo and information above were taken from the book: Slaves to the left: Brazilian architecture in Nigeria and the people's republic of Benin / Mariano Carneiro da Cunha, Ed USP. (also at http://bloghistoriacritica..com/…/descendentes-e-ex…)

This is the Water House, photo from the book "Lagos walking tours" by Richard Amman. I was inspired to post it because of the history of the owner, as given to us by Kayode Ogunfeibo in his post. Hes said this:

Joao Esan Da Rocha, his wife, Louisa, and son Candido. Joao Da Rocha, originally from Ilesha, was sold into slavery and taken to Brazil. He bought his freedom, returned to Lagos in 1870 and made a fortune there, first selling water to Lagosians from an artesian well in the grounds of his house known as the "Water House" on Kakawa Street, Lagos.

Photo Undated.

Programme of the Methodist Boys High School(MBHS)Lagos Old Boys Dinner 1963.

Founded in 1878, MBHS is Nigeria's second oldest Secondary School. The Special Guests at the Dinner are eminent Old Boys: Sir Louis Mbanefo- Chief Justice of the Eastern Region, Sir Mobolaji Bank-Anthony Businessman/Philanthropist and Dr Oladele Ajose- Nigeria's first Professor and first Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ife.

photo: personal

Col Oludipe Thomas , James Brown and Lucrezia Modupe Domingo Aka "Dupe Soldier" 1970

She ended up marrying Col Oludipe Thomas and had one child.

She was the first nursing officer to be promoted Brig General (pipped by Gen Sani Abacha (Min Def) and Salihu Ibrahim (Chief of Army Staff)

In pictures Ken Saro-Wiwa and kids.(c.1976). source:BBC

Kenule "Ken" Beeson Saro Wiwa (October 10, 1941 – November 10, 1995) was a Nigerian author, television producer, environmental activist, and winner of the Right Livelihood Award and the Goldman Environmental Prize. Saro-Wiwa was a member of the Ogoni people, an ethnic minority in Nigeria whose homeland, Ogoniland, in the Niger Delta has been targeted for crude oil extraction since the 1950s and which has suffered extreme and unremediated environmental damage from decades of indiscriminate petroleum waste dumping. Initially as spokesperson, and then as President, of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), Saro-Wiwa led a nonviolent campaign against environmental degradation of the land and waters of Ogoniland by the operations of the multinational petroleum industry, especially Shell. He was also an outspoken critic of the Nigerian government, which he viewed as reluctant to enforce environmental regulations on the foreign petroleum companies operating in the area.
At the peak of his non-violent campaign, Saro-Wiwa was arrested, hastily tried by a special military tribunal, and hanged in 1995 by the military government of General Sani Abacha, all on charges widely viewed as entirely politically motivated and completely unfounded. His execution provoked international outrage and resulted in Nigeria's suspension from the Commonwealth of Nations for over three years.

Wikipedia

The legendary Eze Onyeama n'Eke (187?- 1933)

He was one of the greatest and most influential Igbo rulers of all time. He reigned over Eke in Agbajaland in present day Enugu State. He started out as a merchant and became fabulously wealthy. He appointed a Warrant Chief and was well known for his powerful private army - the 'Ogwummiri' who maintained law and order. He helped develop Coal mining in Enugu and influenced the construction of the Enugu- Port Harcourt Rail line. He also facilitated the penetration of Catholicism and Islam into Igboland. He was invited to Buckingham Palace in 1924 during the Empire Expo. In 1933 he committed suicide after getting wind that the Colonials were planning to kidnap and deport him because they were worried about his growing power and influence. One of his sons was the eminent Jurist Charles Dadi Onyeama, Nigeria's first Justice at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague.

(photo: kwenu.com)

Lt Col Godwin Alabi-Isama with Col. Olusegun Obasanjo, his mum and wife Remi at a function in the 70's

source: http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/

Chief Isaac Fola-Alade (1933- ) in 1951

Fola Alade is one of the foremost architects in Nigeria today. Born in Aramoko, Ekiti State, he attended St. Phillip's School Aramoko and Christ's School Ado-Ekiti. In 1961 he graduated from the Nigerian College of Arts & Sciences Zaria(now Ahmadu Bello University) as one of the first four home grown architects. He started work as a Resident architect in the old Western Region and later Lagos City Council. In 1969 he became the first Registrar of the Architects Registration Council(ARCON). He later joined the Federal Civil Service and rose to become Director of Public Buildings. In 1976 he became the first architect to be appointed a Permanent Secretary. He went into private practice in 1979 and is still active till today. His notable projects include: Federal Secretariats in every State, Nigerian Embassies in 11 countries, Satellite Town Lagos, Navy Town Ojo, Remembrance Arcade at Tafawa Balewa Square and NIPSS Kuru. Fola-Alade was awarded an OFR in 1979 and holds several traditional titles including the Maiyegun of Aramoko.

(photo: Remember Whose Son Thou Art- Autobiography of Chief Isaac Fola-Alade)

Ahead: Ilojo Bar (aka Casa do Fernandez) in 1956.

Source: family, and KTravula.com

The Alake of Egbaland and his daughter checking over some of his 50 crowns.

Source: JET, 19may 1955

Kola Ogunmola's Travelling Theatre performing Duro Ladipo's "Oba kò so" in Oshogbo, 1962.

Photo by Nina Fischer-Stephan

Rev. Thomas Birch Freeman (1809-1890)
He was a pioneering British Methodist missionary in West Africa. His mother was English and his father was a freed African slave. He arrived in the Gold Coast(now Ghana) in 1841. In September 1842 he established a mission in Yorubaland, firstly at Badagry where he became the first Missionary to preach Christianity in Nigeria. He later set up Missions at Lagos, and eventually at Abeokuta. Between 1841 and 1880 he set up over 80 schools in West Africa. Today, there is a monument in Badagry marking the site of the Agia Tree where he first preached. A popular Lagos boys secondary school is also named after him.

(portrait by David Grice, 1975)

Africa's richest man in his youth.

Aliko Dangote. c1979

Soldiers of the 3rd Nigerian Regiment of the Royal West African Force stand to attention during a parade on board their ship the S.S. Accra, on their arrival at Plymouth. They have come to attend the coronation of Edward VIII in 1937.

Uniform of The Royal West African Frontier Force: He wears a khaki drill uniform with blue puttees and the khaki pillbox cap that replaced the fez in field dress during the First World War – the fez was retained for dress uniform. Unusually, this askari is wearing boots – most would still have gone barefoot in this period. He is carrying the 1903 bandolier equipment that was standard issue for the KAR for most of the war, consisting of bandolier pouches attached to the waist belt and canvas supporting straps. He also carries additional ammunition in a non-standard cloth webbing bandolier.

CREDIT: (Photo by © Corbis via Getty Images)

Kukawa

But, before leaving Kukawa, we thought it would be politic to pay a visit to the Shehu, or Sultan, of the country.

To give the reader an idea of this man's importance, I might say that he is the paramount ruler [(that is to say, under British control)] over the province of Bornu, which is, roughly speaking, as large as England.
...
; it is really only the British protection that placed him [the Shehu], and now keeps him on his throne.

Before his reign, on the death of his father, he was carried off and made a slave by Rabeh, and still bears the brands of his servitude on his cheeks.

Then Rabeh was finally defeated and killed by the French, who freed our friend and made him Sultan of Dikwa,...

I found out afterwards that he was a man of much kindness of heart, and gave many presents of food and money to the poor.

It was his custom, on coming out of the palace on his way to pray at the mosque, to hear the cry of any subject who was suffering from starvation, sickness, or wrong, and had been fortunate enough to get through the barrier of officials who jealously guarded their master's good heart.

He would take the name of the suppliant and tell him to come and speak to him afterwards, when he would help his case to the best of his powers with money, medicine, or advice, or whatever the unfortunate stood in need of.

Yet he is not popular with all classes of his subjects ; some call his kindness weakness, and the warlike among his chiefs and soldiers compare him unfavourably with his warrior father.

From the Niger to the Nile by Alexander, Boyd

Published 1907

The Mecca Pilgrimage.

The movement which has had and will have a permanent influence upon the anthropological and sociological conditions of the Sudan is the Mecca Pilgrimage of the Moslems.

The Koran teaches that once in a lifetime every good Moslem should visit Mecca, and thus fulfil one of the five conditions which are necessary to secure the way to future bliss.

The usual route taken by such pilgrims from the Central and the West Central Sudan is through the great cities of Northern Nigeria, Sokoto, Kano, Bauchi, Kuka [the capital of Bornu] on Lake Chad, and then by way of Dikoa and Kusseri through Wadai, Dar-fur, and Kordofan to Khartum.

During the various wars in the Sudan this route has been changed at different times.

When Rabba was Sultan of Dikoa, all the caravans passed through his capital, but since Germany has taken possession of Adamawa, and is exacting a toll from all caravans, the pilgrims go round the north end of the lake, that is to say, through French territory, and make their way through Kanem up the Shari Valley to Fort Archambault.

During my stay at Fort Archambault in May and June, 1909, five caravans, numbering from five to 200 people each, passed through the place on their way to Mecca, and this was not the season for travelling.

There can be little doubt that some 10,000 pilgrims are annually on the road from the Central Sudan to the great City of Islam.

* image still from "Journey to Mecca: In the Footsteps of Ibn Battuta" -- www.journeytomecca.co.uk

From Hausaland to Egypt, through the Sudan by Kumm, Hermann Karl Wilhelm

Published 1910

Africa and Oceania (a review)
...
Some five years ago the Berlin collections from British possessions were seven times as large as those in our national museum, and since then their disproportion has not been decreased.

Unless England awakes in no long time to the fact that she is rapidly falling behind in the study of mankind, the [unsophisticated savage] will have disappeared from the face of the globe, and the collection, which can to-day be brought together at the cost of a few thousands a year, will be unobtainable for love or money.

It is not even pure parsimony that allows England to fall behind her continental rivals. Germany, if she sends out an expedition, does not leave to chance the destiny of the objects collected by her servants at public expense.

All ethnographical objects are the property of the Berlin Museum, freight, packing, and cost price, if any, being the only return which the collector can demand; at the same time a traveller is not left in doubt as to what is expected of him.

He receives official instruction as to how many objects of each kind are needed. Duplicates are handed over to other museums on the same terms, and in no case do the collections suffer dispersal or remain in private hands.

In England, on the other hand, from the days of Cook and Beechey to the Benin Expedition of our own time, the men whom the nation pays to perform certain duties are permitted to retain the objects collected in the course of the performance of these duties.

These objects cost them perhaps only a fraction of their selling value, at any rate in such cases as the Benin bronzes, only one-fourth of which finds a home in the national museum of the nation whose blood and treasure[?] purchased them, because the funds at the disposal of the Ethnographical Department did not enable them to compete with more fortunate foreign purchasers.

But this unearned increment the members of British expeditions are permitted to retain, because the British Government is too supine to care whether the national collections are worthy of the greatest colonial empire the World has ever seen.
...

N.W. Thomas

Man : A monthly record of anthropological science

Published 1905.

Mr and Mrs Talbot on an Elephant killed near Oban, South Nigeria

Chiefs and cities of Central Africa, across Lake Chad by way of British, French, and German territories by Macleod, Olive

Published 1912

Alh Baba Shettima was born in Potiskum, Yobe State Nigeria on October 1st 1946. He was educated at Central Primary school, Potiskum from 1953-1959 and Barewa College, Zaria from 1960-1964.
He became a professional photographer in 1965 when he was employed by the former Northern Nigeria Ministry of Information Kaduna. Later, in the 70s he attended a two year professional course in photography at Kitson College of Technology, Leeds and Atlantic School of photography in London.

He retired as the Federal Chief Photographer in 2000 after serving the nation for 35 years.

He is also a member of the Royal Photographic Society.

Colonels Obasanjo and Effiong attending the funeral of James Nzeogwu (father of Chukwuma Nzeogwu) in 1972. Okpanam. Source: Okeleke Nzeogwu.