CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Chronic kidney disease, also called chronic kidney failure, describes the gradual loss of kidney function. Your kidneys filter wastes and excess fluids from your blood, which are then excreted in your urine. When chronic kidney disease reaches an advanced stage, dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes can build up in your body.

In the early stages of chronic kidney disease, you may have few signs or symptoms. Chronic kidney disease may not become apparent until your kidney function is significantly impaired.

Treatment for chronic kidney disease focuses on slowing the progression of the kidney damage, usually by controlling the underlying cause. Chronic kidney disease can progress to end-stage kidney failure, which is fatal without artificial filtering (dialysis) or a kidney transplant.

*SYMPTOMS*
Signs and symptoms of chronic kidney disease develop over time if kidney damage progresses slowly. Signs and symptoms of kidney disease may include:

Nausea.
Vomiting.
Loss of appetite
Fatigue and weakness.
Sleep problems.
Changes in urine output.
Decreased mental sharpness.
Muscle twitches and cramps.
Hiccups.
Swelling of feet and ankles.
Persistent itching.
Chest pain, if fluid builds up around the lining of the heart.
Shortness of breath, if fluid builds up in the lungs.
High blood pressure (hypertension) that's difficult to control.

Signs and symptoms of kidney disease are often nonspecific, meaning they can also be caused by other illnesses. And because your kidneys are highly adaptable and able to compensate for lost function, signs and symptoms may not appear until irreversible damage has occurred.

*When to see a doctor*
Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms of kidney disease.

If you have a medical condition that increases your risk of chronic kidney disease, your doctor is likely to monitor your blood pressure and kidney function with urine and blood tests during regular office visits. Ask your doctor whether these tests are necessary for you.

*CAUSES*
Chronic kidney disease occurs when a disease or condition impairs kidney function, causing kidney damage to worsen over several months or years.

Diseases and conditions that commonly cause chronic kidney disease include:

Type 1 or type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure

Glomerulonephritis (gloe-mer-u-lo-nuh-FRY-tis), an inflammation of the kidney's filtering units (glomeruli)

Interstitial nephritis, an inflammation of the kidney's tubules and surrounding structures
Polycystic kidney disease

Prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, from conditions such as enlarged prostate, kidney stones and some cancers

Vesicoureteral (ves-ih-koe-yoo-REE-ter-ul) reflux, a condition that causes urine to back up into your kidneys

Recurrent kidney infection, also called pyelonephritis (pie-uh-lo-nuh-FRY-tis)

Kidney cases vary
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