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The Natural Environment- Principles and Application of Environmental Impact Assessment- Dr. Benard Omoyeni

The natural environment is man's life support system that must be wisely utilized and protected to ensure sustainability. 
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is designed to evaluate in advance the likely impact of a development project on the environment before such project is implemented. 
It is therefore imperative to study and understand the principles and application of this important environmental concept such that it can be used as a veritable tool for sustainable environmental management.- 

Foreword by Prof. Adeofun Olabinjo
Dean, College of Environmental Resources Management.
Federal University of Agriculture,
Abeokuta, Nigeria

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Professor Adeofun Clement Olabinjo has since 1991 been working in the field of Environmental Management. The accent of his research has been in Environmental Remote Sensing and Geographical System (GIS) applications in solving critical environmental problems. Most recently he participated in a United Nation’s Sponsored Workshop on the applications of Global Navigation Satellite Technologies in Sub-Saharan, Africa.

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The Realities of Environmental Degradation- Principles and Application of EIA by Dr. Benard Omoyeni

Achieving economic growth and securing higher standards of living should not be at the expense of the environment, because the environment is the foundation upon which existence of all forms of life depends, as well as remains the life support system for human continuity.
The realities of environmental degradation, climate change and associated effects can no longer be denied. Global warming issues have generated high global attention and the need to urgently entrench the principles of sustainable development, and practically address the root causes of global warming and climate change.


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Responsibility begins with knowledge and awareness on the impact of some of those actions or inactions regarding environmental protection and waste management

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Understanding the EIA Process/Application

Consequently, EIA proves to be a key instrument used in decisions that promote sustainable growth and development. The understanding of the EIA process and its application provides the platform for its effective use as tool for environmental management and sustainable development.
By 1972, the UN sponsored a conference on human environment in Stockholm, Sweden, and established a governing council for environmental programmes known as the United Nations Environmental Programmes, which provides guidance on assessment of development proposal and supported research on environmental issues.

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Responsibility begins with knowledge and awareness on the impact of some of those actions or inactions regarding environmental protection and waste management

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History of EIA

The USA was the first country to develop a system of Environmental Impact Assessment. The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was constituted in 1969 and for the first time, EIA Policy requiring environmental consideration in large scale projects was enforced into law.
Following the US initiative, several countries began to come up with EIA systems, including Australia (1974), Thailand (1975), France (1976), Philippines (1978), Israel (1981), Pakistan (1983), Nigeria (1992).
Today, EIA is applied in more than 100 countries by governments, development banks and most international Aid agencies.

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Environmental Disasters

This is expected to build consciousness and create sound awareness on the colossal damages of the adverse impacts from human development activities that occur;

1. Minimata Disease: A neurological syndrome, first discovered in Minamata city in Japan, was caused by the release of methyl mercury in the industrial waste water, from 1932 to 1968.

2. Itai- Itai Disease: was the name given to the cadmium poisoning in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, between 1912-1932, following the consumption of cadmium- contaminated seafood and rice.

3. Love Canal Toxic Waste Incident: A site had formerly been used to bury thousands of tons of toxic waste. The construction efforts of housing development, with heavy rainstorms, released the chemical waste, leading to a public health emergency and urban planning scandal. 

4. Bhopal Gas leak tragedy: It occured on December 1984 at the UCIL pesticide plant in Bhopal. The toxic substance made its way in and around the shanty towns near the plant.

5. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: This occured in Alaska on March 24, 1989, when the oil tanker struck a reef and spilled hundreds of thousands of barrels of crude oil over the next few days. It was reported that the dispersant used for the clean-up was toxic.

6. BP oil spill: Following the explosion and sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, a seafloor oil gusher flowed for 87 days releasing an estimated 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the sea. After several failed efforts to contain the flow, the well was declared sealed on 19th September 2010

1, minimata
2. itaiItai
3. love canal
4. bhopal gas tragedy