macphilip:

sorry, there is nothing interesting about this branch of physics that the OP is trying to package for you guys.
It all leads to total abstract physics that you would end up confusing yourself.

butterfly88:
Although this branch of physics is a vast ocean,will want to contribute a drop into it hoping it will enlighten readers and lovers of physics

Want to be brief as possible so lemme start
quick intro
In the early twentieth century sometimes around 1925 a new theory burst into existence. With dizzying, almost meteoric speed, this theory overthrew long-cherished notions about matter that had been held since the time of the Greeks. Almost effortlessly, it vanquished scores of long-standing fundamental problems that had stumped physicists for centuries. What is matter made of? What holds it together? Why does it come in an infinite variety of forms, such as gases, metals, rocks, liquids,
crystals, ceramics, glasses, lightning bolts, stars, and so on?

The new theory was christened quantum mechanics, and gave us the first comprehensive formulation with which to pry open the secrets of the atom. The subatomic world, once a forbidden realm for physicists, now began to spill its secrets into the open.

To understand the speed with which this revolution demolished its rivals, we note that in the early 1920s some scientists still held serious reservations about the existence of "atoms." What couldn't be seen or measured directly in the laboratory, they scoffed, didn't exist. But by 1925 and 1926, Erwin Schrodinger, Werner Heisenberg, and max born had been developed an almost complete mathematical description of the hydrogen atom. With devastating precision, they could now explain nearly all the properties of the hydrogen atom from pure mathematics. By 1930, quantum physicists such as Paul A. M. Dirac were declaring that all of chemistry could be derived from first principles. They even made the brash claim that, given enough time on a calculating machine, they could predict all the chemical properties of matter found in the universe. To them, chemistry would no longer be a fundamental science. From now on, it would be "applied physics"

Fairly rapidly, quantum theory began to give us a comprehensive framework in which to describe the visible universe: The material universe consists of atoms and its constituents. There are about 100 different types of atoms, or elements, out of which we can build all the known forms of matter found on earth and even in outer space. Atoms, in turn, consist of electrons orbiting around nuclei, which in turn are composed of neutrons and protons. In essence, the key differences concepts of quantum theory can now be summarized as follows------**

Oops before that let's give a formal definition of quantum physics

what us quantum physics?
Simply put it is the description of the behaviour of matter and light on an atomic scale(smale scale)---hence the difference between quantum physics and Einstein's relativity

now the key concepts of quantum physicd
1-Forces are created by the exchange of discrete packets of energy, called quanta--meaning ?

In quantum theory light was to be chopped up into tiny pieces. These packets of light were named photons, and they behave very much like point particles. When two electrons bump into each other, they repel each other not because of the curvature of space, but because they exchange a packet of energy, the photon.
The energy of these photon measured in units of something called Planck's constant (6.626 x10*34js)
The almost infinitesimal size of Planck's constant means that quantum theory gives tiny corrections to Newton's laws. These are called quantum corrections, and can be neglected when describing our familiar, macroscopic world. That is why we can, for the most part, forget about quantum theory when describing everyday phenomena. However, when dealing with the microscopic sub-atomic world
these quantum corrections begin to dominate any physical process, accounting for the bizarre, counterintuitive properties of subatomic particles

2Different forces are caused by the exchange of different quanta.

Lemme explain--we have the weak the strong the electromagnetic and gravitation force,and the 2nd theory is trying to explain how this forces are caused. Now this is how they are caused

- weak force, is caused by the exchange of a different type of quantum, called a W particle (W stands for "weak" the strong force holding the protons and neutrons together within the nucleus of the atom is caused by the exchange of subatomic particles called pi mesons

Both W bosons and pi mesons have been seen experimentally in the debris of atom smashers, thereby verifying the fundamental correctness of this approach. And finally, the subnuclear force holding the protons and neutrons and even the pi mesons together are called gluons

In this way, we have a new "unifying principle" for the laws of physics. We can unite the laws of electromagnetism, the weak force, and the strong force by postulating a variety of different quanta that mediate them. Three of the four forces (excluding gravity) are therefore united by quantum theory

OK let's take a short break,,hunger is knocking
3rd and 4th theory on their way..

ZestAri:
Copyright infringement? Ok.

debowale2015:
Nice one OP....Infact, I was static for the few minutes i used to read all through this material.
My observation is around that area where u talked about an "electron in a box".....What i was taught is that tho electron itself is a particle since its exhibit the atomic structure of a matter. Then the phenomenon of the electron being located in a box is called "particle in a box".
Your information here simplifies quantum physics even though we all know that quantum physics is not just as easy to comprehend like that.
Also, tell us also about the Hamiltonians and the perturbation theory.
Am proud to be a physicist!
Well done OP....

butterfly88:
Although this branch of physics is a vast ocean,will want to contribute a drop into it hoping it will enlighten readers and lovers of physics

Want to be brief as possible so lemme start
quick intro
In the early twentieth century sometimes around 1925 a new theory burst into existence. With dizzying, almost meteoric speed, this theory overthrew long-cherished notions about matter that had been held since the time of the Greeks. Almost effortlessly, it vanquished scores of long-standing fundamental problems that had stumped physicists for centuries. What is matter made of? What holds it together? Why does it come in an infinite variety of forms, such as gases, metals, rocks, liquids,
crystals, ceramics, glasses, lightning bolts, stars, and so on?

The new theory was christened quantum mechanics, and gave us the first comprehensive formulation with which to pry open the secrets of the atom. The subatomic world, once a forbidden realm for physicists, now began to spill its secrets into the open.

To understand the speed with which this revolution demolished its rivals, we note that in the early 1920s some scientists still held serious reservations about the existence of "atoms." What couldn't be seen or measured directly in the laboratory, they scoffed, didn't exist. But by 1925 and 1926, Erwin Schrodinger, Werner Heisenberg, and max born had been developed an almost complete mathematical description of the hydrogen atom. With devastating precision, they could now explain nearly all the properties of the hydrogen atom from pure mathematics. By 1930, quantum physicists such as Paul A. M. Dirac were declaring that all of chemistry could be derived from first principles. They even made the brash claim that, given enough time on a calculating machine, they could predict all the chemical properties of matter found in the universe. To them, chemistry would no longer be a fundamental science. From now on, it would be "applied physics"

Fairly rapidly, quantum theory began to give us a comprehensive framework in which to describe the visible universe: The material universe consists of atoms and its constituents. There are about 100 different types of atoms, or elements, out of which we can build all the known forms of matter found on earth and even in outer space. Atoms, in turn, consist of electrons orbiting around nuclei, which in turn are composed of neutrons and protons. In essence, the key differences concepts of quantum theory can now be summarized as follows------**

Oops before that let's give a formal definition of quantum physics

what us quantum physics?
Simply put it is the description of the behaviour of matter and light on an atomic scale(smale scale)---hence the difference between quantum physics and Einstein's relativity

now the key concepts of quantum physicd
1-Forces are created by the exchange of discrete packets of energy, called quanta--meaning ?

In quantum theory light was to be chopped up into tiny pieces. These packets of light were named photons, and they behave very much like point particles. When two electrons bump into each other, they repel each other not because of the curvature of space, but because they exchange a packet of energy, the photon.
The energy of these photon measured in units of something called Planck's constant (6.626 x10*34js)
The almost infinitesimal size of Planck's constant means that quantum theory gives tiny corrections to Newton's laws. These are called quantum corrections, and can be neglected when describing our familiar, macroscopic world. That is why we can, for the most part, forget about quantum theory when describing everyday phenomena. However, when dealing with the microscopic sub-atomic world
these quantum corrections begin to dominate any physical process, accounting for the bizarre, counterintuitive properties of subatomic particles

2Different forces are caused by the exchange of different quanta.

Lemme explain--we have the weak the strong the electromagnetic and gravitation force,and the 2nd theory is trying to explain how this forces are caused. Now this is how they are caused

- weak force, is caused by the exchange of a different type of quantum, called a W particle (W stands for "weak" the strong force holding the protons and neutrons together within the nucleus of the atom is caused by the exchange of subatomic particles called pi mesons

Both W bosons and pi mesons have been seen experimentally in the debris of atom smashers, thereby verifying the fundamental correctness of this approach. And finally, the subnuclear force holding the protons and neutrons and even the pi mesons together are called gluons

In this way, we have a new "unifying principle" for the laws of physics. We can unite the laws of electromagnetism, the weak force, and the strong force by postulating a variety of different quanta that mediate them. Three of the four forces (excluding gravity) are therefore united by quantum theory

OK let's take a short break,,hunger is knocking
3rd and 4th theory on their way..

Phinity318:
Op kindly tell us the practical application of QP

butterfly88:
Although this branch of physics is a vast ocean,will want to contribute a drop into it hoping it will enlighten readers and lovers of physics

Want to be brief as possible so lemme start
quick intro
In the early twentieth century sometimes around 1925 a new theory burst into existence. With dizzying, almost meteoric speed, this theory overthrew long-cherished notions about matter that had been held since the time of the Greeks. Almost effortlessly, it vanquished scores of long-standing fundamental problems that had stumped physicists for centuries. What is matter made of? What holds it together? Why does it come in an infinite variety of forms, such as gases, metals, rocks, liquids,
crystals, ceramics, glasses, lightning bolts, stars, and so on?

The new theory was christened quantum mechanics, and gave us the first comprehensive formulation with which to pry open the secrets of the atom. The subatomic world, once a forbidden realm for physicists, now began to spill its secrets into the open.

To understand the speed with which this revolution demolished its rivals, we note that in the early 1920s some scientists still held serious reservations about the existence of "atoms." What couldn't be seen or measured directly in the laboratory, they scoffed, didn't exist. But by 1925 and 1926, Erwin Schrodinger, Werner Heisenberg, and max born had been developed an almost complete mathematical description of the hydrogen atom. With devastating precision, they could now explain nearly all the properties of the hydrogen atom from pure mathematics. By 1930, quantum physicists such as Paul A. M. Dirac were declaring that all of chemistry could be derived from first principles. They even made the brash claim that, given enough time on a calculating machine, they could predict all the chemical properties of matter found in the universe. To them, chemistry would no longer be a fundamental science. From now on, it would be "applied physics"

Fairly rapidly, quantum theory began to give us a comprehensive framework in which to describe the visible universe: The material universe consists of atoms and its constituents. There are about 100 different types of atoms, or elements, out of which we can build all the known forms of matter found on earth and even in outer space. Atoms, in turn, consist of electrons orbiting around nuclei, which in turn are composed of neutrons and protons. In essence, the key differences concepts of quantum theory can now be summarized as follows------**

Oops before that let's give a formal definition of quantum physics

what us quantum physics?
Simply put it is the description of the behaviour of matter and light on an atomic scale(smale scale)---hence the difference between quantum physics and Einstein's relativity

now the key concepts of quantum physicd
1-Forces are created by the exchange of discrete packets of energy, called quanta--meaning ?

In quantum theory light was to be chopped up into tiny pieces. These packets of light were named photons, and they behave very much like point particles. When two electrons bump into each other, they repel each other not because of the curvature of space, but because they exchange a packet of energy, the photon.
The energy of these photon measured in units of something called Planck's constant (6.626 x10*34js)
The almost infinitesimal size of Planck's constant means that quantum theory gives tiny corrections to Newton's laws. These are called quantum corrections, and can be neglected when describing our familiar, macroscopic world. That is why we can, for the most part, forget about quantum theory when describing everyday phenomena. However, when dealing with the microscopic sub-atomic world
these quantum corrections begin to dominate any physical process, accounting for the bizarre, counterintuitive properties of subatomic particles

2Different forces are caused by the exchange of different quanta.

Lemme explain--we have the weak the strong the electromagnetic and gravitation force,and the 2nd theory is trying to explain how this forces are caused. Now this is how they are caused

- weak force, is caused by the exchange of a different type of quantum, called a W particle (W stands for "weak" the strong force holding the protons and neutrons together within the nucleus of the atom is caused by the exchange of subatomic particles called pi mesons

Both W bosons and pi mesons have been seen experimentally in the debris of atom smashers, thereby verifying the fundamental correctness of this approach. And finally, the subnuclear force holding the protons and neutrons and even the pi mesons together are called gluons

In this way, we have a new "unifying principle" for the laws of physics. We can unite the laws of electromagnetism, the weak force, and the strong force by postulating a variety of different quanta that mediate them. Three of the four forces (excluding gravity) are therefore united by quantum theory

OK let's take a short break,,hunger is knocking
3rd and 4th theory on their way..

AkinPhysicist:
OP most Nairalanders won't understand most of what you have written. For this kind of audience it is enough to just let them know the following:

1. While classical physics deals with the motion/behavior of macroscopic objects, quantum physics deals with the motion/behavior of microscopic/sub-microscopic objects.

2. The laws of classical motion (inertial; force causing acceleration; and equal and opposite reaction) are intuitive as our daily experience confirms their validity. However, the laws of quantum physics are not always intuitive. For example, in the macroscopic world an object cannot occupy more than one positions at the same time, however, in quantum physics an electron can occupy two positions at the same time.

3. To begin an understanding of quantum physics one should first try and understand the wave-particle duality. Basically (it might sound crazy to you) every object is a wave. The reason why you don't see the waves of macroscopic objects is because their wavelength is too small. There is an inverse relation between an objects wavelength and the size of the object. So that is why the electron behaves like a wave under observation but a stone under observation does not.

4. Uncertainty principle should also be understood - but its a more difficult concept.

AkinPhysicist:


Lasers, transistors, GPS, mobile phones just to name a few.

benji93:

I still disagree with the non -deterministic nature of electrons, i can still regard the electron in classical sense, but with the added presence of fields, that emanates from them, by using the word emanation, i dont mean quanta, i mean a presence.I could ascribe the wave-like behaviour of electrons to the the presence and influence of this fields.There is little wave-like behavior on a macroscopic scale because of the insignificant behaviour of this fields(field-mass relationship)In my opinion///// fields of forces exist in pairs,so electromagnetism is bi constitutive,so there is no question of which results into which.again this is my opinion, and i have a theory in mind by this.

Phinity318:

I don't want examples of devices using QP
I mean giv us a dummy guide to testing QP as a DIY. project. u know how dy tell u to run a litmus paper test in chemistry lab.

euromilion:
I have a quick question for you guys here.

Now, if a person was struck by a vehicle moving at the speed of 50kmph the person has 50% chance of surviving,but if a person was struck by vehicle moving at 60kmph the person has 90% chance of dying,why is that?

AkinPhysicist:


In physics a theory is accepted in the field IF it works. So far the wave-particle duality explains experimental observations and so its accepted. Just because you don't like an idea does not make it wrong. Nature, does not take permission from us before it establish its laws.

benji93:

It is accepted because it provides an explanation, but it does not make it absolute.We will accept it as long as we have no other theory that supplants it.the fact that an idea factors in certain certain realities or makes certian predictions does not mean it is true.[/b]You can only say its true if it factors in [b]all relevant predictions.Its like a venn diagram.The intersection of 3 choices is only 1, but the intersection of 2 choices is 3, for example we can have a venn diagram of people who passed chemistry, maths and physics(all students studied all),you can only be termed as absolute, if you passed all 3.but 3 categories of students passed at least 2,there is a reason why those students passed at least 2, we will need to dig deep into their history to understand, some probably cheated to pass, but my venn diagram does not tell you that.So predicting 2 out of 3 could be entirely different from predicting 3 out of 3, they appear similar, or perhaps we might assume that, if at this stage we can predict 2 out of 3, then we are well on track, we will eventually predict all 3.No the track that predicts 2 out of 3, might never predict all 3, i am implying that the path that predicts 3 out of 3, might just have 1 power set.

AkinPhysicist:


1.UNTIL you find an experimental verification of your 'theory' you are just blowing hot smokes.

2. It is 'true' because we have experimentally verified it

3. factor in ALL relevant predictions? A prediction is just that. A prediction. If it not proven by experiments its not worth the paper its written on.

4. If you have an idea that explains more than the wave-particle theory then present it. The problem with the idea you presented is that its un-physical. Physics is a study of the PHYSICAL world. If you present an idea that is un-physical - that idea fails by default. You ascribed an intrinsic electromagnetic field to a non-accelerating electron - there is no such thing.

GodIsBiafran:

AKIN - you are smart o! I thought you were just one useless amala chugging Afonja. Honestly, I am interested in physics and would appreciate if we can put our political disagreement aside once in awhile to discuss this beautiful subject.

AkinPhysicist:

flat-Headmaster you and your useless people will forever worship at the shrine of akpu grubbing and chest beating. No yawa, anytime you wanna discuss physics, let me know.