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Properties / Urgently Needed Apartment by realpower32(m): 2:32am On May 02, 2015
We need urgent apartment for office usage! a two bedroom or 3 bedroom is needed

Features
1- most be available within ikeja, Agidingbi, or Acme road Ogba

2- cant afford anything above N400k

3- must be spacious especially for car park

4- the property must not have more-than three tenants including us.

5- the property must have easy access to the third mainland bridge corridor or Awolowo way Ikeja

6- will appreciate pictures of the property and location

7- property must have water supply and good sewage system

8- preferably a bungalow.


you can call Deejay on 08023804717 or 08101556872
Politics / Re: Thugs Thumb-Printing Ballot Papers For Aregbesola (Video) by realpower32(m): 10:05am On Feb 07, 2015
OGA can you hear yourself. they mentioned Aregbeshola in the audio. listen closely stop being mischievous
vicadex07:
Am sure many fools that have commented before me didn't bother to watch the video.

1. Is it ballot papers that are going to be used for this elections

2. Are the vote not supposed to be collated through electrical means

3. How is the OP certain they are APC members and not PDP?

4. The fact that ballot papers are being used means that this video is old!!!
Career / Re: The Nigerian Engineer And The Oil/Gas Career Mentality by realpower32(m): 8:52am On Oct 24, 2014
Hmmmm Op, I admire your courage, I will tell you something. If you are still in school ; start planning your business and get people to believe in dream. I appreciate your write up.

Besides, I left a Chevron job because I wasnt satisfy with their way of life. Its preditable, risky and monotonous in Nature.

I choose the way of entrepreneurship, I provide power solutions and alternative energy and am satisfied, am happy with your mind set,

May God bless you and inspires you more.

Tombs Up for you.

3 Likes

Phones / Re: Spectranet Is A Fraud by realpower32(m): 1:05am On Oct 18, 2014
Guys it's not a question of if you are not doing something right! SPECTRANET Internet service is a big Scam, i have complained to them several times,change my password often guess what they claim i used up my 20G data less than 5 days of renewing my subscription. as a matter of fact i noticed this cheating of a thing started when they gave us the 4G modem, i have monitored my usage, a system connected, i told them a strange i.p address is using my data, when i traced the i.p address (with Google I.P trace)guess what! its from their office address. i change my plan and yet na same story. embarassed

By his grace am potting tongue to another provided after using them for close to four years now.

And i noticed the newer the better.

so guys am on the same page with you, SPECTANET SERVICE IS A BIG SCAM!!!!!!!!!!! grin grin grin grin grin grin grin grin

1 Like

Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 11:10pm On Jan 08, 2014
It's Available and can be purchased through us. it's rugged but i do not recommend it around lekki environment. it's solar compact-able. the price can be mailed to you once you send us your proper email address. thanks
idsolar: i just saw this thread. this victron inverter are they psw? how rugged is it? where can we get it in nija? how much? especially d 10kva. can it be combine wt solar? i learnt it is frm denmark?
Science/Technology / Re: All your Inverter problems by realpower32(m): 4:56pm On Dec 09, 2013
You need to know the size of your inverter, so that it can handle the numbers light points. I will advice you use energy bulbs instead of regular incandescent bulbs
deeptesting: Please i have an inverter with two batteries of 12V 18OAh which i only use to power my CCTV Machine at home 24 hours but i want to have it connected to all the bulbs(energy) in my rooms and kitchen but i did conduit wiring and don`t any surface wires,how can i achieve this goal?
Science/Technology / Re: All your Inverter problems by realpower32(m): 4:51pm On Dec 09, 2013
Hello Sir,
From what you explained? i believe the transformer is stressed. reduce the charging current if possible or use your bypass switch. to do this connect your loads directly to supply and use the inverter to charge alone. see if the temperature reduce?

quote author=Joeadamxx]Good day Sunny,

Thanks for your offer to help solve inverter problems.
Until recently, I was using the Sukam 10KVA 15 batteries(200ah) inverter. Unfortunately, the batteries only lasted about a year before they all ran down.
I made enquiries and was told that the best and longest lasting batteries are the ones with the higher amps/hr. So, I sold my inverter and batteries for cheap and bought a new system based on the cyberpower 7.5kva - 48v. I bought 2vx24 batteries (600ah), but I have been having problems since then. As the inverter seems not to be capable of coping with the batteries, even after buying 2 50ah battery chargers. As the inverter always trip off on overheating between 35 - 47 degrees.

I have been going back and forth with cyberpower and the supplier and now the temperature is normal at about 35 deg, but it always trip off anytime I am on either NEPA or generator. Sometimes it trips off 10 times within an hour.

I suspect that there is a current leakage from the items not connected to the inverter when switched on, especially iron, microwave and water heater.

What do you think please? You can reach me on joeadamxx@gmail.com

Best Regards,

Joe[/quote]
Science/Technology / Re: All your Inverter problems by realpower32(m): 4:43pm On Dec 09, 2013
How long have you been using your inverter?
redocean: I have a 2KVA blue gate inverter on a pair of 200 amps battery. However, lately it goes off in less than 2 hours after full charge so am considering getting a new set of batteries. Do you have any suggestion on durable batteries and their prices?
Science/Technology / Re: All your Inverter problems by realpower32(m): 4:40pm On Dec 09, 2013
Hello sir,
From the attached picture am always weary with inverters like this. to query your battery you need to know the quality of the charger design within the inverter. to check that, get a DC clamp meter to see the amount of current flowing into the battery.
Secondly from this build i will assume the designer used a low frequency transformer and which means the charger output is directly proportional to the supply input. a lower voltage input will be a poor charging.

just check your connections.
hrmkz: Hi,
Tnx for d humanatarian job.

I have the attached inverter which is 3kva and 2 of battries pics attached.

But the battries have since pack up after just a year.

Please advice on long lasting battries and where they are can be found.

Tnx once again.
Science/Technology / Re: All your Inverter problems by realpower32(m): 4:34pm On Dec 09, 2013
Unique!:
Nice Response sir! you are so on point


Hmmm, I beleiieve I have a fair knowledge of inverters and how they work given a track record of a no of years of usage
From what you posted above I can assure you that size of inverter will not meet your needs. In short I believe you're better off not putting your refrigerators on your inverter. This is simply because refrigerator compressors tend to draw a lot of power at start up, which your inverter is not built to handle. It will surely kill your inverter in no time.

Meanwhile, it is advisable to try and not fully load the inverter to full capacity, something like 50% load is alright IMO. I also see no mention of fans in your post. I think you should try as much as possible to consider the importance of calculating wattages when you're buying a new appliance once you know you want to place its load on your inverter.

On the whole, try and go easy on how much load you place on your inverter. The lighter the load, the longer it will serve you, as the rate of battery discharge will be greatly minimised.

All the best.
Science/Technology / Re: All your Inverter problems by realpower32(m): 4:32pm On Dec 09, 2013
Mbeki: A neighbour's inverter caught fire and nearly burnt down the whole building saved for fire service department, what could be the cause, in a new building we're constructing, we are considering building an inverter house outside and connecting to the main house with an underground cable, just in case of fire, what's your take?


Well, from my little years of experience. Most times when fire outbreak occurs and is related to inverter. it could be any of the following
1- poor wiring (using common neutral btw inverter and supply NEPA or GEN).

2- Overcharging due to poor charger design or poor battery size to charger rating ( the inverter could over charge battery and leads to thermal runaway).

3- as simple as this sound is very critical: Partial contact. (supply to inverter or battery connection) partial contacts leads to heat buildup and that could lead to fire outbreak if not detected.

4- Poor Ventilation : inverter is an electronic device and it does require some level of ventilation and battery inclusive. in fact most batteries fail because of heat related issues without some installer knowing or the user.

I have been in this business for more-than ten years and have never had a single record of fire out break.

I hope my highlighted issues above will let you make an informed decision when next you plan deploying an inverter system.
Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 9:57am On Aug 20, 2013
Hello, You must be using a modified sine wave or quasi wave form inverter.
Note: if the lines are very thick on the T.V and humming sound very pronounced, you are most likely using a quasi sine inverter.
however, if the lines on T.V are very tiny and noise is not so audible, then is modified sine wave.

As regards if you should stop using it,i would say "yes". if you can afford to get a pure sine wave inverter, go ahead. however, your fans will continue to go bad especially if they are standing fans. Ceiling fans can still tolerate it. And reason being because of their design. Most T.V will work on modified or quasi inverter, but i cant confirm for LED T.V.

Regards.
jfking2005: Please what is the solution to this humming sound and lines on T.V when inverter is workin?
My fan gives serious humm sound and after 2 days it refuse to roll(I mean fan) does the inverter burns coil or weaken coil?
I need to know if I should stop using the inverter before damage my 55 inch Led
Pls help
Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 8:24am On Aug 16, 2013
You can learn a lot on solar panel, via you tube videos. but inverter production.you may have to get your electronics in-tune(know your basic components) and also go on the web to try out some free circuits. Nice one trying to get your hands dirty during Strike like this. wish you all the best.
sir rinky: Pls guys I don't mean to derail the thread but I was wondering if anyone here could help me on H̶̲̥̅̊ợ̣̣̇̇̇w̶̲̥̅̊ to get training on solar panel and inverter construction.Maybe online materials videos or someone to learn from.@least before ASUU gets back plss.
Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 8:17am On Aug 16, 2013
You will need at least two units of 180wattsp/ 12v panel.
ba_aliyah: Good work bro, I have been using safepower inverter since 2010, 800va, with European spec battery 170ha. What minimum capacity of solar panel do I need to charge the battery effectively. Thanks.
Politics / Re: Botswana Plans To Deport Nigerians? by realpower32(m): 8:02am On Aug 16, 2013
In Botswana these institutions remained whole partly because of minimal British colonization. Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson say that "colonialism was very light" mainly because Great Britain created the colony to limit territorial gains by the Germans and the Boer states (Acemoglu, p 12). They expand on this idea and conclude that the land was not "particularly valuable or attractive in itself" (Acemoglu, p 12). Thus, the institutions that were already established in Botswana were not destroyed by British involvement. The British did not stay out of Botswana completely as colonialism did have "important effects on the structure of the economy" (Acemoglu, p 13). The hut tax of 1899 and the native tax of 1919 required people to pay some money to the British. These taxes ultimately encouraged people to join the labor market so that they could earn money and pay this annual tax. According to Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson, there was some British colonialism; however, overall involvement was fairly minimal, which allowed the institutions to remain intact and unchanged.

Similar to minimal British involvement preserving the institutions in Botswana, the elites were also interested in maintaining and strengthening these institutions after independence. On September 30, 1966, Botswana gained independence from Great Britain and was on the way to controlling its own future. As indicated by Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson, Seretse Khama formed the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), which incorporated the emerging elites in addition to the traditional chiefs. In An African Success Story: Botswana, the strength of the BDP is described when it states, "They could integrate within the party the traditional rural structures of loyalty between commoners and chiefs" (Acemoglu, p 15). As a result of this popularity, in 1965, the BDP won the first election, and Seretse Khama was nominated president. As stated by Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson, "strengthening institutions of private property were in the economic interests of the elite" (Acemoglu, p 11). Many of the elites in Botswana owned cattle and were involved in the main export sector in the country at that time period. Thus, with the elites heavily invested in the economy, it seems reasonable to say that it was in the interests of the political elites to favor good institutions. Furthermore, Botswana's political elites at that time did not feel threatened by growth and development. Therefore, it would be practical for the elites to support the current institutions with the idea of strengthening them as much as possible.

Not only did the interests of the elites support the institutions, but people did not want to change the status quo after the discovery of diamonds, allowing these institutions to grow and develop even further. The leaders of Botswana made strategically important mining agreements with DeBeers, a company that specializes in the exploration, mining, and manufacturing of diamonds. With the agreement in place, the government of Botswana would receive half of all diamond profits in the country. The government was running a budget surplus by the mid 1970s with the diamond industry thriving and expanding tremendously. Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson argue that the revenue generated from the mining industry was managed appropriately as the money was effectively and efficiently put to use. The rents were put towards the government budget as additional investment, allowing the economy to expand and the country to strengthen as a whole. One prime example that shows the government's ability to manage the diamond industry occurred in the 1980s when Botswana was unable to sell its diamonds for nearly half a year. Even through these difficult times, the government still managed to keep diamond prices relatively high without allowing government expenditure to fall. This ability to successfully control diamond prices ultimately led to more positive effects in years to come.

Furthermore, the diamonds in Botswana were positioned in such a way that the sector was mostly capital intensive rather than labor extensive. Botswana has mostly kimberlite pipes, which are channels that extend from the mantle to the surface and are highly concentrated with diamonds. However, in countries that have not been so fortunate such as Sierra Leone, diamonds are mostly spread out amongst thousands of miles of streams and rivers. Mining in these areas are more labor intensive and do not have the same positive effects of countries that have diamonds in highly concentrated areas.

Not only did the diamond industry have positive effects on institutions, but good decision making by leaders did so as well. Seretse Khama, the first president of Botswana, was a very legitimate leader. According to An African Success Story: Botswana, his prior experiences as the chief of Bangwato, present day Botswana, and his involvement with the Botswana Democratic Party contributed to increased political stability and ultimately more developed institutions. In the book it states, "Key decision made by Botswana leaders, particularly Seretse Khama and Quett Masire, appear to have been crucial", showing the impact leaders can have on institutions in addition to country development (Acemoglu, p 24). One of his crucial decisions as president involved the transfer of diamond rich lands from his own tribe to the government. If he did not complete this task, there could have been greater conflict between tribes simply because of the potential to generate tremendous revenue.

Some people would say that factors other than good institutions played a significant role for successful development to occur in Botswana. Scott Beaulier, assistant professor of Economics at George Mason University, puts more emphasis on leaders and their ability to direct a country in the right direction rather than simply being guided by "good" institutions. In Explaining Botswana's Success: The Critical Role of Post-Colonial Policy, Beaulier states, "Good leadership, in fact, could be the key factor in Botswana's development" (Beaulier, Explaining Botswana's Success: The Critical Role of Post-Colonial Policy, p 18). He argues that the future of the country after independence rested in the hands of Khama and his administration. It is ultimately the people with authority who have control of the country's future path, not Botswana's prior experiences. Khama's administration established pro-market policies, which included low taxes for mining companies and thus more investment. According to Beaulier, he also kept income taxes low to encourage people to pay their taxes and avoid corruption. Khama made critical decisions after independence that supported strong markets with the vision of having a better tomorrow.

If every nation in Africa had the chance to choose the most appropriate role for government, why did so many African countries turn out differently than Botswana? Beaulier argues that many of the elected leaders of other African nations chose paths that did not support long-term economic development and growth. Khama, on the other hand, maintained good policy and made wise decisions after independence, giving Botswana the opportunity to develop into the country it is today. The difficulty then arises of why Botswana had strong leaders while other countries did not.

There are two distinct factors that separate Khama from other African leaders. His experience in Great Britain in addition to his personality allowed for better leadership and in the end greater success for Botswana relative to other African nations. Khama received an education at Fort Hare University, which Beaulier describes as an institution with an "explicitly 'Euro-centric' vision for Africa" (Beaulier, p 21). He obtained an education that revolved around Western tradition and values and would inevitably spread European culture into Botswana. As said by Beaulier, Khama then went on to study at Oxford's Balliol College where he received a degree in law. He was exposed to British law as well as their culture and way of life. Khama's education revolved much around markets, Western values, and British common law, which eventually impacted his policy selection for Botswana. Beaulier argues that "Policy choice at a critical point in time was the key factor determining the wealth and poverty of African nations" (Beaulier, p 21). It is hard to say which factor impacted Botswana's success the most, but leadership and key decision making definitely paved the country's future to some extent.

Beaulier and Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson offer substantial evidence about the origins of Botswana's success and its tremendous rate of growth. It is important to note that these pieces of literature do not necessarily disagree with each other, but that different factors are emphasized more in each of them. Beaulier argues with Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson by saying that good leadership was the primary factor for Botswana's success while favorable institutions were a secondary factor. If Botswana's success is mainly attributed to its colonial institutions, then it seems that a country's success might be based on their past. If this concept is true, then it would be acceptable to conclude there is little hope for some countries whose history will inherently limit its success. At the same time, it would not be reasonable to conclude that one leader could change a country's direction simply with good policy and excellent decision making. Thus, it would be acceptable to say that both strong institutions and good leadership played a very important role in Botswana's growth, but it is hard to conclude which factor should be emphasized more.

One might be able to determine the significance of certain factors if there is some sort of analysis done between successful countries and ones that have failed. After gaining independence, Botswana has been successful and has achieved tremendous rates of growth. On the other hand, Zimbabwe has become a miserable failure. What are the underlying reasons for these very different outcomes even though they were both former British colonies? The factors contributing to growth in Zimbabwe, or the lack there of, are similar to the ones offered earlier by Acemoglu, Johnson, Robinson, and Beaulier. Robert Mugabe, prime minister of Zimbabwe after gaining its independence in 1980, played a major role in determining the failure of the country. The magazine The American says that in 1982 Mugabe turned on former ally Joshua Nkomo and the Zimbabwe Africa Peoples Union (ZAPN), killing nearly 20,000 of its supporters. This attack allowed Mugabe and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) to win the following election very easily. In The American it states, "Nkomo was forced to agree to a merger of ZAPU with Mugabe's ZANU. In return, Nkomo received the largely ceremonial title of Zimbabwe's vice president", which shows the presence of corruption and political insecurity in Zimbabwe shortly after independence (Tupy, The American). This political unrest was not a component of Botswana's experience as it was named the least corrupt country in Africa by Transparency International, a global civil society organization that fights corruption. A recent sign at the Gaborone airport reads, "Botswana has a ZERO tolerance for corruption. It is illegal to offer or ask for a bride", which displays Botswana's political security and its ability to preserve beneficial, long-term goals (Biles, p 2). Political instability and corruption ultimately had some effect on Zimbabwe's outcome. However, it is difficult to determine the exact significance this factor played in its failure. The figure below from The American shows divergence in the per capita income of Botswana and Zimbabwe. It is hard to determine the exact reasons for Zimbabwe's failure, but one can easily make the argument that political insecurity was an important factor that separated these two countries into what they are today.

Overall Botswana's success can be attributed to good policy, underlying institutions, and good leadership. Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson put a tremendous amount of emphasis on the adoption of good policy in addition to the maintenance of good institutions. These institutions of private property encouraged investment and gave Botswana the opportunity to grow at incredible rates of growth for over 35 years. Beaulier, on the other hand, seems to believe that good leadership was the most important factor in Botswana's development. Key decision making right after independence was essential for Botswana's development. None of these factors alone could explain Botswana's success, but it was the combination of these factors occurring at the right time that allowed the country to experience high rates of economic growth for so many years.

Although Botswana has been the fastest growing country over the last 35 years, will the country be able to sustain this rate of growth? Although per capita income has grown at nearly 7 % since the 1960s, Botswana still has a long way to go. Paul Rantao of the Botswana National Front believes the government has not done enough to actually help the country as he states, "The government is more concerned about per capita income, and that doesn't reflect the real quality of life of the majority. Most people here are unemployed" (Biles, p 3). According to the World Bank, only thirteen people out of a hundred have access to the internet and growth of industries other than mining have been minimal. However, the country has sought to diversify its economy by developing the financial services and tourism industry. Furthermore, part of Botswana's success can be credited to the pursuit of prudent and sound monetary and fiscal policies, which helped lay the base for the country's future. Botswana's success can also be attributed to the National Development Plans that the country has consistently instituted.

It is important to compare across countries in order to determine the true success of a country. With this being said, Botswana is considered one of Africa's success stories because it has experienced high rates of growth and has developed greatly relative to its neighboring countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although Botswana has not experienced perfection, the country has done extremely well over the past 40 years. In his farewell address, former President Festus Mogae left the people of Botswana with an influential statement that supported the country's future success. He had an optimistic outlook and said, "Whatever our challenges, ours is a land of hope and promise" (Pham, p 6).

1 Like

Politics / Re: Botswana Plans To Deport Nigerians? by realpower32(m): 8:01am On Aug 16, 2013
Hello NL Member's we are missing lot of things here. rather than pointing accusing fingers at each other of wrong doing (Yoruba,Igbo or Hasusa). we should sit down and ask critical and fundamental questions. how we got it all wrong. And also check the so called successful nation Botswana, what they did right to attain the status she prides herself in. Food for thought my people.We use more energy and gain less when we go on each other. We should rather learn to ask the right questions how did we get it all wrong and try to seek redress.
However, i have this articles showcasing the success story of Botswana. i will like to summarize what i learnt into two words.
[/size][size=8pt][/size][size=8pt][size=8pt][/size] Leadership and Vision.

Successful Development in Botswana

As most people know, Africa is extremely poor and many of its countries are below the average low-income level. With most of the continent under the poverty line, people still remained puzzled as to why this particular area of the world has still yet to develop. Although Africa has not obtained success as a whole, a few countries have been able to develop and grow to some extent. Botswana, a land-locked country located in Sub-Sahara Africa, has not only outgrown its neighboring countries, but it has also been the fastest growing economy in the world for the last forty years. Why has Botswana been able to sustain tremendous rates of economic growth while other sub-Saharan countries with similar climates and locations have not?
Botswana has a population of approximately 1.8 million people, is located north of South Africa, and is roughly the size of Texas (Encyclopedia of the Nations: Botswana, 2007). The Kalahari Desert makes up nearly 70% of Botswana while the remaining portion of the country in the East is more habitable. This insufficient amount of habitable land in combination with the country's inadequate water supply have caused problems for the growing population in Botswana. In addition to these problems is the curse of the AIDS epidemic, as roughly 35% of the all adults in the country are HIV positive (Encyclopedia of the Nations: Botswana, 2007). So why again has Botswana, which is fairly similar to the other countries in the area, been able to obtain and sustain tremendous rates of economic growth for so many years? The answer ultimately requires a much more extensive analysis than simply climate or location. In An African Success Story: Botswana, Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson have narrowed down the reasons for success in Botswana. These experts from the Department of Economics at MIT argue that the adoption of good policies, the institutions of private property, and key characteristics that allowed these institutions to stay in place have all contributed to the success of Botswana over the past 40 years.

The adoption of good policies is a crucial factor that ultimately contributed to development and growth in Botswana. Over the past 40 years, the government in Botswana has had steady and reliable economic policies. In general, it can be concluded that good policies lead to investment, increased jobs, and better economic fundamentals. However, these beneficial policies would not have been nearly as effective without the underlying institutions that encourage economic growth, development, and investment.

In An African Success Story: Botswana, Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson conclude that the reason for good policy selection, both economically and politically, was a result of the "good" underlying institutions (An African Success Story: Botswana, Acemoglu, p 5). These institutions played an extremely important role in Botswana's successful development. Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson go even further in describing these institutions as "good" such that they correspond "to a social organization which ensures that a broad cross-section of the society have effective property rights" (Acemoglu, p 5). One can refer to this group as "institutions of private property". Under these institutions the property rights of investors and potential investors are rightfully protected. They also provide political stability, put a constraint on political elites, and encourage broad-based participation. Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson display the importance of these institutions when they estimate that "changes in institutions can close as much as ¾ of the income gap between the nations with the best and worst institutions" (Acemoglu, p 6). They then go even further in stating, "Once we control for the effect of institutions, countries in Africa do not have lower incomes" (Acemoglu, p 6). Thus, this statement supports the significance of institutions in the successful development in Botswana relative to the rest of the world.

Knowing that good institutions are important to economic development is simply not enough and will not automatically lead to success. Why did these institutions remain in place in Botswana but not in neighboring countries? The answer to that question can help explain Botswana's success since the 1960s and can possibly help other countries get on the right path to successful growth and development. According to Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson, pre-colonial institutions, minimal British involvement, appropriate interests of the elites, the discovery of diamonds, and good decision making by leaders all played an important role in establishing institutions and keeping them intact.

Botswana possessed pre-colonial institutions which ultimately put constraints on political elites and allowed the country to traverse a successful development path. Consistent with An African Success Story: Botswana, in 1885 Great Britain created the British Bechuanaland and the British Protectorate, current day Botswana, because of the land's strategic importance in dividing Germany's colony in the west and the Boer states in the east. The British wanted to limit any territorial expansion from these two sides. In the 19th century, southern Africa was comprised mainly of tribes with the chief as the highest figure in society. The chief's authority was represented and carried out by friends, relatives, and officials. These adult males gathered together to discuss local issues in meetings known as the kgotla (Acemoglu, p 9). Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson explain the importance of these assemblies in stating, "Even though they were supposed to be advisory they seem to have been an effective way for commoners to criticize the king" (Acemoglu, p 10). The kgotla ensured appeasement among tribes and thus created more political stability, which was very important in creating an environment that was conducive for economic development. Thus, the institutions in Botswana put constraints on political elites by expanding the broad participation in politics.

1 Like

Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 11:01pm On Aug 04, 2013
She should avoid using anything that makes use of coils. It's suitable for lighting and electronics. less fridge,freezer,fans,Ac.
Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 9:56pm On Aug 03, 2013
By the humming sound from the standing fan; you can tell. without having to use a measuring device. alternatively there will be some some glitches on the screen. or tiny line running horizontally on her T.V
Forum Games / Re: Age Group That Dominates Nairaland Survey by realpower32(m): 9:59pm On Jul 23, 2013
My is 30-35
Properties / Re: Urgent Request For Self Contain Or Room And Parlour by realpower32(m): 8:45am On May 13, 2013
pls do u av any room n parlor self contain anywhere around oregun?
Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 9:25am On Apr 18, 2013
Hi Zohra,
I can be of help,please do you have the Victron Energy software (VE-Config) and doggle (mk2). without this two,it will be difficult for you to configure the units effectively.

Using Dip switch may not give desired performance.

Let me know what you have tried doing and what the present status is?

Regards

Zohra: Hello and thank you for your generousity

i've tried to use 2 Victrons 10 KVa each one in a parallel connexion using factory setting but unfortunately without any success
have you any experience on that ? would it be possible to help me ?

thanks
Science/Technology / Re: The Power Inverter,an Alternative Energy Source That Can Power The Home by realpower32(m): 1:56am On Jan 10, 2013
Hi Don your response is very discouraging and insulting. i will only advice you seek more knowledge to be educated about this very topic. for the record, am an engineer in elect/elect and a certified installer and service engineer for Xantrex energy U.S.A now Schneider Electric US. for present day Toroidal transformer inverter, Check Victron Energy Inverters Holland, they use toroidal transformer.And what you refer to as transformer-less, are "Choked transformer", with tiny coils,very light weighted and cheap.like supermaster inverter or Waeco Germany inverter.
Be Good!!
D Don1: Or rather, those people who make inverters kw what I'm saying is the truth.
Science/Technology / Re: The Power Inverter,an Alternative Energy Source That Can Power The Home by realpower32(m): 12:23am On Jan 08, 2013
to handle peak load
D Don1:
It's true that toroidal transformers are more efficient than normal transformers, but they are quite expensive, that is why u can't find them anywhere.
You said that transformer less inverters are best for computers, then why do u find large transformers in the ups
Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 9:55pm On Jan 07, 2013
it's subject to the individual taste and class. but an average of 3kva to 5kva for homes. less A/C,water heater,washing machine,pressing iron,dish washer e.t.c if we include the items i listed it will be between 15kva and 20kva.

second question:Answer
the primary input of the inverter i.e the battery voltage of the inverter. the primary voltage and also the proposed load. e.g i have a load of 300watts and i want it to work for 6hours.
the battery size will be determine by multiplying the load (300watts) by proposed hourly usage(6hours) = 1800whr is needed
let assume we want to use a single battery, assume a 12v/200Ah battery as a storage capacity of 2000whr. so let use a 500watts/12v/20Amps, that will be a one battery system or 500watts/24v. the whole dimension will change; the battery to be used will be 100Ah (subject to budget and inverter charging capacity) so let assume our inverter as a 10Amp inbuilt charger. but note inverter charger can also determine the size of battery.

i always use 10% of battery capacity for my battery charger to battery design. so what determine the numbers of battery is subject to the watts-hour needed from the battery per day.that will determine the number of battery to be connected in strings and parallel. i hope am explanatory enough to you.

Thanks
brightk: what is the maximum load a residential building can use.. i was contemplating dat at least 10kva no matter what d r load..(subjected to ba
secondly wat determines the numbe of battery to use on an inverter. some piple used to talk about a rack containing 16-20 batteries.. tank u
Science/Technology / Re: The Power Inverter,an Alternative Energy Source That Can Power The Home by realpower32(m): 9:17pm On Jan 07, 2013
i cant agree less with you. please "Don" verify your claims. inverter in USA using transformer-less technology, why is outback, Victron Inverter and Sunny Boy still in high demand in the state. am sure the inverter you claim to be transformer less are Solar Inverter used on grid tie solar solutions.
brightk:

if transformer are no longer useful how come even the top makers still implement them in ups designs.. the truth is u cannot underestimate the power of a transformer.like i said everything dat has advantage has disadvantages.. transformer-less inverter doesnt last compared 2 its rival.. d only tin i si in dem is portability but am after quality and durability. chikina

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Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 10:18pm On Dec 25, 2012
The cost of each system is subject to your load demand and the expected backup time
ben4ever:
how much do they cost?
Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 12:27am On Dec 21, 2012
hi,Send mail to realpower32@gmail.com
Gadgetmobil: Pls can we get an email or contact no or sumfin?
Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 9:09pm On Dec 17, 2012
Hi, Sorry for responding late.
My best product is Victron energy inverters they have capacity from 1kva to 10kva. but you can cascade to as much as 100kva,

Next to that will be Tripplite inverter from USA they have from 1.5kva to 6.5kva,

followed by Innovaa inverter from india, but i only use 800va and 1.5kva

Presently we use more of AGM Deep Cycle Battery

Zemhen 1:


Wow......that's nice ....can you gave rating to the different makes of inverter and deep cycle battery sold in Nigeria .....especially those that are ideal for our weather here in Nigeria
Science/Technology / Re: Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 1:51pm On Dec 13, 2012
Hello ben4ever,
You will need to provide me with your planned loads (Appliances) on the inverter and how long you will want it to run after power cut.
Regards
ben4ever: thanks for your generousity!
Please i am having issues on a reliable and cost effective inverter type as well as battery to acquire and the price! Thanks
Science/Technology / Free Consultancy On Inverter And Battery Issues by realpower32(m): 1:38am On Dec 13, 2012
Hi Guys,
Do you have problems with your inverter system or someone you know does, I will be willing to offer my professional advice and recommendations.

I'm aware a lot of people use inverters without getting the best out of their system.

You can fix it your self or at least get a nearby technician to fix your problem in most case,as am also aware a lot of people as misconception about designing and sizing inverter systems and battery backup.

I have a ten years experience in this field and still learning, i will be willing to help in every little way i can and also try not to mis-inform you.

feel free to leave your comment[font=Lucida Sans Unicode]
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Science/Technology / Re: The Power Inverter,an Alternative Energy Source That Can Power The Home by realpower32(m): 12:12am On Dec 13, 2012
cybelink: Thank for adding that.I really appreciate that friend.
As much i will like to agree to the efficiency of transformer-less inverter; am afraid the power handling of the transformer less can not be compared to the transformer type .looking at the various types of transformer technology on inverters, they are categorized based on the winding design. low freq to high freq. and you may also want to consider torodial transformer, which as better performance to heavy duty low freq wind transformer. the transformer-less is best for computers and basic electronics, but will most likely fail when handling inductive loads, A/C and fridges e.t.c

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