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..................................................Olmec Head dated circa 1,600 BC

[size=15pt]We know they were the builders of ancient American pyramids. Dozens of their enormous Olmec Heads have been found throughout Central and South America. Why don't they look like modern Native Americans?[/size]

The African looking Olmec heads have dumfounded historians for centuries. There were many speculations as to why they have African features, but no one could agree on a theory, and African American scholars like Dr. Ivan van Sertima were laughed at for decades until now.

There is now undisputed scientific proof that the first Americans were descended from Africans or Australian aborigines, according to evidence in a new BBC documentary. Dozens of their skulls and cave writings have been found dating back to 50,000 years. The skulls, one named 'Lucia' by Scientists, have definite and distinct Negroid facial features like those of Africans, New Guineas or Australian Aborigines.

http://2012.caliwali.com/theolmecs.htm


More ancient Olmec heads discovered in the Americas

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https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQHVO-0eWVReO9hgq6jBROhiW5LEeleGVDPn6jINtZFBHfebQagsg

The people who carved these heads would never have taken the time to glorify people who were not in a very high position. The people represented in the faces of these heads may have led a great dynasty of Black Kings who ruled for more than two thousand years in Mexico and who eventually became absorbed into the Indian population due to mixing. Thus, their culture and traditions became part of the Indian culture that followed (Mayas, Aztecs, ect.), however, there is evidence that the Olmecs existed and continued their culture up to about 400 AD. Many migrated to lands in the North (United States) and the South (South America).

http://www.ipoaa.com/africans_in_americas.htm

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...Stone tools and charcoal from the site in Brazil show evidence of human habitation as long ago as 50,000 years.
Archeologists agree that the Mayan and Aztec civilizations - which began thousands of years after the Olmec civilization ended, definitely inherited the bulk of ancient pyramids and advanced pre-columbian art and artifacts previously called 'Mayan' or 'Aztec." The Aztecs and Mayans used the pyramids for blood-letting and human sacrafice, but the Olmec people they inherited the pyramids and giant stone heads from did not.

Walter Neves is the first Scientist to Make a Connection
The site is at Serra Da Capivara in remote northeast Brazil. This area is now inhabited by the descendants of European settlers and African slaves who arrived just 500 years ago. But cave paintings found here provided the first clue to the African looking people who we now call Olmec. Dr. Walter Neves has measured hundreds of skulls, the next step was to reconstruct a face from Lucia's skull (the name scientists gave this 20 year old, African looking woman who died 11,000+ years ago in South America.) First, a CAT scan of the skull was done, to allow an accurate working model to be made. Then a forensic artist, Richard Neave from the University of Manchester, UK, created a face for Lucia. The result was surprising: "It has all the features of a negroid face," says Dr Neave.

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According to studies and research conducted by Clyde Winters, the Olmecs were Africans from the Mandinka region of West Africa. They used the Mende script to write and they spoke the Mende language, the same language spoken by Cinque in the movie 'Amistad'.

The Mende script found on monuments at Monte Alban in Mexico, has been deciphered and it was found to be identical to the Mende script used in West Africa. Afterwards, the language was found to be the very same language spoken by the Mende of West Africa.


THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN OLMEC RELIGIONS AND WEST AFRICAN RELIGIONS

One of the most important connections made to show that the Olmecs were West Africans is the very strong similarities in race between the Olmecs and West Africans and the ancient Nubians. In fact, during a scientific conference held years ago, West African scientists identified Olmec artworkd and representations of Africoid peoples as West African.

The Africans also identified cultural traits such as ear plugs, scarification marks and keloid tatoos on the skin and face, cornrows, braids and tassels and even afro hairstyle as West African. Moreover, according to Ivan Van Sertima (African Presene in Early America), giant heads of stone to represent important people in Africa was being done in the present era as well as in ancient Egypt and Nubia.

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The 22 or more collosal stone heads carved out of solid basalt rock has identifiable Black African in racial features as well as cultural traits like cornrow hairstyle, braids with beads and kinky hair as well as a type of war helmet identified as Nubian have been found carved in Colosal Olmec sculpture connecting them to West Africa and the Egypt/Sudan region.

Hundreds of clay and terracota busts, statuettes and figurines also show Black African racial and cultural traits. For example, scarification marks and keloid tatoos identical to those worn by West Africans and Sudanese Africans can be seen on some Olmec busts and terracota heads. Kinky hair, cornrows, braids are also represented (see African Presence in Early America, by Ivan Van Sertima; Transaction Publishers.

The Olmec are known as the Xi People, a group that migrated from Africa. Another group of people who joined the Olmes were the Black Xia of China. According to historians such as Wayne B. Chandler (African Presence in Early America), two of China's earliest dynaties, the Shang and the Shia, were both heavily Black African/Black Oceanic dynasties, with Mongol Chinese as well. They dominated China about 2800 B.C. to 1100 B.C.

As early as 2200 B.C., members of the Black Shia began migrating out of China after they were replaced by the Black Shang Dynasty. The book, "A History of the African-Olmecs presents many references from Chinese sources to support the fact of Black civilizations in ancient China.

About 1100 B.C., migrants from northern China predominated by Mongoloids called Chou, invaded the Chang Kingdom and described the Chang as "black and oily skinned." During that period many of the Black Chang migrated to Southern China, Indo-China and the Pacific Islands. Others went to the Americas, where they met an established Black Mende culture in Mexico.


RELIGIOUS SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE AFRICAN-OLMECS AND WEST AFRICANS

The African-Olmecs also had religious practices identical to that of West Africans according to "A History of the African-Olmecs," (published by 1stbooks Library, 2959 Vernal Pike, Bloomington, Indiana 47404 U.S.A ww.1stbooks.com ) Olmec religions included the use of shamen, the recognition of the Venus planet complex, the use of the ax as a prop in the worship of the Thunder God and the importance of children in their religion.

In the African religion of Shango, shamen are used. In fact, a statuette of an Oni or Priest-king of ancient Nigeria falls in line with the description of the Olmec Shamen given by early American archeologists in the Olmec region of Mexico.

In the Shango religion of Nigeria, Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba, Brazil and other parts of African-Americas, the very same religion as practiced by the Olmecs is still practiced. As for Africa, the Venus complex is studied by the Ono and Bambara, both accomplished seamen who usd to sail the once sea-covered Sahara and the Atlantic.

The Dogon of Mali specialize in the study of the Sirius star system and are experts in their accuracy and charting methods, without any telecopes. The use of the ax and its connection to the worship of the Thunder God was also connected to the Olmecs. Both the Olmecs of Mexico and West Africans practiced religions that included children playing a significant part.

There is overwhelming evidence in all areas that the first civilization in Mexico was influenced tremendously by Africans from West Africa and Nubia/Egypt. All cultural and racial connections show this importand and crucial fact.

There is also a connection with the early Black and Mongoloid dynasties of ancient Shia and Shang Dynasty China, whose prehhistoric origins is said to be Mesopotamia during the Kushite dynasties and Kushite Sudan.

The statue of an ancient Nigerian Oni or Priest-king dating back thousands of years shows him holding religious artefacts that have been found among Olmec priests who are holding identical artefacts in the very same manner.

A large stone statue of a Negroid character at the San Augustine Culture site in Colombia, South America, also show the same items in the hands of the statue (see African Civilizations of America "James Williamson," website, community.webtv.net/paulnubiaempire)

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...................................African-built pyramids - Central America


OTHER ANCIENT AFRICANS OF THE AMERICAS

Apart from the Olmecs, a number of other Black cultures and civilizations have been found to have existed in the Americas before Columbus and thousands of years before Christ. The book, "A History of the African-Olmecs," lists them as well as those who personally excavated, explored or spoke to the remnants of these early American Blacks of ancient African and Pacific Ocean origins.

The naturalist and author, I. Rafinesque (pp. 121, 186-187, 194, 208-209 lists many such Black nations in his work, "The Black Nations of America," (Atlantic Journal and Friend Knowledge; Philadelphia 1832/1833; p. 86. Some of these nations include the Washitaw of the Louisiana Territories who owned millions of acres of land, the Guale and Jamassee of the South-eastern U.S., the Black Caliornians of California and the South-western U.S.

A number of pre-Columbian Black nations also come from Latin America. There are the Afro-Darienite of Panama, the Choco of Columbia who like other Black Columbians and Black Latin Americans, are the victims of some of the most putrid forms of racism practiced today, including India's castism againt Black Untouchables.


THE BLACK WASHITAW OF THE LOUISIANA TERRITORIES

The Black Washitaw of Louisiana were documented by the French and Spanish to be one of the Black nations who existed in the Mississippi Valley and the Southern/Midwestern U.S. before the Louisiana Purchase in 1805, in which France sold their lands without their consent, (see the site http://community.webtv.net/paulnubiaempire ) The book, "A History of the Affrican-Olmecs," details the feelings of the descendants of the Black Washitaw Nation, who still live in the Southern U.S. to this very day.

In retrospect, the book "A History of the African-Olmecs: Black civilizations of America from Prehistoric Times to the Present Era," is a treasure to behold. Anyone who is confused about the history of the United States and the entire Americas before Columbus should read this facinating book with a large number of references and written in a very professional style.

The book, A History of the African-Olmecs, pub. by 1stBooks Library, Bloomington, Indiana U.S.A., examines the contributions of Old World Peoples to the Americas such as Africans, Chinese, Europeans, Middle Easterners, Africoid Melanesians, Africoid Australians, Japanese, Polynesians and others. It provides the once hidden facts about the great contributions made by Africans to the development of culture in the Americas thousands of years before Columbus.

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These huge statues aren’t found in Africa, but Mexico.

According to an archeologist who recently participated in archeological work in Mexico, One of the most ancient civilizations in the Americas, [size=15pt]the Black (Negritic) Olmecs developed a calendar that goes back to about 3,113 years Before Christ.[/size] The archeologist who appeared on the Art Bell show made that point.

The ancient “Olmecs” of Mexico and Mesoamerica are one of the most intriguing civilizations of the Americas. In fact, they are the first civilization in Mexico and it was from them that all other civilizations in Mesoamerica followed.

Yet, the fact that the Olmecs were most likely a Black civilization of African origins has not been made public and the “Indian” elements in Mexico have gained more prominence to the extent that the Negroid substrata of the ancient Mexican/Mesoamerican civilizations has been kept hidden.
Yet, over the past many years, various levels of proof have been found linking the “Olmecs” to Africans in the Western part of Africa:


Linguistic Similarities

Studies done by researchers such as Ivan Van Sertima (They Came Before Columbus), Alexander Von Wuthenau (Unexpected Faces in Ancient America), Runoko Rashidi and others have presented evidence that clearly show that the Olmecs were not Indians with “baby faces,” or Indians who looked like Blacks (although a few Olmecs did mix with the Native Americans). They were Africans no different from Africans found in the Mende regions of West Africa.
Studies done by Clyde Winters show that the Olmecs used the Mende script, a writing system used among the Mandinkas and other Africans in West Africa. When the writings on Olmec monuments were translated, it was found that the language spoken by the Olmecs was Mende.


Religious Similarities

The Olmecs practiced a religion and astronomical sciences identical to those practiced by Africans in the Mali region and Nigeria today. The Olmecs studied the Venus Complex in astronomy. Today, the Ono and Bambara who are famous sea and river travelers have studied that same complex for thousands of years. In fact, another group the Dogon are well known for their tracking and mapping of the Sirius star system and their accurate results.
The Olmecs also had a religious practice of Thunder worship where the ax was a prominent feature. In West Africa, the ax is also a prominent feature in connection with the Shango or Thunder God worship. Both the Olmecs and the Shango worshippers in West Africa placed an emphasis on the religious significance of children in their religious practices.


The Olmecs Were Related To Blacks Of The Mende Group Of West Africa

The Olmecs carved about twenty-two collosal stone heads in the southern parts of Mexico and their influence have been found in Guatemala and further south. Olmec type sculptures have also been found in parts of the U.S., (the Washitaw Nation of Louisiana; www.hotep.org ), where another prehistoric Black nation (who still has members and land today) existed.
The Olmecs and Washitaw, Black Californians, Jamassee, Califunami and other pre-columbian Blacks of the Americas were part of a prehistoric trade network that began in Africa and spread worldwide over 100,000 years ago and at various periods afterwards. According to the book, Susu Economics The History of Pan-African Trade, Commerce, Money and Wealth, these Blacks found in the Americas, as well as remnants of their ancient civilizations are not a myth or fairytale.

The ancient Blacks of the Americas are the missing pieces of a large puzzle that would be solved if many of today’s writers, scientists, historians and archeologists were not as biased or “embarrassed,” like the Mexican archeologists who found out without a doubt, that the Olmecs of Mexico were Black Africans and they introduced the first astronomical calendar to Mexico about 3,113 years Before Christ.
Not only is there an ancient Black African presence and contribution to the creation of civilization and culture in prehistoric and ancient America, but there also is such a presence and contribution in Mesopotamia (Nimrod a son of Kush developed the region, it is said), Sabea/Arabia, India, Cambodia, Southern China and Melanesia/South Pacific region.


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African Cultural Similarities

The Olmecs used an African practice that is very common in Africa and to some extent in Melanesia. That practice is body scarification and specifically facial scarification as practiced in West Africa. Many of the facial scars seen on the Olmec terracotta faces, such as “dot” keloids and “lined” patterns are identical to Africans such as the Dinka of Sudan and the Yoruba and others of West Africa. (Dinka scarification can be found in old copies of National Geographic. Olmec scarification can be found in the text by “Alexander Von Wuthenau, Unexpected Faces in Ancient America.”
African hairstyles such as cornroes are found on many of the Olmec terracotta found in Mexico. Both kinky hair carved into one of the collosal stone heads of basalt, as well as the cornroed style wearing tassels (see African Presence in Early America, by Ivan Van Sertima; Transaction Publishers), have been found.

The “cornrow” factor clearly shows that these Blacks who were in Mexico in prehistoric times most likely came from the West Africa/South Sahara region, rather than Melanesia. It is in West Africa that cornroes are very common and have been since prehistoric times.


Olmecs Introduced The First Aspects Of Meso-American Civilization

The Black Olmecs were the first to build “pyramids” in Mexico, although these were built of mud and one was more cone-shaped then actually pyramidal. The Olmecs apart from carving 22 collosal stone heads dating to about 1100 B.C., also created thousands of work of art throughout Mesoamerica. Olmec terracotta art show people involved in a variety of activities from wrestling to pottery making.

In retrospect, there is no doubt that the ancient Olmecs of Mexico and the Olmec language, religion, culture were of African origins and specifically of the Mende group of West Africa. Still it is sad that essays on the Olmecs are not presented in publications, when the African origins of this Mesoamerican civilization is presented, including the latest findings. There is hope, however that the most recent findings of the ancient Olmec calendar and the similarities in race, culture and language with Africans in West Africa will be brought out and made available to those who see an obvious African influence and presence in early America.

http://black-culture.tumblr.com/post/4563648887/these-huge-statues-arent-found-in-africa-but

Wow.. Interestin write up... I rili would like 2 ask if u ar tryin 2 say dat africans own america?

V-lyrics:
Wow.. Interestin write up... I rili would like 2 ask if u ar tryin 2 say dat africans own america?

Nobody ''owns'' America.

I swear the Olmecs have roots in Yorubaland & some other parts of West Africa. They v got Shango's Axe 'Osé Sàngó' (Sàngó was a great grandchild of Oduduwa), sculpture of a Yoruba King/Priest. The stone figures found there have the same features as Ife Terracota & Esie Soap Stones. They are naturalistic in appearance.
Meanwhile, I don't agree with the theory of some blacks in China around 3000-2000 BC. If there's any dark face there, it must be the Mongolians (I think the Mongols Ancestors got their colour from ffucking some blacks or some blacks ffucking them). However it's still a mystery.
And no doubt, there are blacks in America before Christopher Columbus. Maybe they were brought there as slaves by some early slave traders, maybe not. Infact, the theory is confusing. I quit!

Okiki_Oluwa: I swear the Olmecs have roots in Yorubaland. They v got Shango's Ax 'Osé Sàngó' (Sàngó was a great grandchild of Oduduwa), sculpture of a Yoruba King/Priest.
Meanwhile, I don't agree with the theory of some blacks in China around 3000-2000 BC. If there's any dark face there, it must be the Mongolians (I think the Mongols Ancestors got their colour from ffucking some blacks or some blacks ffucking them). However it's still a misery.
And no doubt, there are blacks in America before Christopher Columbus. Maybe they were brought there as slaves by some early slave traders, maybe not. Infact, the theory is confusing. I quit!

Please don't come in here to type ignorant ''maybes''. The Africans SAILED to the Americas as free men in their own ships and of their own accord, and actually INTRODUCED civilization to the Americas, thousands of years before Columbus. So kindly stop typing ignorant poppycock about them being ''brought there as slaves''. Thanks.

This sounds like BS.

Where is your proof? Also, where is the documentary?

Not saying it isn't true...but you lost me when you said there were black African empires in China.

Michaeljones36: This sounds like BS.

Where is your proof? Also, where is the documentary?

Not saying it isn't true...but you lost me when you said there were black African empires in China.

It's not my job to educate you. Use your own brain and go do some research to add to what you've already learned here.

Not sure what ''proof'' you're demanding. Were those negroid heads discovered in your backyard? Or you didn't click on the source links I posted?

What other 'proof'' are you looking for?

ROSSIKE:

Please don't come in here to type ignorant ''maybes''. The Africans SAILED to the Americas as free men in their own ships and of their own accord, and actually INTRODUCED civilization to the Americas, thousands of years before Columbus. So kindly stop typing ignorant poppycock about them being ''brought there as slaves''. Thanks.

u dnt v 2 b rude with d word ignorant. My post was not a confirmed theory if u understand well d part 'maybe'. Meanwhile I could v lashed out on u 4 writing a thread claiming African Empires existed in ancient China. That's dumb!
And to say that African sailed by themselves to America is unbeleivable! Exit your yeye thread cos of ur rudeness.

brossie which america are u refering to in this your phd thesis ..is it south or north or central

Seems like an interesting article.

Okiki_Oluwa: u dnt v 2 b rude with d word ignorant. My post was not a confirmed theory if u understand well d part 'maybe'. Meanwhile I could v lashed out on u 4 writing a thread claiming African Empires existed in ancient China. That's dumb!
And to say that African sailed by themselves to America is unbeleivable! Exit your yeye thread cos of ur rudeness.

Why is it 'unbelievable' for Africans to have sailed to the Americas? Well, so how did they get there? They swam? Why am I even responding to a dunce like you?

As for the African founders of China, whose fault is it if your brain is too dull to comprehend such history, much less attempt to research it?

free2ryhme: brossie which america are u refering to in this your phd thesis ..is it south or north or central

The Americas.

North, South, East, Central.

ROSSIKE:

Why is it 'unbelievable' for Africans to have sailed to the Americas? Well, so how did they get there? Why am I even responding to a dunce like you?

As for the African founders of China, whose fault is it if your brain is too dull to comprehend such history, much less attempt to research it?

I see u r a loosed dog. But u r here 2 proof some sh.its. As if u v facts 2 back dem up. The greatest f.ool of this generation.

Okiki_Oluwa: I see u r a loosed dog. But u r here 2 proof some sh.its. As if u v facts 2 back dem up. The greatest f.ool of this generation.

Bumbling illiterate riffraff. The 'proof' you've seen posted up here so far, what have you done with it except display your illiteracy and dumbitude? Have you conducted 5 minutes of research into African history in your entire life? Motor park tout with foam for brains coming to discuss African history. Just get the hell off this thread and go click on Tonto Dikeh, Wizkid, and DBanj issues, let intelligent people discuss here.

Africans did this, did that, great civilization of Egypt has been traced to Africans, yet our continent is in bad shape. How ironic!

Ndipe: Africans did this, did that, great civilization of Egypt has been traced to Africans, yet our continent is in bad shape. How ironic!

Dominance is not eternal. That you were great thousands of years ago does not imply you must be a world beater today. Societies rise, fall, and rise again. Europe was a land of backwardness when Africans were building pyramids, temples, and inventing science, astronomy and mathematics. Now it's Europe's turn to dominate, and even Asia is slowly taking over from her. After Asia, Africa is the next big thing, and the signs of that are there already, with 6 of the world's ten fastest growing economies on the African continent.

Yeah the olmec figures have always puzzled me. I'm not sure what the explanation is. Thing is, if it were Africans or people of African descent, you'd figure that you'd see the evidence in Mexican DNA. Unless these hypothetical Africans got wiped out somehow...?

Anyway I don't know.

Btw, the Vikings seem to have beaten Columbus by several hundred years:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_the_Americas

ekt_bear: Yeah the olmec figures have always puzzled me. I'm not sure what the explanation is. Thing is, if it were Africans or people of African descent, you'd figure that you'd see the evidence in Mexican DNA. Unless these hypothetical Africans got wiped out somehow...?

Anyway I don't know.

DNA to establish what exactly? That they're Africans??

If I posted THESE images:



[img]http://2.bp..com/-tg7u5bFPbis/UFiYK1bYqUI/AAAAAAAAAFQ/YMALqf8t9Pc/s1600/AN2011-46-med.jpg[/img]



Would you be requesting ''DNA evidence'' to establish that they're Europeans?

The point is, modern Mexicans have little or no African features. They look nothing like those Olmec carvings.

This presumably was the case even upon colonization of America. So the question is...if the Olmecs were African, what happened to their DNA? Why isn't it showing up?

ekt_bear: The point is, modern Mexicans have little or no African features. They look nothing like those Olmec carvings.

This presumably was the case even upon colonization of America. So the question is...if the Olmecs were African, what happened to their DNA? Why isn't it showing up?

Who said it isn't? If it doesn't ''show up'', it's just further evidence of a cover-up.

If you'd found thousands of images of white folk (such as posted above) in the Congo dated to 2000 years ago, and then someone conducted a DNA test on the population and claimed not to have found any trace of white folks, would you not say the DNA results are false or tampered with? I certainly would. Fact is whatever DNA testing is done today MUST match the archaeological discoveries made in the region or else the DNA test was a fraud calculated to obfuscate the truth.

DNA tests are only as useful and authentic as those doing the testing.

Bros, forget about DNA testing for a second and just think about it on an intuitive level.

If the olmecs were African, how come their descendants (people from a part of Mexico) don't look African?

Cow doesn't give birth to goat.

So either
(a) the olmecs weren't african, or
(b) they were and something happened to them...

ekt_bear: Bros, forget about DNA testing for a second and just think about it on an intuitive level.

If the olmecs were African, how come their descendants (people from a part of Mexico) don't look African?

Cow doesn't give birth to goat.

So either
(a) the olmecs weren't african, or
(b) they were and something happened to them...

You seem not to realise that intermarriage by an immigrant group with the local population over thousands of years will eventually meld the visiting group with the local population as to render them indistinguishable.

That's what 'happened to them'.

ROSSIKE: Bumbling illiterate riffraff. The 'proof' you've seen posted up here so far, what have you done with it except display your illiteracy and dumbitude? Have you conducted 5 minutes of research into African history in your entire life? Motor park tout with foam for brains coming to discuss African history. Just get the hell off this thread and go click on Tonto Dikeh, Wizkid, and DBanj issues, let intelligent people discuss here.

ode (f.ool). So dz is how dull u r. I ll nt leave until I ruin dz thread. Blaady idiat.

So an Oduduwa sort of situation where a group of outsiders takes leadership of some local population, but probably doesn't have the #s to affect their DNA much?

Perhaps...I guess that is one explanation. I dunno, maybe.

ekt_bear: So an Oduduwa sort of situation where a group of outsiders takes leadership of some local population, but probably doesn't have the #s to affect their DNA much?

Perhaps...I guess that is one explanation. I dunno, maybe.

Yes. That is not to say that the entire black population was subsumed in the local one though. There were remnants of black populations in the Carribean etc, whom Columbus himself reported seeing in 1492. This was a full 250 years before the start of the trans atlantic slave trade. Here's more:


Africans in the Western Hemisphere before Columbus

By Pat Chin

http://www.workers.org/ww/2000/africa0302.php

Many cultural parallels have emerged that point to the presence of Africans in the Western Hemisphere well before Christopher Columbus accidentally encountered the Americas in 1492.

There is ample evidence from anthropology, linguistics and other scientific disciplines to support the view that the ancient Africans used their knowledge of sea currents and other navigation and boat-building skills to cross the Atlantic Ocean.

These mariners came looking for trade. They brought with them, among other things, plants, animals, cloth, their knowledge of science, technology and the arts. Others may have washed ashore accidentally after being caught in powerful Atlantic currents.

Modern experiments have shown that ancient African boats, including the "dug-out," could have been made seaworthy enough to cross the vast waters. Boat builders in Central Africa's Lake Chad constructed a papyrus craft that was sailed from North Africa to Barbados in the eastern Caribbean in 1969. Other similar journeys have shown that small boats can indeed survive the crossing.

The pre-Columbian presence of Africans in the Western Hemisphere has been deliberately suppressed to reinforce the racist fiction of African inferiority. The Europeans invented this myth to justify the growing slave trade.

But signs can be found in the oral traditions of Guinea and other African countries, as well as in the Native American nations--north and south. Documentary traces have also survived in Portuguese and Spanish writings, including the journals of Columbus.

In addition, "An overwhelming body of new evidence is now emerging from several disciplines, evidence that could not be verified and interpreted before, in light of the infancy of archeology and the great age of racial and intellectual prejudice," wrote anthropologist and linguist Ivan Van Sertima.

In 1492 the Native people of Hispanola--now Haiti and the Dominican Republic--gave Columbus proof that they had been trading with Africans--proof in the form of spears they called "gua-nin." The tips were made of gold, silver and copper, as Columbus later discovered, no doubt to his greedy delight.

According to linguists, "gua-nin" is rooted in the Mande languages of West Africa. Moreover, metallurgy was first developed on that vast and ancient continent.

Columbus later used this information, along with knowledge gained from Portuguese navigators, to sail the "Guinea Route" in 1498 on his third voyage to the Americas. He landed first on the Caribbean island of Trinidad, spotted the South American mainland and called the region the "New World."

Days later, his men brought from a Venezuelan coastal settlement cotton handkerchiefs woven in the colors and styles of Guinea that were used in both cultures as headdresses and loincloths.

This was one of the first documented traces of an African presence in America. "Within the first and second decades of the so-called 'discovery,' " noted Van Sertima, "African settlements and artifacts were to be sighted by the Spanish."

The historical record suggests that the European invaders first spotted a Black settlement on an island off Cartagena, Colombia. Africans also traded with Brazil and settled in Panama and elsewhere on the mainland.

Peruvian tradition, for example, records a tale of Black men from the east who penetrated the Andes mountains before Columbus' arrival. More recently, Africoid skeletal remains were found in pre-Columbian strata in the Pecos River Valley, which straddles Texas and New Mexico

Interestingly enough, many of the early Black settlements were found along the coast where the divisions of the powerful trans-Atlantic Equatorial Current terminates.

The early African presence went beyond the mainland. Not only did the indigenous people of Hispanola give Columbus proof of their trade with African mariners--in 1975 archeologists unearthed two Africoid skeletons in the Virgin Islands which were carbon dated to A.D.1250.

"Black populations have been found in the midst of very different nations," anthropologist Alphonse de Quatrefages wrote of the region.

"Such are the Charruas of Brazil, the Black Caribees of Saint Vincent in the Gulf of Mexico, the Jamassi of Florida. ... Such again is the tribe of which Balboa saw some representatives in his passage of the Isthmus of Darien in 1513."

Some of the most striking evidence that Africans reached the Western Hemisphere before Columbus are the realistic portraitures of Black Africans in clay, gold and stone that have been found in pre-Columbian strata in Central and South America.

But Mexico bears perhaps the greatest and earliest imprints. Skulls found there, along with numerous artifacts and the pyramids, reinforce the view that Africans crossed the Atlantic before Columbus.

Most impressive are the huge stone heads with African features found in three different areas of the ancient Olmec heartland--now Mexico--which flourished between 1500 B.C. and 600 B.C.

Each sculpture--11 in all--stands six to nine feet, weighs up to 40 tons and has been carbon dated to at least 700 B.C. They were built at least 2,000 years before Columbus' voyages set in motion the European slave trade and "the colonization not only of history," according to Dr. John Henrik Clarke, "but also the information about history."

If history were written truthfully you would learn, for example, that Africa seems to have had a strong and enduring influence on Olmec culture. And that it peaked during the same period that Black Egyptian culture ascended in Africa. The first African clay masks, pyramids, mummies, trepannated skulls, stelae and hieroglyphs found in America were also from this era.

[b]Documents in Cairo, Egypt, as well as Mandingo oral tradition reflect the sea voyages of the great Mali Empire from a later period. A year after sending an expeditionary fleet across the Atlantic, in 1311 King Abubakari II sailed west with a huge flotilla.

"Neither of the two Mandingo fleets came back to Mali to tell their story," explained Van Sertima, "but around this same time evidence of contact between West Africans and Mexicans appears in strata in America in an overwhelming combination of artifacts and cultural parallels."

They suggest that the Aztecs might have witnessed Abubakari's landing and thought him to be the reincarnation of one of their gods. "A black-haired, black-bearded figure in white robes," noted Van Sertima, "one of the representations of Quetzalcoatl, modeled on a dark-skinned outsider, appears in paintings in the valley of Mexico, while the Aztecs begin to worship a Negroid figure mistaken for their god Tezcatlipoca because he had the right ceremonial color."[/b]

The pre-Columbian presence of Africans in the Americas is also reflected in linguistic similarities and other cultural parallels including rainmaking rituals, but these are just a few examples of many.

ROSSIKE:

You seem not to realise that intermarriage by an immigrant group with the local population over thousands of years will eventually meld the visiting group with the local population as to render them indistinguishable.

That's what 'happened to them'.

Plausible reason but your absolute affirmation doesn't augur well . . .How are you so sure ? . . .

jmaine:

Plausible reason but your absolute affirmation doesn't augur well . . .How are you so sure ? . . .

"Once you eliminate the impossible, whatever remains, no matter how improbable, must be the truth."
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in "A Scandal in Bohemia", spoken by the character Sherlock Holmes.

It is impossible that the Olmecs were Europeans or Asians. The only conclusion is that they were Africans, who have now long melded into the local population, thus losing their original hue.

A documentary was aired on BBC 3 last year and it was alleged based on DNA, bones, and archaelogical evidence that negroes were the first to live in the Americas... The red indians/native Americans came after them....

The video should be on youtube...

I guess these people were the so-called, olmecs...

The only way an African man could have found America would have been to have drifted there, you cannot get that far out to see unless you make a very large boat of which Africans never did since they had no use for it owing to the fact that they preferred to walk about naked and pray to dog shit. Africans aren't less gifted than Europeans or Asians, we just put too much stock in religion, culture and the ways of our fathers. It took many years of navigation, trial and error, death at sea etc for people to make the kinds of vessels required to travel the oceans, Europe was fully explored and the people had little to learn from the land and turned their curiosity to the oceans, eventually they got brave enough to go out into the open sea, Such a situation never existed in Africa so it is immensely unlikely whoever those heads are made from are Africa.

If we want to understand how those people look African first we must understand how man got to America in the first place given that our known Civilizations started in Africa and the Middle East.

CROWÉ: The only way an African man could have found America would have been to have drifted there, you cannot get that far out to see unless you make a very large boat of which Africans never did since they had no use for it owing to the fact that they preferred to walk about naked and pray to dog shit. Africans aren't less gifted than Europeans or Asians, we just put too much stock in religion, culture and the ways of our fathers. It took many years of navigation, trial and error, death at sea etc for people to make the kinds of vessels required to travel the oceans, Europe was fully explored and the people had little to learn from the land and turned their curiosity to the oceans, eventually they got brave enough to go out into the open sea, Such a situation never existed in Africa so it is immensely unlikely whoever those heads are made from are Africa.

If we want to understand how those people look African first we must understand how man got to America in the first place given that our known Civilizations started in Africa and the Middle East.

FOR GOODNESS SAKE, GO AND STUDY AFRICAN HISTORY BEFORE TYPING IGNORANT, RACIST RUBBISH.