@bigfrancis, @fulaman198 , pls ban this gaynian troll from this section....

Kwametut I'm going to have to ask you to stop violating

3. Don't advocate or encourage violent actions against any person, tribe, race, animals, or group of people.

Your bigoted epithets towards the Igbo people will not be tolerated.

BlackKenichi,

1) Kwametut has been a well-known troll on this forum for some years with his excessive penchant for needless arguments, name calling and particular hatred against Igbo people. He had been TOPIX when it was still popular and when it was no longer trending, he jumped right into nairaland.

2) He goes from thread to thread dropping tribalistic statements and looking for who to engage in e-tribal wars with. Apparently, he is idle and lonely as he has so much time to waste on needless e-battles on nairaland.

3) More bizzare is the fact that he derives excessive sadistic joy in engaging in the attention he receives and e-battles on anonymous forums. The effective well-known treatment for him is to simply ignore him. When next you encounter him elsewhere on another thread, never reply him no matter how strong you feel you need to. When nobody replies his posts, he is known to quietly leave and to look for another elsewhere to continue his ramblings on.

osystein: @bigfrancis, @fulaman198 , pls ban this gaynian troll from this section....

Thank you for bringing the notorious activities of the troll to our attention.

A DNA test study submitted to BMC Medicine in 2012, states that:"....despite the historical evidence that an overwhelming majority of slaves were sent from the Bight of Biafra and West-central Africa near the end of the British slave trade, the mtDNA haplogroup profile of modern Jamaicans show a greater affinity with groups found in the present day Gold Coast region.....this is because Africans arriving from the Gold Coast may have thus found the acclimatization and acculturation process less stressful because of cultural and linguistic commonalities, leading ultimately to a greater chance of survivorship and a greater number of progeny.

More detailed results stated: "Using haplogroup distributions to calculate parental population contribution, the largest admixture coefficient was associated with the Gold Coast (0.477 ± 0.12), suggesting that the people from this region may have been consistently prolific throughout the slave era on Jamaica. The diminutive admixture coefficients associated with the Bight of Biafra and West-central Africa (0.064 ± 0.05 and 0.089 ± 0.05, respectively) is striking considering the massive influx of individuals from these areas in the waning years of the British Slave trade. When excluding the pygmy groups, the contribution from the Bight of Biafra and West-central rise to their highest levels (0.095 ± 0.08 and 0.109 ± 0.06, respectively), though still far from a major contribution. When admixture coefficients were calculated by assessing shared haplotypes, the Gold Coast also had the largest contribution, though much less striking at 0.196, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.189 to 0.203. Interestingly, when haplotypes are allowed to differ by one base pair, the Jamaican matriline shows the greatest affinity with the Bight of Benin, though both Bight of Biafra and West-central Africa remain underrepresented. The results of the admixture analysis suggest the mtDNA haplogroup profile distribution of Jamaica more closely resembles that of aggregated populations from the modern day Gold Coast region despite an increasing influx of individuals from both the Bight of Biafra and West-central Africa during the final years of the trade."[12]

[size=16pt]African influences on knowledge and technology in America pt.1[/size]

[size=15pt]Rice cultivation: [/size]

"While there is no consensus on how rice first reached the American coast, there is much debate over the contribution of African-born slaves to its successful cultivation. New research demonstrates that the European planters lacked prior knowledge of rice farming, while uncovering the long history of skilled rice cultivation in West Africa. Furthermore, Islamic, Portuguese, and Dutch traders all encountered and documented extensive rice cultivation in Africa before South Carolina was even settled. At first rice was treated like other crops, it was planted in fields and watered by rains. By the mid-18th century, planters used inland swamps to grow rice by accumulating water in a reservoir, then releasing the stored water as needed during the growing season for weeding and watering. Similarly, prior records detail Africans controlling springs and run off with earthen embankments for the same purposes of weeding and watering. Soon after this method emerged, a second evolution occurred, this time to tidewater production, a technique that had already been perfected by West African farmers. Instead of depending upon a reservoir of water, this technique required skilled manipulation of tidal flows and saline-freshwater interactions to attain high levels of productivity in the floodplains of rivers and streams. Changing from inland swamp cultivation to tidal production created higher expectations from plantation owners. Slaves became responsible for five acres of rice, three more than had been possible previously. Because of this new evidence coming to light, some historians contend that African-born slaves provided critical expertise in the cultivation of rice in South Carolina. The detailed and extensive rice cultivating systems increased demand for slave imports in South Carolina, doubling the slave population between 1750 and 1770. These slaves faced long days of backbreaking work and difficult tasks."
http://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/3rice/3facts1.htm

[size=16pt]African influences on knowledge and technology in America pt.2[/size]

[size=15pt]Metallurgy: [/size]

As many of you probably know already up until the greater part of the 18th century West African metallurgy technology was far more advanced than than that of Europe. Well, what you probably don't know that these techniques brought by African slaves was used to fuel the iron industry in various parts of the Americas? I'll focus on what's today the US, but realize that it happened all over the Americas.

Maryland:

"According to Jean Libby, in her study of slave ironworkers in western Maryland, ironmaking was a well-developed craft in many West African societies. Comparing African iron production with that practiced in America, Libby found many similarities "in furnace technology and cultural practices." [92] There is some evidence that slave traders valued Africans with skills or at least those from iron-producing regions who might possess skills. [93] There also exists limited evidence that some slaves practiced their native skills in America. A 1760 newspaper advertisement, for instance, calls attention to a runaway slave "imported in 1760, so that he scarcely speaks any English, but can work at the Smith's Trade, having been employed in his own Country in that way." [94] Citing the recent arrival status of those buried at the Catoctin slave cemetery, Libby offers the hypothesis that Catoctin slave furnace workers may have had backgrounds as African iron workers and brought elements of African ironworking skills with them. [95] While provocative and fascinating, the Catoctin Furnace does not offer the sort of evidence needed to support such a claim. Nevertheless, if first generation African slaves did work at the furnace, they would have brought elements of West African culture with them to the Catoctins.""
http://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/cato/hrs2b.htm

Pennsylvania:

"Regardless of the way these individuals were obtained for forced labor, many of them were
possibly skilled in the art of iron making. The Journal of the British Iron and Steel Institute
noted in 1872 that ―it appears that the negro tribes in the interior of Africa, some 800 miles from
Natal, are extremely expert in the manufacture of wrought iron which they smelt in little clay
furnaces.‖177Despite the fact that outside observers such as Acrelius had seen slaves of African
descent working as laborers in unskilled professions, there were numerous accounts
demonstrating their proficiency in the skilled job areas of the ironworks as well. Scholar Arthur
Bining, for example, declared that while only a ―few skilled Negro workers were found at the
blast furnaces,‖ there were in fact many others ―who were employed at the forges‖ such as
―Green Lane, Durham, Martic, Pine, New Pine, Mount Joy (Valley), Charming, Pottsgrove, and
others.‖ Bining contended that many of these individuals even ―performed the skilled tasks of
refining and drawing iron into bars,‖ an occupation that was typically the highest skilled job
available at an ironworks."
http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bhp/blackhistory/african-american-labor-in-pennsylvania-1644-to-1860.pdf

[size=13pt]"African Ironmaking Culture Among African American Ironworkers in Western Maryland, 1760 - 1850."[/size]
http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-africa&month=9811&week=d&msg=IIUVbfbFpx1hzDGR55dU6g

[size=13pt]"Adinkra Symbols in New Orleans Ironwork"[/size]
http://flapjackslincoln.com/Abana-article.html

[size=16pt]African influences on knowledge and technology in America pt.3[/size]

[size=15pt]Medicine- Smallpox Inoculation: [/size]

"The knowledge of inoculating oneself against smallpox seems to have been known to West Africans, more specifically the Akan. A slave named Onesimus explained the inoculation procedure to Cotton Mather during the 18th century, he reported to have gotten the knowledge from Africa."

"The most fearsome of all was smallpox, the disease that wiped out so many Native Americans at the time of European settlement, and that also killed large numbers of the English. A terrible epidemic came in 1721, infecting roughly half of Boston’s 11,000 residents. But Boston’s approach to public health changed that year, thanks to an experimental strategy for inoculating citizens with small traces of the disease.

The idea behind this radical new treatment came from Africa, specifically from a slave named Onesimus, who shared his knowledge with Cotton Mather, the town’s leading minister and his legal owner. Boston still suffered dreadfully, but thanks to Onesimus and Mather, the terror linked to smallpox began to recede after Africans rolled up their sleeves—literally—to show Boston how inoculation worked. The story of how Boston began to overcome smallpox illustrates the strife that epidemics can cause, but also the encouraging notion that humans can communicate remedies as quickly as they communicate germs—and that the solutions we most need often come from the places we least expect to find them"

"Mather had come close to choosing a career in medicine, and devoured the scientific publications of the Royal Society in London. As the society began to turn its attention to inoculation practices around the world, Mather realized that he had an extraordinary expert living in his household. Onesimus was a “pretty Intelligent Fellow,” it had become clear to him. When asked if he’d ever had smallpox, Onesimus answered “Yes and No,” explaining that he had been inoculated with a small amount of smallpox, which had left him immune to the disease. Fascinated, Mather asked for details, which Onesimus provided, and showed him his scar. We can almost hear Onesimus speaking in Mather’s accounts, for Mather took the unusual step of writing out his words with the African accent included—the key phrase was, “People take Juice of Small-Pox; and Cutty-skin, and Putt in a Drop.”

Excited, he investigated among other Africans in Boston and realized that it was a widespread practice; indeed, a slave could be expected to fetch a higher price with a scar on his arm, indicating that he was immune. Mather sent the Royal Society his own reports from the wilds of America, eager to prove the relevance of Boston (and by extension, Cotton Mather) to the global crusade against infectious disease. His interviews with Onesimus were crucial. In 1716, writing to an English friend, he promised that he would be ready to promote inoculation if smallpox ever visited the city again."


http://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2014/10/17/how-african-slave-helped-boston-fight-smallpox/XFhsMMvTGCeV62YP0XhhZI/story.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoculation#West_Africa
http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3491675?sid=21105624349063&uid=2&uid=4
http://hutchinscenter.fas.harvard.edu/dubois/projects/african-american-national-biography/sample-entries/onesimus-fl-1706-1717-slave-and

@Fulaman198 Do you know my second post may have been deleted and my "Supper" account was temporarily banned randomly by the spam-bot?

Goop:
@Fulaman198 Do you know my second post may have been deleted and my "Supper" account was temporarily banned randomly by the spam-bot?

I'll look for your posts

Unbanned supper

Fulaman198:
Unbanned supper

lol I was unbanned for a little bit, then once I edited the post, the spam boy re-deleted it and banned me again.

Ok unbanned again Supper

Fulaman198:
Ok unbanned again Supper

Appreciated it. lol I'll just leave that post alone.

The Nigerian culture