₦airaland Forum

Did he stop proposal or wedding?

Though the beginning may be small but the end shall greatly increase

audio 10 ten

Ela oju kan

This is what we call transmission, transmission, transmission.

A successful person is he who has a successor.
Kudos to Rinaldo Snr.

ChieduJoshua081:
Can you people ever stop comparing people for once? Everytime comparism. are we now in the world to compete with people?

Yes, we are in the world to compete, contribute and comot

In breeding

Mating between individuals of the same breed but which are more closely relate than the average of the breed. This could be between as close individuals as full sibs or sire – daughter, mother - son. Pure breeding is a special kind of in-breeding.
The effect of inbreeding is the concentration of common genes in the offspring. This high frequency of homozygous gene pairs applies to both desirable and undesirable traits. Many undesirable traits e.g. hernia and cryptorchidism involve recessive genes thus inbreeding perpetuates their expression phenotypically. In breeding causes decrease in litter size and increases mortality. Inbred sows are
inferior in milking and mothering ability. It delays sexual maturity in gilts and boars. Inbred boars have less sexual libido. Inbred gilts have fewer eggs during oestrus and farrow smaller litters than those out bred.

Effect of In-Breeding
a. Sow with newly borne litters about 12 piglets.
b. Male and Female piglets taken by another farmers to his home.
c. Breeding between the same siblings.
d. Female giving birth about 9 piglets
e. About 25 % less no of smaller and weak piglets are born as compared with first sow and some of them were borne dead
f. Male and Female piglet taken by another farmers to his home
g. Breeding between the same siblings about six piglets.
h. About 50 % less no of vey smaller and weak piglets born as compared with the first sow, some of them were borne dead

Welcome Class,

Out breeding
Mating individuals of the same breed but who are less closely related than the average of the breed. There should not be a common ancestor for at least four generation back in the pedigree of the boar and the females with which he is mated. It is a useful mating system in purebred individuals.

callmeVIBRANT:
Anthony Joshua is a British professional boxer.. meanwhile Nigerians carry the matter for their head.. smh

Yes, because blood is thicker than water!!!

@OP, please what's the name of the group

Class let me have your view before we meet in the next training

Thanks

Pure-breeding

Mating purebred individuals of the same breed. The progeny has the same genetic makeup. The major objective of pure-breeding is to identify and propagate superior genes for use in commercial production primarily in crossbreeding programs as well as to propagate and identify superior females for maintaining valuable genetic material. Furthermore crossbreeding will not be worthwhile unless superior pure bred individuals are used.

(c) BREEDING: Crosses between native and exotic for Improvement of local breeds - (i) Pure-breeding (ii) Out breeding (iii) In breeding

Crosses between native and exotic for Improvement of local breeds:
Breed improvement is important in obtaining improved and high yielding animals. The main purpose of breed improvement is to introduce a positive characteristic into a local breed. For example: by crossbreeding an indigenous sow with an exotic boar; the offspring is likely to inherit the body shape and good growth rate from its father and the tolerance to environmental stress from its mother.

2 in, 2 out on the same day.

if you know you know

Hello Class,

Pig Production Systems
There are three ways pigs can be raised or kept. Similar to poultry, cattle and other livestock animals, pigs can be raised under:
1. Extensive or Free-range system
2. Semi-intensive system
3. Intensive system

Extensive or Free-range system
This is a system in which the pigs are allowed to move around without limits or unconfined. The animals find and scavenge for food themselves while the farmer supplements this with agricultural byproducts or kitchen waste. In the evening, the pigs return to the enclosure made for them as shelter. This enclosure is usually a small place made of sticks and a simple roof.
In this type of management system of pig, local pig breeds are usually kept and bred because they have high resistance to diseases and can manage with low-quality food/feed. One of the advantages of this extensive system is that little, or no money is spent in providing food or veterinary services for the pigs.
Under the extensive or free-range system, the pigs are allowed to mate indiscriminately, giving room for inbreeding. Hence, the reason for poor-quality and poorly performing offspring. Quality of pigs is usually a priority to the farmers since the pigs are not kept or bred as a regular source of income or meat production. The pigs are sold when the keeper needs extra cash or they are present as gifts during festive seasons.

Semi-Intensive System
Semi-intensive system involves confining the pigs to limited space or area. The keeper provides all the feed, water and veterinary services that the animals need because they are not allowed to scavenge or find food and water for themselves. So the pigs are feed with kitchen wastes and agricultural byproducts such as corn husks and cobs, cassava peels, yam peels, etc.
Under this type of management system, the pigs are allowed to graze on grasses within the confined space. The pregnant sows are usually given special attention and provided with extra food.
Unlike in the extensive system, farmers keeping pigs under a semi-intensive system spends more time and effort on the pigs. The financial inputs are fairly low but more technical knowledge about pig production is required.

Intensive System
The intensive system is the best and recommended system of keeping pigs if the production goal is to generate income. Under this system, pigs are kept indoors or in pens and not allowed to move outside. The pens are constructed in such a way that the pigs can eat and drink in their pen. This is the type of management system practiced by commercial pig farms. If you want to start a pig farm, then you must choose this system to get the best from the animals.

Most of the discussion here shall focus more on Africa perspective especially Nigeria where I am operating from.

Whatever you desire, believe and you shall achieve it.

Questions and contributions would be highly welcomed.

See you in the next class.

Remain a success

Exotic Breeds
The most common pig breeds for commercial pig production are the Yorkshire, Landrace, Hampshire, Duroc, and Tibetan, Tamworth and Meishan breeds and their crosses. These breeds produce lean meat combined with efficient feed conversion (3 kg of good feed is needed to produce 1 kg of pork). Compared to local pig breeds, these commercial breeds are less resistant to diseases and suffer more from hot weather and low quality feeds. Pure exotic breeds generally do not perform well in rural pig production systems.

1. Yorkshire The features are as follows:
Yorkshire: white, long body, erect ears, good mothers, live weight of a mature male 300 – 450 and female 250 - 350 kg.
High prolificacy, with a litter size of 12, weaning percent of > 70, and 7 pairs of teats.
Widely used for upgrading local breeds.

2. Landrace The features are as follows:
Landrace: white, large drooping ears, long body, good mothers. One of the newest breeds of a Danish origin.
They are noted for having the highest number of pigs per litter, average live weight of matured male is 310 – 400 kg
and female is 250 – 330 kg.
Good for Bacon production. High prolificacy, average litter size of 11 with a good weaning rate.

3. Hampshire The features are as follows:
Hampshire: black, white belt, muscular. Average live weight of matured male 300 kg and female is 250 kg.
Good for Bacon production.
High prolificacy, with a litter size of 9 with high weaning rate.

4. Duroc The features are as follows:
Duroc: red, muscular, partially drooping ears, desirable as sires.
They grow the fastest out of all the other breeds. Average live weight of matured male 300 kg and female is 250 kg.
High prolificacy, with a litter size of 9 with high weaning rate.

5. Tibetan The features are as follows:
The Tibetan breed of pig is especially adapted to the high hills, cold climate and to being on pasture all year round. It
is characterized by: Light body weight (mature wt about 35 kg .)
Black hair coat, with long and dense bristles. Highly developed digestive organs; the length of the intestine is about 36 times its own body length.
Ability to deposit fat in the body. The internal and visceral fat is about 15 percent of body weight.
Muscles with a marble appearance and meat with a special flavor.
Low prolificacy, with average litter size of 5, weaning percent of 69, and 5 pairs of teats.

6. Tamworth The features are as follows:
Tamworth: Ginger, golden red to dark red colored breed with a long head, prick ears, a straight face and snout, and a long, narrow body.
Mature boar may weigh 245 – 265 kg and sow 200 – 300 kg. They produce smaller litters than other commercial breeds.

7. Meishan The features are as follows:
The Meishan breed of pig was developed in China and characterized by:
A black colored breed with short legs, big stomach, deep back and very ugly face are the major visible features.
Very high prolificacy, with a litter size of 14 -17 with average birth weight 900gm, weaning of 11 - 12, and having 8-9 pairs of teats.
Daily weight gain is 300 – 400 gm with FCR 5:1. An adult male weight about 450 kg and female weight 350 kg average.

No Victor, No Vanquish

Good Evening Class,

As much as possible just like the topic we are treating says, "Practical" so I won't us with much theory. Today we shall be talking about

(b) Breeds: Local Breed and Exotic Breeds

Local Breed: Local breeds are different from one place to the other, so we are not going to treat much of this. In Nigeria, our local breeds look like this with the follow features:
1. They are a small body size compared to other exotic and crosses pig types
2. Most of them are kept under scavenging systems.
3. Resistance to several diseases and parasites.
4. They are always stronger than the exotic and crosses pig types

Some are fighting and killing themselves over what some are leaving.
VANITY upon VANITY

Are you sure it's because you don't want to cheat or you are a dullard?
17 times!!!
Tell me a true story.

Guys said I should tell the OP that her CV is not complete. Where is her marital status?

Celebrate with those celebrating, so that you can be celebrated. QED

To be forwarned........

There's ability in every disability

Future is hopeful in Nigeria

God is the final judge

You can choose your action but you can't choose the consequence

Rest in Peace