₦airaland Forum

we the Inec adhoc staffs really suffered 4 dis Inec people..we need to know how much is being paid and how is the payment going to be made.....anambra PEO paid #4000#as feeding allowance....they re busy now announcing d results without recognizing us dat ensured that d results were made possible.... drop how much u re paid as feeding allowance.... and what of our training allowance...........

G-wagon.....my crush along with Lexus jeep

pls admin add me 07032083132 on watsup gp

what a day.(7.03.2015)....finally a medical lab scientist....after 5 yrs in the den...University of Nigeria,Enugu campus....thank baba God....it was never easy.........but we passed them all...baba noni

SaintOzone:
Did u submit at Nnewi bcoz I went there, they said they were not collecting so I went to Awka and submitted.

. yea...I submitted in nnewi...I guess u didn't submit on
tyme ..that's y they asked u to go to awka....BT since d
LGA DAT u filled is nnewi.....u probably be checking at
LGA nnewi....kip me updated pls.....cuz I not in town
nw.....07032083132..my number....visit d LGA to know
hw far....

yea...I submitted in nnewi...I guess u didn't submit on tyme ..that's y they asked u to go to awka....BT since d LGA DAT u filled is nnewi.....u probably be checking at LGA nnewi....kip me updated pls.....cuz I not in town nw.....07032083132..my number....visit d LGA to know hw far....

pls....any update 4rm those that submitted at nnewi north LGA........

......

GboyegaD:
Where are the pictures?

....
d pics re there nw

just back From my Village Xmas cultural display at Agulu...in Anambra state of Nigeria.it was really wonderful and lively as people group out enmass to witness and enjoy sweet and lively traditional displays....more pics..happening at the popular afor agulu........
here they are! I rep agulu to the fullest

pls can somebody help me with a link where I can download tuface recent album

the first half was never OK 4 Mikel although he tried....he only showed his klass after d 1st goal cuz Newcastle midfielders went on defendn thus leaving d center 4 Mikel to play.......I really enjoyed his long passes.....nice prefect long passes....

I was opportune to have the 2014 full album of FLAVOUR,MI ABAGA,OLAMIDE,WIzKId in my phone. initially, MI's album seems to be the killer but I think olamide's album is the best for now,These Dudes are talented

pls I need d book...mine is obianokwaluc@gmail.com

I was opportune to have listened to sharing life issues with chaz...I was deeply impressed and motivational speeches from were great........rip charles

[quote author=cerzo post=26876546]chelsea 2 aresnal 0
I WS right abt d score

chelsea 2 aresnal 0
add yours

chai...like azu..point nd kill

azu ndu..........bussy

congrats bros,d struggle continues...nowdays undergraduates unionism is no longer taken serious...imagine d oda day..d sug of university of nig.enugu campus ws made to sleep in d police cell for abt 4 to 5 days...d students were as dumb as..

In no distant tyme..top position awaits u..d struggles of d true activist cn never be forgotten

best way to avoid this fast killing disease is just to stay indoor as long as possible..operation stay indoor.d govt shld impose curfew in every states in nigeria

remb ebola virus is on spread..be careful of hw u travel

i strongly believe that these suicide girl bombers are the chibok girls,,,,

rubbish,,,,,pls we believe in jona ,,,,,,,,,,d northerns shld killed themselves.... it is nt our buz

Ebola virus disease

Fact sheet N°103
Updated April 2014
Key facts

Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans.
EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 90%.
EVD outbreaks occur primarily in remote villages in Central and West Africa, near tropical rainforests.
The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission.
Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to be the natural host of the Ebola virus.
Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. No licensed specific treatment or vaccine is available for use in people or animals.

Ebola first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, in Nzara, Sudan, and in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter was in a village situated near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name.

Genus Ebolavirus is 1 of 3 members of the Filoviridae family (filovirus), along with genus Marburgvirus and genus Cuevavirus. Genus Ebolavirus comprises 5 distinct species:

Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV)
Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV)
Reston ebolavirus (RESTV)
Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV)
Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV).

BDBV, EBOV, and SUDV have been associated with large EVD outbreaks in Africa, whereas RESTV and TAFV have not. The RESTV species, found in Philippines and the People’s Republic of China, can infect humans, but no illness or death in humans from this species has been reported to date.
Transmission

Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals. In Africa, infection has been documented through the handling of infected chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead or in the rainforest.

Ebola then spreads in the community through human-to-human transmission, with infection resulting from direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and indirect contact with environments contaminated with such fluids. Burial ceremonies in which mourners have direct contact with the body of the deceased person can also play a role in the transmission of Ebola. Men who have recovered from the disease can still transmit the virus through their semen for up to 7 weeks after recovery from illness.

Health-care workers have frequently been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed EVD. This has occurred through close contact with patients when infection control precautions are not strictly practiced.

Among workers in contact with monkeys or pigs infected with Reston ebolavirus, several infections have been documented in people who were clinically asymptomatic. Thus, RESTV appears less capable of causing disease in humans than other Ebola species.

However, the only available evidence available comes from healthy adult males. It would be premature to extrapolate the health effects of the virus to all population groups, such as immuno-compromised persons, persons with underlying medical conditions, pregnant women and children. More studies of RESTV are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn about the pathogenicity and virulence of this virus in humans.
Signs and symptoms

EVD is a severe acute viral illness often characterized by the sudden onset of fever, intense weakness, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. This is followed by vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, impaired kidney and liver function, and in some cases, both internal and external bleeding. Laboratory findings include low white blood cell and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes.

People are infectious as long as their blood and secretions contain the virus. Ebola virus was isolated from semen 61 days after onset of illness in a man who was infected in a laboratory.

The incubation period, that is, the time interval from infection with the virus to onset of symptoms, is 2 to 21 days.
Diagnosis

Other diseases that should be ruled out before a diagnosis of EVD can be made include: malaria, typhoid fever, shigellosis, cholera, leptospirosis, plague, rickettsiosis, relapsing fever, meningitis, hepatitis and other viral haemorrhagic fevers.

;Ebola virus infections can be diagnosed definitively in a laboratory through several types of tests

antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
antigen detection tests
serum neutralization test
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
electron microscopy
virus isolation by cell culture.

Samples from patients are an extreme biohazard risk; testing should be conducted under maximum biological containment conditions.
Vaccine and treatment

No licensed vaccine for EVD is available. Several vaccines are being tested, but none are available for clinical use.

Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. Patients are frequently dehydrated and require oral rehydration with solutions containing electrolytes or intravenous fluids.

No specific treatment is available. New drug therapies are being evaluated.
Natural host of Ebola virus

In Africa, fruit bats, particularly species of the genera Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata, are considered possible natural hosts for Ebola virus. As a result, the geographic distribution of Ebolaviruses may overlap with the range of the fruit bats.
Ebola virus in animals

Although non-human primates have been a source of infection for humans, they are not thought to be the reservoir but rather an accidental host like human beings. Since 1994, Ebola outbreaks from the EBOV and TAFV species have been observed in chimpanzees and gorillas.

RESTV has caused severe EVD outbreaks in macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) farmed in Philippines and detected in monkeys imported into the USA in 1989, 1990 and 1996, and in monkeys imported to Italy from Philippines in 1992.

Since 2008, RESTV viruses have been detected during several outbreaks of a deadly disease in pigs in People’s Republic of China and Philippines. Asymptomatic infection in pigs has been reported and experimental inoculations have shown that RESTV cannot cause disease in pigs.
Prevention and control
Controlling Reston ebolavirus in domestic animals

No animal vaccine against RESTV is available. Routine cleaning and disinfection of pig or monkey farms (with sodium hypochlorite or other detergents) should be effective in inactivating the virus.

If an outbreak is suspected, the premises should be quarantined immediately. Culling of infected animals, with close supervision of burial or incineration of carcasses, may be necessary to reduce the risk of animal-to-human transmission. Restricting or banning the movement of animals from infected farms to other areas can reduce the spread of the disease.

As RESTV outbreaks in pigs and monkeys have preceded human infections, the establishment of an active animal health surveillance system to detect new cases is essential in providing early warning for veterinary and human public health authorities.
Reducing the risk of Ebola infection in people

In the absence of effective treatment and a human vaccine, raising awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take is the only way to reduce human infection and death.

In Africa, during EVD outbreaks, educational public health messages for risk reduction should focus on several factors:

Reducing the risk of wildlife-to-human transmission from contact with infected fruit bats or monkeys/apes and the consumption of their raw meat. Animals should be handled with gloves and other appropriate protective clothing. Animal products (blood and meat) should be thoroughly cooked before consumption.
Reducing the risk of human-to-human transmission in the community arising from direct or close contact with infected patients, particularly with their bodily fluids. Close physical contact with Ebola patients should be avoided. Gloves and appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn when taking care of ill patients at home. Regular hand washing is required after visiting patients in hospital, as well as after taking care of patients at home.
Communities affected by Ebola should inform the population about the nature of the disease and about outbreak containment measures, including burial of the dead. People who have died from Ebola should be promptly and safely buried.

Pig farms in Africa can play a role in the amplification of infection because of the presence of fruit bats on these farms. Appropriate biosecurity measures should be in place to limit transmission. For RESTV, educational public health messages should focus on reducing the risk of pig-to-human transmission as a result of unsafe animal husbandry and slaughtering practices, and unsafe consumption of fresh blood, raw milk or animal tissue. Gloves and other appropriate protective clothing should be worn when handling sick animals or their tissues and when slaughtering animals. In regions where RESTV has been reported in pigs, all animal products (blood, meat and milk) should be thoroughly cooked before eating.
Controlling infection in health-care settings

Human-to-human transmission of the Ebola virus is primarily associated with direct or indirect contact with blood and body fluids. Transmission to health-care workers has been reported when appropriate infection control measures have not been observed.

It is not always possible to identify patients with EBV early because initial symptoms may be non-specific. For this reason, it is important that health-care workers apply standard precautions consistently with all patients – regardless of their diagnosis – in all work practices at all times. These include basic hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (according to the risk of splashes or other contact with infected materials), safe injection practices and safe burial practices.

Health-care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed Ebola virus should apply, in addition to standard precautions, other infection control measures to avoid any exposure to the patient’s blood and body fluids and direct unprotected contact with the possibly contaminated environment. When in close contact (within 1 metre) of patients with EBV, health-care workers should wear face protection (a face shield or a medical mask and goggles), a clean, non-sterile long-sleeved gown, and gloves (sterile gloves for some procedures).

Laboratory workers are also at risk. Samples taken from suspected human and animal Ebola cases for diagnosis should be handled by trained staff and processed in suitably equipped laboratories.
WHO response

WHO provides expertise and documentation to support disease investigation and control.

Recommendations for infection control while providing care to patients with suspected or confirmed Ebola haemorrhagic fever are provided in: Interim infection control recommendations for care of patients with suspected or confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) haemorrhagic fever, March 2008. This document is currently being updated.

WHO has created an aide–memoire on standard precautions in health care (currently being updated). Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens. If universally applied, the precautions would help prevent most transmission through exposure to blood and body fluids.

Standard precautions are recommended in the care and treatment of all patients regardless of their perceived or confirmed infectious status. They include the basic level of infection control—hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment to avoid direct contact with blood and body fluids, prevention of needle stick and injuries from other sharp instruments, and a set of environmental controls.

jerryjere: Who told you that they we sack José baba you dey watch ball at all

sorry to tell u this,,,i guess u know nothing abt football............do u knw hw many coaches dat drogbra,ballack,lampard,terry,cashly cole hve sacked in chelsea fc....
get u facts right before u type again

yet to understand the reason behind chelsea fc resigning of dider Drogbra.......


Too old for me..
we got strikers that will perform this season
he is not the type of player that likes staying on the bench like snail mikel
he got influence which can for sure disrupt the dressing room
a clique of big boys(drogbra,terry;cech)can sack mourihno when they re nt played

i play wth real madrid most time......4231pepe,(sergios,arbeloa,marcelo,,,,alonso,modric/essien, c.ronaldo,ozil/kaka,di maria..benzema) bt i hve an opponent dat normally beats me wth arsernal...he plays more of wing football wth d speed of walcot(triple o ie down crossing) nd d giroud been most of the scorer .....pls advise me on how to overcome him.......pls

pls help me pals..i m currently using my E6 phone..bt i need an android phone that will be better than E6..techno or samsung thns..advice me on which make nd model to buy...budget... 60k

sme parents re only after money..they dnt care abt d future nd joys of d kids..imagine forcing one against his wish..4 me...man city is too big nd also sendn d mvp , world cup winner to local ghana where nigeria is better than is an insult to us...is he nt worthly to be in their feeder team there in england.. . pa james, greed kills oooo..allow d boy to enjoy his football cuz he is massively talented ooooo.

#team cambridge#date is feb 14#...gettn my return ticket ready