MENSTRUAL CYCLE 101: UNDERSTANDING THE A-Z OF YOUR CYCLE!


Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA


Giving the pervasive ignorance on a subject as extremely important as menstruation/ovulation and the seeming frustration on undertanding the technalities of menstruation and ovulation among young ladies, DoctorsHub Nigeria, Nigeria's foremost online medical consultancy portal is taking the bull by the horns and addressing the issue squarely!

With its FREE monthly Whatsapp health seminars, DoctorsHub NG is demystifying the subject of menstruation, ovulation and other equally important areas of the female physiology, and by extension, encourage ladies to seek urgent medical care when there is a serious need for it. Seasoned medical doctors would be anchoring the seminar and practically any question or complaint on the subject of ovulation and menstruation would get instant replies from our seasoned doctors.

Please click on the Whatsapp link below to be a part of this FREE seminar:
https:///H1Bsf3WnSmE2jb5PqSiQo8


#Share.

Original post edited and abridged.



What is medical negligence?

Medical negligence, also known as professional negligence, is an act or omission (failure to act) by a medical professional that deviates from the accepted medical standard of care (Alllaw.com). Just to emphasize this point, allow me quote a section from the Code of Medical Ethics in Nigeria: "A practitioner shall see and attend to all patients under his care, as frequently as their conditions demand, and record in the case notes relevant clinical findings at each visit".

Bearing the above definition in mind, what then constitutes medical negligence and when can one confidently approach the law courts or relevant bodies with disciplinary powers to sanction offending health centers or medical practitioners.

Quite frankly, establishing a strong, tenable case of medical negligence, given the plethora of Nigeria's social problems that prevent medical doctors from effectively discharging their duties to their fullest abilities, is not easily realizable. Notwithstanding, you can make a good case if you can adequately establish the following:

#1. That the medical practitioner failed to PROMPTLY attend to a patient in need of urgent medical care when the practitioner was in a position to do so.

#2. That the medical practitioner demonstrated glaring incompetence and unskillfulness in the assessment of the patient.

#3. That the medical practitioner misdiagnosed the patient even when there were very obvious clinical features for any competent practitioner to have easily made an accurate diagnosis.

#4. That the practitioner failed in his obligation to adequately inform the patient about the severity of his or her condition or failed to advise the patient about the potentially unfavourable outcomes of a particular cause of treatment especially if the patient eventually suffers some serious side effects.

#5. That the practitioner failed in his obligation to get an informed consent signed by the patient or their guardian, before proceeding any high risk medical procedures that require an informed consent.

#6. That the practitioner erred in the managment of the patient's condition by either prescribing the wrong drugs or dosage for an accurately diagnosed medical condition, or by carrying out an unnecessary medical procedure such as amputation of a wrong body part e.g right limb instead of left limb or carelessness in treatment that results in termination of pregnancy or other serious complications that would have been avoided.

#7. That the practitioner failed to refer a patient when it was needed or delayed referral of the patient until it became too late and complications ensued.

#8. That the practitioner failed in his/her obligation to regularly attend to and see a patient as often as the patient's condition warrants or failed to document relevant findings regarding the patient's condition in the case notes.

#9. That the practitioner failed to adequately inform the patient or the patient's guardian/relatives about the severity, progress and chances of survival of the patient.

#10. That the medical practitioner failed to do any reasonable thing, that would have been done by any other medical practitioner, in alleviating the patient's deterioration or in preventing an avoidable death.

Now, you may think these things are easy to prove, but trust me, they are not that easy. A lot of social factors in Nigeria have reduced the efficacy of these laws and the extent to which they can be used. For example, would you describe as medical negligence the death of a patient whose condition required that a brain CT scan be done before proper treatment can is instituted but whose relatives could not afford the high cost of paying for a CT scan? This and a lot more are the reasons why medical law is still not as huge a practice as it is in other climes where things work.

That said, there are cases of outright medical negligence, even when all the Nigerian social factors are considered, that happen daily. These are misnomers and should you find yourself (I pray you don't) in the care of such a negligent doctor or health facility, please don't shy away from using all the necessary apparatus of our law to seek redress and get justice! Actions like this will help sanitize the Nigerian health system off quacks and profit-motivated practitioners.

NB: I feel compelled to state here the majority of Nigerian doctors are very good at what they do. However, we rarely praise their efforts given the impossible condition they work in. Usually, we only share and spread news that undermine the overall image of the Nigerian doctor even when it is not necessarily so. Let us also praise those doctors who have done well even as we vilify the bad eggs in the system.


Culled from DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA

Also read:

INFORMED CONSENT: SHOULD I SIGN IT OR NOT? https://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/07/03/informed-consent-should-i-sign-it-or-not/

5 MEDICAL MISTAKES YOU CAN SUE YOU DOCTOR FOR! https://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/02/22/5-medical-mistakes-you-can-sue-your-doctor-for/








https://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/07/03/medical-negligence-understanding-what-it-is-and-when-to-sue/

5 MPORTANT HEALTH TIPS FOR THE MONTH OF JULY!


1. EAT RIGHT AND HEALTHY: Majority of the infections we get are from the foods and drinks we consume. Presently, there is Cholera scare all over the world. Be very mindful of the foods you eat. Cook your foods properly. Wash your fruits thoroughly before eating. Don't just eat anything. Look at the environment where the food is prepared. Is it clean enough? Be mindful and serious about what goes through you mouth.

2. STAY PHSICALLY ACTIVE: Exercise is just too important to not take seriously, especially now that most people are taking on jobs which see them sitting in air-conditioned offices for long hours. Make it a point to break a sweat! Take the stairs instead of the elevator. Occasionally take a stroll just for fitness sakes. And if you can afford a gim, patronize one. Burn some excess fat, guys!

3. MAINTAIN A POSITIVE MINDSET: Health is impossible without a positive mindset. In fact, psychological wellbeing is also a component of health as clearly stated in WHO's definition of health. Discard from your mind every harmful thought that makes you unhappy. Keep away from people who feed your mind with negative thoughts. Don't allow depressive thoughts make make you sick or suicidal. Dream BIG. Grow. Achieve good success and be genuinely happy.

4. KEEP A CLEAN, HYGIENIC ENVIRONMENT: The extent to which any nation or city is considered healthy is a function of how clean it is. There can never be genuine health in an unclean environment. Start with your room... keep it clean. Then move out and ensure that your immediate environment is kept clean as well at all times. Don't provide diseases and germs the enabling environment to replicate and cause epidemics. Be clean inside out.

5. CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR: This is too important. Don't wait until your symptoms cripple you before you start looking for help. At the first sign or symptom of discomfort, consult a doctor asap. Get medical help when that help can dramatically increase your chances of total cure. Don't die in silence.

VISIT www.doctorshub.com.ng/our-doctors to consult any of our doctors for FREE or simply message us on our dedicated whatsapp Iines below:

+2347053873751
+2348169665276
+2349026956152


HAPPY NEW MONTH TO YOU ALL!!!


Courtesy: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA





www.doctorshub.com.ng

mikky4764:
I don't really like painkillers because of it's side effects, if I have headche, I try the water therapy and rest but if it doesn't work, I can just take a tablet, I dont take two at a time.

I like your strategy. I personally try resting or napping whenever I have a headache. Usually, I feel relieved afterwards. If I don't get some improvement, I take two tablets and that's it for the day. In any case, do whatever works for you....but do it in moderation.

nkowalo:
that drug can't treat headache but can only help for menstrual pain. am talking from experience.

Well, that would depend on whether or not the headache is a normal headache caused by stress or a cold or whether it something more sinister like a brain tumor for example. And you must be pretty lucky for having it help relieve your menstrual pain. For most ladies, paracetamol is just a waste of time...so they usually take other stronger analgesics like ibuprofen, diclofenac and occasionally buscopan.

Abridged version of original post.


Paracetamol overdose or toxicity results when a person, child or adult, takes more than the maximum allowable dose over a 24-hour period. This can happen by accident (especially in children) or it can be deliberately taken in a case of suicide. Whether intentional or accidental, any ingestion of paracetamol in excess of 10g (which is equivalent to 20 of its 500mg tablets) within 24 hours can prove potentially fatal.

Death from it depends on age (less common in children because of the capacity of their liver to mop up the toxic metabolite than in adults), health (more common in people who already have liver disease or are very sick and living with HIV/AIDS) and whether or not the paracetamol was taking in conjunction with other substances containing high amounts of its active ingredient.


With that said, what then are the common signs and symptoms, that when present after excessive paracetamol ingestion, must alert one of the possibility a toxic paracetamol overdose?


Usually, within the first 24 hours, there are basically no noticeable symptoms. However, after 24 hours, signs and symptoms start manifesting and get progressively severe. Below are the 6 signs and symptoms that must never be ignored:

#1. NAUSEA AND VOMITING: this is usually the first symptom noticed. The patient becomes nauseous and may eventually start vomiting. While it is possible for nausea and vomiting to occur within the first 24 hours of ingestion, especially if the overdose is very high, it becomes more pronounced just after 24 hours.

#2. RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT ABDOMINAL PAIN: medically, it is referred to as tender hepatomegaly. This means that the liver becomes enlarged, tender and painful. It is the result of progressive liver damage caused by the build up of the toxic metabolite, N-acetyl p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI).

#3. JAUNDICE: jaundice (which is the yellowish discolouration of the skin and eyes) eventually manifests following severe damage of the liver. The damaged liver is unable to break down bilirubin and excrete it, so the bilirubin builds up in the body.

#4. HEPATIC FLAP: also known as asterixis, this is a sign that indicates very severe liver damage. It can be elicited by asking the patient to stand and outstrech his or her hands as if they are pushing against a wall. If there is hepatic flap, the hands would start jerking and flapping like the wings of a bird.

#5. CONFUSION AND DISORIENTATION: this happens because of the build up of bilirubin in the body. The toxic bilirubin gets to the brain and causes a condition called encephalopathy which is characterized by confusion and disorientation. This is also a very bad symptom. Its presence suggests very severe liver damage or possibly a liver failure.

#6. OLIGURIA (LOW URINE VOLUME): oliguria is the passage of extremely and abnormally low volume of urine. The funny thing about paracetamol overdose is that it does not only damage the liver, it also damages the kidney and can in fact cause a corresponding kidney failure. Even though this symptom is usually identified under a doctor's supervision, you can also be alerted to the possibility of a kidney injury if after overdosing on paracetamol you notice a significant reduction I'm your urine volume for which there is no other explicable reason to it.

NB: very often, the above symptoms can be caused by other medical conditions apart from paracetamol overdose. But for paracetamol to be suspected, there must a history of ingestion of the drug over the last 24 hours before the manifestation of symptoms.

Also read:
5 THINGS TO DO WHEN A PERSON OVERDOSES ON PARACETAMOL https://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/06/22/5-things-to-do-when-a-person-overdoses-on-paracetamol/






https://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/06/22/paracetamol-overdose-6-signs-and-symptoms-you-must-ignore/

So let's assume you happened to be around when someone you know or don't even know overdosed (OD'd) on paracetamol . What will you do? During those precious hours before a doctor arrives, what must you do or what actions must you take to ensure that the doctor meets the person alive?


Keep reading...


The outcome, whether favorable or fatal, of any case of paractemol overdose or toxicity is largely dependent on what was done to neutralize it, especially during the early hours of the overdose. So it is extremely important to know exactly what to do in such instances so that the life of whoever it is that OD'd can be saved.


Below of are 5 simple but extremely important and life-saving actions one can take in saving the life of anyone who OD's on paracetamol:

#1. Calm and reassure the patient:
So you don't want the patient panicking and all scared out of their socks. Not at all. A panic-striken patient will be stubbornly uncooperative and this can defeat the entire purpose of you trying to help.

#2. Ascertain the time of ingestion:
This is an extremely vital information to know and you can find out by asking the patient or those around the patient who may have an accurate knowledge of what happened. That way you can establish how much time has passed since the ingestion. But really, why is this piece of information important? It is important because the longer the toxic metabolite (N-acetyl p-hydrobenzoquinone imine) stays in the body, the more severe the outcome. And this is one information that Doctors will demand for once they take over the patient- it gives them an idea of how aggressive their treatments should be.

#3. Lie the patient on his or her side:
Very often, the patient is vomiting and is extremely weak and unable to stand or sit. For such a patient, you must have them lay on their side so that they don't aspirate their vomit (which can kill them quicker even before the paracetamol itself).

#4. Ensure your safety and that of the patient:
If the person is actually suicidal patient and still conscious when you are trying to help them, they can become very violent towards themselves or you for attempting to stop them from achieving their suicidal goal. For these category of people, you must get reinforcement and have them restrained until a doctor gets to the scene or the patient is taken to the hospital.

#5. Rush the patient to the hospital:
This is the koko of this article. It is the most important action that may eventually save the patient's life. How? Because the antidote for paracetamol poisoning, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), is not sold on the streets like snacks or even as paracetamol which can easily be found in almost any aboki kiosk. NAC is found, primarily, in health centers. So take the patient to the hospital. That's where he or she has the greatest chance of survival assuming the overdose was really very severe.


Also read:
PARACETAMOL OVERDOSE: 6 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS YOU MUST NEVER IGORE!: https://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/06/22/paracetamol-overdose-6-signs-and-symptoms-you-must-ignore/


Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA




https://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/06/22/5-things-to-do-when-a-person-overdoses-on-paracetamol/

REPORT ANY SUSPECTED MENINGITIS CASE

Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA


NB: Original post has been edited and shortened


Below are the 7 signs and symptoms of meningitis you must not ignore....if indeed you want to be alive to tell your story:


#1. Headache:
Headache is one symptom that is always present in meningitis. And it is expected because the infection is directly affecting the brain. Very often, it can be so severe that you will think your eyes are going to bulge out of their sockets. So when ticking your checklist of meningitis symtpoms, also tick headache, because if indeed it is meningitis, headache must be there.

#2. Fever:
This is also another symptoms you shouldn't ignore. The fever is caused by septicemia- symptomatic manifestation of the multiplication of the bacteria in the blood. So look out for fever of greater than or equal to 38°c. And by fever, I mean abnormal hotness of body.

#3. Neck stiffness and pain:
Commonly seen in children, this is a sign that should alert anyone to the possibility of meningitis. It is one sign that is almost exclusive to meningitis (except tetanus). The neck becomes very stiff and painful. Try to bend your neck forward while laying on your back and you will be met with some stiffness and the pain felt would be almost unbearable.

#4. Photophobia:
This is a condition in which exposure to bright light makes one's eyes hurt. It is one of the must-find symptoms of meningitis. It is also worthy of mention that there are a few conditions which can also cause this e.g migraine. The take home message here is that the photophobia of meningitis does not occur in isolation...it always accompanies a very severe and persistent headache.

#5. Rashes:
Not all cases of meningitis present with rashes. Only those caused by Neisseria meningitidis. However, when there are rashes, the rashes consists of numerous small, irregular purple or red spots (known medically as petechiae) which appear on the trunk, lower extremities, mucous membranes, conjuctiva, and (occasionally) the palms of the hands or soles of the feet. The rashes are often described as non-blanching i.e their redness remains even when pressed by a finger or transparent glass. The rashes may be difficult to spot in very dark-skinned people and are more commonly seen in children and teenagers.

#6. Nausea and vomiting:
Yes, meningitis can cause you to feel nauseous and vomit. This is due to the brain inflammation caused by the infection. Following the inflammation, the brain eventually swells up and pressure is exerted on areas of the brain that bring about nausea and vomiting.

#7. Convulsions/Seizures:
This is often a late symptom of the infection and it usually portends an advanced and potentially fatal stage of the disease. For most people who experience seizures due to meningitis, even when they survive the infection, they are never the same again, as irreparable complications would have occurred. The goal is to prevent the infection from progressing to this stage by seeking medical help urgently.


NB: it is important to know that the above signs and symptoms do not occur in isolation individually. If you find one, there must be one or two other symptoms present. That, said if at all you having any of the symptoms listed, especially after having recently returned from the northern part of the country or having recently made contact and interacted with someone who has been in the northern part of the country recently, then talk to a doctor quickly!


Also read "MENINGITIS ALERT: 6 TIPS ON HOW TO PREVENT THE INFECTION". See link: http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/04/05/meningitis-alert-6-tips-on-how-to-protect-yourself-from-the-infection/.


CALL ANY OF OUR MENINGITIS ALERT HOTLINES TO DISCUSS YOUR SYMPTOMS OR REPORT ANY SUSPECTED CASE OF MENINGITIS NOW:

09091490102
08164810458
08174878786
08189568780
07043990790
07036373702


Thanks for reading!


http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/04/04/meningitis-alert-7-signs-and-symptoms-you-must-not-ignore/

Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA


NB: Original post has been edited and shortened


Below are the 7 signs and symptoms of meningitis you must not ignore....if indeed you want to be alive to tell your story:


#1. Headache:
Headache is one symptom that is always present in meningitis. And it is expected because the infection is directly affecting the brain. Very often, it can be so severe that you will think your eyes are going to bulge out of their sockets. So when ticking your checklist of meningitis symtpoms, also tick headache, because if indeed it is meningitis, headache must be there.

#2. Fever:
This is also another symptoms you shouldn't ignore. The fever is caused by septicemia- symptomatic manifestation of the multiplication of the bacteria in the blood. So look out for fever of greater than or equal to 38°c. And by fever, I mean abnormal hotness of body.

#3. Neck stiffness and pain:
Commonly seen in children, this is a sign that should alert anyone to the possibility of meningitis. It is one sign that is almost exclusive to meningitis (except tetanus). The neck becomes very stiff and painful. Try to bend your neck forward while laying on your back and you will be met with some stiffness and the pain felt would be almost unbearable.

#4. Photophobia:
This is a condition in which exposure to bright light makes one's eyes hurt. It is one of the must-find symptoms of meningitis. It is also worthy of mention that there are a few conditions which can also cause this e.g migraine. The take home message here is that the photophobia of meningitis does not occur in isolation...it always accompanies a very severe and persistent headache.

#5. Rashes:
Not all cases of meningitis present with rashes. Only those caused by Neisseria meningitidis. However, when there are rashes, the rashes consists of numerous small, irregular purple or red spots (known medically as petechiae) which appear on the trunk, lower extremities, mucous membranes, conjuctiva, and (occasionally) the palms of the hands or soles of the feet. The rashes are often described as non-blanching i.e their redness remains even when pressed by a finger or transparent glass. The rashes may be difficult to spot in very dark-skinned people and are more commonly seen in children and teenagers.

#6. Nausea and vomiting:
Yes, meningitis can cause you to feel nauseous and vomit. This is due to the brain inflammation caused by the infection. Following the inflammation, the brain eventually swells up and pressure is exerted on areas of the brain that bring about nausea and vomiting.

#7. Convulsions/Seizures:
This is often a late symptom of the infection and it usually portends an advanced and potentially fatal stage of the disease. For most people who experience seizures due to meningitis, even when they survive the infection, they are never the same again, as irreparable complications would have occurred. The goal is to prevent the infection from progressing to this stage by seeking medical help urgently.


NB: it is important to know that the above signs and symptoms do not occur in isolation individually. If you find one, there must be one or two other symptoms present. That, said if at all you having any of the symptoms listed, especially after having recently returned from the northern part of the country or having recently made contact and interacted with someone who has been in the northern part of the country recently, then talk to a doctor quickly!


Also read "MENINGITIS ALERT: 6 TIPS ON HOW TO PREVENT THE INFECTION". See link: http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/04/05/meningitis-alert-6-tips-on-how-to-protect-yourself-from-the-infection/.


CALL ANY OF OUR MENINGITIS ALERT HOTLINES TO DISCUSS YOUR SYMPTOMS OR REPORT ANY SUSPECTED CASE OF MENINGITIS NOW:

09091490102 08164810458
08174878786 08189568780
07043990790 07036373702


Thanks for reading!


http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/04/04/meningitis-alert-7-signs-and-symptoms-you-must-not-ignore/

ARE YOU FEELING DEPRESSED? WE, DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA, CAN HELP. CALL ANY OF OUR DEPRESSION/SUICIDE HOTLINES BELOW TO TALK WITH A DOCTOR NOW.

07053873751
08170320362
07081079482
08067380288
08038639953
08189361238

RIP

Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA

NB: post has been edited and shortened.


#1. Always talking about suicide or wanting to kill oneself: if you know anyone who suddenly has been talking a lot about dying or killing himself/herself or how worthless life is, please be alarmed and try and find out what is really going on. It is human nature to talk about the thoughts that dominate our minds. This is an alarm sign not to ignore at all. Usually, if you take your time to carefully observe the person, you will also be shocked to find that they exhibit one or two of the others signs listed below.


#2. Sudden change of will and the urgent need to try and put things, especially family issues, in order:
This is commonly seen in married men or women with children. In a final attempt to do something right, they try to put their families in order before committing the suicide. So you see them changing their wills to reflect their true position, and inviting family members for peace-making meetings to try unite the family. They are eager to repair broken relationships. While not everyone who changes their will is suicidal, if after noticing this sign you also notice one or two of the other signs on this list, please probe further.


#3, Sudden loss of interest in things the person was previously interested in and passionate about:
This is known as amotivation i.e complete lack of motivation. Surprisingly, 8 out of every 10 suicide attempters display this sign. And it is primarily because of depression. As a matter of fact, clinical depression is the number one cause of suicide worldwide! And really, this is one sign that sets off your alarm so powerfully that you just know something is wrong. The person just loses complete interest in life. They give up. In their minds, they believe there is absolutely no more reason for them to continue existing in this cold, evil and leprous world. And it doesn't matter whether or not they own business empires or are poor or have young children or are whatever else you can think of as reason enough to stop them from suicide. Depression is a terrible thing, I tell you. Spot this sign and you may have enough time to save that suicidal person from himself or herself.


#4. Taking unnecessary and potentially fatal risks:
The thing with suicidal people is that they always, at least most of them, follow a pattern of behaviour that can easily be read and decoded. And usually, this pattern of behaviour is alien to how they have been known to behave. If a person who is usually careful and obeys traffic lights when driving suddenly starts zooming pass traffic lights (even when the light has turned red) or he/she does not mind driving over a treacherous ditch or pothole, this may be a pointer. And this risk taking behaviour is exhibited in virtually everything they do- be it drugs (they can intentionally take an overdose of a drug), walking across the highway without minding on-moving vehicles, or standing on the railway tracks even when a train is heading their way, etc.


#5. Sudden withdrawal from people:
This is different from being an introvert. Introversion is a personality type, so don't mistake it for the social withdrawal caused by depression. So the scenario is like this- you see someone who is very sociable and is deeply involved in church meetings, school associations, clubs or unions. And all of a sudden, the person just zones off. No more outings. No more meetings. The person keeps to himself, mostly in a lonely place where they cannot be seen or reached. And with the social withdrawal, you will also notice that the person is mostly unkempt, sad and sluggish. Don't think twice before alerting family members or people who can help when you know such a person.


NB: Fact is, not everyone who exhibit these signs end up killing themselves. Some people miraculously get over the depression or challenge. And again, even though women attempt suicide more than men, they somehow don't always do it right- which I think is a good. Men are more successful at committing suicide and they are very good at hiding the suicide signs as well. So if you spot these signs in anyone, but especially a man, don't think twice before drawing the attention of family members or health groups, as in most cases, they would have almost planned the suicide before you notice the signs.

Also read and share, "8 EARLY SIGNS OF DEPRESSION", here:http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/01/15/8-early-signs-of-depression/.


DOCTORSHUB NG DEPRESSION/SUICIDE HOTLINES:
07053873751, 08170320362, 07081079482, 08067380288, 08038639953, 08189361238.


Thanks for reading!




http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/23/how-to-spot-a-suicidal-person-5-signs-not-to-ignore/

Christardor:
This postinor of a thing.how effective is it in terminating conception

Postinor is NOT, I repeat, is NOT an abortion drug!

Perhaps you should read this article, http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/02/14/faqs-postinor-12-every-important-thing-you-need-to-know/.

Thanks!

QueenSuccubus:





I get ur point too...but the thing is...NOT all the ladies have a regular period juz like me..
My cycle is different, my period comes like harmattan season sha and what if I'm sexually active & love raw sex?

This method u were talking abt won't work for me and for those who have irregular period...

I love you already. Such rare honesty!

Jodha:
Too long to read....

Abstinence till marriage is the best..

lol. Some topics need to be thoroughly explained to drive home the message. It will shock how many young, so-called big gals don't know the difference between ovulation and menstruation. Seriously.

QueenSuccubus:



Naaah..this counting shii is ain't that effective at all..humans are hornnny 24/7 ..anytime , any place once this hormones triggers all we need is condom but nothing beats RAW


But the most important thing is the couple shud talk and discuss what suits for them

lol. Ikr. But then, just like you pointed out, how many people can reach for a condom whenwhen they are as Hot as hell? The idea of the piece is to encourage to stop abusing postinor or worrying themselves unnecessarily even when they are on the safe days. If you know your safe days, you won't be popping postinor each and every time you have an unprotected sex.

Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA

So I am here again, this time, to talk about a seemingly common practice but one with potentially devastating consequences: refusal or unwillingness by some women to know the workings of menstruation and ovulation . I have never minced words in telling young ladies of reproductive age (15-45 years) that if at all there is only one thing they have to know (inside out) about their bodies, it should be their menstrual cycles. And I still stand by that pronouncement. Because that is really what makes a woman a woman- not even boobs. There are men with boobs these days (a condition called gynecomastia). But I am yet to see or hear of any man who ovulates and menstruates. If you know any, please shock me.


That said, let's go straight to the topic of the day- knowing how to calculate your safe days or period i.e the time during your menstrual cycle that even when you have unprotected sexual intercourse with a fertile male, your chance of ever getting pregnant is as good as zero. But before I do, let me quickly explain these two easily confused terminologies: ovulation and menstruation.


Ovulation is the process whereby a woman's ovaries release egg(s) for fertilization. And for most normal women, this happens only once in any given month. Usually, if your cycle length is 28 days like most women, your ovulation day will be on day 14. Please note the day, because it is important. If however your cycle length is 26 or 30 days, just divide it by 2 and that would give you days 13 and 15 respectively as your ovulation day.


Menstruation on the other hand is the monthly flow of blood most women experience during which some abstain from school or work because of the cramps and other symptoms associated with it. The meaning of menstruation is simple:pregnancy has failed to occur that month. In other words, for every month that you menstruate, it is evidence that you failed to conceive.

NB: there are some women who fail to menstruate even though they are not pregnant. A lot of conditions can cause that.


Now to the real koko of this article...

Since you now know that you ovulate on day 14 if your cycle length is 28 days or day 15 if it is 30 days, all you need to do is start counting from the last day of your period. That is, if your period ends today, you will start counting from today as the beginning of your next cycle. I am going to assume your cycle last for 28 days so I will be referring to 14 and 28 for the rest of the article. So you start counting from the last day of your immediate period up until day 9. From day 10 up to day 15, you are not to have unprotected sex (if you do, please take postinor immediately), and this is assumming your ovulation happens on day 14. But you may want to ask, if I am going to ovulate on day 14, why should I not just avoid day 14 alone instead? Why start from day 10? The answer is simple as well- sperms! They are a tricky, sneaky and mischievous lot. Because their mandate is to impregnate you at all cost, they can stay alive inside of you for up to 5 days! So if you have unprotected sex on day 10 and think you are cool, you are just joking. The sneaky bastard would be in there waiting for you until day 14 when you will release some egg(s)- and bingo! Because of this, you start being very careful from day 10. That means that from day 1 to day 9, you are safe. No cause for alarm.


Again, your eggs, (the ones released during ovulation) don't have as much stamina as the sperms so they are only able to be alive for up to 24 hours inside of you. What does this mean? After an egg is released, it only has a fertilization interval of 24 hours (for the sperm to penetrate it so that conception can occur). If after 24 hours nothing happens, the eggs won't be viable again and hence won't be fertilized even if a sperm cell comes in contact with it. With the 5 days of the sperms and the 1 day of the eggs, a woman only has 6 days in every cycle during which she can get knocked up if she has unprotected intercourse with a fertile male. Days 10 to 15 are your unsafe days. Some people actually call it "No man's land". That is, no man should go there during those days- assuming you don't intend to get pregnant. But again, you can let a man get in there if you know what you are doing. Just make sure you practise safe sex and should it happen that the sperms were too hot for the condom to hold and they found their way inside of you, always have postinor handy.


IN SUMMARY,
For any woman (whose cycle lasts for 28 days) worried about safe days and unsafe days, days 10 to 15 are your unsafe days while every other day including the entire duration of your menstuation are your safe days.

If your cycle length is 26 or 30 days, just half it, and you will get the exact day of your ovulation (which would be day 13 if your cycle lasts for 26 days and day 15 if it lasts for 30 days). should that be the case, your unsafe days would be days 11 to 16 (for a cycle length of 30 days) and days 9-14 (for a cycle length of 26 days).

NB: if your period is irregular, you may not be able to accurately pinpoint your ovulation day. Very occasionally too, some women with severely abnormal cycles have been known to ovulate just a day after mentruation. This s a very rare occurrence though-extremely rare. If your cycle is irregular and you are unable to calculate your safe and unsafe days, feel free to consult any of our doctors on the site for guidance.

You may also find useful,

"6 FACTS ABOUT OVULATION EVERY WOMAN MUST KNOW", here http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/01/19/6-facts-about-ovulation-every-woman-must-know/

"FAQs: POSTINOR 1&2- EVRY IMPORTANT THING YOU NEED TO KNOW" http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/02/14/faqs-postinor-12-every-important-thing-you-need-to-know


Thanks for reading!





http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/11/how-to-calculate-the-safe-days-of-your-cycle/

Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA


The other day I dropped an article, (Read here:http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/15/7-diseases-you-can-get-from-kissing/) and even though I had expected that a handful of kissing fanatics would roll their eyes and hiss out their contempt for the piece, the reaction I got far surpassed my expectations. When eventually I checked my stats, I realized, to my utter disbelief, that the article, amidst other equally great articles, came out tops as the one with the largest views! Apparently, a lot more people are into the art of kissing than I had earlier thought. Lol.


Anyway, today won't be about the diseases or side effects of kissing. I would abstain from diseases for now. Instead, I will be talking about a health benefit of kissing that a lot of kissers may be unaware of- and that is the fact that kissing can make you lose weight! Yes, its true...you read it right.


Sounds incredulous, right?


Okay, let me explain...


A professor at the university of Louisville, professor Bryant Stamford, who has studied, for many years, the physical, emotional and physiological effects of kissing has come forward to say that passionate kissing may be the additional effort that overweight persons who are in the process of shedding off a few pounds need to achieve and maintain that trim, sexy weight of their dreams.


During his study, Professor Bryant was able to calculate the number of calories expended during a one-minute kissing activity: approximately 2 calories (up to 5 calories for a French kiss). Although this may not be as significant as the energy expended during a 100m sprint race, it is sure significant enough to double your metabolic rate. With this, an individual can conveniently burn about 120 calories from engaging in an hour of passionate, engrossing kissing. I really don't know about you, but I prefer burning my excess fat with this method than, say, the exhaustive and tiring ordeal of a jog or tedious aerobics. From now on, kissing is my new aerobics!


Now, just before you get too excited and call your partner right now and preach to him or her why the two of you must kiss more, let me quickly add that the kissing thing is much more effective when done some certain ways. For instance, it has been found and established that a highly passionate kissing activity that involves a bit of tonguing characterized by a deep, laboured breathing will set your "fats on fire quicker" and more effectively than the calm, easy and brief type of kissing seen in religious movies. Because passionate kissing often serves as a preamble to an eventual torrid sexual activity with your partner (which burns even more calories), you may end burning more fats than you thought possible.


Also, you burn more calories when the kissing is done while standing and with some movements than when sitting or just laying on the couch. A little bit of reasonably aggressive kissing can also burn more calories than otherwise. The goal is to inject some fervour and passion into the act. The kissing is much more effect when you occasionally have to break off so as to catch your breath.


SO WHAT DOES THIS ALL MEAN?

It means that kissing too, when done rightly, can prove an invaluable means or method of shedding off excess body weight and maintilaining a trim, sexy figire. While the weight losing results of kissing may not be immediately apparent, over time, you will be impressed and motivated by the results.


Also read "7 HEALTH BENEFITS OF KISSING YOU PROBABLY DIDN'T KNOW", here: http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/17/7-health-benefits-of-kissing-you-probably-didnt-know/.


Thanks for reading!


http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/17/kissing-more-can-help-you-lose-weight-research/

SmellingAnus:
oh... Much thanks... Good a thing I was willing to learn.... How come this particular drug seems not to be popular like postinor?

You are welcome, sir. The thing is, postinor 2 has been found to be much more effective due to the 12-hour spacing between taking the first tablet and the next. If I can give an unrelated analogy: the effect of postinor 1 is like a student who reads for 5hours straight without break while postinor 2 is like the student who reads for 5hrs but instead of towing the line of the first student, he instead punctuates his reading with 15mins breaks every now and then for better comprehension.I hope this helps.

SmellingAnus:
really? I am open to learn anyway but wish you could add a pic of postinor 1 to cure my ignorance

Here, Sir.

SmellingAnus:
Op there is no drug in Nigeria called postinor 1 ... Don't mimd me I understand want you mean but their is no drug called postinor 1 in Nigeria... It is called Postinor and not Postinor 1... Thanks for the information

SmellingAnus:
Op there is no drug in Nigeria called postinor 1 ... Don't mimd me I understand want you mean but their is no drug called postinor 1 in Nigeria... It is called Postinor and not Postinor 1... Thanks for the information

actually, there is, Sir. Psotinor one was the first creation of the manufcaturers. It is a 1.5mg drug. Even though postinor 2, which contains 2 tablets (each one a 0.75mg drug) has largely taken over, there are still a few pharmacies that sell. Make your research.

Thanks OP for the repost!

Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA

It was with a heavy heart that I read the tragic and untimely death of Kelechi Ibezunma, a physiology student of Madonna University, Okija. Kelechi was attacked over the weekend by gun-wielding daredevil robbers on his way back from a shop where he had gone to buy bread and milk to eat for the night. He was brutally shot in the face by the evil robbers because he, according to reports, refused to part with his phone when they (the robbers) demanded that he give it to them.


Sadly, this is not the first time such a tragedy is happening in Nigeria. In fact, it is a pretty common occurence. It is now routine for one to wake up to such disturbing and heartrending news. However, the aspect of Kelechi's death news that grieves me more than anything is the fact that, although Kelechi was shot, he still could have been saved and would be alive now (probably in coma, but alive) only if the doctors at Federal Medical Center, Owerri, where he was rushed to, had attended to him. According reports, Kelechi was still alive, struggling to hold on to it with all his might, when he arrived the hospital. But guess what? He was rejected treatment once it became apparent that he didn't have a police report. Even with his blood gushing all over the place, with his pulse fading away and his breathing severely strained, the doctors couldn't help poor Kelechi. No necessary emergency operations or resuscitation was done to save Kelechi's life. Absolutely nothing. Why? Because of ordinary police report!


Right now I am positively livid and unconsolably sad, at the same time, because this is the umpteenth time that such a senseless practise has resulted in the death of a Nigerian. I am so sure young Kelechi, before his untimely demise, was brimming with so much hope and dreams of a better tomorrow. Only for his young life to be brutally cut short- both by the action of the robbers and the inactions of the doctors at Federal Medical Center, Owerri.


However, a few days ago I read on the news a statement credited to the current IG of police where he urged doctors to go ahead and treat gunshot victims without police reports. Sometime last year too, the FG, via the minister of health, admonished medical practitioners to do same. The news made it sound as though the obnoxious law has been repealed. If indeed that is true (I truly hope it is), then the doctors at FMC Owerri are culpbable of medical negligence and liable to sanctions.


That said, I do have a few burning questions on this issue that are bugging my mind:

1. How did such a diabolic and infamous law (that all gunshot victims must obtain a police report before they can get treated) come to be in the first place? What was the modus operandi of its authors?

2. If indeed the wicked law has been repealed, why are healthcare practitioners still not complying with this directive from the FG? While are they still requesting for the so-called report?

3. Why hasn't a new law that makes it an offense for doctors not to attend to gunshot victims without police reports been promulgated and be made to reflect in the code of medical ethics? Or is it possible there is a law in place already that I am ignorant of? Please someone should educate me.

4. Assuming the law still hasn't been repealed, when will the NMA stand up to such a senseless law and push for a bill that would abolish this cruel practice?


Here me, Nigerians....


If indeed the federal government has abolished the practice (as they are making us think they have) and also communicated this correction to the MDCN and NMA, then it amounts to gross misconduct on the part of the doctors at FMC Owerri to have denied Kelechi the appropriate treatment. As such, instituting a litigation against them won't be out of place. The FG MUST send a very strong and clear message that they won't tolerate any instance of refusal by doctors to treat gunshot victims even though they (the FG) have urged medical practioners to disregard the hitherto infamous law.


Secondly, if it was just mere lip service that the IG of police and minister of health were paying (I want to believe they meant every word they spoke), then it is truly sad and unfortunate. Bearing this in mind, let all Nigerians rise up against this senseless law and bring it to an end. Enough is enough. Too many Nigerians have died because they were the unlucky victims of gunshot injuries.


Now to all those who command massive social or political influence or both, please lend your voices to this call and draw attention to this uncivilized practice.
To every Nigerian, at home or abroad, let us commit ourselves to ending these killings. It is an anomaly that should not have been in the first place. Let us remember that the tragic fate that befell Kelechi can happen to anyone else. No one is immune to the power of stray bullets.
Although we all fervently pray that such misadventures be averted in our lives, no one knows when a trigger-happy robber, kidnapper or even some reckless security operatives would turn their muzzles at us and squeeze the trigger with demonic satisfaction.


Finally, my heart is with the family and friends of Kelechi who are overcome with grief at such an inopportune moment. May the good lord grant you all the fortitude to bear his loss.

R.I.P Kelechi .C. Ibezunma.


You may also find useful, "5 MEDICAL MISTAKES YOU CAN SUE YOUR DOCTOR FOR" here:http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/02/22/5-medical-mistakes-you-can-sue-your-doctor-for/




http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/13/the-gunshot-injury-law-an-anomaly-long-overdue/

BiafranBushBoy:
Wow...

Nice and precise.

Them ladies will be so happy

Gracias

Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA


There is a growing demand for postinor, world over. This growing demand is not unconnected to the fact that hundreds of thousands of unwanted pregnancies occur yearly with a lot of them resulting in the death of young women from botched abortions. The need for an emergency contraceptive that helps avert this disaster is the reason why postinor is popular drug among women today.

However, very few women actually understand how postinor works. The larger majority of women display a shocking but pardonable ignorance of the workings of postinor despite its profound and widespread usage among females.

Anyways, for all those who may yet not understand the drug or who are using it but have one or two questions to ask, or complaints to make, below are a list of FAQs with answers tailored to address each question adequately. If at the end you feel your complaint has not been addressed, don't hesitate to contact us for a more personal consultation.


FAQ #1. Is postinor an abortion drug?

Answer: No, postinor is not an abortion drug. Contrary to to popular beliefs that postinor can be used to terminate a pregnancy, available facts have debunked that myth. Postinor is not an abortion drug i.e it does not bring about the termination of an already implanted pregnancy. No matter the quantity you swallow, it will never work as an abortion drug.


FAQ #2. Is postinor 1 and postinor 2 the same?

Answer: In terms of active ingredient, yes. They both contain levonorgestrel, a progestogen-only formula, and as such, have the same mechanism of action. However, postinor 1 has just one tablet while postinor has two tablets. Again, postinor 1 is taken at once as a single dose. With postinor 2 however, the first tablet is taken immediately while the second one is taken 12 hours after the first tablet.


FAQ #3. How safe is postinor?

Answer: very safe. The safety of postinor has been established, world over. The rumors about its unsafeness peddled by unscrupulous bloggers looking for cheap traffic to their sites is unfounded and baseless. Postinor only has levonorgestrel as its active ingredient- and as far as we (medical practitioners) know, levonorgestrel is very safe to use.


FAQ #4. Does postinor cause cancer?

Answer: Again, NO-it does not. This is yet another falsehood spread by mischief makers and fear mongers. As a matter of fact, the use of postinor has been found to prevent the occurence of genital tract cancers e.g endometrial cancer.


FAQ #5. How long should I wait before taking it?

Answer: Don't wait at all. As soon as you have had an unprotected sex where your partner ejaculated inside of you, reach for postinor and swallow it asap. This is because the more you delay taking it, the higher the chances that it will fail to prevent conception. Usually, you don't want to let it pass 72 hours before taking it. At this point, the risk of failure is significantly increased.

.
Also read "HOW TO CALCULATE THE SAFE DAYS OF YOUR CYCLE" here:http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/11/how-to-calculate-the-safe-days-of-your-cycle/
.

FAQ #6. Can it make me have irregular periods?

Answer: Yes. Postinor can delay your next menstruation by up to 5 days, just like it can make it come earlier by up to 5 days. It all depends on the individual involved. Most women who experience the delay get worried and start to panic because they are afraid the delay may be the result of pregnancy.


FAQ #7. How exactly does it work?

Answer: Postinor's effect is felt in two ways,
It increases the production of cervical mucus and makes it almost impossible for the sperm cells to swim and the eggs.
Because levonorgestrel is a progestogen, it mimics the effect of progesterone by preventing ovulation i.e it prevents the release of eggs, hence, even if the sperms sail through, they will be horribly be disappointed by having nothing to penetrate and fertilize.


FAQ #8. What will happen if I mistakenly take 2 tablets at once?

Answer: Very occasionally, some women mistakenly take two tablets at once. Why this is not the standard practice, there is nothing outragoues that occurs when this happen. Except for the temporary persistence of side effects like nausea, vomiting and irregular menses, nothing out of the ordinary happens.


FAQ #9. Will postinor make me barren later in the future?

Answer: Postinor does not cause barrenness. Usually, its half-life is between 17-24 hours, after which its effect dissipates, and menstruation returns, although its return may be delayed or earlier than normal. Just to emphasize the point: postinor DOES NOT cause barrenness.


FAQ #10. Can I take it on an empty stomach?

Answer: YES. There is no restrictions on it. You can take it either on an empty stomach or after a meal.


FAQ #11. What common side effects should I expect after taking postinor?

Answer: Minor side effects such as nausea, vomiting, menstrual irregularities (blood spots, delayed period, etc) are some of the side effects witnessed after taking postinor. In any case, they are usually mild and not serious enough to require medical attention.


FAQ #12. What should I do if I vomit after taking it?

Answer: If you vomit within 3 hours after taken postinor, you should get another tablet and take it. This is because it has been found that within that time frame, the drug's effect would not have been fully established for pregnancy prevention to be achieved. So taken another pill as a precautionary measure is not out of practice.


FAQ #13. Can I take it more than once per month?

Answer: Absolutely! Although, this is not the usual standard practice. WHO advises that it be limited to once per month. However, in the event that it is taken more than once, there is no serious complication except for the persistence of the usual side effects. For example, taking it twice or thrice within the same month can make one experience prolonged nausea, vomiting and menstrual irregularities. Apart those, there is nothing immediately demaging from using it more than once per month.


NB: Postinor should never replace the use of other long term birth control methods. It is only for emergency contraception. Because it is a steroid, regular use predisposes one to some of the harmful effects caused by steroid overuse.


Also read "HOW TO CALCULATE THE SAFE DAYS OF YOUR CYCLE" here:http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/11/how-to-calculate-the-safe-days-of-your-cycle/



Thanks for reading!




http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/02/14/faqs-postinor-12-every-important-thing-you-need-to-know/

PRISTINEMUSCLES:
Very informative. Engaging strength-training exercises centered around the pecs can also ameliorate the condition. Since weight-training causes a massive production of testosterone which can douse the effects of high-level of oestrogen.
I see so many children and young men these days with sagged chests(boobs). Wanna know why? Their diet and their lack of strength-training exercises as well as their non-active lifestyles.

You have made an extremely valid point! Thanks for mentioning the link between exercise and testosterone.

deeplow:
looks funny af!!! Just in case the wife wants to be stingy, the man can simply handle his own breasts.

Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA


A few days ago I was perusing the internet for news making the headlines. While at it, my eyes caught a headline about a man who grew breasts, like a woman's, because a lady he promised marriage but later refused used some black magic (juju) on him, hence his sudden growth of such firm, pointed boobs. It was indeed a hilarious story to read- but even as I read the details of the strange and disturbing story, the doctor in me was screaming "gynaecomastia" so much that I had to let go the diabolical dimension to which the narrators ascribed to the story.


When eventually my medical mind took control of me completely, I realized, upon careful reflection, that the incidence of gynaecomastia (yes, that is the medical terminology for it) is on the rise. In the last year or so I have seen about 4 people with very severe forms of it. And really, it is a medical problem just like diabetes, hypertension or kidney disease. But because of our mystical allusions to anything we don't understand, black Africans have demonized this ailment.


But wait.....


....what exactly causes it?


It is caused by an imbalance in oestrogen and testosterone hotmones. Usually, males have more testosterone than oestrogen (which is higher in females). Anything that can upset this arrangement or cause the oestrogens to rise above the testosterone will result in gynaecomastia. Very common causes include liver disease, kidney failure, hypogonadism, hyperthyroidism, pituitary adenoma (a type of brain tumor) and medications- antidepressants, anabolic steroids, anticancer drugs, digoxin, ulcer drugs, street drugs like marijuana, amphetamine, heroine and a host of other drugs.


Now that you know it is in fact a medical condition, allow me to tell you 6 important facts you must know about the disease,


#1. IT OCCURS IN MEN OF ALL AGES:
The prevalence of gynaecomastia does not spare any age group (from infants to the elderly). Now, even though it affects all men, it is more common among male infants, teenage boys and adults between the ages of 26 and 65. When present in infants and teenage boys, the enlargement naturally resolves on its own as the infant or boy grows older.


#2. IT IS A VERY TREATABLE CONDITION:
Gynecomastia is a very treatable condition. Usually, it resolves on its own with time. However, when the enlargement is severe and tender, medications like tamoxifen can be given to block the effect of oestrogen. Also, mastectomy (surgical removal of the breast(s) can be done, especially when it is causing the boy or man serious embarrassment and psychological trauma.


#3. IT IS NOT A CANCER:
Most times when men notice this enlargement they panic and start worrying for fear of breast cancer. Even though a lot people have associated it with breast cancer, it is not a cancer and does not later morph into a cancer. It is a completely benign condition. On its own, it does not cause any physical or bodily harm. Although, there instances when it is symptomatic of an underlying disease like liver disease, kidney disease, a type of brain tumor (pituitary adenoma) or a side effect of some drugs (antidepressants, marijuana, anabolic steroids, etc.). At such instances, treating the gynaecomastia alone without treating the cause of it would likely cause a regrowth of the breast.


#4. IT CAN AFFECT ONE OR BOTH BREASTS:
Most of the cases of gynaecomastia that have made the news, especially on socila media, were cases where the man's two breasts were invloved (called bilateral gynaecomastia). Although it may seem quite weird, it can also affect just one breast while sparing the other one.


#5. IT USUALLY DOES NOT DISCHARGE MILK:
Contrary to popular beliefs that the enlarged boobs do secrete milk, the enlarged breasts usually don't discharge milk except when the gynecomastia is caused by a tumor in the brain, pituitary adenoma, which secretes large amounts of the milk-producing hormone prolactin.


#6. IT IS MORE COMMON THAN YOU THINK:
Gynaecomastia is the commonest benign tumor of the male breast. About 60-90% of infants experience it, 70% prevalence in men aged 50-69 while 50-60% of adolescents experience it. Although, because it is usually not very severe, people often disregard it, and even when the enlargement is a bit significant, men, especially adolescent boys, are too embarrassed to expose their chests or freely disclose it.


NB: in most cases, the enlargment is self-limiting i.e it goes in its own. And because it rarely causes any physical deformity or harm (apart from the scar after surgery), people don't come to the doctor complaining of pain or inability to sleep or any other incapacitating symptom. The crux of it all is psychological trauma- most boys and men are ridiculed and become the target of attack by jesters. A lot of low and battered self-esteem issues arise ftom. So most times, one would see that it is psychotherapy that is often the most needed treatment in these boys and men.


You may also like to read, "10 MEDICAL TESTS EVERY COUPLE MUST DO BEFORE MARRIAGE". Click on this link to read: http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/09/10-medical-tests-every-couple-must-do-before-marriage/


Thanks for reading!







http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/10/gynaecomastia-6-facts-every-man-must-know-about-it/

Source: DOCTORSHUB NIGERIA



#1. GENOTYPE:
This test will reveal to you whether you are a sickler (SS), a carrier of the sickle cell trait (AS) or normal (AA). This test is one of the most important of this list. In fact, some churches now make it mandatory for would-be couples to have their genotypes done. It is too important a test not to do. The sickle cell trait is so common among blacks. You may not be a sickler but be a carrier of the trait (AS)- and you only need another partner carrying the AS trait to give birth to children who are sicklers. The suffering that comes with being a sickler or having a sickler child is too grave for any couple in their right thinking minds to ignore.


#2. BLOOD GROUP/RHESUS FACTOR:
This one is like the easiest and most common of them. Yet, some couples still throw caution to the wind and do whatever they like. Apart from the fact that knowing your partner's blood group can prove useful in saving his or her life during an emergency, it also finds useful application in preventing a condition called hemolytic disease of the newborn (Erythroblastosis foetalis- a condition affecting newborns where there blood is destroyed by maternal antibodies). It is caused when a Rhesus negative mother is pregnant with a Rhesus positive child (rhesus factor is an antigen found on the surface of red blood cells and seen in 85% of humans) and her body is stimulated to produce anitodies against the baby's blood. While the index pregnancy may not result in complications, subsequent pregnancies (in which the babies are Rhesus positive) are severely attacked by the maternal antibodies. The offending antibodies, already synthesized by the mother during the first pregnancy, viciously attack and destroy the baby's blood, leading to stillbirth and miscarriages.


#3. HIV TEST:
The sheer number of deaths due to HIV and AIDS makes it an infection of importance. It is extremely important that all couples contemplating marriage know their HIV status before walking down the aisle. Since this infection is readily transmitted to the baby during birth, it is important that couples make the necessary efforts to successfully prevent the mother-to-child transmission of the virus.


#4. FERTILITY INDEX:
This is a test done to ascertain the fertility of a couple. More often than not, a couple is unware that they have fertility problems until about 2 or more years after marriage and unsuccessful trials at conceiving. The test profiles the reproductive hormones in both partners while semen analysis is tested in the man and ovulation is tested in the woman. Except a couple is not willing to have children before or after marriage, this is one important test to get done.


#5. TORCHES screen:
TORCHES [T-toxoplasmosis, O-other (varicella zosters and parvo virus B19), R-rubella, C-cytomegalovirus, H-herpes simplex and S-syphilis] are a group of infections which the growing fetus contracts from its mother. They account for about 3% of all congenital anomalies. Their importance in the success of any pregnancy cannot be overemphasized, as they are known to cause stillbirth, miscarriages, and other terrible congenital complications in the baby. It is important that couples get screened for them before marriage and particularly before they try to conceive- almost all cases of the infection in the baby is gotten from the mother. The goal of screening is to diagnose parents who are infected with one or more of them and treat them promptly before marriage or conception.


#6. GENETIC SCREENING:
This is an extremely vital and recent test added to the list of tests. As it has been shown, some diseases are inherited from parents because of their genetic nature (i.e they are found in the genes of the parents). Diseases like cystic fibrosis, neurofibromatosis, Tay-Sacch's disease and a host of other terrible diseases are of genetic origin and transmitted from parents to their offsprings. By knowing whatever genetic ailments a couple harbours, they can undertake measures, like genetic engineering, to mitigate the risks of transmitting the ailment to their children.


#7. MENTAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT:
Countries like China and Malaysia and some Arab countries have made this test a mandatory premarital tests for all couples. However, even with its growing acceptance in other parts of the world, Africans have refused to acknowledge the importance of this test. Yet, its impact on marriages and relationships bears grave consequences. Mentally unstable people have been found to exhibit violent behaviours. Also, some mental ailments like bipolar disorder have been found to run in families-for example, children having at least one bipolar parent have a 10% risk of having the disease while children with both parents have the risk increased to 40%! If at all you are unperturbed about marrying a mentally unstable and violent man or woman, undertake this test for your unborn children.


#8. TEST FOR STDs:
STDs too? Yes! Take gonorrhoea for example- it is the commonest infective cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) which if left untreated can fester and result in infertility in the woman. Also, STDs have been linked with the transmission of HIV, and are also known to cause miscarriages. Just before you say, "Yes, I do", make sure you and your partner are not harbouring any STD or grudges, as the case may be.


#9. SREENING FOR CHRONIC DISEASES:
Chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and heart conditions must be screened for. This is due to the fact that they negatively affect the outcome of a pregnancy. Any couple intending to marry must know their hypertensive and diabetic status because of the association of these conditions with infertility and high-risk pregnancies.


#10. THALASSEMIA TEST:
This is a test done to detect the thalassemia gene in a couple. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by the production of big, abnormal haemoglobins (the proteins that carries oxygen in the blood). Because they are not normal, red blood cells which carry these haemoglobins are constantly destroyed, leading to anaemia. With a test called haemoglobin electrophoresis, a couple can tell whether they carry the trait and if they do, they can implore assisted reproductive technology to prevent their babies from inheriting the disease.

You may also find useful, "PREGNANCY CHECKLIST: 7 IMPORTANT DISEASES YOU MUST GET SCREENED FOR" by clicking on this http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/09/pregnancy-checklist-7-important-diseases-you-must-get-screened-for/.


Thanks for reading!




http://doctorshub.com.ng/2017/03/09/10-medical-tests-every-couple-must-do-before-marriage/