₦airaland Forum

omotoda:
You sure about that? Been using 2 units of Powmr 60amp charge controller on two different set up for close to 7 years and no issues .One serves a 2kva 24v set up while the other serves a 5kv 48v set up

The other Powmr 60amp charge controller has no issues.

Maybe I should swap them to see if the issue repeats itself with the other one.

That would scientifically prove if one is indeed faulty.

I am experiencing an intermittent charging issue with my Powmr 60cc charge controller.

The unit frequently stops charging the battery and will only resume operation under one of the following conditions:

1. A hard reset is performed by toggling the breaker placed between the solar panels and the battery.

2. A load is applied via the connected inverter.

This issue is occurring on my dedicated security light solar system, which is separate from my main house system.

Upon observation after coming home today, the battery voltage on the security system was 23V, significantly lower than the 24.7V reading on my main house system.

The need for constant monitoring of the charge controller is inefficient/unacceptable.

oloet:
qasa ACDC ceiling fan qcf-56 acdc1

Something is wrong somewhere.

My first post today on topic was banned.

The post asking that you answered has also been hidden.

My first post was even more detailed than the second

BigDickProblems:
I haven’t used or heard of Maxi but for Qasa.
Taking a closer look at both models, out of curiosity I would love to have an experience with Maxi considering all its captivating features only that it doesn’t come with a remote.

However, if I want to be sure about the quality of what I’m getting, then I’d go for Qasa: it consumes lesser, has a remote, and probably cheaper.

True. Qasa has been around for a while!

Unfaized:
Don't buy a 16 inches standing fan. The blade is so small. Go for an 18 inches type instead.

This must be experience talking!

HeavenlyBang:
Qasa is excellent. I own a QRF-7918. Even on max speed doesn't draw more than like 30w. On lowest it's like 8w.

Battery shouldn't be an issue. Just buy and use, the lead acid will fail in a matter of months anyway, and you can then replace with a larger lfp or li-on of your choice.

Thank you! Qasa wins!!

I am in the market for an efficient fan to pair with my inverter and batteries;

Between the Maxi KYS-40AC and Qasa QSF-18R DC which would you choose and why?

Maxi has a built-in 12V 9.0Ah lithium battery and extra features like a USB port for maximum convenience and independence from an external source.

The Qasa draws a maximum of 20W, which is half the power of the Maxi, significantly extending battery run time.

What is the experience of the house with these two brands?

Genocide: A Legal Framework for Discussion

Genocide is not a mere descriptive term; it is a precisely defined crime under international law, which serves as the definitive starting point for any analysis of the situation in Nigeria. The discussion must move beyond simple reports of mass killings and other acts to examine whether the acts meet the strict legal criteria.

The Legal Definition of Genocide

The definitive legal definition is found in Article II of the 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (the "Genocide Convention" and is mirrored in Article 6 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC), to which Nigeria is a State Party.

Genocide is defined as any of the following acts committed with the specific intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group, as such:

1. Killing members of the group. Inquiry: Have members of a protected group been killed?

2. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group. Inquiry: Has a protected group suffered serious bodily or mental harm?

3. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part. Inquiry: Has a group been subjected to conditions designed to cause its physical end?

4. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group. Inquiry: Has a group been subjected to systematic birth control or reproductive interference?

5. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. Inquiry: Have children been forcibly transferred against the will of their group?

The Crucial Element: Specific Intent (Dolus Specialis)

The mere commission of the acts listed above (e.g., mass killings) is not enough to constitute genocide. The central legal challenge is proving the specific purpose or dolus specialis: the deliberate "intent to destroy" the protected group (national, ethnic, racial, or religious) "as such."

1. Who is Protected? The law is restricted to national, ethnic, racial, or religious groups. Other groups (like political or socioeconomic ones) are not covered by the Genocide Convention.

2. What Constitutes "In Part"? While a single village may be wiped out, judicial interpretation typically requires the "part" to be a substantial portion of the protected group, geographically or numerically.

Legal Challenges in Nigeria

As a State Party to the Rome Statute, Nigerian leaders' actions or inactions are subject to potential scrutiny by the ICC. They are accountable for ensuring that justice is served.

However, Nigeria faces a significant domestic legal hurdle:

Lack of Domestication: The National Assembly has not yet successfully passed a dedicated Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes, Genocide and Related Offences Act to fully incorporate the specific crime of genocide into domestic law. The question is why? Is it a matter of political will? The government must demonstrate accountability to dispel perceptions of impunity so it can use its full prosecutorial powers against any non-state actors implicated.

Consequence: This legal gap means that the prosecution of genocide currently relies on existing general criminal code provisions (like murder or grievous harm), which lack the unique element of "specific intent to destroy a group." This makes a domestic conviction for the distinct crime of genocide exceptionally difficult.


Next Steps for the Nigerian Government

To demonstrate full commitment to international law and effective governance, the Nigerian government should take one of the following steps:

1. Prioritize the enactment of the dedicated Genocide Act to establish clear domestic jurisdiction and criminalize the specific intent to destroy a group.

2. Rigorously apply current criminal code provisions (murder, grievous harm) to all reported acts, ensuring the investigation also considers the element of specific intent for potential referral to the ICC or for future domestic prosecution once the law is enacted. The government badly needs to prove to the international community that it can both bark and bite.

Update on Nigeria's Domestication of International Crimes Law

The central issue remains the lack of full domestication of the Rome Statute, which includes the crime of genocide, into Nigeria's national legal system. Despite being a State Party to the International Criminal Court (ICC), Nigeria has struggled to enact the necessary domestic legislation.

A key draft, the "Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes, Genocide and Related Offences Bill 2012," was introduced and at one point had passed its first reading in the Senate, but it has repeatedly stalled and has not been fully enacted into law by the National Assembly.

More recently, a related bill, HB 958: Genocide Commission of Nigeria (Establishment) Bill, 2023, was introduced in the House of Representatives, but its progress has also been limited, reaching only the First Reading as of late 2023/early 2024.

Impact of Non-Domestication

1. No Specific Domestic Offence: Nigerian courts cannot prosecute individuals for the crime of genocide as internationally defined, since the law requires the specific element of intent to destroy a group (dolus specialis).

2. Reliance on General Law: Domestic prosecutions related to mass killings or abuses must rely on general criminal code provisions for offenses like murder or grievous harm, which do not capture the unique gravity and intent of genocide.

3. ICC Complementarity: The lack of a genuine capacity to investigate and prosecute genocide and other international crimes domestically is a key factor in the ICC's decision to open or close its own investigations in Nigeria. In December 2020, the ICC Prosecutor announced the completion of its preliminary examination, concluding there was a reasonable basis to believe war crimes and crimes against humanity were committed by both Boko Haram and the Nigerian Security Forces. The Prosecutor is currently stressing the principle of complementarity, giving Nigerian authorities a chance to bridge the impunity gap.

Is this the loophole that Trump wants patched?

For context and to balance the conversation, this video contains the position of the Nigerian Senate on the issue of genocide
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c9CpZHScAis

Postscript:

It could also be that if non-state actors overrun Kwara State, American interests and investments (over $6.5 billion as at 2023) of which Lagos is the prime destination, are not safe, and as President Trump wants to preserve and protect those interests.

This is why Nigeria needs to deploy its full war/intelligence/law enforcement machinery/apparatus to make the country and the roads safe, not just for the political class but for the common man, so outside intervention will be unnecessary

Given the current exchange rate of the dollar to the naira, has the price of lithium batteries fallen the way the price of solar panels has fallen?

Techsinnovative:
Abeg where? I was at fouani today all they had was bifacials

I should have said the 600watt and 700watts are sold out nearly everywhere yiu turn

I have seen the 500watt to 590watt bifacials in stock

But feels kinda awful to buy 500watts after having bought 700watts

oloet:
I am patiently waiting for the 590w monos

I think there is a sizable quantity of 580w mono jinko in the market right now

The market has changed.

Mono will be in stock.

Bifacials sold out.

isangjohnson:
Does anyone have any idea about Foresolar charge controller?
Does it work with lithium battery?
My customer wanted to set it but he said password was needed. I don't know much about it

How come you rarely advertise your coupled batteries?

fuckboys:
this is not true, even if a 1000w panel exists, it would work with 12v setup. The most important aspect is meeting the parameters of the CC.

True.

While I initially connected an oversized array—2100 Watts (W) of panel output—to the same charge controller, the Open-Circuit Voltage remained within the controller's specifications.

The controller handled this by clipping the output power to its maximum capacity, ranging from 1.0 kW to 1.3 kW, without experiencing shutdown or overheating.

I later reduced the array size to 1.4 kW, and it now performs as expected, consistently outputting between 1.0 kW and 1.3 kW.

Dharyhor:
The charge controller's max voltage is 160v, each panel's voc is 49.45v, so both panels are still within range whether in series or parallel.

I noticed the heat generated by controller when the panels are in parallel is less compared to series which is understandable

Where is the CC installed?

Does it have adequate air flow?

Racoon:
Welcome on board newest 001 Navy. However, rear admiral Emmanuel Ogalla will forever be remembered for his remarkable tenure. The man put good infrastructural facility in Ojo and other naval formations. Pray the new chief will follow in that footsteps.

On this score, he tried!

But he no gree give me contract lol!

Dharyhor:
Noted, Thank you

I'm also looking at the option of buying 24v hybrid inverter and converting my battery to 24v 100ah

That's good advice; you absolutely need a higher-capacity charge controller (CC).

When I first got my hybrid inverter, I never even used its built-in CC because it was too restrictive. I knew I wanted to add more and bigger panels down the road than it could handle. That's actually why I bought my first external charge controller in the first place.

It was smart of you to get an external CC, but based on the specs of your current panels, it sounds like your existing one is undersized.What you do next really comes down to your budget: Do you get a bigger and better CC? Do you upgrade to a more powerful hybrid inverter? Or maybe you need to rethink the whole setup—like switching from a 12V to a 24V system, or just re-configuring the panels you already have so they actually work for you.

On top of all that, we have another potential issue: how are your panels connected? For example, those 530W x 2 panels. I've personally run panels that exceeded the CC's maximum power rating, and it never overheated. It just capped the output when it hit the limit because the voltage was in the safe range.

I eventually reduced my panel count to match that CC's capacity and moved the extra panels to a second charge controller, which feeds a separate inverter and its own battery bank.

Finally, what's the voltage of each panel? You might have actually exceeded the maximum voltage your charge controller can safely handle.

Dharyhor:
Was getting below 400watts even at peak of sun.
Na mixture of one 150watt, two 180watts and three 200 watts bought at different times
They're not popular brand, can't remember the names

When you wire your panels in parallel —connecting all the positive terminals together and all the negatives together—you force them all to run at the same voltage.The problem is, the entire group gets dragged down to the lowest voltage of any single panel you have. This means those higher-wattage panels that should be running at a higher voltage are essentially throttled, which cuts down their power output.The good news with parallel wiring, though, is that the current (the flow of electricity) from every single panel still gets to add up. So, even though it's not ideal, you usually get a higher overall power output than you would from a badly mismatched series setup.

Now, looking at your setup—1,110W worth of panels (150W, 180W, 200W, etc.) only spitting out less than 400W —that's a huge loss.

That kind of severe drop-off is the classic sign of a Series Wiring problem (or a complex mix of series and parallel) where the different panel specs are creating a massive mismatch loss.

One panel is essentially choking the others.

When you connect your panels in series—wiring the positive of one panel to the negative of the next—you are forcing the same amount of current (or amperage) through every single one.

The biggest issue is that the entire line gets limited by the "slowest" panel, meaning the one that produces the lowest current. Those bigger, higher-wattage panels are essentially throttled. They are forced to run at the lower current of the weakest link, which seriously cuts down how much power they can actually put out.

Try again with one of the 2 530W panels disconnected!

And report back to the house

I think the highest the charge controller can take at 12v is 720w, those two jinko panels na overkill

This is the issue. 720watts max capacity at 12v versus 530watts x2

Your CC will die prematurely

Dharyhor:
True, I was initially using small panels, they were not giving me high yield, na why I bought the big panels

What was the total wattage of your small panels?

Total wattage of your big panels exceeds the total capacity of your charge controller.

Use just one of the two panels OR not recommended but I have done it, use 2 charge controllers one for each panel but connected to the same battery.

You will notice something.

From time to time one of the charge controllers will surrender to the other one and not charge the battery until it is manually reset.

But it will be helpful if you happen to run current intensive loads during the middle of the day

Bankyshinani:
Can you make recommendations?

On what exactly?

FEGEITOK:
The calculation that helped me decide which panel to buy:
To calculate the ratio of watts to dollars for each solar panel, we'll divide the wattage of the panel by its price.

555-watt solar panel:

555 watts / $166,000 ≈ 0.0033 watts per dollar

600-watt solar panel:

600 watts / $202,000 ≈ 0.0029 watts per dollar

670-watt solar panel:

670 watts / $224,000 ≈ 0.0030 watts per dollar

Comparing the ratios, the 555-watt solar panel offers the highest ratio of watts to dollars, indicating that it provides the most wattage for the money.

Substitute dollars for Naira

Add the cost of freight to the cost of the panel for a more accurate figure

Bassdow take note.

We have gone this route before.

Saying get the biggest panels your money can buy does not discount this metric.

I looked at it when I went for FY instead of Jinko.

Given the inflated Jinko prices, getting the 700w made more economic sense than the 580w Jinkos

pranil:
I recently came across a very nice document by ABB or USE of ELCB/RCCB and applications.

It is written in simple laymen terms with additional technical information for those interested.

Worth having a look as the safety in electrical installation especially Residential should be the first priority

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fJ01G53B2PqPh1pcOxPIc4lAeCY_7gMJ/view?usp=sharing

Someone may find this useful

The official SE price for that RCCB is now 76,465.91 NGN. Resellers will add a markup obviously.

Quality is expensive.

In the next 2 years, it might be 160,000.00

It seems the RCBO is not in demand in Nigeria, at least I'm having difficulty finding it.

To get the best of both worlds combine the RCCB with an MCB such as the Acti9 iC60H 2P 63A C Miniature Circuit breaker which currently costs 31,022.73 NGN

bassdow:
but wait Ooo, why would anyOne use AC breaker in DC application ?
AC and DC no relate na

The Real Lesson: It's Not Just the Big Four

The biggest takeaway here is to pay attention to every part of the alternative power supply chain, not just the major components like the inverter, battery, and solar panels—which is what new users often focus on.

Crucial, yet often overlooked, components include the wiring (which is frequently the cause of fires) and the protections (fuses and Moulded Case Circuit Breakers, or MCCBs). An installer may also misdirect an uninformed or misinformed user, making it vital to do your own research.

System Upgrades: Learning From My Mistakes

Like many on this journey, I’ve made mistakes and learned from them. Recognizing these flaws has led to crucial upgrades that enhance safety and give me peace of mind.

Here are some of the fixes I’ve implemented:

1. I've upgraded the breaker between my batteries and the inverter to a FEEO FPVM-250.

2. My panels are now properly earthed; they were not earthed during the initial installation.

3. I previously documented on this thread how I installed a Schneider RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker). Finding an accredited seller in Abuja took me a whole day because I wanted to ensure I didn't get a fake. While newer technologies like the RCBO (Residual Current Circuit Breaker with Overcurrent protection) are available—and a newbie might decide to leapfrog directly to one—I haven't made that switch yet.

This effort paid off handsomely. The RCCB has helped me spot problems in my house long before they became serious, preventing potential disasters like the one that recently happened to the UBA house. It has tripped after detecting moisture in my wires and a fire from an overloaded water pump connection. Spending a day and nearly N30,000.00 (in 2023) on this single piece of equipment has been worth every kobo for the protection it provides.

Why Share My Experience?

I could have withheld this information, but sharing it helps new users understand that you can and should upgrade individual components in your alternative power supply system for better protection.

It also makes my narrative more credible. We all make mistakes in this journey, and sharing how we learn from them helps the community.

In any case, a user asked a specific question about which breaker trips, and I answered honestly. I have more than one inverter installation, and none of the others had ever tripped until yesterday. His question prompted me to further investigate my system and fix a serious oversight that I hadn't observed earlier.

I am pretty sure that had I removed the MCB in this new house and installed that Schneider it would not have let me use the house electricity because it is that sensitive! But I guess I have to to have the kind of peace of mind I had at my previous place of residence.

Bankyshinani:
Hope there will not be conflict of operation between the inverter mppt and the external mppt cos I believe both of them will be working at the same time?

I use both an internal MPPT CC and an external MPPT CC, and when the external MPPT notices the battery is full, it slows down and stops charging or like it happened this afternoon, the breaker between the MPPT and the battery tripped off

favouredbymercy:
Please I would like to know the type of breaker you are using. Thanks, because for now, replacement of CC is not in view

I did not answer this question then because upon checking I was using an AC breaker for DC which is wrong, I think I noticed arcing

I have since replaced the AC breakers for DC breakers and it just did it's work, it tripped off and when I went to check, the battery current was 29.~V and wanted to hit 30.~V

Here are the specs of the DC breakers that I am using

DC500V 4000A IEC60898-2 GBT/10963.-2 AND DC1000V 6000A IEC60898-2 GBT/10963.2

It was the DC500V breaker that just tripped off.

Sorry for the delay in the response.

Please do not use an AC breaker in a DC application, among other problems it can cause arcing which I personally observed, which is one of the reasons I had to make the change.

lilachiever:
I had no control over the choice of panels. Na landlord do him thing as he no want make people commot am if dem Dey go so dem no go spoil him roof.

So your landlord bought the panels, technically those panels are the landlord's not yours.

Did you have to pay extra?

What of the cabling and the installation?

lilachiever:
Just installed 6KVA Growatt Inverter and 15KWH LVTOPSUN. To be powered by grid and 8*460W panels. Na number of panels wey landlord gree install so I no get choice.

Panels were reading high voltage cos they were connected in singles series before, installer coming to re-arrange on a 4P*2S mode later.

I Dey pray make I no get issue. Cos na borrow borrow money I use do am.

Quick question. Do I need to charge fully before using the battery? It came 51% out of box and charged to 56% before NEPA carry light.

Always buy the biggest panels your money can buy!

460 watts in an age of 600 to 700 watts is short changing yourself

mctfopt:
Your generator frequency may likely be the culprit. You may need to replace the AVR of your gen. Or adjust the speed to see if you can get between 48Hz to 51Hz.

Most petrol generator produces terrible frequencies of about 40Hz or something like 70Hz. These type of frequency are often not compatible to battery charging.

I second this.

Our generator repairers are notorious for altering the frequency of petrol generators because 1. The noise is too much and 2. Maybe they think it will use less fuel