₦airaland Forum

Guys! I'm stucked at the " review and submit your application" part.. There seems to be no submit button visible anywhere for me to click.. Help ooh

Leykars:
Click that first box and pick and select the first option. Then go back again to pick Nigerian security bla bla...

After that click on the second box you should be able to select then

Thanks..

Finally, should the space for "exam result" be left unfilled?? Because i don't understand that aspect of...

I'm going through an issue right now.. It's not bringing out the role or position to fill.. It's just blank.. Who's experiencing same issue?

I wonder what would become a of Dangote's refinery..





Post No Bill

Alas, this is what the Nigerian police could come up with..

By Adamu,Abuh, Kanayo Umeh, Segun Olaniyi (Abuja), Odita Sunday (Lagos)
04 August 2019 | 4:28 am



The Nigeria Police Force has accused the convener of #RevolutionNow Protests, Omoyele Sowore and the Global Coalition for Security and Democracy in Nigeria of trying to force a regime change in the country.

The Police said inciting Nigerians, home and abroad, to join a planned ‘revolution’ march against the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria on Monday, August 5, amounts to treasonable felony and acts
of terrorism.

Sowore, pro-democracy activist and the presidential candidate of the African Action Congress (AAC) in the last general elections, had been sensitising a critical mass of Nigerians, through various platforms, in readiness for #RevolutionNow, a series of planned protests against bad governance, scheduled for tomorrow.


But operatives of the Department of State Service (DSS) arrested him in the early hours of Saturday at about 1.25 a.m. in his apartment.

In a statement yesterday, Force Public Relations Officer, DCP Frank Mba, said the Police would not stand idly-by and watch any individual or group in the society cause anarchy in the country.

He said: “While acknowledging the rights of Nigerians to embark on protest, the Force wishes to note that such rights should not translate to a violent and forceful change of government, which clearly is the meaning of ‘revolution.’ Needless to state that Nigeria is a democratic republic and has well-defined processes for change of government, exercised periodically during various cycle of elections.

“The Force therefore warns the organisers, sponsors, allies, supporters, associates and sympathisers of the group ‘Global Coalition for Security and Democracy in Nigeria’ to, in their own interest, steer clear of any such planned protest, demonstration, acts of incitement and proposed “revolution”, as the full wrath of the law will be brought to bear on any individual or group engaged or found participating in the planned criminal act.”

Mba called on parents and guardians to impress on their children and wards not to allow themselves to be used by any person or group of persons to cause breach of law and order, as the Police would work with other Law Enforcement Agencies and positive minded Nigerians to protect, defend and secure public peace and space.

Sowore’s arrest has, however, drawn widespread condemnation, with Nigerians calling for his immediate release.

The Committee for the Defence of Human Rights (CDHR), Lagos State Branch, and the Human Rights Writers Association of Nigeria (HURIWA) called for the immediate and unconditional release of Sowore.

In a statement by the chairman of its Lagos branch, Comrade Alex Omotehinse, CDHR reminded President Muhammadu Buhari that the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, as amended, gave Sowore or any other Nigerian, the right to protest and freedom of expression with right to lawful assembly.

“The President must be called to order by the National Assembly and he must know that this is a Democratic government not military government,” the group said.

HURIWA stressed that the arrest of Sowore was a culmination of the systematic clampdown and organised brutish attacks, targeting persons and groups with divergent opinion.

In a statement by the national coordinator, Emmanuel Onwubiko, the group accused the DSS of illegally bugging telephones of prominent civil rights leaders, including leaders of HURIWA, adding that the fundamentals of the practice of constitutional democracy are animated by the protection and promotion of the basic constitutional freedoms of speech.

Former Presidential candidate of the Alliance for New Nigeria (ANN),
Fela Durotoye, called on Nigerians to stand together in demanding the immediate release of the pro-democracy activist.

Durotoye said Sowore only lent his voice to “our collective frustration as a people,” noting that every Nigerian has a constitutional right to Freedom of Speech and peaceful protest.

In the same vein, former Deputy National Publicity Secretary of the All Progressives Congress (APC), Timi Frank, condemned Sowere’s arrest, while appealling to other comrades not to lose focus.

Frank said the country needed such massive protest now more than ever before, because of the killings, kidnapping, banditry, hunger, unemployment, economic disaster and all manners of mismanagement going on.

In a statement in Abuja, Frank said the protest was not about the convener but about the survival of Nigeria as a country.

He called on Tunde Bakare, Wole Soyinka, Femi Falana, Olisa Agbakoba and others, whom he described as ‘fathers of protesters,’ to support Sowere’s idea if they were not also supporting the evil currently going on in the country.


According to Frank, it is the constitutional right of the citizens to protest when they are dissatisfied with anything in a democratic government.

He said that all over the world, citizens were expressing their disaffections without being arrested by their governments, and reminded General Muhammadu Buhari of how he led protests in 2003 when he was in ANPP and 2014 before he emerged the Nigerian President.

Meanwhile, the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) and Trade Union Congress (TUC) have said that there were no plans to take part in any national day of protests.

The President of NLC, Ayuba Wabba said in Abuja yesterday that none of its affiliates and civil society allies were involved in staging any protest in any part of the country. This was as the TUC President, Quadri Olaleye said the Labour Centre is not in league with any group whatsoever for any mass action in any part of the country.

He added that there were no issues in contention with any public authority that has not been subjected to social dialogue that will now require extra ordinary means or action to resolve.

Source: https://m.guardian.ng/news/police-accuse-sowore-gcsd-of-plotting-regime-change/

Read more on www.nubiarepublic.com

Cc;Fulaman198, odumchi, bigfrancis21,Lalasticlala

5. SUNDAY(Sunna’s day)

Sunday,which originated from the Anglo-Saxon word “Sunnandæg”,was dedicated to the Norse goddess of the sun, Sunna (or Sól). It is said the the goddess Sunna,drives the chariot of the Sun across the sky every day,pulled by the horses Allsvinn ("Very Fast" ) and Arvak ("Early Rising" ).Also,She is said to be the sister of Måni, the Moon-god, and the wife of Glaur or Glen ("Shine" ). The goddess is also a healer.


https://www.nubiarepublic.com/2019/07/days-of-week-origin-behind-names.html
sources:
http://www.undoomed.wikifoundry-mobile.com
www,medium.com

6. SATURDAY(Saturn’s day)

Finally,a break from the norm.Unlike other days of the week,named after Anglo-Saxon and Nordic/Scandinavian deities,Saturday instead,was named after the great Roman god Saturn.In this case, the English “Saturn’s day” comes from the Anglo-Saxon word “Sæturnesdæg”.Saturn,father of Jupiter,is the Roman god of time,fertility and,agriculture.

Although,some quarters such as the Spanish and French still don’t regard Saturday as Saturn’s day instead,the day’s name reiterates instead,a word with Hebrew origin “Sabbat”. This was Jewish day of rest — Jewish Sabbath. In Spanish, Sábado originates from the Latin word “sabbatum

5. FRIDAY(Frigg’s day).

Friday comes from Old English “Frīgedæg” and it refers to the Norse goddess Frigg (or Freya).Frigg,a wife to Odin,was extremely important to the Anglo Saxons because she provided them with food and water.
Tributes was usually paid to her by the Anglo-Saxons on the month of September hence,they referred the month of September as “Haligmonath”, or The Holy Month.A day in the week was named after her.

4. THURSDAY(Thor's day)

The Norse god of thunder Thor,was also known as Thunnar by the Anglo-Saxons.Thor,a son of the chief god Odin and Jord,has been reawakened into the 21st century,not as a deity to be worshiped but,due to his adaptation into popular screenplays,such as the Marvel series of "Avengers" and "Thor".Known for his hot temper,he was also fond of riding his chariot during storms and,thunder was heard when he threw his hammer.A very strong,bearded,powerful looking god,he was canonized into immortality with a name of a day in a week;'Thor's day' now known as 'Thursday'.

3.WEDNESDAY(Odin's day)
Probably the most popular deity,the Nordic blood thirsty god Odin,reigned not only as the head of the other gods but,is also considered as the first ancestor of the Anglo-Saxon royalty hereby,making him the god of kings.The Germanic-Norse god was also the god of death,battle,wisdom,runes and,the wild hunts.He was also responsible for usurping the older god Tiw.Today,Odin is still a highly revered deity,and his mythology encompasses much of the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian cultural practices and activities.
For his mythological prowess coupled with his position as the head god,the third day of the week was named after him.

2. Tuesday(Tiw’s day)

Probably the oldest deity known and recognized by the Germanic tribes,Tiw was acknowledged to be the most powerful of all gods.He reigned as god of the sky,and later on,as god of war.It was also believed that Frige, the earth mother,was his wife.Just like the Greek mythology,Tiw and Frige,could be likened to the Titan god Kronos and his wife Gaia.Even in a remarkable twist,just as Kronos was usurped and defeated by his youngest son ,the Olympian god Zeus,the Norse god Tiw was also disposed by a more formidable god,Odin.
Tiw is the equivalent of the Roman god Mars, and is the origin for the name Tuesday.

1. MONDAY (Moon’s day)

First on the list is is the first working day of the week Monday.Otherwise known as the moon day,Monday in Old English,originates from the word “Mōnandæg”. It honors the moon-god Máni,whose origin dates way back to Norse mythology.

NUBIA REPUBLIC
https://www.nubiarepublic.com/2019/07/days-of-week-origin-behind-names.html

Just as democracy was credited to the Greeks and,Romans for their famous tarred roads and aqueducts,we can also,in the same sense,attribute the ‘seven-day week’ structure to the Babylonians. Ancient Babylon,whose civilization blossomed 2,000 BC before the ascension of the Greeks and Roman into power,devised a calender intended to calculate the movement of the moon,as well as its transition between each phase such as a full moon,half,new and,waxing half.Again,one might wonder how the Babylonians came up with such a complex system of cosmic accuracy.Well,it is said that the Earth and Sun helps significantly in the identification of days and years whereas,the Moon cycle reveals more in terms of calculations of months.Furtherstill,it takes the Moon approximately 28 days plus an additional 1 or 2-day arrangement,to go through the 4 phases hence,it takes a 7-day period for the moon to go through a single phase.Nevertheless,the introduction of the 7-day a week calender was popularized and adapted into use by the Roman Empire,under the rule of Constantine the Great;the first Catholic Roman Emperor.This was during the 1st Century BC.

Now,we have fully established the WHERE and the HOW of the ‘7-day week’ structure,here comes the next question; HOW DID THEY ARRIVE AT THE NAMES?.It is pertinent to note that in ancient times,it was common practice to honor deities with important attachments such as monuments and cities.Ironically,it soon extended into abstracts such as the days and months,and celestial bodies such as the planets and galaxies.Here is brief compilation of the origin of the names behind the days of the week.

[b]Funny! A so called friend also did the same thing to me this year during my service. I already knew the frenemy's game without him knowing it.. He led to the first break-up between me and my ex without both the knowledge of the ex and this guy. Immediately, i systematically stopped him from coming to my place. After I made up with the my ex and started dating again, this guy wasn't happy about it. This is a guy who that literally does everything at my expense. Sometimes I, he stays overly in my place for almost a month while I kept feeding and giving money to him, which he never bothered to return. He'd spend his entire allowee on weed and frivolous spending and run over the to my place when broke. To make matter of worst, we're all in the same PPA ;me, my ex, and the guy. Eventually, he also led to the second breakup apart from the stupidity of the girl herself. To make matters worst, before our second breakup, she wá alway chatting with the guy rather than me. I'd usually send s message in the morning and get my reply probably in the evening while she chatted with away with this guy. It got so disgusting to the level whereby when we eventually broke up the second time, the guy had the nerves to be insulting me via whatsApp status and, not just that, he started posting pictures of both him and my ex on his status.. There was was even a picture we all took together and this guy posted this same picture, only this time, i had been systematically erased and deleted from the the picture.. The guy was attacking me from every corner in Whatsapp and i was just laughing.. When we resumed, i had already made updates my mind. I totally snubbed him, never picked up his calls or read his messages, never entertained him in my place, etc .. The message was clear ;STAY AWAY FROM ME. It got to a point whereby everyone within my PPA were quite angry at me thinking i decided to to just snub the guy for no reason as he himself was going about telling them he did nothing.. I eventually spilled the whole story to the guy in our PPA still,some of these guys were saying "na girlfriend matter jhoor"and immediately after that statement, i made sure i drastically reduced my movement with those guys.. Before we passed out last month, the guy was begging everyone to talk to me so that i could grant him an audience for him to explain himself.. It got to a point whereby teachers in my PPA came to me to bury what everybody hatchet u had with the guy still, i bluntly told them that we had to no beef but i don't want a friendship with him anymore. That done, i went to the Principal and requested to a different staff room away from my ex, frenemy, the Aproko female Corpers and, the other guys till the end of service. they all saw me as some kind of pompous, arrogant boy afterwards . Me i like it that way ooh.. If my assumed friend could start buying things like chin-chin and La Casera for my ex behind the my back without the girl also informing me, if a supposed friend could visit your ex when you she was sick without me the boyfriend even knowing she was sick and she never told me(... The guy even came to my house b4 heading for her place that same day and he claimed he came to purchase charger), if your friend could sleep in the house of your ex without both of them informing you, my brother, RUN FOR YOUR LIFE!! I was lucky it happened to me during my NYSC and that it was close to the end of service year 'cos if not, would have gone ahead with a deadly friendship with the guy and some of my PPA colleagues.. As for me OP, assuming7i was your friend, i won't even entertain a single conversation between us. You're too dangerous to even share greetings with. Lets be realistic, you're are traitor.. A big time one.. [/b]

Post No Bill..

NUBIA REPUBLIC
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Still basking in the euphoria of the recent recommendation of chief Gani Adams as the new Generalissimo of the Yoruba race,a title that has been left vacant since the demise of the previous holder,there have been various speculations as to the motives behind such a decision by the Alaafin of Oyo.Perhaps we should take into retrospect some of the Socio-political and economic afflictions currently bedeviling the nation coupled with the circumstances that might have led to the ultimate decision.


The ship of the Oodua Peoples’ Congress, the Yoruba militia group in times past,have been rocked severally by turbulent waters,owing to the apathy within its chambers of leadership.Nevertheless,before the axe wielders and gunners began their battle from within,it should be noted that,the sole aim for the existence of the OPC was born out of immense pressure on the part of the Yorubas to reinstate the lost mandate of the June 12 1993 election,checkmate the megalomaniacs in the north and,establish a militia organization which is to be responsible for the defense and continuity of the Yorubas in Nigeria.Thus,its birth in the year ‘94 by Dr Frederick Fasheun.


Furthermore,ever since its inception in 1994,it has aggressively pursued the interest of the Yoruba race in Nigeria without prejudice as to the politics been played by renown Yoruba personalities therein.It became a watchtower for the Yorubas and a rallying point which harbored intellectuals and scholars from all spheres to its cause.Perhaps,along the line,its activities became too politicized,soft and,weak to some of its members hence,the birth of a splinter faction in ‘99 with its leader as Gani Adams.



Although,popularly viewed as a rebel,Chief Gani Adams had always insisted on the need for the Yorubas to be self-governed in a country of their own.He had always voiced his displeasure on the way and manner in which the Yorubas were treated,especially on their own soil.Perhaps,his altruistic part got the better of him when he carved out a more goal oriented faction which has,over the past few years,proven its potency in regards to the security of lives and properties of the Yorubas in the South-Western parts of Nigeria.Today,we can virtually see a handful of the OPC men in every corner of every street in every states within the Yorubalands.


Nevertheless,one should behold the fact that the operations of the Gani Adams and OPC as a militia group itself juxtaposes the already constituted security apparatus found within Nigeria.Lest we forget,the group was created as a militia wing of the Yorubas in retaliation to the June 12 annulment and the misanthropic military regime that followed.Also,it should be noted that the OPC can be categorized in same league with the likes of the late Major Adaka Boro’s Niger Delta Volunteer Force (NDVF) which declared an independent republic of Niger Delta on the 23rd of February 1966 consisting mainly of the Ijaw ethnic groups and, the Movement of the Emancipation of the Niger Delta(MEND).These groups had two things in common;the radical struggle against the inequality and oppression of their people and,the agitation for an independent separate region or country of their own.


A major question now on the lips of critics is why would an apex monarch hand-pick a leader of a militia group for the post of Generalissimo of the entire Yoruba race,despite his knowledge on the secessionist activities of this person of interest.The dreaded post of the Aare Ona Kakanfo since time past,has been a title reserved for the fiercest warrior within the Oodua lands.Centuries ago,we had seen the likes of Afonja of Ilorin,Kurunmi of Ijaiye and,Latoosa of Ibadan grace the title of the Generalissimo with the task of protecting the empire and the entire Yoruba race;a duty they perfectly dispatched before their shortcomings and eventual downfall.Although,critics would argue that the birth of the 20th century redesigned the title into a ceremonial one as manifested by the two previous holders namely Ladoke Akintola of Ogbomosho and Moshood Abiola of Abeokuta,but the recent inclusion of Chief Gani Adams into this circle of Generalissimos in this present century,may totally eclipse the ceremonial notion.


As it stands now,Nigeria as a country,is under a sociopolitical,economic and ethnic siege,whereby its coffers is being vandalized tremendously by pseudo-leaders coupled with the niggardliness of the government towards the well-being of its citizens.Also,Politicians in a bid to hold-on or retain power,feed the populace with strong fermented illusions of an ideal society,so conk and addictive,it intoxicates the electorates into casting votes for the "wolves in sheep clothing" thus,the drunken populace wakes into a devious hangover and cataclysmic reality of a unanimous miscalculation on their part,as a result of the treachery and stratagems employed against them by the political maestros.At such time of despair,the masses no longer put their trust in their leaders,but find solace in charismatic individuals and groups who,tactically maneuver into their consciousness,wet dreams of an Utopian society.Who would blame Nnamdi Kanu and IPOB for their incessant quest for a separate ethnic independent country;Biafra,or the Niger-Delta Avengers for their call for an equally separate nation or most importantly,who would blame the Yorubas if they decide to look upon Gani Adams and the OPC to pull them out.


Furthermore,with the frequent call for the re-introduction of true federalism and regionalism,ironically,the powers-that-be still deem it fit to maintain the current status quo either,for personal greed or other ulterior motives unknown to the populace,with incoherent reasons as justification for their actions.Some of these reasons have been linked to tribalism due to the hegemonic traits found in a particular region.Who would blame the populace for plying the route of tribalism,when some of the politicians and leaders in times past,have laced the atmosphere with poisonous ethnic propaganda so contagious and odoriferous,its after-effect and stench still oozes from every ethnic corner of the federation.Who would blame the various ethnic groups for harboring a tremendous amount of hatred against each other,while the real enemy advances slowly upon the Southernlands,like the biblical seven-headed beast with ten horns from the book of Revelations,with an intent to destroy.


Conversely,the rising notion of a referendum to decide the fate of the nation by the people also has fallen on the deaf ears of the people in power.These attitude of the Government towards its people have accelerated the masses interest and participation in terms of the activities of the various rebellious secessionist groups.Nevertheless,such audacious acts and uprising by the public have constantly been met by a brute and deadly armed force as seen in the recent military campaign against the ill-equipped IPOB secessionist group led by Nnamdi Kanu;this is to reaffirm their intention to maintain the current scheme of things.How long will it take again before a well equipped and organized group rise up against the tyranny of the government.


Moreover,if we throw a critical look at the list of the Aare Ona Kakanfo title holders in Yorubaland,one could deductively identify a constant and dominant trait within these men of valor;which is their very stubborn and rebellious personalty which more than often leads them to their graves.In fact,ninety-nine percent of them had died during violent upheavals majorly as a result of their doings or undoings.Even the ceremonial non-combatant ones of the 20th century were not found wanting in the bloodbath as they also danced merrily to the tune of death through violent means.These men were tasked with the responsibility of defending the Yorubas from external threats,and also commanded to go to war at least once every three years.We are talking about a man with the entire armed forces of the Yoruba race at his behest.Now we have a certain Gani Adams from Akoko in Ondo State who, prior to his conferment as the Field-Marshal of the Yoruba race,was a leader of a well organized Militia wing. Moreover,a natural born leader,Gani Adams himself is an exemplary warrior who has the loyalty and allegiance of the OPC,the militia wing of the Yorubas.A very rebellious person in nature and has proven this many a time even without the dreaded 201 incisions that comes with the title of the Generalissimo.Its a perfect example of a round peg in a round hole.Ironically,he is a man who perfectly fits the role of the great warlords and his conferment came at a time in which the various ethnic nations are agitating either for a separate region or an independent country.These itself has not gone unnoticed by the central power as they themeselve are quietly examining the possibility of a cataclysmic clash.


Whether or not the Government succumbs to the demands of the masses,one thing is definitely sure;chaos,and it would be at the doorsteps of the Yorubas sooner than we think whether we decide to come to terms or not with reality.Whether we view this theory as a possibility or hoax,we should not forget that not even a single one of his predecessors had lived a life free from chaos and upheavals which not only affected them,but engulfed the entire region.The Yorubas have taken the path of peace ever since the end of the 16yrs war which ravaged the region during the twilight of the 19th century.Even when their sons Akintola and MKO Abiola were killed respectively during their time,they maintained a philosophy of peace.Over the years,they have taken the role of skeptics,examining the various agitations of various groups in regions within the country and,they have remained indifferent to them,hoping the leaders would come to reason with the request of the masses.At this point in time,we can only pray and hope that Nigeria does not run out of diplomatic options with its ethnic nations especially now that the Yorubas have started clamoring for a regional form of Government,due to the incessant fatal inward surge of the Fulani herdsmen and the hypocritically suspended RUGA masterplan of the presidency.How long will it take the Government to heed to the warnings written allover such agitations.A war with the Igbo race might have little or no economic impact on the country,but a war with the Yorubas would not only mean the end of all economic and financial activities within Nigeria,but a looming Armageddon that would forever shatter sub-Saharan Africa and the black world.To my fellow Yorubas;brace yourselves,winter is coming




http://www.nubiarepublic.com/2019/07/the-yorubasgani-adamsthe-titleand.html

NUBIA REPUBLIC
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All through ages and civilizations,the world has witnessed muddy villages and tiny city-states filled mainly with farmers and fishermen,rise into great empires and civilizations,with super Socio-political structures and codes of governance\,which has been mimicked and practiced over the years by some of the greatest countries of our present age.Many of these empires lasted thousands of years before their eventual collapse,either
into smaller city states or into total oblivion.We have had several of these great Empires such as Babylon,Persia,Carthage,Arcadia,Egypt,Macedon and the Greeks,Rome,the Sumerians, and the Mythical Atlantis.Some of which still exist today but only in the shadows of its per-existing form and power such as Iran(formerly Persia), Iraq(formerly Babylon),and Turkey(Ottoman empire).

Unlike these great powers of old whose dominion spread all over Europe,Northern Africa,Asia minor and the Middle East,they were also mighty Empires all be it smaller ones which later sprouted all over the sub-Saharan part of Africa with equally potent Rulers who, through their great deeds and works,have left their marks on the sands of time.Our point of focus would be on the first ever recorded Yoruba empire known as the Oyo Empire.We shall quickly delve into its origin,social and political structure,economy,military might,crisis, and finally, its decline.

Ile-Ife, was said to be the first settlement of the founders of the various component part that made up the great Oyo Empire. Also,Oduduwa the progenitor and ancestor who was also the first king of the Yorubas settled at Ile-Ife.It was from this great land of origin that one of the sons of Okanbi,the child of Oduduwa founded Oyo and was the first Alaafin of Oyo.His name was Oranmiyan.

The Empire was situated in the savanna areas unlike the rest of the Yoruba lands which were situated deep into the jungles of West-Africa,and this made movements possible over a wide area of land.The land also made it possible for the importation of Horses,bows and arrows which enabled the establishment of the Empire.

The Oyo Empire had in place,one of the best system of governance.It was a system filled with checks and balances.The government was a centralized one and headed by the Alaafin(official title of the King),which is similar to a sort of hereditary presidential system in our modern age.Also,we have the “Oyomesi” which was a supreme council of seven men,who were kingmakers and they were headed by a “Basorun”,(Prime Minister)who was a very powerful man and he,along with the rest of the Oyomesi served as check and balance to the Alaafin’s power.The The Oyomesi was a necessary institution put in place to curb the the Alaafin from effectively maximizing his ever growing power either negatively or positively to his own advantage.They act more like a senate house with the Bashorun as the Senate President.

Furthermore,the Alaafin had other assistants such as the Eunuchs “Ona-Efa”(chief Justice), “Otun-Efa”(head of the Religious deities)and,the“Osi-Efa”(Finance Minister)who always dies with the Alaafins.This was a sort of mini kitchen cabinet.We also had the “Ilarins”and “Ajeles”who ruled the conquered villages.we could see them as Governor-Generals of colonies.Another of this created institutions was the “Ogboni”, which was headed by the “Olumo”.The Ogboni also served as a check on the influence of the Oyomesi,though a powerful Bashorun could successfully manipulate them such as in the case of the revered Bashorun Gaa.

The Army of the Empire was put in the charge of a very powerful Field Marshal known as the “Aare Ona Kakanfo”, and he had a war council that consisted of seventy war Chiefs called the “Esos” who were there to assist him on affairs of war.Should the Empire’s Army fall at the battlefield or lose a war,the Esos were banished from the Empire and the Aare Ona Kakanfo himself was forced to commit suicide.This stringent military factors and conditions made the Army a very disciplined and formidable brute force to reckon with which contributed highly to the expansion of the Empire.

Like many powerful Empires,the Economy of Oyo was mainly centered around Agriculture.The people of Oyo were Agriculturalist and the soil around Oyo was fertile for farming so, it enabled them to produce enough food for the people.Revenue was also accumulated from trades.The industrial skill of the people of Oyo also contributed to its growth in power and prosperity i.e dying,carving,weaving and,the decorative arts attracted trades from far and wide.The Empire traded with its neighbors such as the Nupes,Ekiti,Owus and,the Ijebus.Trade articles included Kola-nuts,cloths,salt and,Horses.The people of Oyo were famous craftsmen who engaged in the act of bronze and brass casting and painting.

It should be noted that Oyo was a commercial center on trade routes.The strategic position of the political capital enabled the empire to benefit from the Trans-Saharan trade routes through the Hausa-lands.Other sources of revenue included taxes and tributes to the empire from vassal states and conquered territories.From the 15th century,the Oyo Empire engaged in Trans-Atlantic slave-trade with the Europeans.

Generally,the rise of the Empire could be attributed to factors such as good and exemplary leadership provided by some of its rulers such as the case of Alaafin Oranmiyan,the founder was said to be a brave ruler.Later Rulers such as Sango,Orompoto,and the others were said to be fierce and powerful rulers.Another factor could be said to be the peace and tranquility enjoyed by the empire under the successive Alaafins.

Just as they rise;they also fall.Historically,it is agreed that the death of the Alaafin Abiodun marked the beginning of the end of Oyo’s greatness.There was also weakness of the central government due to strives between the Basorun and the Alaafin such as the case of Basorun Gaa and Alaafin Abiodun.Political instability was also an order of the day and this resulted in loss of economic wealth.The slave-Trade also brought its own share of negative influence.Another important factor which contributed to the decline of the empire was the start of series of revolts from the vassal states such as the Egbas and Dahomey.Perhaps,the final nail on the coffin was the rebellious attitudes of the Aare Ona Kakanfos such as the case of Afonja, who openly rebelled and ,through the help of his an Islamic cleric cum Jihadist known as Alimi,he successfully wagged war on his own Empire and Alaafin which was a taboo.

Finally,the Old Oyo Empire lasted between the 15th and 19th century.Apart from the Bornu Empire,the empire of Oyo was the most long-lived within the entire West-African Kingdoms and regions.



http://www.nubiarepublic.com/2019/06/ancient-civilizationsa-briefer-history.html

This story is kinda funny.. I'm in your shoes right now only that i did not try to cheat on my ex.. Mine is simple.. I broke up with her once in February due to the fact that she was unyielding to so many things. We're both Corp members who serve in same PPA. She doesn't want to learn any trade, profession or do anything after every urge and pleading from me and even her roommate is not helping matters as she's the worst friend ever. I even made contacts with friends who were willing to teach her for free but she said she's not interested. Apart from Rice, Spaghetti and, porridge, she literally can't prepare any sort of Yorùbá traditional meal. I even pleaded that i was going to teach her myself all to no avail. She also knows little or nothing intellectually and she holds an HND in Microbiology . Only thing she can knows is Instagram anf follows all Big Brother Naija participants from CeeCee to Kbrule etc. When you ask her to use the same data for research and enlightenment, it's as if you're insulting her. Funny enough, she's noy a slay queen and doesn't even makeup at all. Here's hair is very natural and she only braids it.. She's also very quite and easy going so, i wondered how a lady like that could have lots of of faults like that. I broke up with her first in February then, i started filling the emptiness in my life after 2 weeks.. As in, i pleaded my way back no thanks to a friend of mine who's also a Corper in my PPA. Her friend wasn't even helping issues as I discovered that she wasn't happy all through our makeup session and was very excited happy all through our breakup days. Fast forward to the 20th of April, she broke up with citing claiming i had failed to chat her up for 8 days and that my whatsapp status was always updated with some sort of things thats might be directed towards her.. Can you imagine my ex claiming thats i was insulting her through my whatsapp status . She was even boasting that she was had alot of guys on her neck and that if it was my attention, she doesn't need it again. Guy, as in i beg tire eehn like casssnova, considering the fact that we had only seen each other once after the reconciliation as we went on second term and Easterly break (for those of us serving in schools)
Baba, naso i lock up ooh they look my own i can't come and kill myself.. She claimed alot of guys were on her neck whereas , we bothered knew whats those guys were after. Even me that had alot of girls way better than her storming my whatsapp everyday, i no boast about am.. Guy, take the advice of the guys up there and give her that much needed space and gap.. Be on your own and free her.. Shebi, she don see people wey dey deceiver her abi, she go hear am.. They tend to think there're men waiting to sweep them off their feet abi , no problem na, e go happen like Jet Li film trick as she go run like pitbull cone back to you.. I also gave my ex that space and if you see the way she reacted to it eehn.. It first started with laughs and fake smiles with her friend to try to show that she has MOVED ON only for her to later threaten to break my system in my absence when she came to charge her fone in the staff room i was situated and i was like WTF!! .. Na she was breakup with me ooh.. So, just calm down and free her.

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Moshood Abiola of Abeokuta

The next in line to assume the much dreaded title of Generalissimo albeit, ceremonial now was an industrial tycoon by the name Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola of Abeokuta.He was conferred with the title of the Aare Ona Kakanfo in the year 1988.He assumed office 22 years after the ghastly death of the former holder Akintola of Ogbomosho.

Unlike Akintola who was a powerful political figure in the South western region in the early 50’s to mid 60’s,Moshood Abiola was a businessman,entrepreneur and industrialist who,made bulk of his vast income from banking,publishing,retail, and other forms of enterprise.With his new found wealth,he was able to stand out amidst the other wealthy Nigerians of Yoruba descent mainly due to his philanthropist aura.
Ironically,he was soon cobwebbed into one of the greatest series of scandals in the history books of Nigeria.

First of his alleged atrocities was his involvement in the coup of 1985 against Major Muhammadu Buhari.Nigeria, before the coming of the dynamic duo of Buhari and Idiagbon was in an abysmal state of hopelessness and corruption.The military duo then thought it wise to salvage the country from its current predicaments.This they did with their famous campaign for War Against Indiscipline(WAI),which tackled the corrupt practices of civilians,civil servants,politicians,companies and contractors,top government executives and,the military.This did not seem to go down well with this league of persons..Moshood Abiola soon,in his philanthropic stead,generously contributed financially to the overthrow of the Buhari-Idiagbon regime.Moshood Abiola and the guys in the military sensing the full wrath of the hammer of justice about to fall on them,ousted the Dictator and his de facto ruler.It was a move which then brought in the beasts in persons of Babangida and Abacha who eventually saw to his ruin.

The second was his involvement in the saga of the late Samuel Doe of Liberia.The Liberian dictator,foreseeing his own doom,decided to divert a very large sum of money in tune of 5billion dollars looted from the Liberian coffers which he then diverted to Nigeria and left under the watch of his very good friend,the then Military President General Badamassi Babangida.Hopefully,Samuel Doe had financially prepared and strengthened the future of his family pending his imminent demise.His orders were for his family to visit Babangida for the looted money if he eventually felled in active duty.Babangida,who apart from been in a top position as the then military President, had no proper means nor provision for that amount of money instead,gave the money to Moshood Abiola ,his good friend,for safe keeping.This was a costly mistake.Abiola as we were told then paid the money into the account of one of his wives Kudirat, and this was done with her name as the signatory to the account hence,making her sole owner of the money.Alas,the time came and Samuel Doe,the hitherto Dictator of Liberia perished under the new dictator Charles Taylor.As instructed ,the family of the deceased dictator came to Nigeria to claim their cash prize from the hands of Babangida.The Nigerian military president then called unto his friend Moshood Abiola to produce the money he had been given for safe keeping ,but this was not the case as the drama took a new turn.Abiola,who had gotten wind of the death of Samuel Doe saw this as an opportunity to put a claim on the money in question,refused to give it back to Babangida with an excuse that the money has been invested into a business by his wife Kudirat.This was a very treacherous move by Moshood Abiola against a man who himself is master of such humane attributes.

The third was perhaps,the most spoken about fraudulent act by the business tycoon.Abiola was the head of the Nigerian branch of the controversial communication company International Telephone and Telegraph corporation.There was an initial agreement that the company was to provide an effective and workable telephone service s for the country.This deal would have a telephone he contract was booth on every street of Nigeria.The contract,which was said to worth a staggering 75million was increased and manipulated to a gargantuan amount in the tune of 750 million by Abiola and his cronies mainly in the military.This financial stunt pivoted Abiola into a multi-millionaire overnight.His partners in crime also benefited immensely from this savagery.The deal itself was a Trojan horse as there was no trace of the execution of the contract.In order words,there was no single telephone or telecommunication device installed anywhere in Nigeria through the project rather,it was only a means for greedy men to increase in wealth.It was a scheme so legendary,it literally had a musical track named after it by Fela Anikulapo Kuti.

The climax hurriedly came later-on during the presidential election of 1993.An election,which he went into as the favorite candidate for the post and the day for election was set for the 12th of June 1993.Ironically,it seems karma never forgets the sins of man and had Abiola right where it wanted.Abiola, who had hitherto found solace in acquaintanceship with the military guys was astounded as to the sudden paradigm shift by General Babangida in annulling the election.An election which had been conducted and victoriously won in a free and fair atmosphere devoid of electoral malpractices in which Babangida had claimed was his reason for annulment.The events which followed the June 12 stolen mandate further highlighted the intense grip of barbarism in the country as rebellions on all fronts were quelled,homicides committed like in the case of Kudirat Abiola,and necessary mouths were financially oiled to sing new songs about the election.This did not deter Abiola as he continued to agitate for the return of his stolen mandate even after an Interim government had been set up to replacing the outgoing Military president.His demise became imminent when the late General Sanni Abacha seized power from the interim government of Earnest Shonekan.Despite warnings from various quarters not to go about pronouncing himself president,Abiola against these adherence,fancied his chances and continued to do so thus,going toe-to-toe in a clash of power interest with the brutal dictator until he was finally arrested by by the Junta.After several cases of deteriorating health in military captivity,Abiola,the 14th Aare Ona Kakanfo and second and last of the 20th century, gave up the ghost on the 7th of July 1998.His death came as mysterious as his birth.


Source: http://www.nubiarepublic.com/2019/06/aare-ona-kankanfothe-yoruba-warlords-of.html

Ladoke Akintola of Ogbomosho

The 20th century marked the dawn of a new era to the Yorubas and other ethnic nations around the Niger area as they were eventually clamped or amalgamated together into a single entity called Nigeria.By this time,there were no more wars and the British administration were in-charge of the affairs of the nation.Also,it brought about the very first Aare Ona Kakanfo of the modern era in the person of Ladoke Akintola,the then Premier of the Western region.A title more or less a ceremonial office now,bestowed to the most noble and distinguished among the Yoruba people.

Such as a fate would have it,Premier Akintola was not speared from the bloody path previously navigated by his predecessors-in-crime.The first Republic had a promising beginning,but soon drifted into calamity waiting to engulf not only the Yoruba nation,but the country at large. It started with the conspiracy and plot against Awolowo,the first Premier of the Western Region.The whole issue soon escalated into chaos in the region with the subsequent arrest and sentence of Awolowo for an alleged coup plot against the Nigerian Government coupled with the audacious partnership between the Action Group and the Eastern power bloc party NCNC.All these was followed by a mass rigging of the election in the Western Region with Premier Akintola playing a dominant role of a villain in the whole saga which inevitably led to cocktail mixture of bedlam which soon fermented into mayhem;toxic and odoriferous.Soon,they were rampant killings and intimidation in the streets and corners all over the western region with frequent political clashes via thugs which made the region totally unsafe for civilians.This soon earned the region the nickname “wild west”.consequently,this did not go down well with some fairly young, armed and, experienced skeptics thus,leading to the historical uprising of the 5 Majors.

To be a beholder of a title such as that of the revered trouble-prone Aare Ona Kakanfo,its either you go looking for trouble,or trouble comes looking for you.The former and latter was the case of the Premier.On the night of 15th January 1966,a company of soldiers dropped-by on a deadly courtesy visit at his residence in Ibadan,which he did not hesitate to reciprocate in same coin.Akintola,sensing the essence and intent of these August visitors,bravely took up arms against the first Coupists in Nigeria.

After a lengthy battle that spanned over to the next morning at the expense of the lives of almost a company of soldiers,he was eventually mortally wounded by series of bullets from the Coupists,who had replenished their dwindling ranks with new hands.It was said that Akintola,whose dying body had hitherto been dumped on the bare floor at the old Adeoyo Hospital in Ibadan,was still breathing and remained in that helpless state several hours after his epic gun battle with the Coupists.He eventually gave up the ghost at sunset.

Obadoke Iyanda Asubiaro Latoosa of Ibadan

The 12th lord of war of the Yoruba nation was the fearsome Ibadan warrior Iyanda obadoke Asubiaro Latoosa Agadagudu, the son of Ore Orisa.It was during his reign that the most ruthless feminine figure in the history books of the Yorubas was permanently put to sleep.The all powerful Iyalode Efusetan Aniwura went on rampage in Ibadan with minimal interference from the chiefs due to her position within the society.For someone of her status,she was a very wealthy and industrious woman whose bulk of income was realized from her exploits in the slave market.Her overbearing nature,atrocities and, disregard for laws and order from the ruling council of Ibadan after several stern warnings and counseling, initiated her eventual destruction.Legend has it that she once boastfully made a damning statement in which she openly made it known that “God should keep ruling the heavens,while she rule down here on earth”.Perhaps,the great Warmonger of the Yoruba nation had enough of the tantrums thrown at him by this feminine nuisance who was fast becoming a pestiferous vermin to his existence hence,his decision to summarily decommission and relieve the female slaver off her duties on earth.

Nevertheless,the reign of Aare Latoosa brought a spectacular crescendo to the Yoruba civil wars.After the fall of the Oyo Empire,Ibadan took the role of Sovereignty over the Yoruba nation which did not go down well with the leaders and people of the Yoruba city states.Aare Latoosa,perceiving a growing rebellion against him and Ibadan,declared an epic war on those who opposed the hegemony of Ibadan.There onward,the Yoruba nation was plunged into a brutal civil war that put to asunder the very fabric of the Yoruba race.

Aare Latoosa along with his Ibadan war machines and allies,waged and fought wars on five different fronts.His first was against the Egba nation in the South,who engaged them in a Guerrilla type of warfare.Their second encounter,to the same South,was against the Ijebus this time who pitched their war camp at Oru .Their third to the east at Kiriji was perhaps,the main center of attraction due to the fact that they fought a long battle with the Ekiti-Parapo forces of Ijesa and Ekiti.Their fourth was at Offa in the North,where they faced the Ilorin Fulani emirate.The fifth was against Ile-Ife, the ancestral origin of the Yoruba race.It should be noted that the Ibadan forces suffered series of setbacks in terms of weapons,but were still able to withstand the combined forces of their enemies thus,elongating the span of the war until the eventual intervention of the British empire during the scramble for and partition of Africa.

Unfortunately,after a fracas ensued between Latoosa and his deputy commander which deteriorated into palace coup,the great lord of war out of rage,went into his room where he gently laid on his bed after an intake of poison thus,ending the life of a true magnificent warrior of the 19th century .

Ojo Aburumaku of Ogbomosho

The 11th Generalissimo was more of a restless warrior who longed for a war when there was none and could wait no longer.This warrior then decided to take a condescending figure in midwifing a civil war of his own in his own native land Ogbomosho.A civil which he superbly quelled with such finesse and efficiency.