₦airaland Forum

This drugs case is not a case of technicality where any compromise judge will have an option of interpretation, but it's a direct case. If BAT fail to defend himself after 16 days for the drugs case, the FH court will cancel his election victory announced by inec

This is why the FG should be ashamed of themselves if the drugs Lord BAT that is responsible for most of the drugs smuggled into Nigeria be allowed into ASO rock

Amazon has the legal right to allow Peter obi LP to get Inec data from their Amazon clowd because Inec refused to obey court order to allow Peter obi LP get access to the BVAS data

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In a petition filed Tuesday at the Presidential Election Petition Court (PEPC), Mr Obi told the court that the election of Tinubu was invalid by reason of corrupt practices or non-compliance with the provisions of the Electoral Act 2022 by INEC.
He stated that due to the manifest non-compliance by INEC with the Electoral Act and specific requirements of the Regulations for the conduct of the Presidential election, by the INEC failing, refusing, and neglecting to instantly transmit and upload the result of that election electronically to the iRev from the BVAS, INEC violated the integrity and safety measures entrenched for the conduct of the said election.
Fidelity Leaderboard
Obi further stated that due to INEC’s refusal and neglect to upload and transmit the result of the election in the polling units to the IReV as required by law on the day of the election, INEC suppressed the actual scores obtained by the Labour Party.
Peter Obi told the court that he has in his possession a Spread Sheet containing the Polling Units Codes and details of the aforesaid Eighteen Thousand and Eighty-Eight Polling Units, as well as the authentic results in the aforesaid Eighteen Thousand and Eighty­ Eight Polling Units.
He added that in Benue State, INEC “mischievously uploaded blurred Forms EC8A allegedly for Polling Units to suppress the lawful result of the election in the Polling Units. The Petitioners shall also at trial rely on a Forensic Report of the Presidential Election held in Polling Units in Benue State.”
In Rivers State during the collation exercise at the Federal level, INEC announced the scores of the Labour Party as 175,071 votes and the APC as having 231,591 votes. However, by the actual scores obtained at the polling units, Labour Party’s lawful votes in Rivers State are 205,110 votes, while APCs’ score ought to be 84,108 votes.
Obi further contend that if INEC had, as it was mandated to do, utilised the scores recorded on the Forms EC8A as against the fictitious Forms uploaded on the IReV, the Petitioners Obi would have won Rivers State.
Similarly, in Benne State, INEC whilst suppressing the lawful votes obtained by the Labour Party, announced that Labour Party scores from the polling units in Benue State is 308,372 votes. APC’s score was falsely announced as being 310,468 votes. However, the actual scores of Labour Party from the polling units in Benne State was 329,003 votes, while APC scores were 300,421 votes.
‘By the unlawful announcement made by INEC, they denied me being the winner of the election in Benue State’, Obi told the court. He told the court has obtained “forensic analysis of the election for Rivers State and Benue State made pursuant to the inspection of the election materials as ordered by the Court.”
Whilst purportedly acting under the cover of uploading the result of the Presidential Election held on 25th February 2023 on the iRev, INEC “embarked and are still embarking on massive misrepresentation and manipulation by uploading fictitious results in Polling Units where there were no elections as well as uploading incorrect results. The actual scores of the Petitioners have been reduced, tampered with, and falsely represented in the false election results uploaded in the iRev.”
Obi said he has Forensic Report of the election result showing his actual scores obtained from the Polling Units and from the result of the election pursuant to the Inspection of the election materials as ordered by the Court.
scores were 300,421 votes.
‘By the unlawful announcement made by INEC, they denied me being the winner of the election in Benue State’, Obi told the court. He told the court has obtained “forensic analysis of the election for Rivers State and Benue State made pursuant to the inspection of the election materials as ordered by the Court.”
Whilst purportedly acting under the cover of uploading the result of the Presidential Election held on 25th February 2023 on the iRev, INEC “embarked and are still embarking on massive misrepresentation and manipulation by uploading fictitious results in Polling Units where there were no elections as well as uploading incorrect results. The actual scores of the Petitioners have been reduced, tampered with, and falsely represented in the false election results uploaded in the iRev.”
Obi said he has Forensic Report of the election result showing his actual scores obtained from the Polling Units and from the result of the election pursuant to the Inspection of the election materials as ordered by the Court.
The scores obtained by the Labour Party were unlawfully reduced and added by INEC to the scores of the APC. Further, INEC deliberately uploaded blurred result which were in favour of the Labour Party on the iRev in a bid to conceal them.
Obi asked the court to deduct these unlawful scores added to the APC and for those scores which were legitimately obtained by the Labour Party to be credited to the Labour Partys’ scores. When the scores unlawfully added to the APC are deducted, the Labour Party will have the highest number of votes in the election, as shown in the Forensic Report.
“When the results of Polling Units, Wards, Local Governments, States are properly tabulated and calculated as required by the Electoral Act and the Regulations and Guidelines for election, the overall results of the election and the percentages scored by the Political Parties will show that the Labour Party won the Presidential election of 25 February 2023.”
“From the correct Polling Unit result transmitted electronically and supported by the accreditation on the BVAS, the Labour Party won the election”, according to the Inspection Reports as well as Forensic/Expert analysis pursuant to the orders of the Court.
Obi also claimed that votes cast in the Poling Units in Ekiti State, Oyo State, Ondo State, Taraba State, Osun State, Kano State, Rivers State, Borno State, Katsina State, Kwara State, Gombe State, Yobe State and Niger State exceeded the number of voters accredited on the BVAS in those states.
“The computation and declaration of the result of the election, based on the uploaded results, the votes recorded for the APC did not comply with the legitimate process for computation of the result and disfavoured the Petitioners in RIVERS, LAGOS, TARABA, BENUE, ADAMAWA, IMO, BAUCHI, BORNO, KADUNA, PLATEAU and OTHER STATES OF THE FEDERATION.
In declaring the result of the election, INEC violated its own Regulations when it announced the result of the elections despite the fact that at the time of the said announcement or declaration, the totality of the Polling Unit results was yet to be fully scanned, uploaded and transmitted electronically as required by the Electoral Act, Obi said.
“The results and details recorded in the Forms EC8A. ECSB. EC8C. ECSD and ECSE which formed the basis of the declared result were not the product of compliance with the provisions of the Electoral Act 2022 and INEC’s Regulations mandating the process of accreditation, voting, counting, recording of votes, and uploading to the INEC’s iRev Portal and the backend virtual server installed to ensure a uniform process.
Obi and the Labour Party further contend that when the purported scores recorded in the polling units where the above instances of over­ voting occurred are deducted from the alleged votes obtained by Bola Tinubu and on which INEC based the hurried declaration of Tinubu as the winner of the election, the margin of the purported lead between the APC and the Labour Party will be far less than the number of voters who ought to legitimately vote in those polling units.
Mr Obi stated that instances of over-voting in the conduct of the Presidential election held on 25th February 2023 occurred in more places than stated on the Form EC40G(iii), according to the Report of the BYAS Accreditation in the polling units.
The above instances of non-compliance substantially affected the outcome of the election, in that if these instances did not occur in the conduct of the Presidential election, the labour Party would have emerged the winners of the said election. Obi said.
Below are the Regulations for the conduct of the Presidential election which Obi claimed were violated by INEC
By the Regulations, voting was to be in accordance with the Continuous Accreditation and Voting System (CAVS) and no person was to be allowed to vote at any Polling Unit other than the one at which his or her name was disclosed on the Register of Voters. The intending voter was then to present the Permanent Voters Card (PVC) to INEC’s staff who was to verify. same using BVAS.
(i) Checking the Permanent Voter’s Card (PVC) of the voter;
(ii) Positive identification of the voter in the BVAS;
(iii) Authentication of the voter by matching his/her fingerprints or face (facial recognition) using the BVAS;
(iv) Positive identification of the voter in the Register of voters;
(v) Completion of Forms EC40H (1) – PWD Voter Information and Statistics; and
(vi) Applying indelible ink to the cuticle of the finger of the voter (where available).
By the said process of accreditation, the voter was to present himself to the Agent of the 1st Respondent who was to request the PVC of the voter. Where the voter had none, he was not to be allowed to vote; but if the voter had presented the said PVC, the Agent of the 1st Respondent was to proceed as follows:
(i) Call up the voter’s data on the BVAS by reading the bar code on the back of the PVC or reading the QR code against the name of the voter in the Register of Voters or entering the last six digits of the Voter Identification Number (VIN) of the voter into the BVAS or searching the BVAS with the surname of the voter;
(ii) On appearance of the voters’ data on the BVAS, the APO l was to ascertain that the photograph on the PVC was that of the voter and that the Polling Unit details correspond with those of the Polling Unit;
(jii) Request the voter to place his/her thumb or any other finger (where possible) in the place provided on the BVAS for authentication or, if this failed, match the face of the voter to the picture in the BYAS using the device’s facial recognition facility; and
(jv) If the fingerprint or face of the voter matched, request the voter to proceed to APO II.
After complying with the procedure above, the verified voter was to be further scrutinized before proceeding to the process of actual voting. Where the BVAS for the polling unit failed to identify the intending voter, that voter was not be allowed to vote.
(a) In order to ensure that voting did not proceed except as specifically prescribed with the use of the BVAS, in the event of any malfunctioning of the BVAS for a polling unit, the INEC Agent was to:
(i) Immediately inform the LGA and RA supervisors, the Supervisory Presiding Officer (SPO), the Electoral Officer (EO), and the Election monitoring and Support Centre (EMSC) for rcplacc111cnl:
(ii) Suspend Accreditation and Voting until a new BVAS was made:
(iii) file a report of the incident to the designated Official; and
(iv) Inform the voters and polling agents of the situation.
(b) Where a replacement BYAS was not available by 2:30pm, the Presiding Officer was to:
(i) Inform the LGA and RA Supervisors, SPO, EO, and EMSC of the situation.
(ii) File a report of the incident; and
(iii) Inform the voters and polling agents that accreditation and voting for the affected Polling Unit was to continue the following day.
(c) Where a BVAS was replaced in the middle of an election, the data of verified voters in the faulty BYAS was to be merged with data in the replacement B VAS for purposes of determining the number of verified voters.
After clue accreditation and casting of votes by the duly accredited voters, the Presiding Officer was to count the votes at the Polling Unit and enter the votes scored by each candidate in the Form prescribed by the 1st Respondent known as Form ECSA, which Form was then to be signed and stamped by the Presiding Officer and counter signed by the candidates or their Polling Agents where available at the Polling Unit.
The Presiding Officer was then to deliver copies of the result sheet to the party agents who desired to collect such copies as well as the Police Officer where available. Thereafter, the Polling Unit results for all the Polling Units within a Registration Area were to be delivered to the Registration Area Collation Officer who was to collate the results in the Form provided by the 1st Respondent. This process was to be repeated at all stages of collation, whereby the Ward Results were to be delivered to and collated by the Local Government Collation Officer, who was under duty to accelerate same to the final Constituency Collation Officer.
The Petitioners aver that, apart from the importance of the BYAS in the capture of accreditation at a polling unit in an election, the BV AS is also mandatorily to be used in the process of uploading the information or data imputed into it by the 1st Respondents’ Presiding Officer at each Polling Unit, who shall, upon completion of voting and due recording and announcement of the result:
(i) Electronically transmit or transfer the result of the Polling Unit directly to the collation system as prescribed by INEC;
(ii) Use the BVAS to upload a scanned copy of the Form ECSA to the INEC Result Viewing Portal (iRev), as prescribed by the I s1 Respondent; and
(iii) Take the BYAS and the original copy of each of the forms in tamper-evident envelope to the Registration Area/Ward Collation Officer, in the company of Security Agents. The Polling Agents may accompany the Presiding Officer to the Registration Area/Ward Collation Centre.
Amazon Server
Obi told the court that as part of the technological architecture for the conduct of the 2023 General Elections, including the Presidential election, INEC utilized virtual servers on Amazon Web Services (AWS) for the hosting/storage of INEC’s data, particularly results obtained and or generated from the 2023 General Elections, including the election results of the Presidential Election held on 25th February 2023 on the Amazon Cloud Platform. The Petitioners may subpoena the relevant staff or officer of Amazon to establish this, and related facts pleaded in this Petition.
The Amazon Cloud Platform is the world’s most comprehensive and broadly adopted platform which enables users such as large enterprises and government agencies like the 1si Respondent to effectively and in real time manage data, to lower costs, become more agile and effective. The Petitioners hereby plead relevant pages on the website of Amazon which can be accessed at https://aws.amazon.com.
The INEC data captured and or generated during the 2023 Presidential Election held on 25th February 2023, and stored on the AWS data warehouse using cloud computing technology is accessible.
In addition to the above, the result of the Presidential Election held on 25th February 2023 displayed/stored on INEC’s Result Viewing Portal (iRcv) ought to be the same in all material particulars with the result of the election stored in the Virtual Servers on the AWS or the Amazon Cloud Platform.
Transmission of Results
INEC created various levels of collation at the Registration Areas, Local Government Areas, State Constituencies and the Federal Constituency; and by that process, the results of any election, including the one hereby challenged, were only to be accepted for collation if the Collation Officer ascertained that the number of accredited voters corresponded with the number captured in the BVAS and where votes for the parties corresponded with the result electronically transmitted directly from the Polling Units.
In the case of a dispute, the results electronically transmitted or transferred directly from the lower levels and announced were to be used to determine the results at that level of the Collation process. Where no result was directly transmitted in respect of a Polling Unit or a level of collation, it would not be possible to resolve that dispute. In this case, the Labour Partys’ agents and agents of other political parties walked away in protest from the National Collation Centre when the Collation Officer blatantly refused to resolve their disputations of the results being collated as mandatorily stipulated by the Electoral Act, 2022. The Petitioners hereby plead a video clip of the incident as reported by some media houses.
Copies of the Forms EC8A scanned and uploaded through the BVAS to INEC’s Result Viewing Portal (iRev) as mandated by the INEC, were to exactly reflect all other results which originated from the Polling Units. Those which were instantaneously uploaded at the earliest moment ought to be the standard for assessing other results subsequently advanced by the 1st Respondent in the process of Collation leading to the final segment which was the declaration of the result of the election.

https://universalreportersng.com/how-inec-rigged-the-2023-presidential-election-for-tinubu-peter-obi/

Hard drugs can have negative effect on a person, as the person grow old. An example of the negative effect of hard drugs is that it will cause a person to say this that doesn't make sense in public and cause the person to be abusive.
The BAT of 1960-2014 is different from the BAT we see now who have been negatively affected by the use of hard drugs. For example in the year 2015 he imposed Buhari on Nigerian, in the year 2019 he removed a performing governor in Lagos, Ambode and replace him with a puppet SO, in 2022 he selected a controversial VP, and in 2023, he encourage a tribal war in Lagos.
The BAT we see now is a person who have lost his magic touch, funny enough there are urchins in nairaland like the agboros and tauters in some of the state in the SW who are coping BAT bad example of hard drugs

The outcome of the two elections in Lagos will discourage company and industry from coming into an environment like Lagos to create jobs for people, because of the problem of security, caused by BAT boys in the day of election. Lagos is Doom under Sanwo-olu, because this same BAT boys will cause security problem in his administration

The yorubas in kwara state are too connected to tinubu

Governor El-rufai is a trabalistic bigot who plays the politics of hate, deception, and propaganda on GEJ PDP from 2010 to 2015. To see governor El-rufai romancing with people like Buhari and BAT, ignoring the negatives on those two people, it shows how trabalistic El-rufai is. 60% of APC orchins are like a photo copies of the person of El-rufai.

The CBN money policy was not design to cause BAT to fail in the election, because from the look of things, Buhari, INEC and APC governors were all partisan working for BAT victory. The main reason for the money policy was to purnish the ACN faction in APC that voted for Buhari. The reason for this is because the CPC faction of APC now see Buhari as a failure, and they blame the ACN faction of APC, who impose Buhari on Nigeria and voting massively for Buhari in 2015 and 2019. Funny enough, for those who are hoping for the national assembly to do the needful by carrying out an impeachment proceeding on the CBN governor and Buhari, this is just wishful thinking, take for instance, it was BAT who controversialy supported the idea for a rubber stamp national assembly, so that the APC FG will be able to do what ever it want to do. The CBN governor is a smart guy who will run out of the country before May 29th. This mean that Nigerian may have to endure this present suffering until then. The CPC faction of APC may also purnish the ACN faction of APC in the NW "K" states by voting against APC for the coming governor election

If you look at one of my topic, you will see that I correctly used past election results in predicting the winner of the presidential election results in Nasarawa state. If I use the 2023 presidential election results and the national assembly election results in Nasarawa state to do my prediction, I think the winner of the governorship election in Nasarawa state will be LP or SDP

This election was massively rigged in the form of vote manipulation, which happens in every states in Nigeria, that is where BAT APC rigging machine over take OBJ rigging machine of 2007. That is why no longer believe any of the presidential election results any more. We need to be careful not to attack the people of Benue, Akwa Ibom and even Taraba, because those election results was manipulated

amliftedhigher:
Is it USA supreme Court or Nigerian supreme Court?

Those presenting their cases can decide which of the judges that they want

History is repeating itself for this election, which is that when ever a Yoruba Muslim presidential candidate from the SW go for a Muslim Muslim ticket, the court of law will cancel the victory of that candidate. Peter obi is not new in court battle, example is the court battle he won in anambra state. Even if they will be a run off, based on the expected results from the remaining states, it'll still be decided in the supreme Court

I can identify 3 states in the SS where some controversial opinion polls get it wrong, which are Edo, Delta and cross river state. Those polls have said that Peter obi will loss narrowly in those states, but then the reality show that Peter obi is going to win massively on those 3 states. For now I don't know about Akwa Ibom state and Bayelsa state

The fuel scarcity in Nigeria has nothing to do with buhari intentionally doing it for the 2023 presidential election, but has a connection with the land border closure and the ban of some goods from being imported into Nigeria. One of those goods is petroleum products. If petroleum company can not import petroleum products to balance the demand and supply, when they don't have a functional refinery, that will result to fuel scarcity in Nigeria. BAT has said that he will continue from where buhari stop, he confirmed this when he had a town hall meeting in Niger state, saying that he will ban more goods from being imported into Nigeria

I think president buhari should stand his ground on the CBN naira policy, because it will help in producing one of the best credible presidential election so far. Before now politicians have gathered large amount of money to buy as much votes as possible in the strong hold of their opponents. Buhari can compromise after 25th of February

At first I didn't believe the PDP opinion polls because of the funny results that came from the south, but when I came to understand the methodology by which PDP conducted the polls, I discovered that they were credible. PDP conducted their opinion polls in the deeper part of the rural areas, which is also known as the core part of the rural areas.
They are two parts of the rural areas, which are: (1) the rural areas which are closer to the urban areas. (2) the rural areas which are longer distance from the urban areas, or the core rural areas
In PDP opinion polls in the SS, Peter obi loss narrowly to Atiku, that is to show that Peter obi has a presence in that part of the rural areas. Peter obi took advantage of that when he went to see the people that were affected by flooding.
Nextier opinion polls are credible because it was conducted in the part of the rural areas that are closer to the urban areas. Opinion polls done on the rural areas that is near to the urban areas can give you different results depending on the place the opinion polls are conducted

I have come to discover that those people who plays the politics of trabalism, politics of party affiliation and to vote based on party, it will make them to look like foolish set of people.
I see Peter obi and kwankwaso to represent New Nigeria, while I consider Atiku and BAT to represent old Nigeria as both of them equally have their good side and bad sides. But I recently changed my mind about one of them, when I saw two controversial headlines of:
(1) Mr shettima urged the northern voters to regect Atiku because he fought against the Islamic legal system in the north
(2) Peter obi will halt the enactment of the Sharia rule across Nigeria, shettima warns north
BAT VP has caused BAT to be the worse presidential candidate for the 2023 presidential election. Funny enough those yorubas Muslim who want to vote for BAT, in their ignorance, they may not know if BAT APC have a hidden agenda of extending the Sharia law enforcement in the SW

It'll take a miracle for Atiku and BAT to get up to 5% of vote in Delta State and Edo state, the best the best they can get there is 0.5% of votes. Peter obi will win every polling unit in Delta State and Edo state with a wide margin

garfield1:
Apc is busy campaigning ward to ward in all nooks and crannies of ss and someone will claim that lp that is only in the cities will clear ss.nonsense

In your ignorance you don't even know that those who have conducted opinion polls in the SS, they did that both in the urban areas and the rural areas of the SS.
How was rochas okorocha able to use APGA to win governorship election in IMO state, where his party didn't had any structure there in 2007?
How was Adams oshiomole able to use ACN to win the governorship election in Edo state where the party had no structure there in 2007?
God did not created we humans as robot, but created us as people who can think and reason. Ribadu ACN of 2011 was not even able to get up to 25% of votes in Edo state

As for me from the video I watched, the turn out was impressive, Peter obi used a smaller venue for security reasons, where his crowd of supporters follow him there, he may win in Ogun state

They are people who are underrating the chances of Peter obi in the NW and NE, because of how he has perform in the NW and NE opinion polls, but then we also need to understand that the % of people who decided not to participate in some of those opinion polls is higher than those who decided to participate in them, which is to show that Peter obi in reality may perform better than those opinion polls. GEJ for example perform poorly against buhari in the opinion polls conducted in some of the states in the north, but GEJ silent supporters who don't make too much of noise in the social media give him the needed 25% of votes in the day of election. The same thing could happen for Peter obi, where his silent supporters may come out to give him 25% of votes or even higher % of votes there. I just noticed that Peter obi is the first Igbo presidential candidate that has been well received by the hausa and Fulani in the north. Below are some of the comments in nairaland when GEJ went to campaign in the north

I've noticed that they are desperate politicians who are trying to use the rural area of a state to get as many votes as possible, thinking that people in those rural areas don't know about the presidential candidate of other party. As for me they are just deceiving themselves because Nigerian in most of the rural areas in the different states already know the top 4 presidential candidates

The LP members in the NW and the NE have been successful in matching PDP and APC in campaigning for Peter obi both in the urban and rural areas there. That is the reason why you have seen massive crowd in Peter obi campaign in the NW and the NE. As it stands now, Peter obi is likely to win some states in the NW and NE and get 25% of votes in the remaining states

Felimax:
That is the ideology and dynamism a whole lot of you don't understand and it weeps me to see how difficult it is for you guys to see it.

Like ordinary common sense will tell. The crowd you see in most of the rallies and colours are as a result of the level of structure in those places. The people you see are of different groups within the party that represents different candidate vying for different offices state wide.

Funny enough if you think the structure of a party is very important in winning in a state, then Atiku PDP should forgot about the 2023 presidential election, because BAT APC has better structure than PDP in most of the states in Nigeria.
Have you asked yourself this question, why PDP is divided in Delta State?
It's because the governorship candidate of APC is better than the governorship candidate of PDP.
I'm not from Delta State, but from the comments I have read here, I think Peter obi has massive supporters in Delta State. Opinion polls both offline and online poll that has been conducted in Delta State can confirm this, I'll agree with Peter obi when he considers party structure to be structure of criminality

She stands a good chance to win

sapele914:
No presence of Peter Obi in Delta or Edo State, only social media rhetoric noise making, all them States are fully pdp controlled zombie states.

The admin of nairaland almost ban me because of this post. The way the people of those 2 state will vote in the presidential election, it'll be different from the way they will vote in the governorship election. Party structure will not matter that much, that is why the top 4 presidential candidate are going to win in states that are not control by their party

PDP, APC and NNPP pumutation and projections on Peter obi chances in the SS is based on a conspiracy theory that the way a person from the SE think is different from the way a person from the SS thinks, but the reality on ground is that the SS is more united in voting for Peter obi than the SE. Peter obi may not get block vote in some of the state in the SE. It'll be easier for Atiku and BAT to get 25% of votes in 2 or 3 states in the SE, than for Atiku and BAT to get 25% of votes in any of the state in the SS. When you look at states like Abia, Ebonyi and Imo, you will understand my point. Peter obi will win every state in the SS with a wide margin

Antihypocrite:
Seun come and say the truth. How much did you receive to put this on front page.

I remember how u came on twitter crying that politicians were threatening to destroy nairaland if you didn't comply with them.


I'm sure this is the fruit.

As for me I think if Atiku win in any state in the SS, that will be one of the biggest upset in Nigeria election history, because when you come to think of this, the social media movement for the 3rd force started in the SS, and in some part of the SW like Lagos, Ogun and Oyo state

What I understand here is that they did not conducted a direct opinion polls were they asked questions on which president you want to vote for, but ask different questions and compare it with others

BAT presidency will be like a buhari 3rd term presidency. For Atiku presidency I don't expect the problem of security to be solved because of his soft landing to the bandits and the Fulani herds men. We can expect looting and money laundering in both Atiku and BAT presidency.

Is this not the same north where million of people have already sold their PVC to desperate politicians, this is to show that the 2023 presidential election may have a low voters turn out, security challenge will also be a factor of that