Women should try and understand how men think and act, some men will chase you about for over 10yrs!!!!!! Hoping that after a while you will cave in. Some take rejection as an afront, they will only back track when they even the score by messing you up. I bet you that's what will happen here if you bite the bait.

Catholic separation - Temporary parting of married couple to allow for intervention, prayers, negotiations and possible reunion
Catholic nullification - A special panel made up of renowned priests and lay people determines that a marriage was never consummated or was contracted in deceit . Consummation simply means taking your wife or husband to bed after marriage (this must happen for a Catholic marriage to be valid unless both parties agree not to). so a marriage can be nullified when you are unable to consummate a marriage and one of you comes to report, a marriage can also be nullified on grounds of deceit if you discover that one party is already married to someone else and hid the info. these are all clearly different from divorce.

I can't afford to raise a child right now. You can't afford to raise a child but you can afford to kill the child? what of if this is the only child you'll make in your lifetime?? consider your ways bro, 21yrs is old enough to stand up

This issue has been solved long ago. The Catholic Church (the mother church) after receiving such a petition in the Marriage Tribunal, will request the presence of both parties to establish that one of them has abandoned the marriage, then they'll try to reconcile them, if all entreaties fail, the marriage will be annulled on the grounds if abandonment. The abandoned party can go ahead and remarry. In the Catholic church there's only two reasons for remarriage, death and annulment.

my dear, severe problems are solved with severe measures!!! if you are ready, start by going of the internet completely, keep your smart phone aside and stay off the wed for six months !!! something in your head now will be telling you that it's not possible but it is!!! i can bet you that within six months you will pay off all your debts !!!! but most importantly, pay serious attention to your relationship with God !!!!!

my bro you can get out of this mess if you are determined. first cut off all occasions for this ugly act i.e.
remove all porn materials in your phone,
avoid porn sites,
withdraw from whatsapp groups (and other social media groups) that share porn
discontinue the use of alcoholic beverages (sounds tough but it's obviously a trigger)
start your marriage processes
most importantly - join a Christian fellowship where you can share your challenges with more matured Christians for guidance

They tore the nets in Wembley!!!!!! Why won't English fans attack them??

Hello, Register with this Link let's profit together on ABiT Network https://abitrader.com/register?referrer=enegbaniy@gmail.com

I don't know what to say!! This Nigerian Crypto trader Abi Trader has shut down with my almost 1million Naira !!!!!! Ohhhh God these people will not sleep until they return people's money!!!!!!!!

Other view

Another view

Bridge over 95 percent complete

https://thenationonlineng.net/udeogu-kalu-case-major-setback-for-justice-administration/


Chairman, Presidential Advisory Committee Against Corruption (PACAC), Prof Itse Sagay (SAN) writes that the Supreme Court did not consider the justice of the case in its judgment on the appeal by Ude Jones Udeogu. The highest court ordered the appellant’s retrial.



The Supreme Court, the Apex Court, the last bus stop, is supposed to establish a profound code of conduct for social behaviour and interaction between man and man, man and society and man and government itself. Its judgments are expected to be the embodiment of the highest values in the nation’s social and political culture. Its duty is to raise the standards of our collective conduct to a high level of civilization and social responsibility and discipline. Above all, based on its duty to promote an enhanced level of social conduct, responsibility and a sense of right and wrong, in the polity, it has a duty to do justice in all cases. The Court must always ask itself this paramount and overriding question when any matter is brought before it for adjudication; namely: “Where is the justice in this case?” Justice must always prevail over technicality. This has been a long principle of the Supreme court until the very recent years.



The paramountcy of justice over technical law was emphasised as recently as 2007 by the Supreme Court in Amaechi vs. INEC [2008] 10 WRN 1] where Oguntade, JSC, adopted this timeless passage in the judgment of the late, great Kayode Eso in Engineering Enterprise Contractor of Nigeria vs. Attorney-General of Kaduna State, ([1978] 1 N.S.C.C. 601 at 613):

One stream that permeates all these decisions and I hold the view that this is a good sign for the administration of justice in this country, is the clear, unadulterated water filled with great concern for the justice of the case. The signs are now clear that the time has arrived that the concern for justice must be the overriding force and actions of the court. I am not saying that ex debito justiciae by itself is a cause of action. It is to be the basis for the operation of the court, whether in the interpretative jurisdiction or basic attitude towards the examination of a case.

The sum total of the recent decisions of this court is that the court must move away from the era when adjudicatory power of the court was hindered by a constraining adherence to technicalities. This often results in the loser in a civil case taking home all the laurels while the supposed winner goes home in a worse situation than he approached the court.

Still on the issue of the court’s new guiding philosophy, Oguntade, JSC further declared that the Supreme Court and indeed all courts in Nigeria had a duty which flowed from a power granted by the Nigerian Constitution to ensure that citizens of Nigeria, high and low, get the justice which their case deserves. He continued thus:

This court and indeed all courts in Nigeria have a duty which flows from a power granted by the Constitution of Nigeria to ensure citizens of Nigeria get the justice which their case deserves. The powers of the court are derived from the constitution not at the sufferance or generosity of any other arm of the Government of Nigeria. [2008] 10 WRN 1 at 114 – 5.



The case of Udeogu & Others vs. The Federal Republic of Nigeria (SC 662C/2019), commenced in 2007 and was not finally concluded until 2019 – 12 years later. The Supreme Court reversed the conviction of the High Court arrived at, after all of 12 years, on the ground that the trial Judge had no jurisdiction? The substance of the judgment and its correctness was not queried or questioned. The Court simply brought out an obscure technicality to upset 12 years of solid, painstaking work towards eradicating corruption from our public life. And what was the Court’s justification? That the trial Judge was disqualified from trying the case after his promotion to the Court of Appeal. He was, said the Supreme Court, no longer a judge of the High Court after his promotion. He should not have gone on to conclude the 99 per cent concluded case, because of his promotion.

However, the promotion of a High Court Judge towards the tail end of a criminal/corruption case had in the past resulted in starting a case de novo (afresh) before a new judge, and the whole process of taking the witnesses, tendering exhibits, etc, repeated again – all making the case drag on forever, creating prosecution fatigue, and resulting in an untidy status of “not guilty, not acquitted” for the accused, clearly an unknown status in criminal justice. The case of a well-known banker has been crawling from judge to judge since 2009 because of these judicial promotions resulting in an endless snake and ladder effect. The case climbs up the ladder to within an inch of the end and is dragged down by the snake to commence afresh before another Judge.

Fortunately, the Seventh National Assembly appreciated this destructive blight on our Criminal Justice System and in 2015, passed a Law deliberately targeted at eliminating it from the System. By subsection 396(7) of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015:

(7) Notwithstanding the provision of any other law to the contrary, a Judge of the High Court who has been elevated to the Court of Appeal shall have dispensation to continue to sit as a High Court Judge only for the purpose of concluding any part-heard criminal matter pending before him at the time of his elevation and shall conclude the same within a reasonable time: Provided that this subsection shall not prevent him from assuming duty as a Justice of the Court of Appeal.

Based on that subsection, High Court judges who were promoted to the Court of Appeal have been returning to the High Court to conclude their criminal cases since 2015. It has provided a great relief and bounce to our criminal justice system, giving it credibility and creating a deterrence on public officers who are inclined to loot our common patrimony and thereby sentencing millions of Nigerians to misery and poverty.

On Friday 8th May 2020, the Supreme Court put an end to all that by holding that this major relief provided by the National Assembly against the stranglehold of public corruption was a nullity, because it was inconsistent with Section 253 and some other provisions of the Constitution and some existing laws. And what does Section 253 say?

The Federal High Court shall be duly constituted if it consists of at least one judge of that court.

There is absolutely no reference in the Constitution to the position of a promoted judge going back to the High Court to complete a 90 per cent heard corruption case in order to enable litigation to come to an end. The provision in S. 253 is simply intended to establish that unlike the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court, a High Court can be constituted by a single judge. No more no less.

How can the highest court of the land, spring out a technicality to inflict such a terrible wound on our criminal justice system? Should the Supreme Court not be using all its knowledge, power and authority to ensure that looters of public funds be brought to justice? Should the Supreme Court not use all its intellectual resources to promote transparency, accountability, integrity in public life and punishment for crimes against the people? What message was the court sending out to the Nigerian public and the world by employing a technicality to save those convicted of financial crimes against the nation and people of Nigeria?

This decision is contrary to the mission of the Supreme Court in Nigeria as defined earlier. It has clearly led to injustice.

It flies in the face of what the Court stands for and is in direct conflict with the position of the great Justices of this very Supreme Court in an era now nostalgically referred to as the “Golden Age” of the Supreme Court.

The following passage from the judgment of Eso, JSC, in The State vs. Gwonto (1983) 1 SCNLR. 142 at 160, lucidly conveys the kernel of the principle.

The court has for some time now laid down as guiding principle that it is more interested in substance than in mere form. Justice can only be done if the substance of the matter is examined. Reliance on technicalities leads to injustice.

And in the earlier case of Chinwendu v. Mbamali, (1980) 3-4 SC 31, the same learned Justice declared:

Care must be taken always, not to sacrifice justice on the alter of technicalities. The time is no more, when disputes are dealt with rather on technicalities and not on merit.

This general theme of placing justice above technicalities was noticeable in the practice of the Supreme Court right from the early days of the 1979 Constitution. Thus, in Okeowo v. Migliore, (1979) 11 SC 138, Aniagolu, J.S.C. declared:

The laws of our land enjoin us that while respecting procedural regularity, we must do substantial justice, with power to make amendments which we deem fit or not to make as the occasions demands.

The Supreme Court we knew, had always been determined to provide a remedy based solely on the justice of the case. In Bello v. A-G of Oyo State, [1986] 5 NWLR (Pt. 45) 828, a man was sentenced to death by the High Court of Oyo State for Armed Robbery. Whilst his appeal to the Court of Appeal was still pending, he was executed by the Oyo State Government. Brazenly, Oyo State admitted executing the prisoner, but argued that under the laws of Oyo State, the relations of the executed man had no remedy. The response of the Supreme Court was befitting of its status in the society and polity. It held as follows:

It was contended that invoking the general principle ubi ius ibi remedium is a clear demonstration that appellants have left the Court at large to devise a remedy. I have already stated that the writ of summons and the statement of claim sufficiently disclose that the claim can be founded under the Torts Law. Even if this is not the case, I think the Court has attained a stature in the pursuit of justice that a claimant who has established a recognised injury cannot be turned back on the ground that he has not stated the head of law under which he was seeking a remedy. (at p. 876)

In Josiah v. The State, [1985] 1 NWLR (Pt. 1) 125, decided in 1985, the Supreme Court made it clear that in a criminal trial, justice consists of a “three-way traffic.”

According to Oputa, JSC:

In deciding whether to allow the appeal and acquit and discharge an appellant, the court must consider the surrounding circumstances in the interest of justice. Any order allowing this appeal and also acquitting and discharging the appellant will not be an order made in the interest of justice. And justice is not a one-way traffic. It is not justice for the appellant only. Justice is not even only a two-way traffic. It is really a three-way traffic – justice for the appellant accused of a heinous crime of murder; justice for the victim, the murdered man, the deceased, “whose blood is crying to heaven for vengeance” and finally JUSTICE FOR THE SOCIETY AT LARGE – THE SOCIETY WHOSE SOCIAL NORMS AND VALUES HAD BEEN DESECRATED AND BROKEN BY THE CRIMINAL ACT COMPLAINED OF. It is certainly in the interest of justice that the truth of this case should be known and that if the appellant is properly tried and found guilty, that he should be punished. That Justice which seeks only to protect the appellant will not be even handed justice. It will not even be justice tempered with mercy. (At pp. 141 -1) (Emphasis mine).

Can it be justifiably asserted that justice was done in this Udeogu case? Was justice done to the Nigerian society whose social norms and values have been desecrated and broken by the criminal act complained of; whose patrimony has been looted to the detriment of the welfare of the public? The answer is a big NO! (Please note, the merits of the guilty conviction were not contested or questioned).

At the high level of the Supreme Court, against whose judgments there can be no appeal, it is mandatory that the Justices must consider the consequences and impact of their judgments, in order to avoid public injury, and sending the wrong message to potential violators of critical social norms. It is alright for a lawyer fresh from the Law School or a young newly appointed judge to indulge in 2 + 2 equals 4 type of judgment. As he gains experience and progresses up the ladder of authority, he must add the norms and values of society to his judgments. At that level, a judgment must be based on justice, merit, not on technicalities.

All the legal justifications adduced for this shocking decision hold no water. Section 238(2) of the Constitution which deals with the powers of the President to appoint a Judge of the Court of Appeal is irrelevant to this case. Nothing in the case at the High Court level contradicted that authority.

The same applies to Section 250(1) of the Constitution dealing with the appointment of the Chief Judge of the Federal High Court. Section 290 deals with the declaration of assets by Judicial Officers. How does that apply to a newly promoted Court of Appeal judge going to the High Court to complete a case 90 per cent completed, in order to spare the public the pain of another 12 years of judicial rigmarole over its grossly violated norms and values?

Section 396(7) of ACJA was intended by the National Assembly to eliminate a major obstacle to the administration of criminal justice in Nigeria. Should the Supreme Court be seen to be hostile to such a major salutary progress in our legal system? Should the Highest Court be an obstacle to a smooth and effective operation of our legal System?

Also many passages of the judgment were devoted to various sections of the Federal High Court Act, 1915, which Sub-section 386(7) of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, was supposed to have breached. But since the National Assembly is empowered to enact laws (Acts), they have the power to override any earlier Act made by them. The Federal High Court Act is an ordinary Act that can be made and unmade by the National Assembly. So, the purported breach of the Federal High Court Act is of no consequence. The maker of a law can alter or even revoke it. The later law prevails over the former, including contrary judgments of all courts.

Section 396(7) of the ACJA did not breach any section of the Constitution because there is no section of the Constitution prohibiting a newly promoted judge from completing a case he has almost completed at the High Court. Such learning exhibited by the court should have been directed towards the opposite end.

Deliberately or unconsciously, the Supreme Court has now thrown this Country into an Ariori v. Elemo ([1983] 1 SCNLR 1 at 15) situation in which a case lasted for 26 years in the High Court without being resolved. It is clear from this decision that the possibility of ending the Udeogu (Orji Uzor Kalu) case is effectively zero. It is effectively over.

Public officers with corrupt tendencies will feel encouraged and will develop a sense of impunity. Our criminal justice system may have been fatally wounded.

As I have already stated, a court at the high level of the Supreme Court has a duty to consider the consequences of its judgments before delivering them.

In 2015, the Supreme Court decided in Peterside & Ors. v. INEC & Ors. (S.C. 1002/2015) to discard the accurate record of the smart card reader which showed that only 293,072 people voted in the Rivers State governorship election and preferred the unreliable, corruptible voters register which recorded over a million votes.

In 2019, the Court cancelled the victory of the APC at governorship and House of Assembly levels in Zamfara State and handed over victory to the PDP which lost hopelessly to the APC at the polls.

This year, the same feat was repeated for Bayelsa State where the Supreme Court nullified the overwhelming victory of the governorship candidate of the APC and handed over the governorship to the defeated PDP candidate, on the flimsy ground that the deputy governorship candidate of the APC had several identities.

Thus, as a result of the Supreme Court’s judgment, Zamfara and Bayelsa states are currently being ruled by a party that was massively rejected by the people of those states at the polls. And now we are lumped with this Udeogu (Kalu) matter.

One common thread running through all these cases is failure to consider outcome and the justice of the case and total reliance on pure technicalities, to drown the justice of the case. This has created dark clouds over the fate and future of our judicial system in Nigeria.

Nigerians must reflect deeply about this appalling threat to its justice system. Judgments at the level of the Supreme Court must not be whimsical. They must be predictable by the application of the simple test: “where does the justice of the case lie in this matter”?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae_YFMpWSEA&feature=youtu.be


Pressure is ramping up on Nigeria's supreme court over Imo governorship ruling

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae_YFMpWSEA&feature=youtu.be

Pressure is ramping up on Nigeria's supreme court over Imo governorship ruling

By Comfort Obi

Let me start by asking for a favour that would send a message to all arrogant, political emperors.

Irrespective of party or religious affiliation, the people of Kogi State owe Nigeria a duty. They owe democracy a duty. And it is a sacred duty. Please, throw Yahaya Bello, your Governor, out of office. Deny him a second term in office.

In the history of our wobbling democracy, only a few Governors have been denied a second term in office, either by the people or, their political parties. On this November 16, the day of the Kogi State Governorship election, Yahaya Bello should join this exclusive club of “One Termers”.

I don’t know where Bello was when Nigerians were fighting for democracy. I don’t know where he was when many of them trooped to the streets to fight for democracy. I don’t know where he was when many were forced into exile. I don’t know where he was when many were herded into jail on trumped-up charges. I don’t know where he was when many lost their lives – all for the sake of democracy. I mean, I never heard his name, not even as a foot soldier. But, this, I know: Bello is destroying everything that was fought for. And he is doing so in a brazen manner.

For me, here is the irony. When Bello was drafted to reap where he did not sow, I knew it was untidy. I had no doubt in my mind that the process which produced him stank to high heaven. There was no capable shadow of doubt that when Abubakar Audu, the APC candidate, who had already won the election, suddenly died before the result was announced, his running mate, Hon. James Faleke, ought to have stepped into his shoes. But, in politics, especially here, nothing is straight. It has to be crooked at some point. So, Bello, inexplicably, stepped in.

Yet, I didn’t quite condemn him, publicly.

Here is why.

I am a fan of not-too-young to run. So, I looked at Bello. Young. Good looking. Energetic. Full of life. Cosmopolitan. And, I said to myself: Why not? Let him be the face of the youths. But my disappointment came too soon. It is, really, not my business, but I was taken aback when I heard he had about three wives, or more. And, I was like: What time will he have for the state?

Then, stories began to hit like claps of thunder. There was so much work to do, but Bello was always out of Lokoja. Abuja became his main base. And he was like a visitor in the State. He declared President Muhammadu Buhari his father. No problem.Given the Nigerian way, The President is the father of us all. But Bello feels he has more claim over the President than even Governor Nasir El-Rufai of Kaduna state. He, always, was by his father’s side, and had little or no time for Kogi. Lokoja remained what it was since my primary school. Confluence town. The meeting point of two great rivers. But no development.

Yahaya Bello
Yahaya Bello, Kogi State Governor.
Bello left the state infrastructure-deficit. The people complained no end. Nothing is working. But Bello is a success in one department. He succeeded in becoming an all-conquering Emperor, intolerant of any opposition, or criticism. He crushed the opposition. A number of his loyalist jumped ship. And told the world: “the state is gasping for breath”. Contracts claimed to have been done were fictitious, they claimed, just on paper.

At a point, Bello descended on the Judiciary. The Chief Judge, Hon. Justice Nasir Ajanah, became his target. His Lordship, forgetting Bello’s status as an Emperor, tried to exhibit some kind of independence. Bello took an exception to that. He decided to throw Ajanah out. He succeeded, almost, but His Lordship was saved by the NJC.

Now, Yahaya Bello has descended on Nigeria’s Constitution. And has just rubbished it. He has, in defiance of the Constitution, thrown his Deputy, Simon Achuba, out of office. In connivance with a lilly-livered House of Assembly, he impeached Achuba. In his place, he swore-in Edward Onoja. And, shamelessly, Onoja’s first pronouncement was to “thank God for Achuba’s mistakes” which paved the way for him to become the new Deputy.

Achuba had a running battle with his boss, Bello. The House of Assembly served him an impeachment notice. The Chief Judge, Ajanah, set up an investigative panel to look into the many allegations levelled against Achuba. It was headed by John Baiyeshea, SAN.

The panel sat fully and, courageously, gave Achuba a clean bill of health. The Assembly, the Panel said, could neither prove its case, nor present documents. There were no witnesses. Four charges were not substantiated. Two pleadings were abandoned. Achuba was discharged and acquitted. Still, the House impeached him, and cleared Bello’s nominee, Onoja. Inexplicably, Chief Judge Ajanah swore Onoja in. Friends, now?

But, here’s what Section 188 ( of Nigeria’s Constitution says:

“Where the Panel reports to the House of Assembly that the allegation has not been proved, no further proceedings should be taken in respect of the matter”.

For the records, I am not in support of Achuba. I am not a lawyer. But, I’m still wondering why Achuba was not found guilty by the panel. Perhaps, because, the House took things for granted, and did not care to defend its case. They knew the Emperor-governor would bully his way through. Otherwise, to me, Achuba is as guilty as hell.

I listened to him each time he was interviewed on Television. I read him in the print media. I think he suffers from a diarrhea of the mouth. He over-spoke, and also mis-spoke. He held nothing back. He accused his boss of incompetence. He said his boss had no capacity for the job. He said the state was at a standstill. He talked about contracts, allegedly, given, money paid, but not done. Meaning: Fictitious contracts. He talked about salaries and allowances owed him. He talked about killings and violence in the State. And, at one point, almost, pointed accusing fingers at the governor over such killings.

Everybody knows that Deputy Governors in Nigeria are anonymous. They are decorations. They are only as powerful as their governors make them. The Governors’ Chiefs of Staff and Secretaries to the Government are more relevant to them than their Deputies. Indeed, in some states, some Commissioners are more relevant than the Deputies.

So, if you are a Deputy, and you don’t like the situation, you should quit. I don’t know how Achuba expected to still be working with Bello after running his mouth ever so often. He was no longer loyal. A ship has only one Captain. Not two. You cannot remain in office, and fight your boss.

Achuba should have quit on his own. In Bello’s shoes, I wouldn’t keep him. I would have booted him out. But legally.

Bello is under attack because he brazenly breached the Constitution. Once the Panel did not find Achuba guilty, he should have been left alone, and be treated like the outcast he reduced himself to. Don’t invite him to meetings. Don’t consult him on anything. Pay him his entitlements but, reduce him to reading newspapers in the office.

Bello had endured Achuba for almost four years. To respect the Constitution, it wouldn’t have killed him to endure Achuba a couple of months more. The election is on November 16. In February, the winner will be sworn-in. Whether Bello wins or not, Achuba wouldn’t be there. So, why slap the Constitution with impunity?

It is for this impunity that Bello should be shown the way out of office. If he wins, he would do worse than what he has been doing. He will become an Emperor of the worst order. He could wake up one day and sack the State Assembly. No jokes. Did he not try to sack Chief Judge Ajanah illegally? And that’s where His Lordship has surprised me.

This same Chief Judge set up a Panel to investigate the allegations against Achuba. The Panel he set up turned in a-no guilty verdict. Yet, Justice Ajanah swore-in Onoja. Has anybody written a petition against him yet? I hope so. The NJC should take note. And so should the Police Authorities.

Achuba says the Police in Kogi treated him like a common criminal. He alleged he was kept under house arrest, and his water and power supply cut-off, while the Police supervised. Nobody could gk out or leave his official quaters. When he put on his power generating set, it was also cut off. Under whose order? IGP Adamu should ask questions.

Bello, the Chief Judge, and members of the House of Assembly all swore to protect the Constitution.

Yet, they thought nothing of desecrating it. The Police should help keep the law. Not help to break it.

Those who should shudder choose to remain dumb. Only the NBA, some SANs and well, the PDP are talking. What is President Buhari’s stand on this? Or, is it a family affair? I think not. It is a slap on the Constitution.

Achuba has gone to court. It may be of no use. The case could take the next five years. Nobody cares.

He should ask Sir Jude Agbaso. He was illegally impeached as the Deputy Governor of Imo State within two years in office, under then Governor Rochas Okorocha. Unlike Achuba, Agbaso was loyal. He never ran his mouth. Just a victim of power-play. So, he went to court. It’s been six years, and the case is still in court. It’s frustrating.

In the instant case, only Kogites can rise in anger. They owe that to democracy. The state is theirs. They should vote out impunity and arrogance.

On November 16, they should send Yahaya Bello home. He deserves it.

Obi is the Editor-in-Chief/CEO of The Source (Magazine), https://thesourceng.com. Email: comfortobisource@gmail.com, comfort@thesourceng.com

1)
she works and you work but she wants you to pay all her bills? pls note that a lot of women are like that, if you know that you cannot cope with this attitude, now is the time to look before you leap !!! also note that SHE WILL NOT CHANGE LATER IN MARRIAGE !!! decide now weather you can live with it or not
2)
No sex before marriage, very good morals, very commendable !!! but kindly investigate your intended spouse's sexual orientation properly as she's already talking about being accused of lesbianism, reason being that many gay/lesbians marry or enter into heterosexual relationships because they want a baby, some also marry because they want to appear normal to avoid stigma in this part of the world. so after marriage, some walk away after childbirth, some retain their old relationships by the side !! so again LOOK BEFORE YOU LEAP !!!!!