I need these books listed below. Can anyone
give me the link where i can download it free
of cost? Any help will be appreciated...

1.The Parable of the Pipeline-By Burke
Hedges
2.Every Street is paved with Gold-King woo
Choon
3.Wise and Otherwise-SudhaMurthy
4.Dollar Bahu-Sudha Murthy
5.You can Win-Shiv Khera
6.Management Thoiughts-Pramod Batra
&Vinod Batra
7.Management Ideas in Action-Pramod Batra
and Deepak Mahendru

genny2kuk:

It depends. If you already have a domain, you just need to point it to my nameservers. The hosting packages are Wordpress managed hosting - I set up a hosting account, with cPanel, and install Wordpress for you.

If you want full installation, we instal the Wordpress and necessary plugins required for the particular kind of site you want. All hosting plans come with free domain registration. Option of SSL also available.

Ok thanks

olulove: There is this lady that came to my desk to complain about ATM dispense
me: how may i help you?
lady: your ATM machine just debited #2000
me: kindly pick a form from that trolley. pointed

lady: pls will i get the alert on my fone?

at this juncture i no say na number she want make i collect...as a sharp young bank(bad) guy
i just give her card...see happiness for her eyes and a louder THANK YOU!...unfortunately i left my phone at home that day when i reach hus see miss calls...called her later that day and the rest is YOLO!!!!!!!!

Finish the tory nah, wetin come happen

No comment?

I decided to create this topic when i read a thread on frontpage where a guy shared his bitter experience of how fraudsters parading themselves as legitimate
samaritan robbed him of his 113k along benin road.

This could have been averted if he was well informed of peoples experience

Many people are aware of the tricks they use while
some are not, and by this, there will be need for us
to share any of their tricks we are aware of so
Nairalanders who still don't know about them can
learn.

we should start exposing this tricks to prevent them from further scamming inexperienced people.

Please, share your experience if you have
encountered any of them before.It's time we stop
them.

jethro2: Lets create jobs. Be creative

Very inspirational thread.
I would like to go into tomato farming in the east and i would love you to give me information.

Why is it that virtually all tomatos in the market are from the north, does it mean that the lands in the east are not fertile for tomatoe farming

genny2kuk:

Interswitch requires 150k for setup, charges about 1.5% per transaction, payments received with interswitch is credited directly into your account. It's being around for quite a while, with support from many Nigerian banks, so people naturally go for it cause they're more assured of the stability of the payment system.

Voguepay requires 1k to setup business account, chargers per transaction is 2%, and payments received with Voguepay gets paid into your Voguepay account and you have to make withdrawals in order to access it. Though voguepay seems to be doing fine, it is still relatively unknown so people will tend to have mixed feelings paying on the platform.

That said, Voguepay is a very good choice when starting out. They offer lots of support for web developers. They have plugin for wordpress, module for drupal, and other CMS.

For hosting, I like namecheap and godaddy. However to make sites set up easier for wordpress installation, I have a hosting platform in the works that should be out before this month runs out.

Please also note that you need secure connection on your site if you want to receive payment online.

Thanks for the response

pls throw more light on ur hosting platform, is it like i buy domain from namecheap and host it in ur platform, pls explain it for us

Ps: i know i ask too many question, dont be offended o..

cococandy: Some guys mistake potential to be plans or dreams. Hence a graduate young man hoping to get a job at Shell while doing some unfulfiling job will think he has potential because he's educated and has big dreams.

Potential is the guy who turns lemon into lemonade.

He's focused and doesn't waste his time regaling the babe with his 'plans' for the future.

He's calculative.
The guy who didn't get a job when he left school but his shop that he started with 200k is worth millions now because he doesn't mind traveling to the north or to Togo to buy goods cheaper and doesn't mind driving a keke napep to deliver his goods to his clients on time. Thereby creating a huge customer base and more success from his little capital.

Potential is not by mouth.
If you're driven,it won't be a secret.

You are truly wise
I will keep this advice in my heart

genny2kuk:

Can u state it more clearly?

I have 2 questions
1 What is the difference between vougepay and interswitch? I mean why would someone wanna spend 150k when there is an alternative 1k for the same service?

2 How do we get a cheap domain and a secured hosting, which company is the best? infact what are the steps involved in donain and hosting for ecommerce?

Thanks in advance

genny2kuk:

To change your site's background to left, log in to your Admin Dashboard. Click

You can do this for any color you want. This should change the background color.

Hello sir, you havent answered my question

First i want to appreciate the op for his effort in putting down this tutorial. You too much

I have 2 questions

1 What is the difference between vougepay and interswitch? I mean why would someone spend 150k when there is an alternative 1k for the same service?

2 How do we get a cheap domain and a secured hosting, which company is the best? infact what are the steps involved in donain and hosting for ecommerce?

Thanks in advance

3. Calculating battery capacity

Till now, you will have clear understanding of the Inverter capacity required for your need. But the next question is that how much back up will the inverter provide and for how many hours you can run all of your equipments. And that's where battery capacity comes into picture. It's the battery which determines the back-up hours. The higher capacity battery you have, the more back-up hours you'll get. So lets get into the calculation fast.

Required power(in Wattage) X Required back-up hours(in Hours) = Inverter Voltage(in Voltage) X Battery Capacity (in Ampere Hours)

Let's look for an Inverter which can give back-up of up to 3 hours, so for our case -

488W X 7 Hours = 12V X Battery Capacity

♣ Battery Capacity = (488 X 7)/12 = 284 Ampere Hours

So we need a battery of 284AH capacity but if you check the market you won’t find any battery of 284AH capacity.
We have 12V/100AH and 12V/200AH Batteries available, there is nothing like 12V/284AH

So what do we do?

2. Calculating required inverter's capacity

Now that you know how much power is required, it's easy to get the VA rating of inverter. In ideal condition, the VA rating would have been same as the power need i.e. 440VA. But in practical conditions, the power factor of Inverter is less than 1 hence power supplied by 440VA Inverter won't be 550W but lesser than that. Assuming power factor of Inverter to be 0.7, following are the details of calculation -

Required VA of Inverter X 0.9 = 440W
♣ Required VA of Inverter = 440/0.9 = 488 VA

Now luckily we have inverters available in the market with 800VA capacity, so such inverters will fit into my requirement.

How To calculate the power for Inverter

1. Calculating your power need
Now I'll explain you how to use above table to calculate the right capacity Inverter for your need. Let's say you need Inverter to run 5 Tube lights, 3 Fans, 1TV and 1 Decoder.

As per the table above, you'll need a total power of
(5X20 + 3X70 + 1X120 + 1X10) = 440W

This will support all your equipment at the same time.
♣ Your Total Power Need = 440W

djaybaba: very educative, keep up d good work.

Thanks

For optimum result i had to consider 3 factors

a) Since inverters depend on PHCN and generator for charging, i had to factor out how many hourse of electricity would be required to charge the battery. For this case, she got 4 hrs from PHCN and 3hrs from generator. that is 7 hours.

b) I had to estimate the load of her household to determine the size of the inverter

c) i had to consider the nos of hrs she would want the electricity on. this would determine my power capacity.

1 The Load
5 units * Energy Saving Bulb @ 20W each
3 units * Fan - 70W @ each
1 unit * Television - 120W
1 unit * Dstv Decoder - 10W

2 Time
The time she needed it to run was from 11pm to 6am [7 hours]


From this data, i need to calculate the following:
1. Calculating your power need
2. Calculating required inverter's capacity
3. Calculating battery capacity

Exercise.
I am going to do some calculation based on my last project.

A woman complained about the PHCN condition in an her area. It has gotten so bad that they barely have four hours of light everyday. Her small Elemax generator was so overworked that it finally gave up in April. She switched it on at 7pm and switch it off at 12 midnight. At a time, the heat at night was so terrible, her kids would wake up crying and itching from the heat rash. Sometimes she would wake up at 2am and wouldn't be able to sleep. Some of the people in her area alleged that PHCN was diverting power to other neighbourhoods that were paying bribes. They hoped the situation would improve but alas it only got worse.

So what did I do? .

Lets Do some Basic Calculation, but first i want you to understand this electrical terms

Watts
The power and watt is often misunderstood. Watts are basically just a measure of how much power a device uses when turned on, or can supply. A watt is a watt - there is no such thing as "watts per hour", or "watts per day". If a something uses 100 watts, that is simply the voltage times the amps. If it draws 10 amps at 12 volts, or 1 amp at 120 volts, it is still 120 watts. A watt is defined as one Joule per second, so saying watts per hour is like saying "miles per hour per day".

Watt-hours
A watt-hour (or kilowatt hour, kWh) is simply how many watts times how many hours that is used for. This is what most people mean when they say "watts per day". If a light uses 100 watts, and it is on for 9 hours, that is 900 watt-hours. If a microwave uses 1500 watts, and runs for 10 minutes, that is 1/6th of an hour x 1500, or 250 WH. When you buy power from your friendly utility (look at your last bill), they sell it to you at so much per kWh. A kWh is a "kilowatt hour", or 1000 watts for one hour (or 1 watt for 1000 hours).

Amps
An amp is a measure of electrical current at the moment. (Amps do not come in "amps per hour" or "amps per day" either). Amps are important because it determines what wire size you need, especially on the DC (low voltage) side of an inverter. All wire has resistance, and amps flowing through a wire makes heat. If your wire is too small for the amps, you get hot wires. You can also get voltage drops in the wire if it is too small. This is not usually a good thing. An amp is defined as 1 Coulomb per second.

A Coulomb is the charge of 6.24 x 1018 electrons. Therefore, 1 Amp is equal to the charge of 6.24 x 1018 electrons passing a point in a circuit in 1 second.

Amp-Hours
Amp-hours (usually abbreviated as AH) are what most people mean when they say "amps per hour" etc. Amps x time = AH. AH are very important, as it is the main measure of battery capacity. Since most inverters run from batteries, the AH capacity determines how long you can run. See our battery page for much more detailed information

Current
The rate of flow of electrical charge. The flow of amps is often expressed as current.

High Battery Protection
A control circuit that disconnects charging current flowing to battery (s) when voltage reaches a dangerously high threshold. Prevents damage created by excess gassing (or boiling) of electrolyte.

Kilowatt (kW)
One thousand watts of electricity.Ten-100 watt light bulbs use one KILOWATT of electrical power.

Kilowatt Hour (kWh)
One KW of electrical power used for one hour. The most common measurement of electrical consumption, most electrical meters measure KW/H for billing purposes.

Line Loss
A voltage drop caused by resistance in wire during transmission of electrical power over distance.

Load
Any device that consumes electricity in order to operate. Appliances, fans and lights are examples of electrical loads. The amount of power the equipment is drawing from the inverter at any given time.
e.g. if you have an 800W inverter and drawing 400W, your inverter is running at half its load.

Low Battery Protection
A control circuit that stops the flow of electricity from batteries to loads when when battery voltage drops to dangerously low levels.

Overload / Over Current Protection
A control circuit is designed to protect an inverter or similar device from loads exceeding its output capacity ( i.e A fuse is an over current protection device )Inverters have internal circuitry to protect themselves from overload / over current conditions.

7 What Feature makes a good Inverter?

By Feature, i mean what qualities makes an inverter Durable and last for many years. This qualities i am going to explain is the main reason while i prefer installing foreign inverters to locally made inverter.

There are 4
Short Circuit Protection
Overload Protection
Battery Deep Discharge Protection
Battery Reverse Polarity Protection

Short Circuit Protection
In mains mode MCB connected at the output of inverter disconnects the load connected to the inverter, in case of short circuit overload.
A short circuit means an abnormal connection between two nodes of an electric circuit with infinite resistance. This results in an excessive electric current/overcurrent and can be dangerous. A good inverter will trip off to avoid damage to your appliances.

Overload Protection
If the load exceeds the capacity of your inverter, the electronic overload protection works and inverter trips automatically. After reducing the load manually, resetting the “RESET” Switch, the inverter starts operation again.

Battery Deep Discharge Protection
The protection operates when battery voltage goes below 10.3V + 0.1V in the 12V system and 20.6V + 0.1V in the case of the 24V system. At this voltage the inverter stops running on battery and no output is available, so batteries are protected from further discharge. In this case output from the inverter is available only on resumption of mains.

Battery Reverse Polarity Protection
If batteries are connected on the polarity reverse, the HRC fuse inside the inverter will be blown, therefore protecting the inverter.

6 What appliances do most people power during an outage?

In residential settings, refrigeration, gas- or oil-fueled heating systems, and lighting are most common. Electronic appliances such as computers, home entertainment components, and security systems don't consume much electricity and can easily be added to a home's backup subpanel. If you use pumps to supply water, keep a basement dry or pet fish alive, include these items in your backup power plans. Many gas appliances require only a small amount of electricity and should be included on the sub-panel. Comfort and convenience appliances such as fans, coffee makers, microwave ovens and garage door openers are other items your may want to use during an outage.

In an office setting, computers, printers, modems, fax machines and telephone systems are the most common equipment to run along with lighting. It makes sense to include whatever you need to keep your business functioning efficiently. Just remember that the more things you power, the bigger your system will need to be.

hushmail: still following

pls continue

Yes boss

4 Should I leave my inverter ON or OFF when PHCN is available?
When PHCN is available, you may leave your inverter ON or OFF. There are advantages and disadvantages to both methods. If the inverter is left ON, you have immediate backup AC power if you lose PHCN. You may not be aware PHCN is lost until your batteries are fully discharged. If you choose to leave your inverter OFF you have the advantage of knowing when you have lost PHCN. This, however, is at the expense of losing automatic backup power capabilities.

5 What is Three-Stage Charging?

First lets see the meaning of Life Saving Charge
This charging stage applies only, if for some reason, your battery has gone under deep discharge conditions. In this mode (until battery reaches to a minimum specified charge level) the charging currents is very low to avoid any excessive heat produced inside the battery. It is kept very low because the battery internal resistance is very, very high and using a high charging current may cause a rapid rise in the internal battery temperature which would shorten its life. This technique or method of using low charging current will not reduce your battery life cycle if your battery has gone under deep discharge condition.

[b]
Multistage charging [/b]ensures batteries receive best and favourable charging, but with minimal wear and tear, regulating the voltage and current delivered to the batteries in three automatic stages:

Bulk Charge
In Bulk charging stage, the inverter unit charges the batteries at the full charging current. i.e. 12 AMPS, so that this charging takes place at the fastest possible speed

Absorption Charge
The second stage of charging is Absorption. When the battery is 80% charged the Microtek unit will start reducing the charging current of the batteries in the steady fashion. As the battery is being charged to 100%, charging is reduced to negligible current.

Float / Trickle Charge
The third stage of charging is Float charging. This is when the battery is 100% charged, a charge is required just to take care of the self-discharge of the battery. This is often referred to as maintenance charge, as it does not charge the battery but keeps an already-charged battery from self-discharging.


In summary:
Bulk: Replaces 70-80% of the battery’s state of charge at the fastest possible rate.
Absorption: Replenishes the remaining 20-30% of charge, bringing the battery to a full charge at a slow, safe rate.
Float: Voltage is reduced and held constant in order to prevent damage and keep batteries at a full charge.

3 What is the difference between Sine Wave, Modified Sine Wave, and Square Wave Inverter?

There are 3 major types of inverters - sine wave (sometimes referred to as a "true" or "pure" sine wave), modified sine wave (actually a modified square wave), and square wave.

o Sine Wave
A sine wave is what you get from your local utility company and (usually) from a generator. This is because it is generated by rotating AC machinery and sine waves are a natural product of rotating AC machinery. The major advantage of a sine wave inverter is that all of the equipment which is sold on the market is designed for a sine wave. This guarantees that the equipment will work to its full specifications. Some appliances, such as motors and microwave ovens will only produce full output with sine wave power. A few appliances, such as bread makers, light dimmers, and some battery chargers require a sine wave to work at all. Sine wave inverters are always more expensive - from 2 to 3 times as much.

o Modified Sine Wave
A modified sine wave inverter actually has a waveform more like a square wave, but with an extra step or so. A modified sine wave inverter will work fine with most equipment, although the efficiency or power will be reduced with some. Motors, such as refrigerator motor, pumps, fans etc will use more power from the inverter due to lower efficiency. Most motors will use about 20% more power. This is because a fair percentage of a modified sine wave is higher frequencies - that is, not 60 Hz - so the motors cannot use it. Some fluorescent lights will not operate quite as bright, and some may buzz or make annoying humming noises. Appliances with electronic timers and/or digital clocks will often not operate correctly. Many appliances get their timing from the line power - basically, they take the 60 Hz (cycles per second) and divide it down to 1 per second or whatever is needed. Because the modified sine wave is noisier and rougher than a pure sine wave, clocks and timers may run faster or not work at all. They also have some parts of the wave that are not 60 Hz, which can make clocks run fast. Items such as bread makers and light dimmers may not work at all - in many cases appliances that use electronic temperature controls will not control. The most common is on such things as variable speed drills will only have two speeds - on and off.

• Square Wave
Very few but the cheapest inverters are square wave. A square wave inverter will run simple things like tools with universal motors without a problem, but not much else. Square wave inverters are seldom seen any more.

2 Whats the difference between UPS and Inverter?
This is one of the basic confusion people face, so let me start with answering this first. UPS and Inverter are words used interchangeably though there are not exactly same. UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) is just a system which allows INSTANT switchover to the power back-up source in case of a power failure. The power back-up source can be a battery or something else. Whereas an Inverter is a system which converts direct current to alternate current hence enables using a battery for backing up equipments running on AC power supply. Inverter uses a battery to provide power back-up. Computer UPS comes with in-built battery which works as back-up power source and can provide back-up for 15min. to 30 min. So if that much of back-up is sufficient for you, you should be fine with buying just a UPS for your need. But Inverter comes with more powerful battery and can provide support for electrical equipments, computers, home appliances etc. and also gives more hours of back-up. Most of the inverters come with in-built UPS which ensures that power failure doesn't cause fluctuation and your system switches instantly to Inverter's Power Back up battery.

Hello everyone, i am a trained engineer specialized in installing inverter for homes and office in Benin city. I have lots of experience dealing with client in usage of this systems and how they can be maintained for 10 years of running.

If you are thinking of installing an inverter in your home and office and be sure of 8 hours of electricity, follow this most frequently asked questions and answers.

Sit back and enjoy the lectures , i promise to make it easy for non-engineers


1 What size of inverter do I need for my home/office?
Choosing the right size of inverter depends on the power requirements of the appliances you expect to operate at any given time. You should consider both the continuous and surge power rating of your appliance. The continuous rating must be high enough to handle all the loads that may run at the same time. The inverter must also be capable of handling the starting surge of all loads that may start at the same time. Loads typically take many times their continuous rating to start.

Now let me explain continuous and surge rating.
Surge is the maximum power that the inverter can supply, usually for only a short time - a few seconds up to 15 minutes or so. Some appliances, particularly those with electric motors, need a much higher startup surge than they do when running. Pumps are the most common example - another common one is refrigerators (compressors).

Continuous rating is what the inverter has to supply on a steady basis. This is usually much lower than the surge. For example, this would be what a refrigerator pulls after the first few seconds it takes for the motor to start up, or what it takes to run the microwave - or what all loads combined will total up to.

Example
1 If an 800VA/12v inverter has a surge rating of 1200VA. it means it can carry an appliance of 1000VA for 10 seconds before it trips off

2 A refrigerator may be rated 120W and the surge 400W. This means that when you switch on your refrigerator, it will use up 400w[surge] for a few seconds then drops to 120W[continuous] for steady operation.

Note that different brands of inverters have different surge rating.

Baddestguyp: not with Kakashi's perfect susano

Who is kakashi compared to itachi? In one sec itachi put kakashi in hospital for one week

DRealGeesam:
Thank you sir

Is it adviceable to solar for refrigerator/ac? i heard the life span of the batteries is reduced. How much power is needed for refigerator?

Kirinwa:

Check this Guy's post."You will learn and understand the full in-debt of Forex".He didn't say in-depth but rather in-debt.That means he will show you the fastest way to blow up your account.

Hahahahahaha

For Nigeria_coursed MBA

www.chapsdiary.com

This is wherr i learnt mine

justme50: I have gone through the agriculture section and I have not seen anything concerning palm oil, those of us that are into palm oil business let's meet here and rub minds together, I am into palm oil production and our farm is based in delta state. We can supply you palm oil in large quantities as well.if you have any question please ask. Thanks.

Nice thread, i am an aspiring farmer with no practicals.what does it take to learn?

Law prince:

Don't derail. The thread here is more about the morality of the act, and stop quoting some feminist theories.
From my moral perspective, Only a moral bankrupt person hugs an opposite sex who isn't a relation, Coz hugging is a form of intimacy. What happens to a respectful handshake? The world has really gone skoin skoin... Abnormalities now norms.

You are a wise man....kudos

Well done layer.
Pls help me out, i need a self contained room in Airport road, Benin city.
Do you know any genius agent, office where i can go to