₦airaland Forum

He was 88. He would have been 89 tomorrow. He was entirely against the Nigeria Civil War.

"I need not tell you what horror, what devastation and what extreme human suffering will attend the use of force.
When it is all over and the smoke and dust have lifted, and the dead are buried, we shall find, as other people have found, that it has all been futile, entirely futile, in solving the problems we set out to solve." - General Adeyinka Adebayo, 1967.

He also implored Gowon to let Ojukwu break away with Biafra.
His first son, Otunba Niyi Adebayo was the first executive governor of Ekiti State between 1999-2003.

Rest on Sir.

..

Perfectdanny:
Nicaragua is the only country in the world that has a husband (Daniel Ortega) and wife (Rosario Murillo) as president and vice-president.

How about Azerbaijan?

At least you put reference. Stealing other people's work without reference is a crime..

www.historyvilleng.com/2016/09/02/interesting-facts-you-may-not-know-about-abeokuta/

I have a BSc in Chemistry and I need a job in a Manufacturing/Production Company. Location is Kano. Thank you.

I have a BSc in Chemistry. I need a job (not teaching), preferably production and manufacturing. Location is Kano. Please, help a brother.

Oh no! She meant "hail and heady". Lie Mohammed is really doing a good job. He infected Femi Adesina, Garba Shehu and even the Ag. President with lies. Now this lady from the other side of the Niger appointed to appease the 5 percent has contracted the disease. Well, I have no anecdote to tell until Buhari returns. Orange and apple ko, Pineapple and banana ni. #bringbackmyPresident.

No comment till Buhari returns. Maybe the guy below me has something to say.

God Save the Queen

THE BUHARI BROUHAHA AND CITIZENS' QUEST FOR UTOPIA


When news filtered in that President Muhammadu Buhari had extended his vacation ad infinitum, many who had predicted the president's death felt vindicated and they trooped to the social media to reiterate their prophecies.


Recent happenings in the country, especially the economic quagmire Nigerians are wallowing in de die in diem, did not help matters either.


Concerned citizens led by a popular artiste had planned to hold a peaceful march today across major cities in Nigeria to protest against the government. In a likewise manner, another group rose up to support the government. But yesterday morning, the leader of the group against the government cancelled the protest to the disappointment of his supporters citing "security concerns" (the police had threatened to stop the protest).


Most of their complaints bore on the skyrocketing prices of food items, essential commodities and the free fall of the naira (refusing to resist the law of gravity) against international currencies. They are not even crying for a better Nigeria but pressing demands to the present administration to return the nation to its former position before they took over.


President Buhari bears the brunt of these agitations by the people as the C-in-C of the Armed Forces and the number one citizen of the nation. But the health challenges of the president had made him handover to his vice as Acting President, according to section 145 of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution.


The nation is experiencing some sort of déjà vu (same situation happened in 2009), albeit in this case, the president handed over to his deputy afore leaving the country to ensure there was no vacuum after he must have left.


Despite these issues, political shenanigans have begun their scheming for the next election as lawmakers from the northwestern part of the country had endorsed Buhari for second term in 2019 despite the president's health challenges.


Of Nigeria's 18 years of democracy, the Northerners have ruled for just 4 years and any truncation of the incumbent's tenure may not go down well with Northern politicians who might feel shortchanged.


The major opposition party, PDP, in a bid to return to power is also playing with their sentiments as they had in October, 2016 agreed on a Northern presidential candidate for 2019. A decision which has caused the ire of the masses, especially the southerners who feel the northerners may rule till 2027.


In light of recent events, what the people deserve is a working environment, a vibrant economy and a strong leader who understands their plight.


We have an Acting President and an ailing President and the best we can do is to support them with prayers until 2019 when we shall speak through the ballots again.

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1544916265549218&id=100000925792452

URGENT!!!

I need a writing/editing/broadcast job in any media outfit in Abuja, Kaduna, Kano & Zaria. Prospective employers can reach me on 07010008609. Thank you!!!

Generica:
Please check the email address. I sent a mail but it keeps bouncing back.

Try peakpctutors@gmail.com

We are currently seeking out qualified Instructors who are highly motivated and passionate about teaching, to work with our students all across Lagos State: Job Title: Private Tutor Location: Lagos Job Description: We want tutors who are credible enough to teach at different levels or Cadre of Education, Ranging from the Creche, Undergraduate and professional Classes, this is further categorized below: Nursery: Teachers at this level of education need to be very efficient as it forms the basis of a child educational foundations, this is where most children learn how to read and write also other cognitive activities required of them as a person, Tutors in this category should be females and must be familiar with the follow subjects, Numeracy, Literacy, Diction, Phonics, Nelsons Handwriting etc. Also it is a key stage in the British Curriculum. Lower Primary: This is another interesting level of education, mostly children at this age can recognize words and numbers, most of them can also read and write without any supervision, but they require constant training at the point. Tutors dealing with this level of education must observe caution at all times, Gender preference is really not a case here, and Tutor should be familiar with English, Mathematics, Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning etc Upper Primary: Most Pupils at this level understand the need for education, they are willing to learn, some might be Visual learners, Audio learners or Kinesthetic learners you just need to find out where your tutee falls to teach as to that regard. This stage also forms the basis for entry into the secondary education so avid grooming is required. Tutors could be of any gender, but must be familiar with all primary subjects. Junior Secondary: At this level, Tutors need to be firm and smart. They include varieties and ranges of subjects from Sciences to Commercials to Arts which is a strong base as to what the tutee studies at the tertiary level of education. Gender preferences is also not a case, Tutors must be familiar with English Language, Mathematics, Business Studies, Basic Technology, Basic Sciences, etc Senior Secondary: This Level of Education is divided in three different parts: Sciences- Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Further Mathematics, Information Technology, Agricultral Sciences Commercial - Financial Accounting, Commerce, Economics, Geography, Shorthand Arts- Fine arts, Music, Government, History, English Literature, Religious Studies, Languages Tutors at this level should be an authority at their given genre, tutors should be able to teach subjects, from SS1- SS3. No Gender Preferences Special Needs: At this level we require tutors who are professionally trained to handle students with special needs. They include - Students With Autism, Down Syndrome, Dyslexia, Learning Difference, Processing Disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Exam Specific: For Examinations like ICAN, SAT,GRE,GMAT,TOEFL,ACCA,IELTS,CIPM,PMP ,AED,PTE,IB Tutors must have had prior experiences teaching someone at that particular level and making sure the tutee was a success at the examination. Job Requirements The Person; PeakClassNG is currently looking for tutors (especially females) who: Have previous experience teaching or tutoring Are highly motivated Are self-starters Are passionate about teaching Have at least a Bachelor's degree or HND from an accredited college or university Know how to motivate children who are struggling in school Other Informations: We are interested in tutors who can teach in the following locations: Festac, Amuwo- Odofin, Lekki, Victoria Island, Yaba, Shomolu, Surulere, Ojodu- Berger, Ilupeju, Ajah, Obalende-Ikoyi, Ikeja, Magodo, Ketu, Bariga, Gbagada, Mushin. Most of the tutoring is done in the evening hours between 4 - 8pm as such interested tutors should be able to work around that time periods. Weekends inclusive. Qualified Graduates should forward their cvs to peakpctututors@gmail.com

We are currently seeking out qualified Instructors who are highly motivated and passionate about teaching, to work with our students all across Lagos State:
Job Title: Private Tutor Location: Lagos Job Description: We want tutors who are credible enough to teach at different levels or Cadre of Education, Ranging from the Creche, Undergraduate and professional Classes, this is further categorized below:
Nursery: Teachers at this level of education need to be very efficient as it forms the basis of a child educational foundations, this is where most children learn how to read and write also other cognitive activities required of them as a person,
Tutors in this category should be females and must be familiar with the follow subjects, Numeracy, Literacy, Diction, Phonics, Nelsons Handwriting etc. Also it is a key stage in the British Curriculum.
Lower Primary: This is another interesting level of education, mostly children at this age can recognize words and numbers, most of them can also read and write without any supervision, but they require constant training at the point. Tutors dealing with this level of education must observe caution at all times, Gender preference is really not a case here, and Tutor should be familiar with English, Mathematics, Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning etc
Upper Primary: Most Pupils at this level understand the need for education, they are willing to learn, some might be Visual learners, Audio learners or Kinesthetic learners you just need to find out where your tutee falls to teach as to that regard.
This stage also forms the basis for entry into the secondary education so avid grooming is required. Tutors could be of any gender, but must be familiar with all primary subjects. Junior Secondary: At this level, Tutors need to be firm and smart.
They include varieties and ranges of subjects from Sciences to Commercials to Arts which is a strong base as to what the tutee studies at the tertiary level of education.
Gender preferences is also not a case, Tutors must be familiar with English Language, Mathematics, Business Studies, Basic Technology, Basic Sciences, etc
Senior Secondary: This Level of Education is divided in three different parts: Sciences- Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Further Mathematics, Information Technology, Agricultral Sciences Commercial - Financial Accounting, Commerce, Economics, Geography, Shorthand Arts- Fine arts, Music, Government, History, English Literature, Religious Studies, Languages
Tutors at this level should be an authority at their given genre, tutors should be able to teach subjects, from SS1-SS3. No Gender Preferences
Special Needs: At this level we require tutors who are professionally trained to handle students with special needs.
They include - Students With Autism, Down Syndrome, Dyslexia, Learning Difference, Processing Disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Exam Specific: For Examinations like ICAN, SAT,GRE,GMAT,TOEFL,ACCA,IELTS,CIPM,PMP ,AED,PTE,IB Tutors must have had prior experiences teaching someone at that particular level and making sure the tutee was a success at the examination.
Job Requirements The Person; PeakClassNG is currently looking for tutors (especially females) who: Have previous experience teaching or tutoring Are highly motivated Are self-starters Are passionate about teaching Have at least a Bachelor's degree or HND from an accredited college or university Know how to motivate children who are struggling in school
Other Informations: We are interested in tutors who can teach in the following locations: Festac, Amuwo- Odofin, Lekki, Victoria Island, Yaba, Shomolu, Surulere, Ojodu-Berger, Ilupeju, Ajah, Obalende-Ikoyi, Ikeja, Magodo, Ketu, Bariga, Gbagada, Mushin.
Most of the tutoring is done in the evening hours between 4 - 8pm as such interested tutors should be able to work around that time periods. Weekends inclusive. Qualified Graduates should forward their cvs to peakpctututors@gmail.com

Currently searching for schools in Zaria. Although, I would love to relocate to Minna too. Hope religion is not a barrier? I can teach Chemistry and ICT.

July the 13th...

Ibadan was created in 1829 as a war camp for warriors coming from Oyo, Ife and Ijebu. A forest site and several ranges of hills, varying in elevation from 160 to 275 metres, offered strategic defence opportunities.

Ibadan is the largest indigenous city in West Africa and is located in the South Western part of Oyo State of Nigeria. It is the capital city of Oyo State and is located about 145 km north-east of Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria. Its population of 2,550,593 according to 2006 census results, includes 11 local government areas. The population of central Ibadan, including five LGAs, is 1,338,659 according to census results for 2006, covering an area of 128 km².

Here are some interesting facts about Ibadan:

1. Ibadan is a city built on seven hills.

2. Ibadan (Yoruba: Ìbàdàn or fully Ìlú Ẹ̀bá-Ọ̀dàn, the town at the junction of the savannah and the forest), the capital of Oyo State, is the second largest city in Nigeria by population after Lagos and the largest in geographical area. At independence, Ibadan was the largest and the most populous city in Nigeria and the third in Africa after Cairo and Johannesburg.

3. Its central location and accessibility from the capital city of Lagos were major considerations in the choice of Ibadan as the headquarters of the Western Provinces (1939), which became the Western Region of Nigeria in 1952.

4. Ibadan is the largest city in Nigeria by geographical area. It is larger in size than Ekiti, Abia, Ebonyi, Imo, Anambra and Lagos States.

5. It is more populous than Ondo, Osun, Kogi, Zamfara, Enugu, Kebbi, Edo, Plateau, Adamawa, Cross River, Abia, Ekiti, Kwara, Gombe, Yobe, Taraba, Ebonyi, Nasarawa, Bayelsa States and Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory.

6. And it is more industrialized than Sokoto, Jigawa, Adamawa, Taraba, Plateau, Ebonyi, Ekiti, Osun, Bayelsa, Cross River, Kwara, Kogi, Kaduna, Kebbi, Gombe, Bauchi and Borno States.

7. Ibadan, as a city, has 11 local government areas; three more than Bayelsa State and just two less than Ebonyi State.

8. The first skyscraper in Nigeria, Cocoa House, is at Ibadan.

9. Ibadan has the first standard Nigerian stadium; The Obafemi Awolowo Stadium formerly Liberty Stadium.

10. The first television station in Africa is at Ibadan.

11. Ibadan is the cheapest city to live, in South-West Nigeria.

12. Ibadan boasts of the oldest surviving private-owned Newspaper (The Nigerian Tribune) in Nigeria.

13. The University of Ibadan, established in 1948, is the first university in Nigeria. Also, the first school in Ibadan was founded by Rev. David Hinderer at Kudeti (too dirty) in 1853.

14. There are more federal tertiary institutions/institutes (especially research institutes) in Ibadan than any other city in Nigeria.

15. The busiest highway in Nigeria, Lagos-Ibadan expressway, terminates at Ibadan.

16. The city of Ibadan is naturally drained by four rivers with many tributaries: Ona River in the North and West; Ogbere River towards the East; Ogunpa River flowing through the city and Kudeti River in the Central part of the metropolis.

17. Islam is the dominant religion in Ibadan with the overwhelming majority of the core Ibadan City Center inhabitants being Muslims.

18. Ibadan is the second largest non-oil state economy in Nigeria after Lagos State.

19. Tourist attractions include:

Agodi Gardens and Leisure Park.
Shoprite mall in cocoa house Dugbe.
The Palms shopping mall, Ring Road.
Ventura Mall, Samonda.
University of Ibadan Zoological Garden.
Bower Tower.
Mapo Hall.
Kankanfo Inn, etc.

20. Some notable people from Ibadan include;

Prof. Oluremi Shonaiya (b. 1955),
Prof. Toyin Falola (b. 1953),
Prof. Jadesola O. Akande (1940 – 2008),
Prof. Oladapo Afolabi (b. 1953),
Mr. James Olubunmi Aboderin (1934 – 1984),
Dr. Tunde Adegbola (b. 1955), Akin Alabi (b. 1977),
Chief Theophilus Akinyele (b. 1932),
Oba Samuel Odulana (1914 – 2016),
Oba Isaac Babalola Akinyele (1882 – 1964),
Bishop Alexander Babatunde Akinyele (1875 – 1968),
Pa Taiwo Michael Akinkunmi (b. 1936),
Dr. Abraham Olukayode Ajulo (b. 1974),
Chief Richard Akinjide (b. c. 1932),
Chief (Mrs) Olajumoke Akinjide (b. 1959),
Kofoworola Abeni Pratt (1910 – 1992),
Oba Samuel Adetunji (b. 1928) and
Brigadier General Raji Alagbe Rasaki (b. 1947).

Source: http://www.historyvilleng.com/2016/12/28/interesting-facts-you-may-not-know-about-ibadan/

Pleased as man with man to dwell,
Jesus our Immanuel!
Hark the Herald Angels sing,
Glory to the newborn King!
Happy Christmas everyone!

baby8ace:
Pls am in need of teaching job, I study mathematics and Statistics HND, I can teach mathematics and further mathematics, I live in ib but I can move or relocate to anywhere. Dis is my contact :08030643812,mail: henry4luve9@gmail.com

Yomfield Nur/Pry School, Obantoko, Abeokuta needs a Mathematics teacher. Pay is between 35-40k. Just go to the school admin office and submit your CV and you will be examined. You may be required to teach other subjects too. You know it is a primary school- that's if you are interested. Goodluck.

Even the capital, Ikeja, is on the mainland. The Governor don't like stress. The ball is your court.

Rev. Father Gabriel Ngbe of Akwangwa Catholic Church, in Nasarawa State, on Sunday canvassed the need for Catholic Church to incorporate some good aspects of African culture in its Doctrine and that monogamy should be accepted in the Church because of those that have only one wife. The Catholic Priest made this known while celebrating Acculturation Mass at St. Patrick’s Catholic Church Akwanga.

Ngbe insisted that the Catholic doctrine most be amended, especially in the African Catholic Churches in order to accommodate every member of the Church.

“The Whiteman that brought Christianity to us mixed the religion with his culture and Africans just accepted it like that at the expense of our culture.

“If we did not incorporate parts of our culture into the way we worship God, our culture would in no distant time go into extinction,” he said.

Ngbe explained that local foods should henceforth be used for communion in the Catholic Church instead of using products imported from Europe.

The priest also said meaningful local names should be given to people during Baptism and Confirmation in Catholic Churches as against using “English names.”

Ngbe urged members to imbibe the habit of wearing local dresses during weddings as well as using local languages for Mass. He said that anybody who practiced monogamy before accepting Christ should be given equal treatment in the Church with those that have only one wife.

“It is better to have many wives at home than to have only one and yet have many girl friends and lovers outside,” the priest said. Ngbe therefore commended the Yoruba people for incorporating their culture in the way they practiced both Christianity and Islam and urged others to emulate them.

Read more at: http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/it-is-better-to-have-many-wives-than-to-have-one-or-many-girl-friends-lovers-catholic-priest/

Floxyluv:
This got me so emotional, good one!

I learnt that being happy is my utmost priority. Life is meant to be lived not endured and most importantly, don't try too hard, just do your best.

Yea. Just be happy. Hakuna Matata!

Love all. Trust a few. Be false to none.

Most importantly, never waste your time on someone who does not love you hoping they would love you someday.

Don't be a handbag. Nevertheless, be content love grew in your heart.

Where are you now and how much is Lagos to Kano, first class?

Instead of them to develop their states, they are campaigning for governorship in Lagos. Now, erosion and the FOOLanis are dealing with them.

By Chinonso Alozie, Owerri

Governor Rochas Okorocha of Imo State and Chief Emmanuel Iwuayanwu Friday called on Nigerians to unite together in order to protect the integrity of Nigeria as one country.

They made this call at the Concord Hotel, Owerri during the opening ceremony of the National Executive Council meeting of the Nigeria Union of Journalists, NUJ, in the State. According to Okorocha who declared the event open said, ” We have no place to call our own if not Nigeria. We must defend the integrity of this country. “

“The worst thing that will happen to any society is to have a visionless leader ” It was the view of Okorocha, that ” Nigerians must change their attitude toward their leaders and leaders must learn how to talk to their followers. ”

He also expressed sadness that, ” Nigerians are always in the attitude to pull down their leaders, adding that ” what ever you do not appreciate will depreciate. ” Speaking also, the Chairman of the occasion, Chief Emmanuel Iwuayanwu, used the opportunity to call president Mohammadu Buhari to assemble leaders of the country to discuss the the way out Nigeria problems.

He said, ” Nigerians are passing through hard times. These problems have lingered for years. They are not caused by Buhari administration. It is for this reason that Nigerians voted for change. ” ” We have come to a point Mr President should invite leaders in this country for a meeting to discuss how to solve our problems. ”

On the issue of Biafra, he said, ” Igbo are majority in this country and they cannot leave. We are Biafrans, Biafrans are Nigerians. It is the same way we have Arewa and Oduduwa.

http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/11/igbo-majority-country-cannot-leave/

"You cannot rule without God and the Bible."- George Washington (1732-1799), first President of the United States (1789-1797).

teetee123:
Prof Toyin Falola is an authority on Yoruba history and I will not dispute him. What I wrote concerning no. 9 is an addition. I will modify my previous post. However, the Oyo Yoruba being the majority and kicking the Ifes and Egbas out but the Ijebus and some Egbas and Ife were still there.

Sure. Not all of them left Ibadan for Abeokuta, I mean the Egbas. I admire your knowledge of Yoruba history.

teetee123:
Good historical thread, however, no 9 is not correct. The original war camps had mainly the Oyo (Yoruba), Ife, Ijebu and Egba groups. The Egbas were the original owners. The Egbas were oppressed by the others and this led to their fleeing in batches to Abeokuta. Then majority of the Ife people also left. However these two groups had substantial number of their people in Ibadan who stayed back. Late Chief Debo Akande SAN who was an high chief of Ibadan was of Ife stock. Efunseitan Aniwura the powerful Iyalode of Ibadan was of the Egba stock and Ojo area of Ibadan is Egba Gbagura people and that is why MKO Abiola an Egba Gbagura man was made Basorun Ibadan.

Fálọlá, Tóyìn: Ibadan: Foundation, Growth and Change,
1830 – 1960.

You can search for that article on Google Scholar to read more. I applaud your nice analysis though.

Ibadan (Yoruba: Ìbàdàn or fully Ìlú Ẹ̀bá-Ọ̀dàn, the town at the junction of the savannah and the forest), the capital of Oyo State, is the second largest city in Nigeria by population after Lagos and the largest in geographical area. Unfortunately, many Nigerians, especially Yorubas, don’t know about the ascendancy of this great city over other cities in Yorubaland. Few may remember Ibadan as the capital of the defunct Western Region.

Therefore, the main aim of this article is to highlight the important history of ancient Ibadan. There were 3 Ibadans, with the first two founded by Lagelu which eventually went into extinction or metamorphosed, this article will domicile on the present and third Ibadan which exists today as the capital of Oyo State, Nigeria.

1. Ibadan was founded by the Yoruba in 1750. It became a Yoruba military headquarters in 1929 and came under British rule in 1893 as part of the Niger River Delta Protectorate.

2. Ibadan had no “ancestral father” or founder; it only maintained an indirect link with Ile-Ife which was regarded by most of the older states as their orírun (“original home”), from which their princes obtained the adé ìlẹ̀kẹ̣̀ (beaded crown) that symbolised their right to rule and from which they also developed a spirit of brotherhood that bound a number of Yoruba rulers together.

3. Ibadan was founded by “iron and blood” and right from the beginning a military aristocracy was set up where most of the notable warriors of the 1830s controlled the reins of government.

4. The first leader was Oluyedun, a distinguished warrior who took the title of Àre ̣Ọ̀nà Kakanfò meant for the Oyo war general. His lieutenants and subordinates were selected in accordance with their valour. Lakanle, who had been the commander-in-chief of the Ibadan ad hoc army, then acclaimed “the bravest of the brave,” became the Ọ̀tún Kakanfò while Oluyole who was reputed to be the next most powerful man, was made the Òsì Kakanfò.

5. The reign of Basọ̀run Oluyole from the mid-1830s to 1847 further emphasised that a powerful military leader was in control. He was feared by his subjects and chiefs for his firmness and toughness which was often excessive and bordered on oppression and wickedness. In fact, so well did he succeed that Ibadan became known as Ìlú Olúyọ̀lé (“town of Oluyole”) long after his reign, to this present day.

6. Long-established Ibadan oral traditions speak of “three Ibadans,” the first two being smaller settlements inhabited by some migrants from other parts of Yorubaland, including the Egba Gbagura who were later to move to Abeokuta. Among these people were the descendants of Lagelu, the ancestral founder of the first Ibadan who migrated from Ile-Ife.

7. The first Ibadan disintegrated as a result of destruction; the second suffered from defeat and desertion; and the third has remained in existence ever since.

8. Ibadan began as a temporary settlement and war camp (bùdó ogun) for the allied armies of Ijebu, Oyo, and Ife who had gone to participate in the Owu War.

9. The Egba, Ife and Oyo were the original inhabitants of Ibadan. Egba left in 1829 for Abeokuta while Oyo expunged Ife under the leadership of Máyè ̣Okunade in 1833 and Oyo became the sole inhabitant of the land.

10. In the 19th century, Ibadan offered a natural protection. This was why the settlers settled at Oke Mapo (Mapo Hill) and clustered around its brow. Thus, Ibadan was referred to as ìlú orí òkè (the city on the hill).

11. There was no ààfin (palace) centrally located to the town since there was no Ọba. Consequently, the various compounds were not built to look towards the direction of any ruler’s compound as was the case in older towns where houses were built to face, as much as possible, the palace. Instead, they were built on slopes of hills to face whatever direction the owner found convenient and to avoid the ridges where erosion and flooding could wash their houses away.

12. While the people were predominately farmers, some engaged in trading. The central market at Ojaba was the economic nerve centre of the town. Traders from the neighbouring countries of the Egba and Ijebu attended the market at Ibadan, bringing coastal goods like salt, dried fish, and European commodities. Female Ibadan traders, too, left the town to attend the markets in Apomu, Ikire, and some villages in the Ife kingdom.

13. To facilitate the movement of traders entering and leaving Ibadan from different places, the town wall had sixteen gates, all in the direction of the sixteen highways entering the town. The system of many gates was considered unique and described as the first of its type in the whole of Yorubaland.

14. Four of Ibadan’s gates were of special importance because of the traffic on them and the importance attached to their maintenance and security. These were the gates leading to Abeokuta, Ijebuland, Oyo, and Iwo. Both Abeokuta and Ijebu gates linked Ibadan with the coast while the others linked the people with their kinsmen in Oyo-Yoruba towns and villages.

15. The location of Ibadan also favoured trading activities. Ibadan had the economic advantage of being located on a network of communication routes. It could easily be linked with the older Yoruba states and with the ports in Lagos, Porto Novo, and Badagry through the Egba, Egbado, and Ijebu territories. These three ports were important because of the lucrative trade in slaves and later in agricultural products with the Europeans on the coast. Ibadan succeeded in exploiting this advantageous location to establish trade contacts with many other parts of Yorubaland.

16. In less than two decades after its establishment, Ibadan had grown into a big commercial centre. From the small settlement of the 1830s, it rapidly expanded to such an extent that the second town wall had to be built in the late 1840s, and the third in 1858 to protect its almost one hundred thousand dwellers.

17. Ibadan maintained an open door policy to strangers, attracting and welcoming them irrespective of their places of origin. Many were lured into the town by its great commercial potentialities, its liberal and accommodating attitude towards strangers, and the opportunities it provided the hardy and the adventurous to make use of their talents.

18. Unlike the older states which were founded by just a few people and took hundreds of years to grow, Ibadan had a large and rapidly expanding population right from the beginning. This made an impact on the economy. Farmlands had to be rapidly expanded to meet the food requirements of the people. More tools and cloths had to be provided and this led to the phenomenal expansion of the crafts industry. The exchange economy had to be developed too.

19. Ibadan provided an unparalleled security to all its inhabitants and this created in the minds of its citizens a spirit of invulnerability. Anybody who set his foot on Ibadan territory was sure that, except for war or civil rebellion—the two conditions that were capable of subverting peace in Ibadan—he was completely safe from the hands of invaders. For, it was believed “ogun kò lè kó Ibadan” (“Ibadan can never be plundered in war”).

20. Apart from its strategic location which gave it a natural protection, it boasted of many distinguished warriors who could successfully defend the town against attack from any part of Yorubaland.

21. With an expanding economy characterised by a high degree of specialisation, Ibadan rapidly grew into a big, urban centre. This rapid transformation of the town is in line with the “functional specialisation theory of urbanisation” which stresses that an economy based on specialisation and division of labour, as obtained in Ibadan, is capable of transforming a small settlement into an urban centre.

22. Based on this economic theory, its numerous farmers operated far above the subsistence level; its military rulers provided the necessary peace and control over the economy; and its exchange sector allowed for the distribution of surplus local items and imports.

23. Many Ibadan traders grew wealthy by exchanging local products and by participating in the clearing of higher-value goods from different sources. This generated considerable employment for many people as retailers, wholesalers, food sellers, and in other non-agricultural occupations. It also brought more revenue to the military rulers who in turn expanded their sanctuaries.

24. The military sanctuary expanded even further when refugees began arriving in large numbers from northern Oyo, following raids by Fulani warriors. After losing the northern portion of their region to the marauding Fulanis, many Oyo indigenes retreated deeper into the Ibadan environs. The Fulani Caliphate attempted to expand further into the southern region of modern-day Nigeria, but was decisively defeated by the armies of Ibadan in 1840, which eventually halted their progress.

25. Thus, by around 1850, Ibadan had become an urban centre with a population of about 60,000 to 100,000 people living within the town, which covered about sixteen square miles. It had also established an identifiable social, political, and economic structure which sustained it for the remaining fifty years of the century.

Source: http://www.historyvilleng.com/2016/11/22/interesting-facts-you-may-not-know-about-ancient-ibadan/

Paperwhite:
Thanks for the correction dear.

You are affectionately welcome.

Paperwhite:
This was what Lt.Col Okoro & co.were doing until northern elements murdered them in Abeokuta when the counter-coup of July 29th.1966 took place.

Lie. Lt. Col. Israel Okoro was murdered in Kaduna not Abeokuta. It was Lt. Col. Gabriel Okowenze that was murdered in Abeokuta.