₦airaland Forum

Thiefobi1:
Obi as always been a man of double character right from his days as Anambra governor.

reason why the Anambra indigene label him ekwensu.

Was he really called EKWENSU by Anambra people?

Thiefobi1:
Then obi should keep his mouth shut.

Same peter was a disaster as governor.

Don’t mind the noisemakers!

OBASANJO WILL NEVER CHANGE.

HIS JOB IS ALWAYS TO ATTACK EVERY GOVERNMENT IN POWER, BECAUSE HE IS SO DESPERATE TO BE THE “BEST” LEADER SO FAR.

HE HAS ALWAYS BEEN LIKE THIS.

NAME ME ONE PERSON OBASANJO HAS EVER SUPPORTED IN ANYTHING, APART FROM HIS IGBO BROTHER, PETER OBI?

OBASANJO YOU THINK WE DON’T KNOW YOU ARE IGBO?

FOOLISH MAN DECEIVING HIS GRANDKIDS.

helinues:
How old is AI?

The Yoruba mathematics initiative is how old?

How many information do you think AI can gather about an initiative that's even yet to be started, just proposal.

Btw, some of you people should be calming down when engaging with others. Your points can never be noted if the epistle is full of attacks

What is this man talking about?


What ''Yoruba mathematics initiative'' are you referring to?

Oh.. Oh.....Oh.... the one the govt announced yesterday?

Kai.....Oh lawd.

AI was not referring to that stuff, Mr Man.

It was referring to TRADITIONAL, ANCIENT YORUBA MATHEMATICS.

ie, that the binary system used in ancient, traditional Yoruba mathematics, with its 256 binary code elements, is the exact same system used in modern computing.

You clearly know NOTHING about this.

So Here is a BRIEF HISTORY OF YORUBA MATHEMATICS, courtesy of AI


...........



Yoruba Mathematics: A Deep Historical Legacy and Binary System

The Yoruba people of West Africa, primarily located in present-day Nigeria, have a rich and sophisticated mathematical heritage. Long before the arrival of colonial powers, the Yoruba civilization developed intricate systems of knowledge, including mathematics, which played a crucial role in their everyday life, religion, and governance. This article explores the history of Yoruba mathematics, their binary system, and recent research that highlights the complexity and depth of this ancient knowledge.


Historical Context of Yoruba Mathematics

The origins of Yoruba mathematics are deeply tied to the broader intellectual traditions of Africa, where mathematics was not only a tool for commerce or measurement but also deeply integrated into cultural, religious, and social systems. Mathematics was expressed through various forms, including geometric patterns in art, architecture, and textile designs, as well as in the construction of sacred spaces like the renowned Ifá divination system.

Yoruba mathematical practices were heavily embedded in oral tradition, with knowledge passed down through generations by specialists, such as diviners (babaláwos) and artisans. The Yoruba system of numeration is one of the most striking aspects of their mathematical tradition, utilizing a base-20 (vigesimal) system rather than the base-10 (decimal) system familiar in much of the world today. This system is structured around multiples of 20 and reflects sophisticated counting techniques that allowed the Yoruba to perform complex calculations long before contact with European colonizers.


The Yoruba Base-20 System

The Yoruba counting system, known as 'ẹ̀ẹ̀rìndínlógún', is a base-20 structure that reflects both practicality and cultural significance. In this system, numbers are counted in groups of 20. For example, the number 25 is expressed as "twenty-five," and the number 35 is represented as "twenty-fifteen" ('ogún àti mẹ́fà'). This system allowed the Yoruba to conceptualize and work with large numbers with ease.

The vigesimal system may seem unfamiliar, but it bears similarities to other ancient numeration systems, such as the Mayans' base-20 system. It is believed that the base-20 system developed out of the use of fingers and toes for counting. In the Yoruba tradition, numbers also have cultural and religious meanings, often tied to cosmology and divination.


Yoruba Mathematics and Ifá Divination

One of the most famous expressions of Yoruba mathematics is found in the Ifá divination system, a sophisticated binary-based system used to make decisions and interpret the will of deities. Ifá divination involves the casting of sacred palm nuts, which are manipulated to generate binary combinations of odd and even outcomes. These combinations, known as *odu*, are central to the process and hold symbolic, numerical, and philosophical significance.

The Ifá system uses 256 'odu', which is a striking parallel to the 256 possible combinations in an 8-bit binary system. Each 'odu' is represented by a unique combination of open (odd) or closed (even) marks, which are interpreted by the babaláwo to offer guidance. This binary approach reveals the presence of sophisticated mathematical reasoning within the Yoruba cultural framework long before the formalization of binary systems in modern computing.

The binary system employed in Ifá has drawn the attention of mathematicians and scholars of information theory, who see in it a highly advanced form of binary logic. The way the Yoruba encode and interpret information through these binary systems has implications for how we understand the universality of mathematical thought and its expression in different cultures.


The Binary System in Ifá and Modern Computing

The similarities between the Yoruba Ifá divination and modern binary logic have led to a growing body of research exploring the mathematical structures underlying Ifá. In the 1960s, African mathematician and scholar Professor William Bascom studied the Ifá system extensively, noting its parallels to binary logic. He highlighted how the Yoruba’s 256 'odu' corresponded to the binary outcomes of 8-bit strings, which form the foundation of modern digital computing.

The binary logic inherent in Ifá demonstrates that mathematical thinking, especially the use of binary systems, has been present in African knowledge systems for centuries, long before it became the backbone of computers and digital technology. In Ifá, each combination of binary results offers insight into the metaphysical world, while in modern computing, binary systems form the basis of information processing and storage.

While the purposes of the two systems—divination and computing—are different, the underlying logic reflects a shared mathematical principle. This underscores the fact that African civilizations like the Yoruba were not only keeping pace with mathematical developments in other parts of the world but in some cases were pioneers in using systems that would later shape global technological advancements.


Recent Research on Yoruba Mathematics

In recent years, scholars have begun to delve more deeply into the mathematical contributions of African societies, including the Yoruba. The interdisciplinary field of ethnomathematics has played a crucial role in recognizing the sophisticated mathematical systems embedded in African cultures, which were often dismissed or overlooked by earlier scholars.

One of the pioneers in this field is Ron Eglash, an American anthropologist and mathematician, who has explored fractal patterns in African designs and architecture, including those found in Yoruba art and urban planning. Fractals, which are complex geometric shapes that can be split into parts, each of which is a reduced-size copy of the whole, are common in African design and were employed by the Yoruba in their visual and spatial arrangements.

In his work, Eglash demonstrates how the recursive patterns found in African textile design, village layouts, and religious symbols reflect sophisticated mathematical principles such as self-similarity and scaling, which are key aspects of fractal geometry. The presence of these patterns in Yoruba cultural practices suggests that African mathematical thought was not only advanced but also highly integrated into daily life, spirituality, and artistic expression.


Yoruba Mathematics in Art and Architecture

Yoruba mathematics extends beyond numeration and divination into art, design, and architecture. Geometric patterns are a hallmark of Yoruba visual culture, found in textiles, beadwork, and carvings. These designs often exhibit symmetry, repetition, and proportionality, reflecting an intuitive grasp of mathematical concepts like balance and harmony.

In Yoruba architecture, particularly in the construction of royal palaces and sacred spaces, proportionality and geometry were crucial. For example, the construction of the walls and courtyards of traditional Yoruba compounds followed specific measurements that were based on social hierarchy and cosmological beliefs. The use of geometry in these spaces was not merely decorative but had deep social and spiritual meaning, reinforcing the connection between mathematics and the sacred.

The Yoruba also employed mathematical reasoning in the creation of textiles, such as 'adire' (tie-dye) and 'aso-oke' (hand-woven cloth). The complex patterns found in these textiles, including their grid-like structures, demonstrate a deep understanding of arithmetic progression and geometric arrangement. These mathematical principles were not only used for aesthetic purposes but also encoded social and religious messages.


Yoruba Mathematics and Modern Education

Despite the rich mathematical heritage of the Yoruba people, much of this knowledge was marginalized during the colonial period, when Western mathematical systems were imposed in African educational systems. However, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional Yoruba knowledge, including mathematics, as part of broader efforts to decolonize education and recover indigenous intellectual traditions.

Today, scholars and educators are working to incorporate traditional Yoruba mathematics into the modern curriculum, highlighting its relevance and significance. By teaching young people about the mathematical systems of their ancestors, educators hope to inspire pride in African heritage while also demonstrating the universality and diversity of mathematical thought.

Moreover, modern Yoruba scholars are also exploring the application of traditional mathematical systems in contemporary problems. For example, there is growing interest in how the binary logic of Ifá could be applied to computing, decision-making algorithms, and even artificial intelligence. These efforts underscore the timeless nature of Yoruba mathematical knowledge and its potential to contribute to future technological innovations.


Conclusion

Yoruba mathematics, with its rich history and complex systems, stands as a testament to the intellectual achievements of African civilizations. From the base-20 counting system to the binary logic of Ifá divination, the Yoruba people developed sophisticated mathematical frameworks that were deeply integrated into their culture, religion, and daily life. Recent research has only begun to uncover the full extent of Yoruba mathematical contributions, revealing a legacy that continues to inspire scholars and educators around the world.

As we look to the future, it is essential to recognize and celebrate the mathematical heritage of the Yoruba people, ensuring that this knowledge is passed down to future generations and integrated into global mathematical discourse. Yoruba mathematics not only enriches our understanding of African history but also challenges the dominant narratives of mathematical development, offering new perspectives on the universality of human knowledge.

..............

xx

helinues:
Ai is not that reliable for such information

AI is the MOST IMPARTIAL AND RELIABLE SOURCE FOR SUCH INFORMATION.

It is not teleguided by racists who seek to whitewash human history.

AI has access to billions of volumes of published and suppressed information, dating back THOUSANDS OF YEARS, and will give it to you STRAIGHT when you ask for it.

I think you are a disgrace.

I'm sure if it had credited France or Germany, you would not type this.

Disgusting.

Good documentary. The future will be shaped by AI and Quantum computing. Especially AI. Many things will change and improve with AI. In the future AI will even be responsible for governance and public administration. Government will be run largely by AI, ending corruption and inefficiency. The world is heading that way and Nigeria will be in it big time. If you go on ChatGpt and ask it how the world will be in the next 500 years or more, EVERYTHING is AI driven. There will be nothing like working for a living. People will engage in their hobbies or just chill. Material comfort will be worldwide and poverty eradicated. This thing we call technology will transform the world.

In the next 30 years we will have Matter Replicators.

Something that looks like a big microwave that you will just command to produce anything from Chinese food to a tube of toothpaste, to flowers 🌸 to a pair of shoes. Instantly it’s in front of you.

There’s heavy research going on in that field now. 3D printers we have now are the first stage towards reaching Matter replicators.

That will end hunger overnight.

Ashirioluwa:
It’s very easy to know when a man is lying

NO IT'S NOT.

AFTER ALL YOU WORSHIP 'JESUS' WHO NEVER EXISTED.

IF HE DID, SHOW US THE EVIDENCE.

LastGiantAlive:
Nigeria has no territorial integrity

Typical comment from the usual animalistic devils and traitors.

tundegan:
Peter Obi is a good guy. I like him.

But he should just fold up and go back to his business.

Simple. Or maybe join PDP so he can broaden his national appeal.

But if it is this SOLO stuff he's doing, with Labour Party etc, he can never win an election.

Imagine his supporters attacking him for greeting a 90 year old Gowon whose 'crime' was that he fought to keep Nigeria ONE, which was his JOB as Head of State. To protect the territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

The same NIGERIA Obidients claim they must rule.

Without Gowon there would be no 'NIGERIA' for you to rule.

If I were Peter Obi, I would just face my business and forget these IPOB traitors backing him.

They are hopeless.

Why would NIGERIANS vote in a person supported by unpatriotic IPOB traitors who hate the country?

At most he will contest, lose, and his followers will claim he won and was rigged out.

Same old same old..

WHEN IGBOS ARE READY TO BECOME NIGERIANS AGAIN, THEN MAYBE.

BUT FOR NOW?

Forget it.

Once any Igbo candidate is backed by these TOXIC TRIBALISTS, he can never win a Nigerian Presidential Election.

You can take that to the bank.

Raf4:
They are both hateful and bitter. That's how they are born and raised.
Someone (PWS) who supported, defended and was jailed for the cause of their biafra celebrated his 90th birthday recently and they were all raining insults on him. GYG who ended the war,
accpted and reintegrate them back is celebrating his 90th birthday now and they're showing the same hatred. Are they the only people on earth?

Igbos are PSYCHOPATHS. I'm Igbo but I hardly relate with them. I've never seen a people so tribalistic.

Yet, in their tens of millions, they live all over the same Nigeria they hate, refusing to return home to their Eldorado.

How do you explain such toxicity?

Joshcoli:
If Obi or Atiku were in charge right now and we were suffering like this, you'd be tearing them apart, calling them out for every failure. Yet here you are, blindly defending a government that's crushing people, destroying businesses, and suffocating any chance of productivity in the name of reforms. How can you live with yourself? It's like you've sold your soul to the filth of tribalism, completely abandoning the truth.

Nigerians only wants a good life

IF PETER OBI WAS IN CHARGE (AND WE WERE SUFFERING LIKE THIS), YOU WOULD BE DEFENDING HIM, AND SAYING HE IS TRYING TO FIX THE ECONOMY.


SO SHUT YOUR TRAP. HYPOCRITE!

NwekereNdokl:
Onitsha amaka

Yeah....

Nigeria is a ''zoo'' and a ''shithole'' EXCEPT when it is time to display and show off your own section of Nigeria.

Then suddenly it is no longer ''a zoo'' and a ''shithole'' and a ''failed state'', but actually has beautiful places we should all admire with you.

Selfish, useless, stupid tribalists.

illicit:
Not bad tho

D dj be like Hilda Baci

I even thought it was her. They look so alike.

The girl is so fine...

I have a weakness for female DJs.

They just do something to my system. I can't explain.

Lavor234:
So with the fuel subsidy we were getting trillions in FDIs. Nigeria became a tech hub, the biggest market for GSM IN Africa.

So u are saying that fuel subsidy had to be removed so that everything could be destroyed.
True true una no well.

YOU WERE BORROWING THE MONEY FOR FUEL SUBSIDY!!!

10 BILLION DOLLARS A YEAR WITH INTEREST.

DO YOU HAVE A WORKING BRAIN AT ALL?

IS IT YOUR FATHER OR YOUR MOTHER THAT WILL PAY BACK THAT MONEY?

SO BECAUSE YOU WANT AN EASY LIFE, YOU WILL THROW YOUR GRANDKIDS INTO DEBT THEY CAN'T REPAY?

GET OFF YOUR LAZY BEHIND AND INCREASE YOUR INCOME.

YOU HAVE BEEN GIVEN EDUCATION.

YOU HAVE BEEN GIVEN INTERNET AND DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY.

YOU CAN LEARN ANY SKILL FOR FREE AND OFFER YOUR SERVICES.

WHAT IS YOUR PROBLEM?

USELESS, LAZY NIGERIAN YOUTHS.

IN THIS SAME NIGERIA ONE SMALL BOY TOOK HIS PHONE CAMERA ROUND AND STARTED FILMING INTERESTING SCENES IN LAGOS AND POSTING THEM ON HIS YOUTUBE CHANNEL.

TODAY HE HAS A MILLION + SUBSCRIBERS.

MAKING OVER 20,000 DOLLARS A MONTH, CASH.

WITH ZERO INVESTMENT! APART FROM MAYBE TRANSPORT MONEY TO GO AROUND, PLUS DATA. FINISH!

DO YOU THINK HE CARES ABOUT THE PRICE OF TOMATO OR GARRI OR PETROL TODAY?

RUBBISH.

ABEG COMMOT FOR MY FACE OJARE.

USELESS YOUTH.

YOU USE YOUR OWN PHONE TO GO ON SOCIAL MEDIA TO ABUSE TINUBU AND 'NIGERIA'.

MUMU.

DON'T DO SOMETHING USEFUL WITH YOURSELF, YOU HEAR?

The comment section on this YT video is on FIRE, as peeps from various countries all over the world register their presence at this Nigerian party!!

Naija to the World indeed!


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xd4oIP6Uws

iamtoofan:
Dont get fooled, reforms that erodes purchasing power, strangulate businesses and worsen the currency value thats surely not a reform. it is draconian policies

it is not about the years, a reforms should read "growth" and must reflect no matter how small.

Tinubu is foolishly pushing a world bank reform that is projected to materialize only after 15yrs, does it mean tinubu is not aware max he can only spend 8yrs .. what happens when another govt comes on board and do otherwise

So our sacrifice for 4 or 8yrs under Tinubu will just go like that, Dubai developed before our very eye, was there hardship, did business have to die before Dubia rose.

Economic theories should be implored in accordance with each country peculiarity

MR MAN, THERE IS NOTHING THE WORLD BANK IS TELLING US TO DO WHICH WE WOULD NOT HAVE DONE ANYWAY!

That 10 billion dollar a year we were BORROWING to pay subsidies, it was not the IMF or World Bank that said 'stop it'. It was BUHARI who saw that it was BANKRUPTING THE NATION, and put a halt to it. Omitting it in the budget he handed to Tinubu.

The TRUTH is that Nigeria was living on BORROWED MONEY FOR FUEL SUBSIDIES.

And as the population grew, you required MORE MONEY FOR SUBSIDIES.

How the hell is that sustainable?

Continuing with the subsidies would have meant we would have become like Zimbabwe or Venezuela, or Sri Lanka , where the economies totally crashed, and went bankrupt, because their debts overwhelmed them and nobody would lend them any more money.

IS THAT WHAT YOU WANT?

Because if you think things are hard now, THAT would make it 10 times worse.

stuffs2002:
You must be talking about a different China that no one knows about. No country in this planet that the development grew exponentially in a few years. Your hatred for your president is making you see things that are not real.

DON'T MIND THESE LAZY NIGERIANS.

IF YOU KNOW WHAT CHINA WENT THROUGH TO GET TO WHERE THEY ARE TODAY!!!

China BANNED the importation of CARS for SEVERAL DECADES and said ''Oya everyone ride bicycles till we learn how to build our own cars!''
They banned almost every import for many decades up till the 90s when they finally opened up, after THEY had become self sufficient and competitive.

Millions were killed and jailed by the Chinese ruling party for opposing those reforms.

They were able to succeed because they were a DICTATORSHIP and still are. No democracy would have accepted those reforms, because they were extremely painful.

This Kperogi guy is VERY DEVIOUS AND MISCHIEVOUS.

Notice he never mentioned the real cause of the economic hardship, which was the REMOVAL OF FUEL SUBSIDIES.

Does he support our continued borrowing of 10 billion dollars a year to pay for petrol subsidies?

A country whose annual budget is 35 billion dollars?

HE IS SILENT ON THAT.

He just wants to point fingers and blame IMF, blame govt etc, WITHOUT STATING HIS POSITION ON THE WAY FORWARD.

Did you see him offer any alternative to the current path?

OF COURSE NOT.

Because he KNOWS there is no other feasible way to move forward.

Blasted crooked man.