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From skin rashes to blood clots, COVID-19 patients are reporting a number of unusual effects of their infections


While most people are familiar with the hallmark symptoms of COVID-19 by now—cough, fever, muscle aches, headaches and difficulty breathing—a new crop of medical conditions are emerging from the more than 4 million confirmed cases of the disease around the world.
These include skin rashes, diarrhea, kidney abnormalities and potentially life-threatening blood clots. It’s not unusual for viruses to directly infect and affect different tissues and organs in the body, but it is a bit unusual for a primarily respiratory virus like SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for COVID-19, to have such a wide-ranging reach in the body. “We see a number of other viruses affect so many different organs in the body,” says Dr. Kristin Englund, an infectious disease expert at the Cleveland Clinic. “But do we see influenza, or other respiratory viruses spread to so many different organs? Not usually.”
The reports of these non-respiratory effects started to build as doctors began treating more and more patients, and much of current scientific understanding of them is still in the early stages, and not confirmed with rigorous studies. But recognizing they exist could help health care professions spot them sooner, and possibly minimize their effects on patients’ health. Here’s a rundown of what the science says, so far, about these lesser-known effects of the disease.

Nairalandmonika:
It's a scam in delta and many other states in Nigeria.

em dey cash out

nickvanilla:
This is a great piece. Well done OP

thank yue

A Sicilian fresco from 1445. In the previous century, the Black Death killed at least a third of Europe’s population.

Disinfecting an autopsy table at a plague hospital in Mukden, China, in 1910, during a wave of pneumonic plague, also caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis.







Source: https://apple.news/A3GPgXMtWQVuvgsXnn6CgoA

Dissecting rats in New Orleans in 1914 for signs that they might be carrying bubonic plague.

Edward Jenner, one of the early developers of the smallpox vaccine, inoculating a child from the disease in 1796.

After sweeping through the world, that flu faded away, evolving into a variant of the more benign flu that comes around every year.
“Maybe it was like a fire that, having burned the available and easily accessible wood, burns down,” Dr. Snowden said.
It ended socially, too. World War I was over; people were ready for a fresh start, a new era, and eager to put the nightmare of disease and war behind them. Until recently, the 1918 flu was largely forgotten.
Other flu pandemics followed, none so bad but all nonetheless sobering. In the Hong Kong flu of 1968, one million people died worldwide, including 100,000 in the United States, mostly people older than 65. That virus still circulates as a seasonal flu, and its initial path of destruction — and the fear that went with it — is rarely recalled.



HOW WILL COVID-19 END?
Will that happen with Covid-19?
One possibility, historians say, is that the coronavirus pandemic could end socially before it ends medically. People may grow so tired of the restrictions that they declare the pandemic over, even as the virus continues to smolder in the population and before a vaccine or effective treatment is found.
“I think there is this sort of social psychological issue of exhaustion and frustration,” the Yale historian Naomi Rogers said. “We may be in a moment when people are just saying: ‘That’s enough. I deserve to be able to return to my regular life.’”
It is happening already; in some states, governors have lifted restrictions, allowing hair salons, nail salons and gyms to reopen, in defiance of warnings by public health officials that such steps are premature. As the economic catastrophe wreaked by the lockdowns grows, more and more people may be ready to say “enough.”
“There is this sort of conflict now,” Dr. Rogers said. Public health officials have a medical end in sight, but some members of the public see a social end.
“Who gets to claim the end?” Dr. Rogers said. “If you push back against the notion of its ending, what are you pushing back against? What are you claiming when you say, ‘No, it is not ending.’”
The challenge, Dr. Brandt said, is that there will be no sudden victory. Trying to define the end of the epidemic “will be a long and difficult process.”

By Gina Kolata...

An infectious outbreak can conclude in more ways than one, historians say. But for whom does it end, and who gets to decide?

When will the Covid-19 pandemic end? And how?
According to historians, pandemics typically have two types of endings: the medical, which occurs when the incidence and death rates plummet, and the social, when the epidemic of fear about the disease wanes.
“When people ask, ‘When will this end?,’ they are asking about the social ending,” said Dr. Jeremy Greene, a historian of medicine at Johns Hopkins.
In other words, an end can occur not because a disease has been vanquished but because people grow tired of panic mode and learn to live with a disease. Allan Brandt, a Harvard historian, said something similar was happening with Covid-19: “As we have seen in the debate about opening the economy, many questions about the so-called end are determined not by medical and public health data but by sociopolitical processes.”
Endings “are very, very messy,” said Dora Vargha, a historian at the University of Exeter. “Looking back, we have a weak narrative. For whom does the epidemic end, and who gets to say?”


IN THE PATH OF FEAR:
An epidemic of fear can occur even without an epidemic of illness. Dr. Susan Murray, of the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, saw that firsthand in 2014 when she was a fellow at a rural hospital in Ireland.
In the preceding months, more than 11,000 people in West Africa had died from Ebola, a terrifying viral disease that was highly infectious and often fatal. The epidemic seemed to be waning, and no cases had occurred in Ireland, but the public fear was palpable.
“On the street and on the wards, people are anxious,” Dr. Murray recalled recently in an article in The New England Journal of Medicine. “Having the wrong color skin is enough to earn you the side-eye from your fellow passengers on the bus or train. Cough once, and you will find them shuffling away from you.”
The Dublin hospital workers were warned to prepare for the worst. They were terrified, and worried that they lacked protective equipment. When a young man arrived in the emergency room from a country with Ebola patients, no one wanted to go near him; nurses hid, and doctors threatened to leave the hospital.
Dr. Murray alone dared treat him, she wrote, but his cancer was so advanced that all she could offer was comfort care. A few days later, tests confirmed that the man did not have Ebola; he died an hour later. Three days afterward, the World Health Organization declared the Ebola epidemic over.
Dr. Murray wrote: “If we are not prepared to fight fear and ignorance as actively and as thoughtfully as we fight any other virus, it is possible that fear can do terrible harm to vulnerable people, even in places that never see a single case of infection during an outbreak. And a fear epidemic can have far worse consequences when complicated by issues of race, privilege, and language.”


BLACK DEATH AND DARK MEMORIES:
Bubonic plague has struck several times in the past 2,000 years, killing millions of people and altering the course of history. Each epidemic amplified the fear that came with the next outbreak.
The disease is caused by a strain of bacteria, Yersinia pestis, that lives on fleas that live on rats. But bubonic plague, which became known as the Black Death, also can be passed from infected person to infected person through respiratory droplets, so it cannot be eradicated simply by killing rats.
Historians describe three great waves of plague, said Mary Fissell, a historian at Johns Hopkins: the Plague of Justinian, in the sixth century; the medieval epidemic, in the 14th century; and a pandemic that struck in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The medieval pandemic began in 1331 in China. The illness, along with a civil war that was raging at the time, killed half the population of China. From there, the plague moved along trade routes to Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. In the years between 1347 and 1351, it killed at least a third of the European population. Half of the population of Siena, Italy, died.
“It is impossible for the human tongue to recount the awful truth,” wrote the 14th-century chronicler Agnolo di Tura. “Indeed, one who did not see such horribleness can be called blessed.” The infected, he wrote, “swell beneath the armpits and in their groins, and fall over while talking.” The dead were buried in pits, in piles.
In Florence, wrote Giovanni Boccaccio, “No more respect was accorded to dead people than would nowadays be accorded to dead goats.” Some hid in their homes. Others refused to accept the threat. Their way of coping, Boccaccio wrote, was to “drink heavily, enjoy life to the full, go round singing and merrymaking, and gratify all of one’s cravings when the opportunity emerged, and shrug the whole thing off as one enormous joke.”
That pandemic ended, but the plague recurred. One of the worst outbreaks began in China in 1855 and spread worldwide, killing more than 12 million in India alone. Health authorities in Bombay burned whole neighborhoods trying to rid them of the plague. “Nobody knew if it made a difference,” the Yale historian Frank Snowden said.

It is not clear what made the bubonic plague die down. Some scholars have argued that cold weather killed the disease-carrying fleas, but that would not have interrupted the spread by the respiratory route, Dr. Snowden noted.
Or perhaps it was a change in the rats. By the 19th century, the plague was being carried not by black rats but by brown rats, which are stronger and more vicious and more likely to live apart from humans.
“You certainly wouldn’t want one for a pet,” Dr. Snowden said.
Another hypothesis is that the bacterium evolved to be less deadly. Or maybe actions by humans, such as the burning of villages, helped quell the epidemic.
The plague never really went away. In the United States, infections are endemic among prairie dogs in the Southwest and can be transmitted to people. Dr. Snowden said that one of his friends became infected after a stay at a hotel in New Mexico. The previous occupant of his room had a dog, which had fleas that carried the microbe.
Such cases are rare, and can now be successfully treated with antibiotics, but any report of a case of the plague stirs up fear.


ONE DISEASE THAT ACTUALLY ENDED:
Among the diseases to have achieved a medical end is smallpox. But it is exceptional for several reasons: There is an effective vaccine, which gives lifelong protection; the virus, Variola major, has no animal host, so eliminating the disease in humans meant total elimination; and its symptoms are so unusual that infection is obvious, allowing for effective quarantines and contact tracing.
But while it still raged, smallpox was horrific. Epidemic after epidemic swept the world, for at least 3,000 years. Individuals infected with the virus developed a fever, then a rash that turned into pus-filled spots, which became encrusted and fell off, leaving scars. The disease killed three out of 10 of its victims, often after immense suffering.
In 1633, an epidemic among Native Americans “disrupted all the native communities in the northeast and certainly facilitated English settlement in Massachusetts,” said Harvard historian Dr. David S. Jones. William Bradford, leader of the Plymouth colony, wrote an account of the disease in Native Americans, saying the broken pustules would effectively glue a patient’s skin to the mat he lay on, only to be torn off. Bradford wrote: “When they turn them, a whole side will flay off at once as it were, and they will be all of a gore blood, most fearful to behold.”
The last person to contract smallpox naturally was Ali Maow Maalin, a hospital cook in Somalia, in 1977. He recovered, only to die of malaria in 2013.


FORGOTTEN INFLUENZAS:
The 1918 flu is held up today as the example of the ravages of a pandemic and the value of quarantines and social distancing. Before it ended, the flu killed 50 million to 100 million people worldwide. It preyed on young to middle-aged adults — orphaning children, depriving families of breadwinners, killing troops in the midst of World War I.
In the autumn of 1918, Victor Vaughan, a prominent doctor, was dispatched to Camp Devens near Boston to report on a flu that was raging there. He saw “hundreds of stalwart young men in the uniform of their country, coming into the wards of the hospital in groups of ten or more,” he wrote. “They are placed on the cots until every bed is full, yet others crowd in. Their faces soon wear a bluish cast, a distressing cough brings up blood stained sputum. In the morning the dead bodies are stacked up in the morgue like cord wood.”
The virus, he wrote, “demonstrated the inferiority of human inventions in the destruction of human life.”

Emeks008:
I don't need to join argument with you. I don't need to stoop so low on a faceless forum.
Am done with u. bye

its now a faceless forum? Whn u were rushing to drop a negative comment, u didn’t brand it faceless! Freedom of speech Abok!

...

Hungry, scared and tired, scores of sex workers in Mexico City have been forced to live on the streets as fear of contracting the coronavirus keeps clients away and the government shuttered the hotels where many of them lived and worked.

Now they sleep under makeshift tents and on sidewalks, relying on social workers and handouts for what little they have been able to eat, and on each other to fend off attackers and criminals.


"They literally put us out on the streets. We've been on the street for a week; before we lived in the hotels," said Marina Rojano, who has been a sex worker for 24 years.

Another woman, Jazmin Carrillo, said she was jolted awake on the sidewalk earlier this week when two men tried to forcibly remove her pants.

"I defended myself as best I could, I screamed for the others to help," said Carrillo.

The government estimates there are around 7,000 prostitutes in Mexico City.

In an effort to contain the spread of the coronavirus, which has infected 3,181 people and killed 174 in Mexico so far, city authorities deemed hotels non-essential and ordered them shut.

"We spoke to the hotels about not removing the sex workers living there ... but they shouldn't be working because we're in the middle of an international health crisis," a spokesman for the Mexico City government said.

But hotels in the working-class Tabacalera neighborhood had signs saying "no service due to official orders," and removed sex workers, forcing them to set up tarps and line the sidewalks, according to a Reuters witness and dozens of interviews with prostitutes.

The city government said it was setting up shelters for them and is handing out "COVID-19 emergency support" cards with 1,000 pesos - around $42 - for food and medicine.

"Nobody can live off 1,000 pesos," said Rojano.

Still, sex workers said any help was welcome and on Wednesday hundreds lined up for a card.

Some have decided to stop working, but for others, hunger and the need to support a family mean that is not an option even if they lack the means to protect themselves from the coronavirus.

"If they don't even have enough money to eat, how are they going to pay for a face mask, antibacterial gel, gloves? They don't even have money for coffee, or food," said Kenya Cuevas, who runs Casa de las Muñecas, a shelter for transsexual sex workers.

Emeks008:
Mr man, respect yourself. You just open your mouth and threw up gibberish. Asking me weytin I sabi; if u sabi weytin I sabi, u will thank ur god. For you info, am not idle.

see as u dey give urself hope


On dat 1st line u were talking like a sensible fellow and on the other line u sounded like a dumb ass

At least the guy get handwrk, werin be the thang wey u sabi wey u dey say I go thank God if I sabi em?? U dey pick pocket? U jus dey jamTalk

ZINIBANKS:
Guy good or no good there is possibility that through her I will leave this poo-hole and when I reach there am going to make my own decisions

u’re thinking like a w.h.o.r.e

Emeks008:
Haba. He should have honour the young artist na. Although the art work isn't perfect but he should have encouraged him.


But this art work no follow o.... Lol

are u encouraging him by making such comment abt his artwork? Werin u sabi? Wht are u good at?

comradewanle:
You need to isolate yourself for 14 days. Cos with the way you reason, covik 1-9 must have affected your brain.

rtdCivilservant:
What will happen? Patapata u will be counted among the dead.

eyaa! RIP in advs

Personally, I don’t think the virus is just going to disappear.

After people get bored, and tired of self isolating, and when the government tells everyone they can go back to work and re open Disney world and movie theaters and restaurants, it’s going to make a full comeback.

We’re preventing as much as we can now, but at some point the virus is going to take its course through everyone, and whoever survives, survives. It’s deadly for a lot of people, and it’s sad, but we don’t have the power to erase this virus, if we did nobody would get any kind of illness. They say it’ll be a year or three before there’s a vaccine available.. life cannot go on for years like this. It would truly be an apocalypse, and as of now even, life isn’t going to be the same ever again.

We as humans, haven’t been very kind to this earth. Pollution, deforestation, millions of animals (wild and domesticated) slaughtered at any given moment, we’re kind of parasitic, and this is kind of the earths way of clearing out a lot of the problems, nature always finds a way.

I’m scared of the state of the world right now for him, I hope this will pass with the best case scenario of only having to sit in our houses for a few weeks but I am doubtful. Hoping for the best but I’m expecting the worst.

(Its also speculated that a bat infected a pangolin, and that pangolin was poached, it’s blood got into the eye of the butcher and this is how it all started) I’m not sure how true that is plus I don’t know what to believe! all I know is that karma is a real thing, and maybe people should think twice before killing innocent lives of any animal, because you never know what will be the next coronavirus...

extol1:
thank God for this quarantine, that you have just noticing

Exactly, Na the quarantine dey make u drop negative comment. Jus keep staying negative fo’ u test positive

see as u sharply take cover as if u noticed b4 now, picture below would show u d date and time I got dat screenshot...

...

Moralgladiator:
Forget their feminism,most of them still submit sheepishly secretly to men later even worse than this beautiful lady. It's just their hypocritical noise we hate

ure correct

In Great Fela’s voice

I want tell you about lady

Lady na master...


RIP Great Fela

PerfectMaster:
your logic is flawed, women also need men to fulfill their sexual needs except you want to tell me most women are lesbians?
Inspite of so called women empowerment yet the number of call girls and prostitutes keep increasing because the easiest way for women to make money is through men.
Why is sperm bank becoming more popular? Where do they get the sperm from?
Without men civilization cannot exist, whatever women are enjoying today is because men built it.
Without men civilization will crumble to dust.

The primary reason men need women is for offspring and sexual needs.
Women also need children and without a man it is impossible to get them.

ur wisdom is intact perfectMaster

godofuck231:
the bible prophesied this, women would beg men just t answer his name, with the rising economic challenges and stress put n the men most prefer not' to be married because having a wife in a hard situation will cause him more stress, take the case if Germany and Italy , lots of old aged people dying, where are the young, the men are on the run because the women in Italy have a high life attitude, expensive wines, clothes, cars and all
German women are nags and stress the men when the man defaults she frames him r calls the police on him or divorce him and remain lonely, she most times settles for black immigrants because of sex and high tolerance for fear of deportation, there's a high demand of men world wide and some ignorant women still dont know the reality, the longevity of a man's life and any marriage rests in the attitude and tolerance of the woman.

well said

A certain lady on Twitter has sparked a debate on the micro-blogging site about men and women.

This lady whose name was Queen Bin Laden took to her handle to tell her fellow ladies that they should work on their personalities and attitude because men can survive with or without.

The lady wrote,
“Men of today can cook, clean & do laundry. Basically they can do all chores & they can finance their lifestyle


So stop acting like these black men need you just because you have a big ass & juicy pvssy



Work on ur personality & attitude because with or without you he will survive


These black men are so independent and they work very hard…as a matter of fact, “we need them more than they need us”


Honestly, most women just squirt and fart…that’s basically their contribution in a relationship



Sometimes she doesn’t love you, she loves how available you are to her financial needs.


That is why most of the time when a man lose his job he also lose his woman”

Werin una think

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