Please support your point with relevant hadith's and Qur'an surah

Indeed, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone alters [to other than Allah ], and divining arrows are from the work of Satan, so avoid it to be successful. {Quran 5:90}

The general word used is "Khamr (intoxicant)". This is "psychoactive drug," and it is any chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, or consciousness when used or inhaled. Ethanol, cocaine, heroine, etc fall within this group.


First, you need to realize that Alcohol is a general name for organic substance with hydroxyl functional group - OH.

It is divided into 3: primary alcohol, Secondary and tertiary depending on the number of -OH attached.

Common example of Primary alcohol is Ethanol, Methanol etc. They contains ONE -OH group and therefore very reactive and intoxicate when consumed or inhaled.

Secondary/Tertiary alcohol has more than one -OH group; and do not intoxicate. Example: Glycerine, propylene glycol etc.
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* Any consumable substances that contains Ethanol to the degree of intoxication to anyone is Haram. However, some scholars argued based on this hadith of the holy Prophet {"Anything intoxicant in large quantity, even in small quantity (qalil) is Haram- that even if any consumable substance contain a small quantity of intoxicant (that might not necessarily affect) is still Haram.

A Little Analysis
Drugs
In pharmaceutical Industry, various kind of Alcohol are being used. For example, Syrup (liquid drugs) largely contain sugar + water to make syrupy liquid. Alcohol needed to be added to retard and prevent recrystallization of sugar (i.e caking). Polyhydric alcohol (secondary or tertiary alcohols) are the best in this regard. Some however use Ethanol because of its cheap price and easy assess.

The process of making Sugar syrup (sugar + water) involve application of heat to boiling. And adding Ethanol (to prevent sugar recrystallization) while still boiling might eventually get rid of the Ethanol since it evaporate above 78degree centigrade.
Mostly, many companies do not undergo this process; thereby, Ethanol is retain in the syrup. And many also use Ethanol to dissolve various materials that water cannot necessarily dissolve. Here, the % of Ethanol is very low; I do not know any Islamic ruling on this but I think its better to avoid it as a necessary precaution.

There are some companies that Totally avoid Ethanol in their drugs, and they write it "Ethanol-free" on their products.

In some Tablet drugs, Ethanol is used during mixing of various materials (Wet Granulation). But in the second stage of Drying (of mixed material) through a Fluid-Bed Dryer, ALL the liquid used are dried and get rid off. They are mostly Free of Ethanol.

Perfumes
Note that it is only when intoxicated alcohol (Ethanol, Methanol etc) is consumed oraly or inhaled that it becomes Haram. The fact that Ethanol evaporates easily even at room temperature, when used as part of perfume or first aid treatment, is not Haram in anyway.
Question: Is Ethanol of the family of alcohol that causes drunkenness? What about using this and other families of alcohol that are synthesized from petroleum and are used in perfume, medicine etc? Are they najis and cannot be used during prayer?

Answer: According to Grand Ayatullah Sistani alcohol is taher (ritually clean) but it is not permissible to drink it. Using perfume and medicines mixed with alcohol is permissible.
www.sistani.org/english/qa/01123/

GENERAL RULING - According to the Fatwa of Ayatullah 'Ali Sistani (may Allah preserve him and raise his station)

Najis things » Alcoholic liquor
112. All Alcoholic liquors and beverages which intoxicate a person, are najis and on the basis of recommended precaution, everything which is originally liquid and intoxicates a person, is najis. Hence narcotics, like, opium and hemp, which are not liquid originally, are Pak, even when a liquid is added to them.

113. All kinds of industrial alcohol used for painting doors, windows, tables, chairs etc. are Pak.

114. If grapes or grape juice ferments by itself, or on being cooked, they are Pak, but it is haraam to eat or drink them.

115. If dates, currants and raisins, and their juice ferment, they are Pak and it is halal to eat them.

Mutahhirat » Transformation (Istihala)
196. If a najis thing undergoes such a change, that it assumes the category of a Pak thing it becomes Pak; for example, if a najis wood burns and is reduced to ashes, or a dog falls in a salt-marsh and transforms into salt, it becomes Pak. But a thing do es not become Pak if its essence or category does not change; like, if wheat is ground into flour, or is used for baking bread, it does not become Pak.

197. Any earthenware which is made of najis clay, is najis. But coal derived from najis wood will be Pak, if it has no semblance of its origin.

198. A najis thing about which it is not known whether it has undergone any transformation (Istihala) or not, remains najis.
www.sistani.org/english/book/48/

Allah knows best

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