(a) Government policies

The type of policies introduced by governments in the running of a country could be a source of conflict. In most Africa countries, government's educational and economic policies are often so adverse that people easily become hypertensive, disillusioned and tend to lose confidence in their governments. The Structural
Adjustment Programme (SAP) of the early 1980's, increase in the pump price of petroleum products and increase in the price of building materials and school fees are good example.


(b) Bad Leadership and Mismanagement

Money laundering, economic sabotage, misplacement of priorities, stealing in the highest order and general mismanagement of our economic by leaders will often breed conflict among the workers and the general citizenry. The result of this may be conflict and violence, which may lead to unwarranted destruction of lives and properties. A coup plot may equally be the consequence. Leaders in Africa are known to be corrupt, selfish and only promote ethnic and sectional loyalties. By their selfish and divide rule behaviour they encourage people to neglect national interest only to resort to fighting one another, resulting finally in violence.

(C) Resource Allocation

The politics of fiscal, federalism in Nigeria has always reared different unwanted problems. A good example is the way some States, communities and tribes are marginalised. ( The Niger Delta is a classic example) . resources are not distributed equitably in most Africa States thereby breeding conflict and violence.

(d) State and Religion

Most African states are heterogeneous in character, housing peoples of different tribes, customs, traditions, religions, etc a situation that makes governance difficult, because locality question is always in doubt. In Nigeria, for instance, the Northern part of the country are synonymous with religious conflict and violence because of difference among the Hausa - Fulani Muslims and the Igbo Christians.

(e) Labour Legislation

If the labour laws contain provisions that do not protect the interest of the workers effectively, the reaction of the workers may be directed against such laws and this can also breed conflict and finally culminate in violence.

(f) Ethnicity

Nigeria is made up of different ethnic groups which no sociologist or anthropologist can correctly classified. The heterogeneous nature of the Nigerian state is not peculiar to Nigeria alone but also applicable to a host of other Africa countries. This diversity manifests as difference in culture, religion, beliefs, customs, traditions, values, norms, interest and orientations. Because what one ethnic group in a state wants could differ from what the other wants, conflict and violence could result.

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