Meaning of conflict and violence

The new Webster's Dictionary of the English language, international edition defines violence as use of physical force so as to damage or injure; intense natural force or energy; an abusive use of force, passion, fury... In the same vein it defines conflict as "armed fighting, a war, a struggle between opposing aims, a clash of feeling of interest; to be at variance, clash, to struggle, contend.
Just like other concept in the social
and behaviourial sciences, conflict lack a generally acceptable definition. The word conflict connotes quarrel, fight, struggle, different idea, opposing aims. Conflict refers to the wide range of arguments, tensions and violent acts that occur both within and between States.

Hampton (1978) asserts that conflict is a struggle over value or claims to status, power and scarce resources in which the claims of the conflicting parties are not only to gain the desired values but also to neutralise, injure or eliminate their rivals. In other words, conflict is the pursuit of incompatible or at least seemingly incompatible goals such that gains to one side come about at the expense of the other.

Conflict emerges wherever at least one party or person perceives that one or more of his goals or purposes or preferences or means for achieving such goals or preferences are being threatened or hindered by the intention or activities of one or more other parties.

Conflicts, therefore, are manifest behaviours which take the form of internal disagreement, open fight, arson, abuse, murder, blackmail, litigation, and all sorts of negative actions, which tend to threaten a society and thus undermine the safety and stability of the citizenry in the society.

TYPES OF CONFLICT
Discussing conflict types is an exposition of its causes and dynamics. Conflict type include the following:

(1). INTRA PERSONAL CONFLICT
(2). INTER PERSONAL CONFLICT
(3). GROUP CONFLICT
(4). DIRECT CONFLICT
(5). STRUCTURAL CONFLICT
(6). SYMMETRIC CONFLICT
(7). ASYMMETRIC CONFLICT
(. APPROACH AVOIDANCE CONFLICT
(9). DOUBLE APPROACH CONFLICT
(10). DOUBLE AVOIDANCE CONFLICT
(11). OPEN CONFLICT
(13). SUPPRESSED CONFLICT
(14). TWO FACETS OF VIOLENCE
(15). SOCIAL VIOLENCE.

INTRA PERSONAL CONFLICT
This is the conflict that occurs within an individual. A good example is such personal conflict as choice of marriage partner, moral issues ( i.e ascertaining if what one intends to do is right or wrong),
goals; (one should pursue a goal at all cost and forget integrity), aspiration; (should one accept a career to earn a lot of money at the detriment of one's family) etc

INTER PERSONAL CONFLICT
This conflict occurs between two or more individuals: for example. If a child wants to go to school but the father wants him to learn a trade instead. The child may want to be educated so as to achieve his life long ambition, but the father is opposed to that, because he wants his son to make quick money. Here is interpersonal conflict.

GROUP CONFLICT: Group conflict could be intra group conflict ( within members of the same group) for example, members of the same club having conflict over their mode of dressing. In the same vein, inter group conflict ( among different groups) occurs when different clubs or associations or organization are in conflict.. Conflict can also be categorized in to direct and structural conflicts.

DIRECT CONFLICT : This is a situation where conflict arises from riots, demonstrations, disagreement, war, etc. And leaves a serious wound on individuals.

STRUCTURAL CONFLICT: The standard of living, untold hardship, suppression and oppression, suffered by the populace result to structural conflicts.

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