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The History Of Ikwerre People - Culture - Nairaland

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Origin Of Ikwerre Denial Of Igbo Root! (A Political View) / Aniomas And Ikwerre People Have Not Learned From History So Sad. / Are There Two Types Of Ikwerre? (2) (3) (4)

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The History Of Ikwerre People by chrisxxx(m): 4:22pm On Jul 30, 2017
THE HISTORY OF IKWERRE PEOPLE.

Majority of the Ikwerre settlements have their roots traceable from the old Benin Empire.” Iwhnurọhna people descended from the ancient Bini Kingdom. The name of the grand ancestor is Akalaka. Their relations in Rivers State are Ekpeye and Ogba people. The reigning Oba of Benin when Akalaka, the ancestor of Ihruọha (later called Iwhnurọhna) fled was Oba Ewuare (Ogwaro). Akalaka, a member of the Benin royal family, fled in the 13th century on allegation of plotting assassination of the Oba. He died in 1462. Iwhnurọhna his third son settled east of the Sombrero River by 1538 AD, as detailed below.
Chief N.M.T. Solomon (2004), native of Ikodu Ubie in Ekpeyeland, in his narrative draws heavily from the now authenticated written historical records delivered by various informed sources including “Eketu (Weber) of
Ubeta, assumed to have lived for over two hundred (200) years as the oldest man in all Ekpeye, Ogba and Iwhnurọhna (or Ikwerre), at that time (and) was asked to narrate the history and customs of Ekpeye people” as unfolded in his lifetime. Here is what he said, which has been validated by the accounts of the current generation through responses to our questionnaires and direct interviews thereby increasing our level of confidence on the data: Ekpeye, born in Benin, was the first of the three sons of Akalaka. While in Ndoni, he married a second wife to gain the love and favour of the people. The new wife gave birth to a son, which he named Ogba. Akalaka was still in Ndoni when his first wife, the mother of Ekpeye, gave birth to his third son called Ihruoha (Ikwerre). Similar historical fact by J.N. Olise (1971) averred that: “Akalaka, a member of the Benin royal family, fled with his wife from Benin to Ndoni, a community located close to the
River Niger, to save the life of his new born baby (Ekpeye)… While at Ndoni, Akalaka took a second wife. … Akalaka had two sons, Ekpeye – born to him by his Benin wife, and Ogba – born to him by his Ndoni wife. According to F.E. Otuwarikpo (1994): "After the death of Akalaka in 1462 AD, his two sons, Ekpeye and Ogba had conflict, which compelled Ogba, the younger son, to move northwards where he founded Ohiakwo (Obigwe) and settled with his family. Ekpeye who remained at Ula-Ubie had seven sons – Ubie, Akoh, Upata, Igbuduya, Ekpe, Awala and Asa. The last three sons – Ekpe, Awala and Asa crossed to the other side of Sombreiro River (present day Ikwerreland and
settled there since 1538 AD.” He added that: “Ekpe migrated to present day Rumuekpe and spread through Elele (Alimini), Ndele, Wezina (ogbakiri) Rumuji and part of Ibaa. Awala migrated to present day Isiokpo …” Amadi-Nna (1993) also said Akalaka migrated with his half brother called Ochichi from the area of Benin Empire.
Ochichi sons were Ele (Omerele, now Elele), Elu (Elumuoha, now Omerelu), Egbe (Egbeda) and Mini (Alimini, Isiokpo). The crucial point here, which is of great importance in tracing the joint origin of the ancestors of the Old Ahoada Division (in the Governor Diete-Spiff administration), is the mention of the number of children that AkaIaka had namely: Ekpeye, Ogba and Ihru ọ ha (Ikwerre). It is noteworthy that the pedigree and name of Ikwerre people, Iwhnurọhna, obviously took its root from this original name – Ihruọha. Chief Solomon therefore establishes a very vital historical link, which has been missing in literature on Ikwerre origin that would assume more significance in the discourses of Ikwerre genealogy in the future – the fact that Akalaka was the direct father of Ihru ọha (Ikwerre). Iwhnurọhna, in Ikwerre parlance, means the face of the community (town, city or village). Nigerian colonial history records that the name "Ikwerre"
was given by the colonial administration when they wanted to acquire the Rebisi waterfront to build the wharf. Using an Ibo interpreter to talk to the illiterate Rebisi (Port Harcourt) chiefs, they asked them: Would you permit us to use the waterfront to build the wharf for ships to berth? And they answered: AKWERULEM , meaning - "We have agreed."
What the white-man was hearing was "Ikwerre," so he recorded it in the official gazette that the IKWERRE PEOPLE have agreed for the colonial administration to build the Wharf. And since it was the official record of government,
the name Ikwerre became the name of the Iwhnurohna people in all official documentations till date. Similar cases of Anglicization of native names in the Niger Delta region by the colonial administration are Benin for Bini, Okrika for Wakrike, Degema for Udekema, Abonnema for Obonoma, Brass for Gbara sni, Bonny for Ibani, Pepple for Perekule, Ahoada for Ehuda, etc. Even so, “… there were dissenting voices, … who believed
that Ikwerre origins lay outside Igbo land, … in the Benin Kingdom of old. It is, therefore, obvious that the interminable debate about Ikwerre origins and migrations including the repudiation of the Igbo tradition is not a phenomenon of the post-civil war period. The controversy, as it were, is not necessarily the product of the present political realities wherein groups which hitherto were seen to have cultural affinities now find themselves in different states or administrative systems.” -- K.O. Amadi (1993).
The Ogbakor Ikwerre Convention, a cultural organization of Ikwerre people, in a paper presented to the Human Rights Violation Commission headed by Rtd. Justice Chukwudifu Oputa on 10 October 2001, said: “Ikwerre ethnic nationality is not and has never been a sub-group of any other tribe in Nigeria including Ndi-Igbo. There is no doubt that the advent of the British and later regionalization put Ndi-Igbo at the helm of affairs in then Eastern Nigeria. This brought Ndi-Igbo into Ikwerre land. In course of time, the Igbo took advantage of their position in the then Eastern Regional Government to (forcefully and illegally) grab land in Ikwerre and occupy political positions such as the mayor of Port Harcourt. In the process, Ikwerre along with other minority groups were marginalized and driven to the background.”
Professor Godwin Tasie noted that in 1913 the Rt Rev Herbert Tugwell, the Anglican Bishop on the Niger, undertook an experimentation tour of Ikwerre towns and villages assumed to be Ibo-speaking to test the Union Ibo Bible Nso being introduced in Iboland. "Tugwell discovered
from the tests he carried out that although the Ikwerre were often regarded as Ibo… the Union Ibo Bible translation, surprisingly, was not easily understood by the Ikwerre." This is obviously why Igbo vernacular was compulsorily introduced and taught in all schools in
Ikwerreland before the Nigerian Civil War to the assimilation (i.e. destruction) of the Ikwere language.
This also obviously led to the Rumuomasi Declaration in 1965. " … in their meeting at Rumuomasi in 1965 the Ikwerre had, under the umbrella of a highly promising new
body that was to get the Ikwerre together as a people of new and clearer vision, they had declared themselves as a people of the distinct identity of Ikwerre Ethnic Nationality
- not Ibo, not Ijo, not anything else but Ikwerre, Iwhnurọhna. This was the historic Rumuomasi Declaration of 1965 (G.O.M. Tasie, 2000). The full implication is that Ikwerre people began to assert themselves forcefully as an ethnic nationality of their own and not Ibos or Ijos, and efforts were made to revert to the original Ikwerre names for families, villages, communities and landmarks. For instance, there was the change from Umuola to Rumuola ,Umuoro to Rumuoro , Umukrushi to Rumuokwurusi , just to name a few.

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Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by Pcharles2(m): 5:14pm On Jul 30, 2017
This is why History is not taught in Nigerian Schools. A lot of distortions.
Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by RedboneSmith(m): 6:05pm On Jul 30, 2017
The Akalaka episode is just a fraction of the Ikwerre story. Ochichi was not Akalaka's brother. Some Ikwerre people who had an agenda to pursue invented that brotherhood. Ochichi came from the opposite direction from Akalaka.

There are many other sides of Ikwerre origin that have been ignored and may soon be forgotten because many Ikwerre are determined to bury any recollections of their true historical connections.

3 Likes

Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by chrisxxx(m): 8:50pm On Jul 30, 2017
RedboneSmith:
The Akalaka episode is just a fraction of the Ikwerre story. Ochichi was not Akalaka's brother. Some Ikwerre people who had an agenda to pursue invented that brotherhood. Ochichi came from the opposite direction from Akalaka.

There are many other sides of Ikwerre origin that have been ignored and may soon be forgotten because many Ikwerre are determined to bury any recollections of their true historical connections.
An insight from you will be utterly welcomed.
Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by Revolva(m): 7:49am On Aug 02, 2017
good one so how did they bear igbo name...and speak like igbos

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Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by chrisxxx(m): 4:24pm On Aug 03, 2017
Revolva:
good one so how did they bear igbo name...and speak like igbos
I should ask u How did Igbos bear Ikwerre name and speak like the Ikwerres?
Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by Wulfruna(f): 5:47pm On Aug 03, 2017
chrisxxx:

I should ask u How did Igbos bear Ikwerre name and speak like the Ikwerres?


"How did Igbos bear Ikwerre name and speak like Ikwerres?" you ask.

Mind you, you just finished telling us that Ikwerre came from Benin, where people bear name like Osagie and Nosakhare and speak an Edoid language.

Ikwerre people today are not answering those names or speaking Edoid. Rather they now share names like Amaechi, Okechukwu, Amadi, etc with Igbos and speak very much like the Igbos. It doesn't take a genius to figure out that the Ikwerre are the ones who are now bearing Igbo names and speaking like the Igbos, and not the other way around.

Unless you are now telling us that the Bini story is not true.

4 Likes

Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by chrisxxx(m): 6:27pm On Aug 03, 2017
Wulfruna:



"How did Igbos bear Ikwerre name and speak like Ikwerres?" you ask.

Mind you, you just finished telling us that Ikwerre came from Benin, where people bear name like Osagie and Nosakhare and speak an Edoid language.

Ikwerre people today are not answering those names or speaking Edoid. Rather they now share names like Amaechi, Okechukwu, Amadi, etc with Igbos and speak very much like the Igbos. It doesn't take a genius to figure out that the Ikwerre are the ones who are now bearing Igbo names and speaking like the Igbos, and not the other way around.

Unless you are now telling us that the Bini story is not true.
I am communicating with u isnt it? Are we communicating in Ibo Language? I have a believe as well that you may also have an English name. Do all these make u English?
Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by Probz(m): 6:37pm On Aug 03, 2017
Revolva:
good one so how did they bear igbo name...and speak like igbos
Because they are Igbo.
Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by Probz(m): 6:37pm On Aug 03, 2017
chrisxxx:

I should ask u How did Igbos bear Ikwerre name and speak like the Ikwerres?
Not him. The nigga's Igala.
Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by Kirigidi(m): 8:17pm On Aug 03, 2017
chrisxxx:
THE HISTORY OF IKWERRE PEOPLE.

Majority of the Ikwerre settlements have their roots traceable from the old Benin Empire.” Iwhnurọhna people descended from the ancient Bini Kingdom. The name of the grand ancestor is Akalaka. Their relations in Rivers State are Ekpeye and Ogba people. The reigning Oba of Benin when Akalaka, the ancestor of Ihruọha (later called Iwhnurọhna) fled was Oba Ewuare (Ogwaro). Akalaka, a member of the Benin royal family, fled in the 13th century on allegation of plotting assassination of the Oba. He died in 1462. Iwhnurọhna his third son settled east of the Sombrero River by 1538 AD, as detailed below.
Chief N.M.T. Solomon (2004), native of Ikodu Ubie in Ekpeyeland, in his narrative draws heavily from the now authenticated written historical records delivered by various informed sources including “Eketu (Weber) of
Ubeta, assumed to have lived for over two hundred (200) years as the oldest man in all Ekpeye, Ogba and Iwhnurọhna (or Ikwerre), at that time (and) was asked to narrate the history and customs of Ekpeye people” as unfolded in his lifetime. Here is what he said, which has been validated by the accounts of the current generation through responses to our questionnaires and direct interviews thereby increasing our level of confidence on the data: Ekpeye, born in Benin, was the first of the three sons of Akalaka. While in Ndoni, he married a second wife to gain the love and favour of the people. The new wife gave birth to a son, which he named Ogba. Akalaka was still in Ndoni when his first wife, the mother of Ekpeye, gave birth to his third son called Ihruoha (Ikwerre). Similar historical fact by J.N. Olise (1971) averred that: “Akalaka, a member of the Benin royal family, fled with his wife from Benin to Ndoni, a community located close to the
River Niger, to save the life of his new born baby (Ekpeye)… While at Ndoni, Akalaka took a second wife. … Akalaka had two sons, Ekpeye – born to him by his Benin wife, and Ogba – born to him by his Ndoni wife. According to F.E. Otuwarikpo (1994): "After the death of Akalaka in 1462 AD, his two sons, Ekpeye and Ogba had conflict, which compelled Ogba, the younger son, to move northwards where he founded Ohiakwo (Obigwe) and settled with his family. Ekpeye who remained at Ula-Ubie had seven sons – Ubie, Akoh, Upata, Igbuduya, Ekpe, Awala and Asa. The last three sons – Ekpe, Awala and Asa crossed to the other side of Sombreiro River (present day Ikwerreland and
settled there since 1538 AD.” He added that: “Ekpe migrated to present day Rumuekpe and spread through Elele (Alimini), Ndele, Wezina (ogbakiri) Rumuji and part of Ibaa. Awala migrated to present day Isiokpo …” Amadi-Nna (1993) also said Akalaka migrated with his half brother called Ochichi from the area of Benin Empire.
Ochichi sons were Ele (Omerele, now Elele), Elu (Elumuoha, now Omerelu), Egbe (Egbeda) and Mini (Alimini, Isiokpo). The crucial point here, which is of great importance in tracing the joint origin of the ancestors of the Old Ahoada Division (in the Governor Diete-Spiff administration), is the mention of the number of children that AkaIaka had namely: Ekpeye, Ogba and Ihru ọ ha (Ikwerre). It is noteworthy that the pedigree and name of Ikwerre people, Iwhnurọhna, obviously took its root from this original name – Ihruọha. Chief Solomon therefore establishes a very vital historical link, which has been missing in literature on Ikwerre origin that would assume more significance in the discourses of Ikwerre genealogy in the future – the fact that Akalaka was the direct father of Ihru ọha (Ikwerre). Iwhnurọhna, in Ikwerre parlance, means the face of the community (town, city or village). Nigerian colonial history records that the name "Ikwerre"
was given by the colonial administration when they wanted to acquire the Rebisi waterfront to build the wharf. Using an Ibo interpreter to talk to the illiterate Rebisi (Port Harcourt) chiefs, they asked them: Would you permit us to use the waterfront to build the wharf for ships to berth? And they answered: AKWERULEM , meaning - "We have agreed."
What the white-man was hearing was "Ikwerre," so he recorded it in the official gazette that the IKWERRE PEOPLE have agreed for the colonial administration to build the Wharf. And since it was the official record of government,
the name Ikwerre became the name of the Iwhnurohna people in all official documentations till date. Similar cases of Anglicization of native names in the Niger Delta region by the colonial administration are Benin for Bini, Okrika for Wakrike, Degema for Udekema, Abonnema for Obonoma, Brass for Gbara sni, Bonny for Ibani, Pepple for Perekule, Ahoada for Ehuda, etc. Even so, “… there were dissenting voices, … who believed
that Ikwerre origins lay outside Igbo land, … in the Benin Kingdom of old. It is, therefore, obvious that the interminable debate about Ikwerre origins and migrations including the repudiation of the Igbo tradition is not a phenomenon of the post-civil war period. The controversy, as it were, is not necessarily the product of the present political realities wherein groups which hitherto were seen to have cultural affinities now find themselves in different states or administrative systems.” -- K.O. Amadi (1993).
The Ogbakor Ikwerre Convention, a cultural organization of Ikwerre people, in a paper presented to the Human Rights Violation Commission headed by Rtd. Justice Chukwudifu Oputa on 10 October 2001, said: “Ikwerre ethnic nationality is not and has never been a sub-group of any other tribe in Nigeria including Ndi-Igbo. There is no doubt that the advent of the British and later regionalization put Ndi-Igbo at the helm of affairs in then Eastern Nigeria. This brought Ndi-Igbo into Ikwerre land. In course of time, the Igbo took advantage of their position in the then Eastern Regional Government to (forcefully and illegally) grab land in Ikwerre and occupy political positions such as the mayor of Port Harcourt. In the process, Ikwerre along with other minority groups were marginalized and driven to the background.”
Professor Godwin Tasie noted that in 1913 the Rt Rev Herbert Tugwell, the Anglican Bishop on the Niger, undertook an experimentation tour of Ikwerre towns and villages assumed to be Ibo-speaking to test the Union Ibo Bible Nso being introduced in Iboland. "Tugwell discovered
from the tests he carried out that although the Ikwerre were often regarded as Ibo… the Union Ibo Bible translation, surprisingly, was not easily understood by the Ikwerre." This is obviously why Igbo vernacular was compulsorily introduced and taught in all schools in
Ikwerreland before the Nigerian Civil War to the assimilation (i.e. destruction) of the Ikwere language.
This also obviously led to the Rumuomasi Declaration in 1965. " … in their meeting at Rumuomasi in 1965 the Ikwerre had, under the umbrella of a highly promising new
body that was to get the Ikwerre together as a people of new and clearer vision, they had declared themselves as a people of the distinct identity of Ikwerre Ethnic Nationality
- not Ibo, not Ijo, not anything else but Ikwerre, Iwhnurọhna. This was the historic Rumuomasi Declaration of 1965 (G.O.M. Tasie, 2000). The full implication is that Ikwerre people began to assert themselves forcefully as an ethnic nationality of their own and not Ibos or Ijos, and efforts were made to revert to the original Ikwerre names for families, villages, communities and landmarks. For instance, there was the change from Umuola to Rumuola ,Umuoro to Rumuoro , Umukrushi to Rumuokwurusi , just to name a few.
The name "Iwhuruohna" if it should be interpreted in Edoid languages means "talented/ skilled people". In Urhobo-Isoko language for instance, the term "skilled men/ people" can be written as "Iwhoiruohna". There is strong likelihood that Ikwerre [/b]people actually migrated from [b]Benin land because there are evidences to prove it. Among these evidences is the claim by Evwreni and Ewhe clans of Urhobo-Isoko that they migrated from Elele in Rivers State as a result of some issues with their Etche kinsmen.

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Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by Wulfruna(f): 8:22pm On Aug 03, 2017
chrisxxx:

I am communicating with u isnt it? Are we communicating in Ibo Language? I have a believe as well that you may also have an English name. Do all these make u English?

This analogy is off, as far as my conversation with you on this thread is concerned. I thought we were talking about who copied from who --- did Igbo copy from Ikwerre or did Ikwerre copy from Igbo? I haven't said speaking an 'Igboid language' makes Ikwerre Igbo. Ergo, you are changing the topic, sir.


Let me summarise our conversation so far: Someone asks how come Ikwerre speaks like Igbo and bears Igbo names; you reply that it could have been the other way around, i.e., Igbo speaks like Ikwerre and bears Ikwerre names; I ask how could that be, given that Ikwerre came from Benin and should be speaking Bini and bearing Bini names. if a Bini man speaks like his non-Bini neighbour rather than like his Bini brothers, shouldn't the logical conclusion be that the Bini man is the one who copied from the non-Bini man, rather than postulating that the non-Bini neighbour learnt his non-Bini language from the Bini man?

That is my conversation with you. This English analogy is a digression.

4 Likes

Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by Revolva(m): 10:37pm On Aug 03, 2017
Probz:
Because they are Igbo.

how are they igbos ......i am sure there is a time there were influenced by igbos..ok

again igalas who have the same father ..Eri...with northern igbos..never claimed to be fully igbos..sef...na ikwere....?

leave dem if they dont agree to be Igbo..
Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by Probz(m): 11:14pm On Aug 03, 2017
Revolva:


how are they igbos ......i am sure there is a time there were influenced by igbos..ok

again igalas who have the same father ..Eri...with northern igbos..never claimed to be fully igbos..sef...na ikwere....?

leave dem if they dont agree to be Igbo..


All you need to do to be considered Igbo is speak an Igboid dialect that's not Ekpeye. That includes Ikwerre.

That's all Igbo is. A linguistic classification. Ikwerre's more Igbo than Abakaliki. Whether they agree is their own wahala

Igala people aren't considered Igbo because they don't speak it as a first language. Cultural origins have nothing to do with it. I used to think like you but then I realised that Igbo is purely a linguistic term.
Re: The History Of Ikwerre People by chrisxxx(m): 7:54am On Aug 04, 2017
Wulfruna:


This analogy is off, as far as my conversation with you on this thread is concerned. I thought we were talking about who copied from who --- did Igbo copy from Ikwerre or did Ikwerre copy from Igbo? I haven't said speaking an 'Igboid language' makes Ikwerre Igbo. Ergo, you are changing the topic, sir.


Let me summarise our conversation so far: Someone asks how come Ikwerre speaks like Igbo and bears Igbo names; you reply that it could have been the other way around, i.e., Igbo speaks like Ikwerre and bears Ikwerre names; I ask how could that be, given that Ikwerre came from Benin and should be speaking Bini and bearing Bini names. if a Bini man speaks like his non-Bini neighbour rather than like his Bini brothers, shouldn't the logical conclusion be that the Bini man is the one who copied from the non-Bini man, rather than postulating that the non-Bini neighbour learnt his non-Bini language from the Bini man?
And I replied you that Ikwerre speaking Ibo related language came the way you speak English. Who is digressing here?
May I also let you know that where this similarity is more pronounced is in Ikwerre as spoken in Port Harcourt City. You may need to hear someone from Rumuekpe speak. If it does not sound Bini to you discontinue our discussion.
That is my conversation with you. This English analogy is a digression.

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