[size=15pt]Ife Pre-Pavement and Pavement Era (800–1000 A.D.)[/size]



Ife Paved Roads dated 800 AD

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http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pave/hd_pave.htm


The categories given to the distinct periods of ancient Ife’s artistic production center around the paving of the city’s courtyards and passageways with terracotta bricks sometime around 1000 A.D., marking the beginning of Ife’s Pavement period. This practice is thought to be associated with the urbanization of Ife. The origin of the pavement is explained in a popular story: according to Yoruba mythology, Queen Oluwo ordered the construction of the pavement when her robes were muddied in the dirt.

Artistic production at Ife predates the construction of these pavements. The minimalist stone monoliths and other works of early Ife are generally attributed to the Archaic Era (before 800 A.D.) and Pre-Pavement Era (ca. 800–1000). The emergence of the highly specialized sculptural tradition of Ife is believed to have begun sometime after 800 A.D. and reached its height between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries. These eras, from the pre- to post-Pavement periods (stretching from 800 to 1600), are marked by both an increasingly expressive naturalism in the depiction of human figures and the development of a highly abstract artistic style....

A centre of political and religious power, Ife has been a formidable city-state through much of the second millennium A.D. The flowering of Ife art coincided with the commercial expansion of the neighboring city-state of Oyo, a strategically placed trading centre, that channeled goods coming down the Niger River from the Songhai empire to Ife and other centers. The aesthetic style developed during the Pavement period of Ife art has been an ongoing influence in Yoruba sculptural styles since its inception. ...



Excerpt:

http://historum.com/middle-eastern-african-history/71640-potsherd-pavements-ile-ife.html

''Ile-Ife is the most ancient Yoruba city, and is still venerated today by the Yoruba as their main cultural and religious center. It's practically a holy city. You may know of Ile-Ife due to its highly sophisticated terracotta and bronze castings, but did you know that the city had a complex system of paved roads? Evidently, an oral tradition concerning the distinguished Yoruba ruler Ono Olowo, apparently she was walking around the capital when her regalia was splattered with mud. Very upset, the Queen ordered the construction of pavements around all of the public and religious places of Ife(courtyards, shrines), made of ceramic tiles from pots. A quote concerning how potsherd pavements are created:


How The Pavements Were Built

''The pathway or courtyard to be paved would be prepared by leveling the ground. The potsherds were then prepared by breaking them into pieces. The soil was then well-kneaded to make for a good sub-base providing the working platform. The soil base was mixed with residual water from the palm-oil industry and left to ferment for two to three days. In the absence of residual water from the palm-oil base, the soil was mixed with palm-oil. Where there was no palm-oil, the soil was left to ferment longer, say, one-week. Mixing the soil with palm-oil was done to provide uniform heating when the pavement was being "baked'.

After the base was prepared, the potsherds were then stuck into the prepared soil and then arranged into whatever design was desired, be it herringbone or straight-row design. The pavement was then left to dry out before being "baked". In the baking process, dry wood and shrubs were packed on top of the pavement and set on fire''''.



Typical Paved Courtyard In Ancient Ife




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Terracota Head, 1100 AD, Ile-Ife



Excerpt:

Ife Timeline

Pre-Classical (also known as Pre-Pavement), ?-11th centuries
Classical (Pavement), 12th-15th centuries
Post-Classic (Post-Pavement), 15th-17th centuries

http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologistsgj/qt/ile_ife.htm

During its heyday of the 12th-15th centuries AD, Ile-Ife experienced a fluorescence in bronze and iron arts. Beautiful naturalistic terracotta and copper alloy sculptures made during the early periods have been found at Ife; later sculptures are of the lost-wax brass technique known as Benin bronzes.

It was also during Classic period Ile Ife that construction of decorative pavements, open-air courtyards paved with pottery sherds, began.



World famous Ife Bronze head dated 600 AD

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Fascinating.What a great people with a great culture. Unfortunately for the Yorubas most of them are now brainwashed with foreign religions like Christianity and Islam. They have joined the rat race and are no longer the special and remarkable people they once were. I still see a few of them who are still in tune with their ancient culture and religion. They shake their heads at the wanton manner the modern day Yorubas worship ancient Jewish or Arab gods. Until Africans return to their roots THEY will ALWAYS be second class citizens on this earth. Quote me anywhere

Use to be. Why aren't they today? What happened?

Wow...Interesting.
What the Yorubas and the Binis achieved in pre-colonial Nigeria are simply exceptional!

As a student living off campus in Ife, I saw remnants of such pavements alot on untarred roads. Then, I was curious about what they stand for.
Thanks for the thread.

The courtyard is such a beauty, even by modern standards!

Na road short like that

The great son of Benin kingdom oduduwa created ile- ife
There is one oba in the world oba of the Benin kingdom and others

Ile-ife is very ancient

Wow!!!

ancient indeed

Great ife

very nice.

ANCIENT SHORT ROAD OF IFE

May God bless "The Source"!

Great Ife!

Very nice, for some people that think black race is good for nothing

Beautiful

freeDR:
As a student living off campus in Ife, I saw remnants of such pavements alot on untarred roads. Then, I was curious about what they stand for.
Thanks for the thread.

Unfortunately, in all likelihood, this research was FUNDED, carried out and the results OWNED by our white "superiors" as we are too mentally LAZY to bother.
We will rather eat, feast and fcvk our lives away just as Trump is rumoured to have characterised us.
Abi nor be here for NL we dey celebrate DAPPER playboy actors who have no SYSTEMATIC meaningful CHARITABLE activities to promote EDUCATION
Or do we not SIMPLY wow ourselves over flashy paparazzi photos and watches of our wealthy people here?



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Related post from the RMD yeyebrity dapper thread:

ofesko121:
y wont him be dapper when they empty delta state accounts

Abi oh.
While the celebrities in the lands where Deltans and other Nigerians are running away to become voluntary SLAVES are making positive charitable contributions to the advancement of their societies, our own yeyebrities na to join our leaders looters to DEPRIVE us of those basic things they should actually help to provide even more than the government.

Jay-Z Charity Work, Events and Causes

Jay-Z sent more than $2,500 worth of designer street wear to the Spring Hill Campaign for Adolescent and University Student Empowerment (CAUSE) in appreciation of their community efforts.

His November 2006 concert in New York city raised over $250,000 for PlayPumps International.

On August 9, 2006, he met with UN Secretary General Kofi Annan at the organization’s headquarters in New York. The rapper pledged to use his upcoming world tour to raise awareness of–and combat–global water shortage.

Also in 2006, he visited Africa and produced a documentary entitled Diary of Jay-Z: Water for Life.

He pledged $1 million to the American Red Cross' relief effort after Hurricane Katrina.

Charities & foundations supported

Jay-Z has supported the following charities listed on this site:

Artists for Peace and Justice
Boys & Girls Clubs of America
Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS
Global Poverty Project
GRAMMY Foundation
Keep A Child Alive
Music for Relief
PlayPumps
Red Cross
Robin Hood

More from: https://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/jay-z

Any wonder why we Africans will remain perpetual SLAVES to those in America and Europe if we continue to praise these THIEVES in our midst for dapper nonsense instead of holding their feet to the fire to do RIGHT by us.

ireneony:
The great son of Benin kingdom oduduwa created ile- ife
There is one oba in the world oba of the Benin kingdom and others

Iru oro katikati wo re bayi?

waow

ireneony:
The great son of Benin kingdom oduduwa created ile- ife
There is one oba in the world oba of the Benin kingdom and others

go through the history of yoruba again.

Please nobody should turn this thread to tribal war between two brothers (Yorubas and Benins)

abeg
ejor
lahor

tdayof:
go through the history of yoruba again.

Written, documented, widely circulated and continuously RESEARCHED by who please?
Yorubas
I doubt!




www.nairaland.com/attachments/2855735_twooptionswallpaper10579600_jpeg618d634ba6258d93161d282181afdc68

very beautiful...at least dis could b used in road construction in modern day rural communities

hokafor:
Very nice, for some people that think black race is good for nothing

You may want to change your is (present tense) to the past tense WAS.
What do you think

dacovajnr:
Iru oro katikati wo re bayi?

no mind am... even history says that Benin ve no history without mentioning Yoruba, but the Yoruba history doesn't recognize Benin. ma'da lohun omo kekere ni

Awesome!

Honestly, yorubas are blessed. I will urge a lot of Yorubas to read up on their history because it seems many have lost their ways. The rich history is what everyone back home must hold onto. It will be a welcome development to have a rethink about the progress of SW. I was surprised when I read SW had better human development in the 70s.