Bight of Benin. (Togo, Benin, Nigeria West of the Niger Delta)
Ethnic groups (Yoruba, Fon, Mahi, Ewe, Nupe)
20.2%

Bight of Biafra. (Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome, Cameroon, Nigeria East of the Niger Delta)
Ethnic groups (Igbo, Moko, Ibibio, Chamba, Ijaw, Fang, Carabali Etc)
14.6%



While Bight of Biafra slaves were more prominent in the Anglophone Atlantic world/ British ex colonies such as The US except some part of the US South where Bight of Benin slaves were more, Barbados Etc, Bight of Benin slaves were prominent in South America and parts of the Caribbean.
There are exceptions though.


All in all, more slaves were transported from the Bight of Benin than the Bight of Biafra Also worthy of note is the fact that the Yorubas Arguably constituted a greater percentage of slaves transported from the Bight of Benin (Some figures places it at +/- 85%) than Igbos constituted of slaves from the bight of Biafra.


Another layer of Bight of Benin, and especially Yoruba slaves that are almost always not accounted for by these port of transport and landing port records is the wave of indentured servants of the mid to late 1800's which added a new layer of Yoruba slaves to Caribbean and South American countries.
You wouldn't see them in any slave records.



In the end, there is nothing to be proud or happy about in the heinous and atrocious activities of slavery , which had devastating effects on African peoples still being felt up till NOW. But for the sake of knowledge, it would make sense to sed more light on these things.

More to come.

More Information from other sources on the Numbers.
Volume of Transatlantic Slave Trade by Region of Embarkation (in thousands) 1519–1800



Note: Post 1800 Slaves of which Yorubas constituted the vast majority were not Accounted for in these figures.

The image below explains it all. It shows that Bight of Benin did send about 2.04 million slaves overall, out of which an estimated 456,500 slaves are likely to be of Yoruba descent (exported through the ports of Lagos, Badagri and Epe). Bight of Benin is/was a long stretch of area extending from parts of Ghana to SW Nigeria, and it had several ports within this Bight. As you can see in the image below, the most busy port was Ouidah port which exported the highest number of slaves (approximately 1.1 million slaves out of the entire 2 million slaves exported from this bight) of all ports in Bight of Benin. The slaves from Ouidah were mostly Akan, Fon, Ewe, Ga etc. Lagos port came second and the image shows no slave exports through the port from the start of slavery in 1400 to about 350 years later in 1751 (towards the ending of the slave trade), and overall Lagos/Onim port exported 317,300 Yoruba slaves, assuming all the slaves were Yoruba. Some Yoruba slaves would also have been exported through nearby Badagri and Epe ports, where Fon, Ogu, Ewe slaves etc. from Benin were exported too, and assuming all these slaves were of Yoruba descent, an extra 139,000 assumed Yoruba slaves are included, thus bringing to a total of 456,500 Yoruba slaves exported overall.

The image below shows the entire number in figures of slaves exported from the Bight of Benin and while it sent about 2.04 million slaves (half of that number or 1 million came from Ouidah), the actual percentage of Yoruba slaves exported is estimated at 456,500 or 22.3% of the entire slave exports, that is assuming that all slaves exported through the ports of Lagos, Badagri and Epe were of Yoruba descent.

In essence, Bight of Benin sent 2.04 slaves, however over half of the entire slaves from this bight alone came from Ouidah

Bight of Biafra

The image below shows the numbers exported through this bight to be about 1.7 million, which included Ibibio, Ijaw, Ejagham, Igbo slaves etc. Out of 1.7 million, 1.27m estimated slaves came from the Igbo country or 75% in percentages. About 500,000 slaves came from the Efik/Ibibio country, Ijaw country, Ejagham country etc. The major ports in this Bight were Bonny port and Calabar port.

[img]https://tracingafricanroots.files./2015/06/chambers-2002-table1-estimated-percentage-of-igbo-captives1.jpg?w=869[/img]

The image above shows the overall exports from the Bight of Biafra for the entire slave trade period from 1400 to 1865. Data indicates consistency in exports throughout the entire period.

YourNemesis:
More Information from other sources on the Numbers.
Volume of Transatlantic Slave Trade by Region of Embarkation (in thousands) 1519–1800



Note: Post 1800 Slaves of which Yorubas constituted the vast majority were not Accounted for in these figures.

The image you posted above refers to embarkation point or point of arrival in the new world and figures received from each zone. It only tells which amount in percentages each arrival or embarkation point received. It is common knowledge that certain areas received more numbers than other areas, however it does not indicate the overall number that left the shores of Africa.

Provide the embarkation point/arrival destination for which this data was recorded. It could have been in Brazil or Cuba, which is not new knowledge.

bigfrancis21:


The image you posted above refers to embarkation point or point of arrival in the new world and figures received from each zone. It only tells which amount in percentages each arrival or embarkation point received. It is common knowledge that certain areas received more numbers than other areas, however it does not indicate the overall number that left the shores of Africa.

Provide the embarkation point/arrival destination for which this data was recorded. It could have been in Brazil or Cuba, which is not new knowledge.

Just telling you Yorubas most likely outnumbered Igbos on the new world, from all indications. Even if not by much.

All in all, it all depends on the country. Countries like Jamaica and the US had more Igbo slaves.

bigfrancis21:
The image below explains it all. It shows that Bight of Benin did send about 2.04 million slaves overall, out of which an estimated 456,500 slaves are likely to be of Yoruba descent (exported through the ports of Lagos, Badagri and Epe). Bight of Benin is/was a long stretch of area extending from parts of Ghana to SW Nigeria, and it had several ports within this Bight. As you can see in the image below, the most busy port was Ouidah port which exported the highest number of slaves (approximately 1.1 million slaves out of the entire 2 million slaves exported from this bight) of all ports in Bight of Benin. The slaves from Ouidah were mostly Akan, Fon, Ewe, Ga etc. Lagos port came second and the image shows no slave exports through the port from the start of slavery in 1400 to about 350 years later in 1751 (towards the ending of the slave trade), and overall Lagos/Onim port exported 317,300 Yoruba slaves, assuming all the slaves were Yoruba. Some Yoruba slaves would also have been exported through nearby Badagri and Epe ports, where Fon, Ogu, Ewe slaves etc. from Benin were exported too, and assuming all these slaves were of Yoruba descent, an extra 139,000 assumed Yoruba slaves are included, thus bringing to a total of 456,500 Yoruba slaves exported overall.

The image below shows the entire number in figures of slaves exported from the Bight of Benin and while it sent about 2.04 million slaves (half of that number or 1 million came from Ouidah), the actual percentage of Yoruba slaves exported is estimated at 456,500 or 22.3% of the entire slave exports, that is assuming that all slaves exported through the ports of Lagos, Badagri and Epe were of Yoruba descent.

In essence, Bight of Benin sent 2.04 slaves, however over half of the entire slaves from this bight alone came from Ouidah.

Ouidah port is Not in Ghana, it was a Dahomean (Fon) port. And a lot of the slaves from there were also Yorubas (Especially the western Yorubas such as Idaashas, Ketus and Anagos Etc) captured by Dahomean armies , that time was a time of constant warfare. And the Fon and Ewes would constantly raid Yoruba towns and villages and take them to Ouidah and Allada to be "Exported" to European merchant/slave ships.

Also, Ga and Akan ethnic groups do not extend into the Bight of Benin region. Infact it was some of the ports from The Gold coast exported people with bight of Benin ancestry....i.e Ewes, many of which were transported from the El-mina castle, and not the other way round.

The implication is that when looking for people with Bight of Benin ancestry in the new world, you would have to consider both slaves from the Gold Coast, and those from the Slave Coast (Bight of Benin) and not just the later.

Isn't it interesting that in spite of Yorubas being exported as slaves in relatively lesser numbers, those slaves still curiously managed to retain essential elements of their culture in the diaspora, and have so dramatically multiplied in numbers that brazil (where the bulk of them ended up) today is reckoned to have the second largest black population in the world, behind Nigeria.

RockHard:
Isn't it interesting that in spite of Yorubas being exported as slaves in relatively lesser numbers, those slaves still curiously managed to retain essential elements of their culture in the diaspora, and have so dramatically multiplied in numbers that brazil (where the bulk of them ended up) today is reckoned to have the second largest black population in the world, behind Nigeria.

Infact it is even funnier that the US where a lot of the Igbo slaves ended up as one of the majorities, alongside the Kongos, Senegalese tribes and the Gold Coast tribes will probably end up adopting a majorly Yoruba culture. As Igbo culture does not have any significant anchoring structure in the New World.

bigfrancis21:


The image you posted above refers to embarkation point or point of arrival in the new world and figures received from each zone. It only tells which amount in percentages each arrival or embarkation point received. It is common knowledge that certain areas received more numbers than other areas, however it does not indicate the overall number that left the shores of Africa.

Provide the embarkation point/arrival destination for which this data was recorded. It could have been in Brazil or Cuba, which is not new knowledge.

The bight of Biafra as defined in several literature is way more extensive than the Bight of Benin. Slaves taken all the way from Congo Brazzavile up to Benin city have been defined as Bight of Biafra
In Fact I have seen documents of slaves from Bight of Biafra with Nago slave numbers in it.

YourNemesis:


The bight of Biafra as defined in several literature is way more extensive than the Bight of Benin. Slaves taken all the way from Congo Brazzavile up to Benin city have been defined as Bight of Biafra
In Fact I have seen documents of slaves from Bight of Biafra with Nago slave numbers in it.

That's no issue at all. Bight of Biafra could have extended all the way down to South Africa. The figures being looked at is the actual number of Nigerians (Yoruba and Igbo) exported from these bights, regardless of how far away the bights may have extended. 1.2m from the Igbo country compared to 456,500 from the SW regions. You can dispute the territory of the bights but can't dispute the numbers.

YourNemesis:


Infact it is even funnier that the US where a lot of the Igbo slaves ended up as one of the majorities, alongside the Kongos, Senegalese tribes and the Gold Coast tribes will probably end up adopting a majorly Yoruba culture. As Igbo culture does not have any significant anchoring structure in the New World.

It's unlikely anyway. The Igbo contribution to the slave trade is starting to gain prominence again. Many african americans are beginning to know that many have partial Igbo ancestry. Also there is a growing African America-Hebraic connection movement currently taking place and subscribers to this movement call themselves descendants of Hebrews or black hebrews through their Igbo ancestry.

Infact up till now a few AA families bear 'eboe' as surname, as it was the norm in the slave days when slaves were named after their tribe or port of exit. I.e Sandra Bonny, Emilia Ebo etc. Look up reverend Antona Ebo, a prominent AA activist during the slave trade and a catholic reverend sister. http://www.aptv.org/as/sisters/sisters.asp

While there is an Oyotunji village in SC, the Igbo village in Virginia has received more attention and prominence by African Americans. Some of them have begun to adopt Igbo names through Igbo naming ceremonies. Right now, many AAs who know about African ancestries know that they are more likely to be linked to Igbo than Yoruba.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LX4tEu6BuQw


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhwmBvKLihg


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9CTrQ7x2S0

While Oyotnji was an idea brought forward by one fan of Ifa culture, the Igbo village in Staunton VA was sponsored by one of the state museums of Virginia and recognized by the Commonwealth to commemorate the intense presence of Igbos in VA that nicknamed it new eboeland at one time. Of course, you probably have heard of Ebo landing island in Georgia.

bigfrancis21:


It's unlikely anyway. The Igbo contribution to the slave trade is starting to gain prominence again. Many african americans are beginning to know that many have partial Igbo ancestry. Also there is a growing African America-Hebraic connection movement currently taking place and subscribers to this movement call themselves descendants of Hebrews or black hebrews through their Igbo ancestry.

Infact up till now a few AA families bear 'eboe' as surname, as it was the norm in the slave days when slaves were named after their tribe or port of exit. I.e Sandra Bonny, Emilia Ebo etc. Look up reverend Antona Ebo, a prominent AA activist during the slave trade and a catholic reverend sister. http://www.aptv.org/as/sisters/sisters.asp

While there is an Oyotunji village in SC, the Igbo village in Virginia has received more attention and prominence by African Americans. Some of them have begun to adopt Igbo names through Igbo naming ceremonies. Right now, many AAs who know about African ancestries know that they are more likely to be linked to Igbo than Yoruba.


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LX4tEu6BuQw


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhwmBvKLihg


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z9CTrQ7x2S0

While Oyotnji was an idea brought forward by one fan of Ifa culture, the Igbo village in Staunton VA was sponsored by one of the state museums of Virginia and recognized by the Commonwealth to commemorate the intense presence of Igbos in VA that nicknamed it new eboeland at one time. Of course, you probably have heard of Ebo landing island in Georgia.

lol Okay.
Eve the new African American Museum that will stand to be the cultural showpiece for the Aframs till God knows when was inspired by Yoruba culture.... not igbo. I am not saying Igbo culture has no presence at all in the Americas, BUT Yoruba culture is much more prominent there.
Look at the Trend, not snapshot events.
More and more Americans are entering Ifa worship and Orisha, while same dont even know what Igbo religion is called.

I am in the US myself. Yesterday I went to a flea market and SAW Olorishas walking by, I exclaimed "Ase!" at them and they replied "Eeeepa Orisha!". .
Igbo culture can't become more prominent in the US than Yoruba culture. The overwhelming flow of Latinos to the US will never let that happen.

RockHard:
Isn't it interesting that in spite of Yorubas being exported as slaves in relatively lesser numbers, those slaves still curiously managed to retain essential elements of their culture in the diaspora, and have so dramatically multiplied in numbers that brazil (where the bulk of them ended up) today is reckoned to have the second largest black population in the world, behind Nigeria.

In addition to slaves from Bight of Benin, equal numbers were sent from Congo/Angola and some slaves from Bight of Biafra also.

[img]https://tracingafricanroots.files./2015/06/lovejoy-et-al-table1-2-destinations-of-africans-from-the-bight-biafra.jpg[/img]

BigFrancis, I am telling you that Yoruba slaves came from Two, infact if not three ports sef.
Bight of Benin, Gold coast and Bight of Biafra. In that order.

Igbo slaves came from just the later.

At any rate, watch the Yoruba cultural space to anchor a future global "Back/Afro revolution"

YourNemesis:


Infact it is even funnier that the US where a lot of the Igbo slaves ended up as one of the majorities, alongside the Kongos, Senegalese tribes and the Gold Coast tribes will probably end up adopting a majorly Yoruba culture. As Igbo culture does not have any significant anchoring structure in the New World.

Yes o, Yoruba culture trumps in the U.S as well, so much so that the architecture of the Smithsonian Museum of African History that was commissioned by Obama some months back in D.C was inspired by the crown worn by Yoruba Kings in Nigeria.

YourNemesis:


lol Okay.
Eve the new African American Museum that will stand to be the cultural showpiece for the Aframs till God knows when was inspired by Yoruba culture.... not igbo. I am not saying Igbo culture has no presence at all in the Americas, BUT Yoruba culture is much more prominent there.
Look at the Trend, not snapshot events.
More and more Americans are entering Ifa worship and Orisha, while same dont even know what Igbo religion is called.

I am in the US myself. Yesterday I went to a flea market and SAW Olorishas walking by, I exclaimed "Ase!" at them and they replied "Eeeepa Orisha!". .
Igbo culture can't become more prominent in the US than Yoruba culture. The overwhelming flow of Latinos to the US will never let that happen.

It is only prominent on nairaland. I am in the US too and there is a GROWING AA-HEBREW-IGBO movement currently going on now. Check out youtube.

YourNemesis:
BigFrancis, I am telling you that Yoruba slaves came from Two, infact if not three ports sef.
Bight of Benin, Gold coast and Bight of Biafra. In that order.

Igbo slaves came from just the later.

At any rate, watch the Yoruba cultural space to anchor a future global "Back/Afro revolution"

In terms of numbers, one is still times 3 of the other.

RockHard:


Yes o, Yoruba culture trumps in the U.S as well, so much so that the architecture of the Smithsonian Museum of African History that was commissioned by Obama some months back in D.C was inspired by crown worn by Yoruba Kings in Nigeria.

Bight of Biafra equally exported hundreds of thousands, a whopping 311,000 - nearly equal to the overall export from Lagos port at 317000, to the same Brazil and Cuba affiliated to Bight of Benin. In terms of spread, Bight of Biafra has more.

[img]https://tracingafricanroots.files./2015/06/lovejoy-et-al-table1-2-destinations-of-africans-from-the-bight-biafra.jpg[/img]

Not that I am even agreeing with you, but WHAT is the use of a large slave origin population with 0 cultural impact?
Look at the Kongos for example with almost 40% of the slaves according to some sources with just minimalist impact?

Who goes to Congo today for cultural re-union? Very few if any.

bigfrancis21:


Bight of Biafra equally exported hundreds of thousands, whopping 311,000 - nearlynequal to the overall export from Lagos port at 317000, to the same Brazil and Cuba affiliated to Bight of Benin. In terms of spread, Bight of Biafra has more.

Lol. Well, the igbo slaves that made that journey apparently weren't too proud nor fond of their heritage enough to retain enduring traces of them like the Yoruba ones coz we hardly hear of remnant igbo cultural influence being celebrated in Brazil/SouthAmerica/Carribean corridor like the Yorubas' are. E.g the pix below of Obatala Festival in Trinidad and Tobago.

https://www.nairaland.com/3571959/obatala-festival-2017-trinidad-tobago

YourNemesis:
Not that I am eve agreeing with you, but WHAT is the use of a large slave origin population with 0 c ultural impact?
Look at the Kongos for example with almost 40% of the slaves according to some sources with just minimalist impact?

Cultural impact is one thing, DNA is another thing! DNA is never lost! 1.2 million vs 456,000 indicates that black descendants in the diaspora are 3 times likely to have DNA from the Igbo country than Yoruba country. Western culture dominates the world now but however not everybody who practices western culture is European or Western. You get the drift now?

RockHard:


Lol. Well, the igbo slaves that made that journey apparently weren't too proud nor fond of their heritage enough to retain enduring traces of them like the Yoruba ones coz we hardly hear of remnant igbo cultural influence being celebrated in Brazil/SouthAmerica/Carribean corridor like the Yorubas' are. E.g the pix below of Obatala Festival in Trinidad and Tobago.

https://www.nairaland.com/3571959/obatala-festival-2017-trinidad-tobago

'

It doesn't matter. I was born a Roman Catholic. The Roman Catholic Church was formed in Rome by the Romans, who own the church it has spread worldwide to over 100 million practicing Catholics worldwide, yet it doesn't make every Catholic a Roman or of Latin descent. You get the drift now?

bigfrancis21:


Cultural impact is one thing, DNA is another thing! DNA is never lost! 1.2 million vs 456,000 indicates that black descendants in the diaspora are 3 times likely to have DNA from the Igbo country than Yoruba country. Western culture dominates the world now but however not everybody who practices western culture is European or Western. You get the drift now?

lol dude, Yoruba DNA is the benchmark Pure Negro 100% Homo Sapien sample for Africans in the New World.
They specifically came to Ibadan to collect Samples.
What is the difference between Yoruba and Igbo DNA? They are so the same that Geneticists can't even spot the difference.

Here is the DNA profile (African Component) for African Americans.

[b]
Second, the slaves leaving the shores of West Africa during the last quarter of the slave trade era, , who were mostly Yoruba, arrived Latin America at a time when slave laws had began to weaken significantly and slaves were allowed more freedom of religion and association. Yoruba slaves arrived the new world to meet acculturated slaves, mostly local-born, who had long been stripped of their names, language and culture and had adopted into their new environment. For the Yorubas, they arrived at a time when there was more slave freedom to practice religion and associate, unlike 50 to 100 years earlier. To the other slaves, the arrival of Yoruba slaves and the Ifa religion was highly welcome as it served as a re-connection of their roots back to mama africa, till today. The Ifa religion in Latin America, which originally started as a lukumi-only religion later grew to accommodate non-lukumis seeking to retrace their roots back to mama Africa. It is important to point out that not all practicing members of lukumi-derived religions such as Santeria, Candomble etc. in the new world are necessarily of Yoruba descent, however they identify with Ifa as a remembrance of their African connection.[/b]

YourNemesis:


lol dude, Yoruba DNA is the benchmark Pure Negro 100% Homo Sapien sample for Africans in the New World.
They specifically came to Ibadan to collect Samples.
What is the difference between Yoruba and Igbo DNA? They are so the same that Geneticists can't even spot the difference.

Here is the DNA profile (African Component) for African Americans.

Haha this was done by some questionable so-called study at a time when the assumption that Yoruba Ifa religion = huge Yoruba slaves, and that was later shown to be false, especially when quantifiable evidence of slave numbers began to come out in the mid/late 2000s showing the true numbers. Don't tell me that with an overall less than 5% of Yorubas sent to the US, you believe that they would have the majority of AA DNA?

I see even San DNA too. Wow. I never knew San peoples from Southern Africa were sold as slaves to the US too. Please take that down real quick, its disgraceful.

Wait, o! What happened to that thread where some Igbo folks were arguing that Nd'Igbo do not hold naming ceremonies and it is alien to their culture??!

YourNemesis:


lol dude, Yoruba DNA is the benchmark Pure Negro 100% Homo Sapien sample for Africans in the New World.
They specifically came to Ibadan to collect Samples.
What is the difference between Yoruba and Igbo DNA? They are so the same that Geneticists can't even spot the difference.

Figures do not lie.
[img]https://tracingafricanroots.files./2015/05/5totalregionalorigins.gif?w=869[/img]

bigfrancis21:
'

It doesn't matter. I was born a Roman Catholic. The Roman Catholic Church was formed in Rome by the Romans, who own the church it has spread worldwide to over 100 million practicing Catholics worldwide, yet it doesn't make every Catholic a Roman or of Latin descent. You get the drift now?

Guy, you are actually buttressing my own point with this your Catholism analogy coz obviously the Catholic appeal must've been too irresistible and desirable enough for you to consciously choose to identity with it over more traditional igbo religion, in the same way the igbo slaves must've felt when they decided to allow their culture to die in the diaspora. . I never really argued against your point about the admixture and varied ethnic composition of the slaves that were taken to Brazil during the slave trade. My emphasis was on the enduring character of Yoruba culture relative to those of slaves that even outnumbered them.

laudate:
Wait, o! What happened to that thread where some Igbo folks were arguing that Nd'Igbo do not hold naming ceremonies and it is alien to their culture??!

Of course we do. It's always been part of our culture. Before the advent of Christianity, Igbo families often held naming ceremonies for their newly born or after circumcision conducted 8 days or two native market weeks after birth if male. Anybody who says otherwise does not know Igbo culture.

bigfrancis21:


Haha this was done by some questionable so-called study at a time when the assumption that Yoruba Ifa religion = huge Yoruba slaves, and that was later shown to be false, especially when quantifiable evidence of slave numbers began to come out in the mid/late 2000s showing the true numbers. Don't tell me that with an overall less than 5% of Yorubas sent to the US, you believe that they would have the majority of AA DNA?

I see even San DNA too. Wow. I never knew San peoples from Southern Africa were sold as slaves to the US too. Please take that down real quick, its disgraceful.

You are mixing up two things.
I am telling you that Yoruba DNA is the benchmark for Middle Guinea saves in the new world, Mandenkas for the Western Guinea, and of course Bantu and SAN have their own components.
The component of DNA African shares were not done under any wrong assumptions, they knew what exactly they were doing. Mandenka and Wolof DNA are not that different Hence The proportions you see there representing slaves from that axis. Same with Yoruba, Igbo Etc from the middle guinea coast.

Check any DNA documents of Africans - Yoruba always hold the pole/anchor position.