Bagehot: Allow me to drop my 2 cents on this foreign degrees debate. In my present organization, we bought into this obodo oyinbo craze during the boom years of banking and ended up making a lot of terrible recruitment errors (a vast majority of our foreign-degree hires were largely either incompetent,over-paid - often both). More than anything, we learnt to take foreign degrees only at face value - in the end, on the job competence boils down to the individual; no amount of foreign accents or "OMG" gesticulations would change this.

I find it hard to understand why holders of foreign degrees with no work experience would aspire for more than entry level - especially in finance. The only peeps that might get a step higher are probably CFA charter-holders and trust me, those positions are few and far between. Sans relevant and quality work experience, trust me, you wont make it past entry level.

As for experienced hires, things get easier, but then again, getting a job to an extent also depends on your network in the sense that a great deal of top executives almost always move with their tested and trusted teams. It is not uncommon in banking for say a GM to move to another bank with 6 Senior Managers who in turn move with 3 or 4 junior officers apiece. In the end, the GM's movement would also result in an additional 25 people (minimum) moving to the new bank.

And as regards that man-know-man issue, does it happen? Yes it does. But, I stand to be corrected that for the most part,it is minute. YES I SAID IT! I have friends in different industries working in HR. What often happens is that these "special candidates" are granted priority hearing but in the end, who wants to hire a doofus? The days when one Baba can just snap his fingers and get you a job are gradually declining. Do you know how many top shots in Nigeria put calls through to Executives daily? How many can the Executive absorb? Unless its the bloody president, senate president or them IBB dem, its not guaranteed. I have seen CVs from 1st class Obas just sitting in my inbox - story. These days, parents are even lobbying for the 70k jobs for their kids with foreign degrees just so they dont stay idle. Go to LIRS and see how many peeps there have an M.sc from U.K and U.S (on N60k salary ooo). The jobs just aren't there.

Great post, only lowpoint being you were a little harsh on foreign-trained in the bolded.

Can we start discussion on the 'role of networking/informal recommendations/poaching' side by side in this thread? That's another interesting subject I enjoy discussing.

Donxavier:

Question: Have you started yours?

LMAO

Just to lift the mood of those that find all these depressing: I've changed job four times without knowing anybody. I think where the nepotism thing is more noticed is with government agencies.
If you manage to find your way into international NGOs, you will see that experience and integrity (not necessarily paper qualifications) will keep opening more doors for you.

I still think that job opportunities should be driven by the private sector. Government should create enabling environments (roads, light and security) so that brains like the ops can use their training to create jobs

mrkoma2012: @op

Nowadays, even in the UK or US you will have to submit loads of applications to get an interview slot. I was also in your position in your2008 after graduating with a IT related degree from Brunel university, UK. I set up my own internet consulting firm in the UK with a £3000 loan from my parents. Today this same firm has a turnover of over £2million per annum and growing daily.Also, my younger brother currently works for Exxon Mobil in Nigeria and got the job on merit after over 50 rejection emails or letters from various oil & gas firms around the world he applied for.

My advice is simple education doesn't guarantee success. It is your determination ,skills set, adaptability , and a bit of luck that might give you a better chance of making something for yourself and future. I definitely know that Nigeria has something for you, but you will have to be innovative and creative to actualise it.

mrkoma2012:
Hello Karbaka,
I want to venture into pure water prdtn, the factory will be sited in my family house. Please assist me with your Ebook and info 1&2 and advise me on how to go about Nafdac registration process so I can commence by Jan 2013. The site will be in Kogi State.

Thanking you for your good work in this forum.
My Email: markode3@gmail.com

Na wah oo. You must be using Juju No be you say you want start pure water bizness few months ago for ya papa house??

Interesting when you see Nigeria youths pouring there concern about looking for job. Education these days is a total financial waste if the meal ticket can not get you a meal. If you go abroad to spend 7million on Education and some even more and at the end of the day, you are looking to be hired and now disappointed that there is no Job, i guess you are born to be slave.

There are many Nigerians not to talk about many Americans that are on the billionaire list that barely have undergraduate degree. Many of them knew that they would be wasting their time and resources to stay under someone for 3 hours a week class and at the end of the day accumulating grades that can not guarantee you a work not to talk of getting you job in your chosen field. But the sad news is that this is a global mistake that university degree provides wealth, because the people that controls the billions are contented with high school degree and make use of it to generate billions.

That being said, what happens to collaboration, partnership, working with two or more youths that bring in capital to go into business? If a bank fail to learn money, and 10 people bring in $10,000 each that is $100,000 why can't we do it together and succeed than doing it individually and we all fail? I guess many youths that talk about their fathers in politics are corrupt can not trust themselves, because they breed in the system. Let us be sincere, if they don't learn to work together to either focus on entrepreneur or find a way to send their fathers in politics away, who do not care if they die of hunger we will forever be enslaved by the foreign countries we run to all in the name of greener pasture or eduction.

Its easy for all of us to go against a government, but the moment one of us get an offer with government in power, we quickly disassociate ourselves from those people and then call them jobless people. I can not but be so disappointed and pained when i see how Nigerians suffer both home and abroad. Sometime i just cant comprehend it. We all have our share of blames, if truth be told. Sometime one could say as black as our skin so black our brain and thinking ability to do good. We strive well when we mix with the white skin and fail totally when we are around the black our pears.

I wonder why the Islamic country could do it better, they send their children abroad with scholarship and when they return, job is on standby for them. However, some of our fathers that make use of Nigeria wealth to study abroad on scholarship came back and make scholarship difficult for ordinary Nigeria but could still navigate scholarship for their generation unborn despite their stolen wealth.

Let the youth decide on our future, and not by one government, because jonathan can only apply animal governance on human government.

I don't have any issue with foreign qualifications (after all, I'm also currently pursuing one), but I don't think we should think because we have foreign certificates (even from the best of schools) we shouldn't compete with locally-trained folks. Let every qualified ones compete and the employers choose the ones he finds most convincing in the selection process.

Yes, we know the educational system there is better, but you have to prove to me the effect of that good system on you as a person by doing well in the selection process ahead of those trained in the bad system we have here.

That's my take. It shouldn't be automatic.

black_beau: Truth be say your village people are involved. Because people with foreign certificate are usually first choice in any employment situation

Says who? Even if you went to a non accreditted Foreign school and majored in a course that can only make people sigh and wonder what was going through your head when you applied?

Donxavier:

Amen. God help us all

Most people I know that left Naija abroad to do masters left cos they couldn't get good jobs after school and went for it soas to boost their chances in the job market. I doubt if they wanted to start businesses. Do you really need to have a masters degree to start an enterprise? I honestly don't think so . Infact, most entrepreneurial dudes don't have paper degrees and all. We left so we could all get good jobs... that's the crux of the matter.

And to be honest, not everybody is cut out to be a business owner and for most people they need to work for some years to even manage their own business. Nigeria isn't like the US or Canada where you can start a business right after school or without going to school at all.
Imagine a Nigerian graduate that the only work experience had is the 6 months of IT and then teaching for a year during NYSC and then they want the graduate to pioneer a business right out of school. He is not even exposed to the nitty gritty of how business works and how to manage people. What about money? Unless you are Dangote's kid or Padddy Adenuga where will you get the money? I could go on and on and on.

I know there are the bill gates and aliko dangotes of this world, but those dudes are the exceptions rather than the rule. What do I need billions of dollars for?
Just a decent paying job is enough for most people. Is that too much to expect in a useful country?

Sure, you do not need a degree to run a business, but what I find is that those who don't have higher education training, who venture into business, tend to be stuck in one stage throughout their business lifecycle. They rarely grow into big enterprises. This is because they lack the vital knowledge required to take the business to the next level, with management, strategy, human resource issues, all addressed (if at all) on an ad-hoc basis. A good management or business strategy degree at the helm can make the difference between your company ending up a small time affair, or ending up as the next Oando.

As for employment, I still maintain that one ought to be able to create employment for oneself on the strength of what they've learnt on a Masters programme. One can always brush up their entrepreneural skills with a short course in business management and strategy. Knowledge about how to access capital is also one that should be learned as part of/or together with, any higher degree programme. There isn't really a shortage of lending capital out there. It's all about packaging your idea properly, getting a few experienced hands on your board, getting a fabulous business plan, and pushing it to the right people/institutions/investors.

potentpraise: Interesting when you see Nigeria youths pouring there concern about looking for job. Education this days is a total financial waste if the meal ticket can not get you a meal. If you go abroad to spend 7million on Education and some even more and at the end of the day, you are looking to be hired and now disappointed that there is no Job, i guess you are born to be slave.

There are many Nigerians not to talk about many Americans that are on the billionaire list that barely have undergraduate degree. Many of them knew that they would be wasting their time and resources to stay under someone for 3 hours a week class and at the end of the day accumulating grades that can not guarantee you a work not to talk of getting you job in your chosen field. But the sad news is that this is a global mistakes that university degree provides wealth, because the people that controls the billions are contented with high school degree and make use of it to generate billions.

Making billions is not the ultimate goal of everybody, mind you. A lot of people are comfortable with a decent job, decent private savings and investment. School guarantees you that more. If I rise through my 'salaried job' to become a GM or ED in a bank, I don't think I wont live a comfortable life, send my children to best of schools, have a couple of houses and decent side businesses. I don't need to be a Bill Gate or Adenuga.

Oh, Wow! I thought I was the only one going through this. Ive already given up cuz I thought my village pple are behind my unemployment ordeal It will be 1yr in May since ive been in Nigeria with no job after doing a maters course in United Kingdom. But the irony of all this is that, ive been surviving ever since and loving it. I wouldn’t survive 4 months without a job in the UK… abeg no place like home although its not always so homely. Ak 'say' that!

Slant77: Yea, it's quite easy to just accept that "there are no good jobs out there", but the thing is it depend on you.

If you're good and you groom yourself (speak good english, dress for the job you want, LEARN BASIC INTERVIEW SKILLS (this one is very very important) and have the right attitude), the jobs are there.

I've seen people (that I knew before "hammering" & still know) who had no connections and did not school abroad, who have gotten good jobs.

If you've got yourself a foreign degree, good for you. One good advice - drop the accent , it pisses interviewers off . Every interviewer wants to be sure in his/her mind that you can fit in (and work well in teams made of poeple - who are Nigerians living in Nigeria)

infact, don't bother wearing that sharp Italian suit as well. it may work against the applicant.

Jarus:

Making billions is not the ultimate goal of everybody, mind you. A lot of people are comfortable with a decent job, decent private savings and investment. School guarantees you that more. If I rise through my 'salaried job' to become a GM or ED in a bank, I don't think I wont live a comfortable life, send my children to best of schools, have a couple of houses and decent side businesses. I don't need to be a Bill Gate or Adenuga.

Help me tell am o. Must I be bill gates or Dangote? Most of these drop outs or so called drop outs all came from rich homes that had enough money to put into businesses. People just dey yarn opata... Be like Dangote or Adenuga my a.s.s

Krucifax:


Na wah oo. You must be using Juju No be you say you want start pure water bizness few months ago for ya papa house??

Guy! Abeg, no let make my oga see me they laff for work joor.

you're just too wicked & badt at thesame time Choi!!

Deleted

mba emeka: @Oga Jarus,

I understand where you are coming from and the young lads success story,kudos to him. Here's my point: for every one of your guy(s) story there are about 3 from the otherside of the divide. That's where I'm getting at. For example, you talked about a 2012 recruitment in SHELL. It so happens that I know about 4 people that participated in that recruitment. 2 of them are still waiting to resume after having done their medicals (they both graduated with first class engineering degrees).For the sake of discretion/common sense I would've typed a ladies name that currently works with SHELL that served with them and was retained. During the interview process for the job her contact asked her to send him her SRD number. When it was time for her to make a presentation and answer question from the assessment day exercise she was excused. I mean she didn't do a darn thing but today she works there. I also know or rather I heard of another guy that has been waiting to resume since 2011 (after doing his medicals too). But here is the real poser- why keep all these top engineers: scrutinized and approved by your process on a waiting list only to commence another recruitment process for another year? Does it in anyway infer that their positions have been given out?

Also you talked about his(your lads) stint with IPS, working for Oando etc. I remember clearly stating that some form of experience pertinent to the applied job also does help. I didnt say the whole merit thingy has been done away with, far from it! The niggling issue (I dare say) is that the meritorious recruitment has seriously waned.

At a more experienced stage the process is quite better but I can assure you at the entry point its worse off. Albeit I believe that Chevron has the least recruitment malfeasance, the magomago is still there. Their facilities recruitment was good but what became of their Petroleum engineering one? After the whole recruitment process they still gave the job to their staff on contract.I have stories about Addax too but they(all the IOC's) are better than AGIP. Those ones won't even advertise sef yet they'd be recruiting people every year. Risible.

This is Nigeria!

Guy the recruitment exercise I talked about earlier was this same one by Chevron for petroleum engineers. Look at what I wrote, how can you say they employed their brothers. You just have a defeatist attitude. You're a loser at the bottom of your heart.

coogar: Foreign Degree & The Nigerian Reality

Nigeria is a highly blessed country to an abundance of mineral wealth and an energetic work force sadly, it is easier for a Senator to disclose how much he earns than for one to land any gainful employment here. Thus, in a bid to stand taller than most of my peers in the labour market, I joined the league of those who travelled to the United Kingdom for further studies. As a warning, those of you still contemplating returning to Nigeria for good should either look away now, or be ready to be jolted.

When I decided to relocate to Nigeria after a little under a decade in Europe, I did not imagine it would be easy to start a better life here; a life powered by a lucrative job. I did not reckon I would still be grappling with the viciousness of the Nigerian situation more than a year after I returned. I had many job promises from friends and contacts that gave the impression they had something to offer. I was very confident and couldn’t wait for my flight to depart London Heathrow Airport for the journey back home.

Finally in Nigeria, the euphoria of being back to a place I call home started to wear off after a month. As a man on a mission, I started moving round the country armed with my CV and a strong faith in Nigeria. I thought my newly acquired British accent and my UK certificates would make a difference. Well, my certificate has not made any difference and my “fake” accent only made most interviewers unfriendly. The only difference I have noticed is that the soles of my shoes have started wearing off due to trekking and my London clothes have started “fading”.

I have attended many interviews, passed all of them and asked to “be ready to resume in two weeks”. Well, it is gone past one year now, and I have finally given up on this country. One thing though is clear, people such as Reuben Abati and Doyin Okupe might disagree (who cares?), but about 90 per cent of jobs in Nigeria go to cronies of either those in government or those working in places where such vacancies exist. Merit has been thrown to the dogs and that is why you find all manner of unintelligent people working in sensitive positions all over the country.

Well, why not start something on your own, don’t expect the government to do everything for you, you know? What have I not tried? Even though it smirks of having a pessimistic disposition towards striving to make a living here, the fact remains that the government of Nigeria has not put the enabling environment in place for the advancement of private enterprise. That may well explain why you notice that only those that are close to the government make the list of “20 richest Nigerians”.

It is really a harrowing experience having to explain to friends why a business plan you thought was going to work out perfectly in Nigeria collapsed the very moment you stood up to try it out. Nigerian banks are not helping matters either; it is easier for a Boko Haram chap to embrace Christianity than for a Nigerian bank to agree to give you a loan to start a business. Be ready to produce all manner of “collateral”, your great-grandfather’s living next of kin, among others. This is the first step towards being disillusioned here.

If eventually you manage to establish something that has a semblance of a consultancy, or able to team up with an already established practice, you must be ready to deal with the realities on ground. Warning number one. Do not expect to see everybody exhibiting that rare sense of honesty. If you want to show most people that the way things are done here should be dumped for the better ways you learnt abroad, you will find out that you would be on “your own.” Ours is a system whose major fuel-source is corruption ­­— be ready to play ball, or at most, do not attempt to rock the boat.

After a while, you begin to ask yourself if it was really worth the stress-going to spend some good money studying abroad only to come back to Nigeria armed with a foreign certificate, an accent that makes you sound funny. Well, given another opportunity, I will do it again, and again. Quality education is power.

But then, what is the way forward?

I believe strongly that Nigeria remains one vast and lucrative market. Whoever that is daring will surely hit gold here. However, the key is to discard any false hopes that suggest that having a foreign degree is an assurance to some splendid employment. That was in the past.

Secondly, it is better to do a research on your intended engagement before you jet into Nigeria. From experience, all I had going for me was a luggage filled with job promises and a conviction that my foreign certificates would speed up the process of getting a good job. Wrong. People here excel in promising what they know is not within their power to do.

Thirdly (maybe most importantly), save up some cash before relocating to Nigeria-at least, enough cash to last you for about a year. Friends are many when you are “fresh” from overseas but the vanishing acts commence the moment you start moaning about paucity of funds and no employment. Most “friends” have a mental problem that makes them run faster than Usain Bolt the moment they suspect you will start asking for a loan. So, make sure you pinch your resources till you are sure of a regular income.

On a lighter note, be ready to become a Bible carrier, a “practising Muslim”, or a strong adherent of African Traditional Religion. You will be ridiculed, excluded and mocked the moment you attempt to convince your mates that there is so much poverty and ignorance in Nigeria, not because one is not a follower of any religion but because we have over the years, been ruled by visionless men and women whose major pre-occupation was looting our resources and banking same in foreign banks. Has that situation changed?

Finally, Nigeria is a beautiful country with a majority of the people willing to work to make a living. However, years of poor leadership and a docile citizenry have made living in Nigeria appear like being in hell. Believe me, there is everything stacked against you here, but the reality remains that you must be daring and be ready to get dirty to make a living here. Nigeria is the place to be. There are countless opportunities in Nigeria-we are not bad people, but our government is peopled by bad citizens.

by John Chikadibie Okafor.

try make things brief. feel lazy to read these days

Krucifax:


Na wah oo. You must be using Juju No be you say you want start pure water bizness few months ago for ya papa house??

Na wa for Nairaland

saxywale:
infact, don't bother wearing that sharp Italian suit as well. it may work against the applicant.

why not, if u're looking to resume as the Corporate Affairs Director

But if u're looking for entry level good paying job, dress for just that

ngoziliz: try make things brief. feel lazy to read these days

And if you fail interview due to narrow-mindedness (not reading valuable writings), you will say na your village witches dey follow u

Jarus:

Making billions is not the ultimate goal of everybody, mind you. A lot of people are comfortable with a decent job, decent private savings and investment. School guarantees you that more. If I rise through my 'salaried job' to become a GM or ED in a bank, I don't think I wont live a comfortable life, send my children to best of schools, have a couple of houses and decent side businesses. I don't need to be a Bill Gate or Adenuga.

Of course you don't have to be Adenuga, neither is it possible for you to rise through a company to become a GM without being thrown out once they see that you are living a life style that look a little comfortable. If you aim a little high, you could eventually own your own company. To rise in any Nigeria company to GM, you will either be the owner relatives or family friend. Becoming a Director could be easy with government Job, either way, you still need to do some politics. So you can either take the bull by the horn and start a company that you can grow and become the group chairman or play politics while trying to be GM.

Jarus:

And if you fail interview due to narrow-mindedness (not reading valuable writings), you will say na your village witches dey follow u

lol...hey jarus, howdy?

Donxavier:

Help me tell am o. Must I be bill gates or Dangote? Most of these drop outs or so called drop outs all came from rich homes that had enough money to put into businesses. People just dey yarn opata... Be like Dangote or Adenuga my a.s.s

You are all missing the important point, which is: it is ridiculous to pay 7 million for a meal ticket and can't even get meal for one day with it. Why wouldn't you use the 7million to invest in a business that could make you get to the echelon of success where you do not need to have your toe shoe begging for attention.

When you aim high, you might not get there, but it get you much farther from poverty, than when you aim low

potentpraise:

You are all missing the important point, which is: it is ridiculous to[b] pay 7 million[/b] for a meal ticket and can't even get meal for one day with it. Why wouldn't you use the 7million to invest in a business that could make you get to the echelon of success where you do not need to have your toe shoe begging for attention.

When you aim high, you might not get there, but it get you much farther from poverty, than when you aim low

Because the 7 million can easily be squandered away running your so called business or making the so called investments. It's you that don't get it. How many successful businesses are out there? shey cos Forbes celebrates the successful once and nothing gets said about the failures. Maybe you should Google the failure rate of most start ups. And look up how many start ups make the transition from 'The Facebook' to Facebook.

Look it's not about starting a business, you need to be cut off for the whole nine yards( the whole ordeal).

Donxavier:

Because the 7 million can easily be squandered away running your so called business or making the so called investments. It's you that don't get it. How many successful businesses are out there? shey cos Forbes celebrates the successful once and nothing gets said about the failures. Maybe you should Google the failure rate of most start ups. And look up how many start ups make the transition from 'The Facebook' to Facebook.

Look it's not about starting a business, you need to be cut off for the whole nine yards( the whole ordeal).

As far as i know the number of unemployed is far more than the number of business owner that failed. As a matter of fact its another entrepreneurial failure to go to school and not get job or do something with the meal ticket. So what are we talking about?

potentpraise:

Of course you don't have to be Adenuga, neither is it possible for you to rise through a company to become a GM without being thrown out once they see that you are living a life style that look a little comfortable. If you aim a little high, you could eventually own your own company. To rise in any Nigeria company to GM, you will either be the owner relatives or family friend. Becoming a Director could be easy with government Job, either way, you still need to do some politics. So you can either take the bull by the horn and start a company that you can grow and become the group chairman or play politics while trying to be GM.

WTF, now this is annoying.

Each bank has between 10-15 GMs. Are you saying all of them know the bank owners?

I know people who are GMs in banks today, whose career I followed very well.
Now, don't let me name names. Got a brother that is a DGM in a bank that starts with S, our family no sabi anybody. This is somebody whose career I followed from secondary school. Very brilliant and ambitious dude. Know guys that are GM or DGM in Access, etc.

I'm not ruling out politics outright, but it is most ridiculous to say you can't become a GM or even ED without being family/relative of owner.

And why would a bank throw a GM out because he is living comfortably? Even banks take pride in their guys being 'good looking' (not necessarily ostentatious) - a plus to their brand. I don't work and have never worked in a bank but I don't expect a GM to earn less than N30m per annum. For someone that must have worked for at least 15 years before rising to become a GM and currently earning N30m/pa (not to talk of access to loans etc), you think he won't live comfortably?

coogar:

that country is kwashiorkored!
one must completely detach himself from ethics and morals to operate in most organisations.

Honestly bro. You must crooked, dubious and dishonest to adapt in the Nigerian environment.
Ethics and Good morals have been thrown outside the window. Its mediocrity and Nepotism all the way

Booty4me: Whats d op blabbinq b0ut? Meanwile 5th 2 comment

u still carry this ur first or second to comment issue enter new-year,I think say I hear say one pastor don give u deliverance from the sickness wey dey do u

Jarus: I don't have any issue with foreign qualifications (after all, I'm also currently pursuing one), but I don't think we should think because we have foreign certificates (even from the best of schools) we shouldn't compete with locally-trained folks. Let every qualified ones compete and the employers choose the ones he finds most convincing in the selection process.

the question remains - will the employers select based on merits or nepotism? you know - those letter-headed papers from the nigerian senate house instructing the human resources manager to choose aisha that studied physical education over you in an energy group company?

Yes, we know the educational system there is better, but you have to prove to me the effect of that good system on you as a person by doing well in the selection process ahead of those trained in the bad system we have here.
That's my take. It shouldn't be automatic.

it's never automatic - the selection process is flawed in my opinion!
those evil employers want their palms rubbed before one gets a decent shot at landing a dream job. i know some got there on merits but what's the percentage?

Jarus:



ROTFLMAO. Guys don vex o. Naming names

Not until folks realized that there is difference between being educated ( formally/informally educated and informed ) and being a paper/certificate holder ( formally educated but uninformed ), would we make progress in this great country of ours. Having a degree ( foreign or local ) is not a proof of intelligence . We do not need uninformed people , but educated and informed people to make progress on individual basis ,in corporations and in transforming our great country at large . To me, the OP sound formally educated but uninformed, a person of such has no chance in my company . Besides , self-education is the best form of education any one who wishes to become great should be longing for , " formal education will earn you a living , while self-education will earn you fortunes".

potentpraise:

Of course you don't have to be Adenuga, neither is it possible for you to rise through a company to become a GM without being thrown out once they see that you are living a life style that look a little comfortable. If you aim a little high, you could eventually own your own company. To rise in any Nigeria company to GM, you will either be the owner relatives or family friend. Becoming a Director could be easy with government Job, either way, you still need to do some politics. So you can either take the bull by the horn and start a company that you can grow and become the group chairman or play politics while trying to be GM.

Gbam..finish and klaar

d_stranger: Honestly bro. You must crooked, dubious and dishonest to adapt in the Nigerian environment.
Ethics and Good morals have been thrown outside the window. Its mediocrity and Nepotism all the way

This is the truth. Ethics had been thrown out since my father's generation . Most of our fathers lost their jobs for not willing to allow corruption to brew under their watch in the 80's/90's and they paid dearly for it. We all know the dynamics of 'business' in Nigeria. I even have some in my family . They are 'succeeding' quite alright.