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Bigrovar's Posts

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AutosRe: Total Cost Of Clearing A Vehicle In Nigeria by bigrovar(m): 8:21am On Apr 13
oliverjiad:
yes I mean new typo error

Budget ₦9m for it
Is that the total for clearing and everything? Like you pay 9-10m and you pick the car all clearing fees - to custom included?
AutosRe: Total Cost Of Clearing A Vehicle In Nigeria by bigrovar(m): 5:24pm On Apr 12
oliverjiad:
from the look of things it'll be for mee vehicles

But we never know yet sha
Do you mean new vehicles?

How much is it to import a Tesla Model Y 2022.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 7:10pm On Sep 30, 2025
mank1234:
Impressive setup. The growth is massive. Few years ago, I guess you didn't believe you did generate and consume this much.

Is the automation still necessary with this much power?
Yes o... automation is always necessary to make things more optimized/
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 1:11pm On Sep 29, 2025
abuzz33:
What happened to your DIY battery bank?
got dismantled and assembled into a proper battery case.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 1:10pm On Sep 29, 2025
Tdoctor:
1. Please, where did you get the micro inverter? In Nigeria or outside? It would seem a good option for what I want to do.

2. Second, are you using Victron Smartsolar or Bluesolar?

Your system is eye-candy.
From Alibaba
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 8:20pm On Sep 28, 2025
FEGEITOK:
Nice job Sir.

A question for you

What is the thinking behind 3 inverters instead of 1 almighty inverter?


1. Multi RS 6kVa

2. Multiplus 2 10kVa

3. Deye Micro Inverter 2.2kW
Good question. So this is an upgrade which meant add more to what I already had.

I was moving to a new place which had lots of energy demand. (5 Air conditioners, 3 water heaters, electric oven, pump, electric coolers etc.

My Victron MP 10kVa was not going be able to power all that load plus house essentials.

I also needed to add more solar capacity.. the result was to get a Victron RS kill 2 birds with 1 stone. The RS has 2 built in chargers and it's a 6kW inverter so I set it to handle all the essential loads and socket.

The Multiplus was then given the heavy appliances AC, heater, cooker etc.. this works fine for me because I get to leverage on the low frequency of the Multiplus which is ideal for heavy appliances.

My options where limited, getting a Deye for example would creates issues of whole system integration, I can't get another Multiplus cause it would be too expensive and I would still need another a couple of charge controller..

In the end getting the RS was a no brainer.

The micro Inverter was considered to help support the Multiplus by helping to left part of the heavy loads. It also allows me to add more PV without having to buy yet another CC. It was also quick "cheap"
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 8:14pm On Sep 28, 2025
CuteMaro:
Very Impressive. Is this for industrial or home use?
Home
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 2:25pm On Sep 28, 2025
Major Upgrade to My Solar Setup (20kW Hybrid System)

I just wrapped up a big upgrade to my solar system. It’s now a 20kW hybrid solar setup — built mainly on traditional off-grid components, but I also added some grid-tie functionality using Deye Micro Inverters in AC-coupled mode.

This project has been in the works for over a year, and there’s a lot going on under the hood beyond just the specs:

IoT & Control: Built a custom system computer using a Raspberry Pi 4 Compute Module running Venus OS + Node-RED.

Smart Automation: Created several Node-RED flows to keep the system efficient. One cool one uses the Solcast weather forecast to predict tomorrow’s solar yield and automatically decide whether to allow grid input — and how much.

Monitoring & Dashboard: I switched to Grafana for visualization. The new dashboard gives a detailed view of performance and energy data.

I’m working on a detailed overview (with schematics) to explain how everything is connected. Hopefully, it will inspire anyone looking to build or upgrade their own setup.

👉 Live Dashboard:
https://helio.openculture.org.ng/public-dashboards/867d6afd562543508eaf080533e7b652

Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 12:57pm On Sep 28, 2025
Valto:
the bot de vex seriously this days..

we are now official distributor of JK and Jikong bms and accessories in Nigeria .
congrats and to more wins
Technology MarketRe: All Offerup, Letgo, Craigslist, 5miles, Ebay, Amazon Deals.*READ FIRST PAGE* by bigrovar(m): 7:58pm On Jun 08, 2025
Rakiticbarca:
HP EliteBook 745 G6 Laptop
14-inch FHD Display
AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 3500U 2.10GHz
16GB RAM
256GB SSD
2GB AMD Radeon Vega 8 Graphics Card
Backlit Keyboard
Laptop and Charger


₦ 300,000

Please is this still available?
LAGOS
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m):
For sale is a used Victron MPPT 150/70 Solar Charge Controller that has been a reliable part of my solar setup.

This unit is in good working condition and has been well-maintained.

Key Features:

Maximum PV Input Voltage: 150V

Maximum Charge Current: 70A

Battery Compatibility: Works with 12V, 24V, and 48V systems

Supports Lithium, Tubular and AGM batteries.

Condition: Shows minor signs of use but has been thoroughly tested and functions as expected.

Cosmetic Condition: Light cosmetic wear that does not affect performance. Maintenance: Regularly maintained and fully operational.

350k

08075150964 (WhatsApp only)

PropertiesRe: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by bigrovar(m): 4:37pm On Jan 23, 2025
diordaves:
₦40 million kwanu? Just for the solar system to power possibly just one unit of AC. I've said it before on this forum and I will say it again. It makes no economic sense to spend close to 50 million on a Solar system just because you want it to power an AC unit.

It is better to have a budget of about ₦5 million on Solar. This will power lights, fan, fridge. Then get an Inverter generator to power AC for the few minutes one needs it and invest the remaining ₦35 million that will be yielding income to buy fuel to power the inverter generator.
I will say this again, the biggest problem here is fraud and or incompetence. 40 million is a lot for solar even in this economy. I live completely offgrid going to 8 years now and I have an AC running almost 24 7. My system even though I use very high end components (which many consider the BMW of solar components) don't cost me 15m in today pricing. This means if you use equally cheaper and just as capable solar components like reputable Chinese brands like Deye.. you can even get similar outcome for less.

I posted a video of some of the appliances I run on my system on my tiktok channel
https://www.tiktok.com/video/7462784862932536581
PropertiesRe: Why Did Nigerians Stop Using Louvers Windows by bigrovar(op): 8:43am On Jan 23, 2025
laivwire:
Honestly, my family house still has louvres but they are old and badly done. The glass panes were roughly cut so they can cut your fingers if you hold them. The frames are also light and are rusty. They bend and usually let the glass pane slide out which can be harmful.

I plan to refurbish the house this year and still use louvres. There are some louvres I have come across in Europe, so smooth you won't hear any squeaks, the louvre edges are finely finshed you can rub your palms across them. They are also thick and clear, tightly held within the louvre handles and can close shut with no gaps.

I know someonw whould actually still sell high quality glass louvres and frames in Nigeria and I wish I can get that quality. if not, I intend to import them. The house is where I spent my childhood and won't trade it or change much about it for anything. It brings fond memories.
Hey bro, did you every get to do this? where you able to import the louvres?
PropertiesRe: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by bigrovar(m): 7:51am On Jan 20, 2025
For anyone interested in my setup.. the description is in my signature.. You can also see my system performance.. in real time via the publicly available solar monitoring dashboard for my setup https://vrm.victronenergy.com/installation/453590/dashboard
PropertiesRe: General Topic Thread-To Discuss Anything And Everything in Building Construction by bigrovar(m): 7:47am On Jan 20, 2025
visaclick:
post videos boss, everyone i knew that did it later regretted. It couldn’t power none of the ac up to 1hr
I came upon this post and it makes me kinda sad. Whoever posted this has obviously been duped by quarks and he is now projecting his experience everywhere. Before I proceed let it be known that I am not an installer neither do I do solar installation commercially.. I don't take jobs so I am not here for business. I am here just to share my experience on the viability of solar as an alternative and how economical it is.

Who am I, and what are my creds. I am an off-grid solar enthusiast and someone who have been using solar since 2016.. I have been completely off the nigerian grid since 2018 and I continue to live off-grid today. I setup my own system DIY and I also contribute a lot in terms of advocacy education and enlightenment on how we can improve the general standard and quality of installation and solar equipment available in Nigeria.

I run a Telegram group called "DIY Solar Nigeria" which has grown to over 6000 members. The group is focused on sharing experience and peer to peer support for Nigerians into solar or about to get into solar. We educate ourselves on best practices, resolve issues, share information on authorized dealers on solar product etc.

Like I said currently power my house completely on solar. I have a 10kW solar array, 10kva inverter and a 28kWh Lithium battery.

This system powers everything in the house. including 2 AC (1 can run for 12 hours and the other can run 24 hours) I also have vaccum, air fryer, 250 liter freezer 220 liter fridge (both of which are always run), I have a 1.5hp water pump, microwave and a home computer lab with over 15 mostly low power computers including a home automation cctv and media system + 2 65 inch TV and a host of other home appliances.

I have been growing my system little by little since 2016.. you can check my post history.

So yes, with the current state of things as at 2025, you can have a solar setup that would power all your house needs at least have 1 or 2 ACs especially if their are inverter ACs,

The biggest challenge is finding a competent installer who would do a competent system for you.

The hardest part of solar is design (it is not different from construction in that regards) once you start with a good design to match usage.. then you are off to a good start.

Here are some solar schematics I have worked on which you can use as reference for your own setup


Oga solar
Although I call it Oga solar, this is actually a slightly above mid sized system which should power 1 inverter AC run at least 12 hours a day especially when used with grid. It would be a very good generator replacement. I have indicated the average power that can be put on such a system in a daily basis. https://solarplan-l.openculture.org.ng/?ref=blog.openculture.org.ng

hansolo design is a more scaled down version oga solar and it is ideal for small house hold say 2 bed room apartment but can power 1 inverter AC over night https://solarplan-m.openculture.org.ng/?ref=blog.openculture.org.ng

here is a video were I installed a solar setup from scratch using the hansolo design.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blDPy4pUPYY

Again I did not come here to promote any business and I don't take jobs. I came to share my own experience on solar and dispel FUDs about solar.

https://solarplan-l.openculture.org.ng/?ref=blog.openculture.org.ng
AutosRe: KYB Shock Absorber by bigrovar(m): 4:49am On Sep 26, 2024
How much is genuine shocks for 2015 Corolla.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 7:22am On Sep 21, 2024
isangjohnson:
That person that told you that you need a 24v inverter to be able to power your fridge or freezer NA QUACK.
I will suggest you stop listening to his misleading advice.
I have very little context so pardon me. I am responding to this purely on the face of the comment. I have been a solar user now for over 8 years. My first system was a 1.2kw (inverter) paired with a 480w solar and 2 Tubular batteries. That system paired with the grid was able to power basic house loads including a 130L chest freezer. The freezer ran for 4 hours a day.

I later upgraded the inverter to 2.4kw (Axpert inverter) and pared it with 1.8kw solar (and same Tubular battery as before) and ran the house completely off-grid from this setup for over 2 years (no NEPA setup)

In all I ran a 24v system from 2016 - 2022 and had most of my basic loads like fridge, freezer, occasional microwave, occasional ironing etc.

Of cause I did not run all the powerful loads all at ones but my point is, design design design. System design is 80% of the work on solar.

Key is performing a proper energy audit. Designing your system around the result of your energy audit. I used 2 tubular batteries, 2.4kw inverter and 1.8kw solar panels to power a 2 bedroom apartment completely off-grid and I lived quite comfortably (as comfortable as you can live without AC LOL)

Even now with a much upgraded system, you can check my daily usage averages at about 1.5kw (when I have 1 AC a freezer, fridge, fan, lots of computers - running in my home lab including a 64 Terabyte NAS with 64g ram and 8 core AMD Ryzen) all of this is running on less than 2kw and when AC is off house load drops to less than 1kw. My VRM numbers is there for anyone to see https://vrm.victronenergy.com/installation/453590/share/df9180a7

People don't use as much power as they think. It is fine and very possible to use a lean prudent, low power system you just have to have the whole system well designed from load to generation to storage.

I wrote a post about lean systems where I talked about how to perform a proper audit https://blog.openculture.org.ng/of-a-budget-solar-inverter-system-energy-audit/

I also made a video of my 24v solar setup back in 2018 which I shared here
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmuA2sU_oIQ?si=6gG1Uw-av7SPaHaS

Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 11:16am On Jul 02, 2024
Sapiosexuality:
I get you. I'm not saying it in a way that is anti science but a sort of unbelieve that we've not found a solution despite our knowledge of classical and quantum physics.

I believe that with some tweaking and application of Faraday, Gauss and Refraction laws it's possible that we'd find a solution just like Leo Szilard did with E=MC². A system that can give 100 percent diversion and guarantee against both direct and indirect lightening.

Maybe there's no technology for it yet but I believe it will be found when engineers start exploring or tweaking the already existing laws in science. It's hard to believe that countries like China will spend billions of dollars on Gigawatts (not mega o) of solar energy and still leave their solar grid to any sort of chance. It has to be 100 percent efficient for them. Or maybe I'm overestimating them.
Science is not that easy. they are many things yet to be well understood talkless "solved" the nature of lightning makes it hard to truly understanding ... opinion are divided on how best to protect against it.. It is still one of the gray area of science.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 11:13am On Jul 02, 2024
brightk:
oga mi ..... since we practice the TT earthing system in nigeria , do you think its wise to do your own neutral/ground bounding on ur mains before going to your db especially to help identify minor earth faults.....
No please don't TT system is designed to have the earth (the ground you are standing on) to be the bond / return part for your earthing to the GRID neutral (the neutral at your transformer which is should be bonded to the transformer earth. Creating a earth neutral bonding at your hour house main DB is having 2 earth neutral bond which is a no no nooo. You are creating 2 path of returns and bad things happen. It is pretty dangerous to do this.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 9:20pm On Jul 01, 2024
Sapiosexuality:
Seriously? What about countries, like China, that use solar to supply a large percentage of their country? Will a direct attack also attack their grid or there must be a higher method of protection against it? With the level of technological advancement, I find it hard to believe that there isn't any way to stop all types of attack.
Unfortunately physics doesn't care about your believes. You can prevent a direct lightning by using active lightning protection systems like Indelec PREVECTRON3 last time I checked the price (sometimes in 2021) when USD was ₦580 it was over a million for the device alone minus installation.

Direct lightning is a very rare occurrence. What is common is electrical surge induced by indirect lightning strike or lightning strike in a near by location. This is why it is best ( more economical and practical and prudent) to invest in SPD. Lightning is a phenomenon that is still being understood there is no exact science that can predict it or guarantee protection against it. What exist are standard practice on how to increase your chances of surviving the effect and impact of lighting.

My central point is. You need an SPD. The Chinese and everyone who cares about important infrastructure installs SPD. Turning off a device or breaker will not protect against a lighting surge travelling 100s of miles looking for ground. It would arc and jump between contacts.. best to provide a path for it to follow. Of cause we are all adult and thus free to do whatever we think work for us.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 5:28pm On Jul 01, 2024
gadgetplanetng:
Na wa o!
Like the breaker was switched off?
Turning of a breaker is no sure way of stopping and the Electrostatic discharge you get from a direct or near by lightning. You best bet is proper ground and a well installed SPD. Even that is no 100% guarantee especially if it is a direct strike which nothing can survive.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 10:27am On Jun 26, 2024
jonescosmos:
Exactly my concern too.
Going to bury 4 rods is like treating the symptom rather than curing the disease. Of course it might make the leaks to neutral line to hide itself but that doesn't mean it went away. IT WILL SIMPLY FLOW TO EARTH AND YOU WILL HAVE ENERGY LOSS. SOMETIMES WE MISTAKE SOME OF THESE LOSSES AS IDLE CONSUMPTIONS
Besides, the bigger danger is the earth is not energized which should never be the case especially when you consider lots of appliances and metal frame are suppose to be connected to earth. This is why RCD is very important for a TT system. It is meant to spot a differential between live and neutral then trip to ensure safety.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 7:04am On Jun 26, 2024
I would be more concerned about 40v showing up on neutral that is not suppose to happen. Hiding the fault by shunting it to lower than recommended resistence earth rod should not be the solution. 40v is now going to earth.

I personally would be more concerned by 40v on neutral. I don't know much about this installation having a low resistance works then fine. Have you tried installing an ELCB just to rule out leakage to earth?

My focus is on resistential systems not factories or industrial applications. (I stated same in my post)

My post is mainly based on UK code which is what Nigeria is modeled after.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 6:05am On Jun 26, 2024
GloriousGbola:
Please get an earth resistance tester and confirm the earthing. It should have a resistance of less than 10 ohms or if it is very good 5 ohms. We found that one of our installations had a resistance of 15 ohms and we had to use four earth rods and bentonite to resolve this.
Please don't go broke trying to get sub 10 ohms earth resistance. For a TT system at least going by UK electric code for residential systems. (We use TT earthing system in Nigeria)

Minium theoretical earth electrode resistance is actually 1666 Ohms. Now that is theoretical. In practice anything below 200 ohms is considered ok but below 100 ohms is recommended.

10 ohms and below are requirement for industrial applications and power equipments line transformers, power substations, Network Masts etc.

They are not a requirement for home earthing of electrical components. To get anything below 10 ohms for domestic earth rod would be very expensive.

The important thing to note in all of this is that. Homes are required to use RCDs to compliment a domestically installed earthing system.

This helps to provide protection in place of a very low earth electrode set out to provide ie trip a breaker in the case of an earth fault. Since 100 ohms earth rod is incapable of tripping a breaker. An RCD does that job

Source

https://www.tlc-direct.co.uk/Book/8.6.1.htm

https://community.screwfix.com/threads/tt-earthing-readings.173423/

https://www.quora.com/In-a-TT-earthing-system-how-does-the-fault-current-go-through-the-consumer-earth-rod-to-source-the-earth-rod-through-the-earth-because-the-earth-s-resistance-is-too-high



If your RCD trips then that is a bigger issue with your electrical connection which needs to be fixed and not a or problem with your earthing.


Secondly lots of people including me use to go all in on likes of bentonite and GEMs. Until I realize just drilling your earth rod into the ground should be sufficient..

See compacted earth and length of earth rod matters more than some of these Earthing materials. From all the literature I have read on the issue, getting an 8 foot earth rod (copper bonded is fine and stronger than all copper earth rod which can be quite brittle)

Just drilling your earth rod on undisturbed compacted soil ensures the earth is fine.
At least you can carry out soil resistant before you start.
If you live in a place of high soil resistant or rocky place then you can consider an eathing enhancer just note that
most of the GEMS currently in the market are fakes / immitation. I spoke to the authorized distributor for GEMs and he said he doesn't stock them any more due to high dollar rates. Last one he sold went for 80k for 12.5kg bag.

Bentonite is a good alternative earth rod backfill but again I am not sure on the quality product we have in the market.

Bentonite also tend to expand and crack when dry this allows air bubbles which means some part of your earth rod losses contact with the earth if encased in bentonite.

Most people in the west just put the ground rod directly into the ground (without digging a hole) The idea is digging a hole reduces the compactness of the soil, a soil disturbed and backfilled might take 20 years to compact again. Soil compactness is required to ensure the rod maintains contact with the soil around it and contact is not lost if the soil settles.

I go with the school of thought that believe that if you can drive a long enough earth rod like 8ft and above you should be fine without any extra hole digging.

Source https://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=11731

When considered the minimum recommended earth resistance is sub 100ohms having a good earthing becomes quite inexpensive and easy to do without delving into sneak oil or spending tons of money.

Earthing is just one part of protection system. You still need to ensure earth neutral bonding is available in your system (by doing an impudence test) hopefully earthing of your grid transformer is done properly.

And if you are on inverter ensure your inverter has a MEN rely when operating in island mode.

Also your RCD.. if you get a lot of nuisance trip consider a 300mA RCD for the whole house just make sure the trip time is below 50ms.

Also take time to identify why your RCD is tripping.

This is my humble take on this. Remember I am not a qualified electrician so please feel free to take whatever I say with a pinch of salt.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 10:42am On Jun 20, 2024
Just to add to my post above. The SPD I use for my setup are

300v DC Midnite SPD for my 2 PV array. They are connected in series with my PV combiner box. The PV as a VOC of about 150v hence the closest rated Midnite SPD was their 300v series. I got it from amazon US

For the AC I use Schneider Type 2 SPD sold from the official schneider shop herehttps:///product/iprd40r-modular-surge-arrester-1p-n-350v-with-remote-transfert-a9l40501-5935598

They also have a type 1 spd https:///product/schneider-electric-iprd65r-modular-surge-arrester-1p-n-350v-with-remote-transfert-a9l65501-5935603

Just note that you are as good as your weakest point. There is a lot to know and understand about SPD how they are installed and such. You can reach out to people who have good understanding of them to ensure your setup is apt otherwise you will just be wasting money.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 10:26am On Jun 20, 2024
osayuwamwen:
I think dc breakers are suppose to serve as protection but there are some lightening that doesn't pass through the panel or breakers they go straight into the house and destroy any electrical appliances that is on, I have been using my inverter for the past 1year even during raining days I have never switch off except wen it goes off during low voltage or wen nepa bring light, I have only change the breaker btw the panel and controller once, I am talking from experience I might be wrong though
I see a lot of people discuss their challenges with lightning induced electrical surges. Let me start by saying I am in no way an expert on this subject. You still need to reach out to experts and read on your own so this should not be considered a professional advise more a how "I" did it.

Another thing to get out of the way is. no amount of protection help you in case of a direct lightning attack.. No amount of SPD or surge protectors. A direct lightning takes almost everything. Fortunately direct lightning are very rare events, what we see mostly are caused by indirect lightning or near by lightning which is what and SPD and lightning protection system can help with.

What are surges. Surges in a system can occur from the grid (NEPA) and most electrical surges comes from the grid.. usually caused by heavy machinery used in a near by house or factory or heavy equipment like fridge and freezers. They introduce spike into your circuit.

Surges can also be caused by induced or sudden increase or spike in voltage / current caused by a near by lightning stike. Such a spike which is called a surge can be very high.. as high as 50kvA to 80kvA. This sudden spike occurs very quickly.. sometimes less than a second.. hence they are usually caused transient electrical surges.. they happen within seconds and dissipate. But they can do damages to electrical equipment within the time they occur.

Like all electricity, Surges are looking for ground and the best way to protect your equipment is to provide a pathway to ground. Ground here means your mean house earthing. This is why earthing is very very important and it is the bedrock which lightning protection should be based.

Check my last couple of posts on earthing and best practice I followed and how you can check your earth resistance to confirm that it is within spec

How can indirect lightning ingress into your house.

Mainly through external fixtures which are linked to your electrical circuit. It could be a satellite dish, or a solar panel, or a cable from the grid. (Nepa connection) all of the listed are can pick up surges induced by near by lightning and bring them into your home.

Protection in layers

There is no one red button that will protect your house from lightning. the best approach to guaranty you survive a lightning surge is to take protection in layers.

SPD or surge protection device helps to protection against all electrical surge by drawing the surge to itself and sending it to ground (your earth rod) and away from your sensitive equipment.

SPD are rated in Type. Type 1,2 and 3

Type 1 SPD Type 1 are usually installed at the entry point to your house. like by the NEPA connection ingress to your house. or by your PV combiner box before it goes into your inverter / charge controller. They are the most powerful and are designed with withstand very large surges.. between 50kVA to 100kVA. The take this large surge and clamp it down to a lower surge like 2.5kva, sending the rest to ground.

of cause 2.5kva is still too much for most of your equipment.. this is where a Type 2 comes in.

Type 2 surge protector are not as powerful as a type 1 and they can handle surges between 40k to 10kva and clamp it down to like 1.1 to 800va .. much safer.. ideally in a well coordinated setup. Type 2 pick up from type 1 or type 1 hands over to type 1 to further clamp down the surge to a safer level. Type 2 are usually installed in your main house distribution box often time paired with the main house breaker.

It should be known that a surge protector should always be paired with an appropriately sized circuit breaker. The surge circuit breaker and earthing work hand in hand. When there is a powerful surge, the SPD trips the breaker and sends the surge to ground.


Type 3 are like your normal APC surge protector power outlets you see in electrical shops and super markets. They handle smaller surges and break it down further for your device.

Things to watch out for when getting a surge protector

- (Ue)The rated voltage. This is the amount of voltage that is allowed to pass through the surge protector. Anything high than that will be shunted down to earth. You want to appropriately size your surge protector so that the rated voltage is just above the rated voltage of the protected circuit. e.g for AC circuit, a 350v or 300v surge protector is ideal if you get an 800v surge protector.. you are letting in way too much surge into your equipment. Remember spd acts like a capacitor, they help protect your equipment from voltage spikes.

This spikes happen all the time and often time equipment are designed to handle them but each spike as stress you want to protect your equipment from.

( Imax)Maximum discharge current. This is the maximum amount of current an SPD can protect it can be 40kA or high or lesser depending on the class / type

Max protection level (Up) This is the voltage surge protector would clamp down the surge to. It can be 1.4kV or 1.5kv

All the above specs are important in setting up your surge protection device.

There is so much to say and write about surge protection. Again not a professional and not qualified to give advise on this. But hope this guide people on how to think around surge protection.

cheers
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m):
bigrovar:
Selling off some excess solar panels and inverter.

Deye 8kw Brand new = 2.3m
Axpert 5kva used = 350k (sold)
4 x 540w 480k (in a bundle) available only FCT
2 x midnite SPD 600v 180K each.

Product and details available here.

https://x.com/bigbrovar/status/1800587475468882317
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 11:42am On Jun 14, 2024
brightk:
The big boss.. am tempted to ask where do we bond this our EARH TO NEUTRAL. I understand that the live and neutral wire from nepa pole end up @ ur meter unit where it is drawn to the db.. Most houses have just one db which powers the entire home. and i know for sure you can only have one EARTH TO NEUTRAL bonding..
In a TT system earth to neutral bonding happens between the consumer ground rod, and the ground rod installed at the NEPA transformer that serves your house. The neutral (that comes into your house from NEPA) and Earth electrode (installed at the transformer) is *suppose* to be bonded together. That transformer earth electrode/rod is connected to your house earth electrode (rod) using the mass of the soil / earth between them. The soil acts as the connector. Faults that goes into your earth rod finds its way to the transformer neutral via the transformer earth rod.

For this to work though, the earthing at the transformer level has to be properly done and not more than 5ohms in resistance. It most also be bonded to the neutral supplied from the same transformer and into your house.

Unfortunately, the above is not always the case, we see situation where transformer earthing is not properly done or the neutral is not bonded to it thus making the transformer run a floating neutral.

There is a test for checking if your electrode is bonded to your neutral (via the transformer ground) in a TT system. It is called ground impudence test. This test checks how much resistance exist between your earth rod and the transformer neutral. I don't know much about this impudence test but a competent ground tester should be able to check it out for you.

If you use an inverter, most inverters have MEN relays for when your inverter is operating offgrid or in island mode (in this case disconnected from NEPA) I know for sure that Axpert and SRNE have this MEN relay. It works by bonding ground to neutral when your system is off-grid or when NEPA is disconnected thus ensuring you maintain your earth to neutral bonding. The relay pretty much connects neutral to earth when NEPA goes and disconnects it when NEPA is on.

Some inverters like DEYE don't have this MEN relay hence allowing your system run in what is called floating neutral. You can use an external contactor to fix this but that is another rabbit hole.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 11:12am On Jun 14, 2024
bigrovar:
Like everyone have added, you need to review your electrical fault system including your earthing. You said you had your earthing done, have you had the earthing independently tested to ensure that it is within the recommended resistance required of a TT earth system (which is pretty much what we practice in Nigeria)

You should also ensure that the earth point for all your electrical socket are well terminated, and those terminations are still functional. You can use a multimeter to carry out basic testhing. In my case I run the connect the red probe to the live, and neutral, note down the voltage (which should be around 230v) then I do this same this time with red to live and black probe to earth / ground (the top part of your electrical socket) it should also read 230v. This will let you know the socket it connected to a sort of ground. (It would not tell you how active your earthing is but it is a good indicator)

Light bulb test can also help, get an incandescent light bulb and connect it to live and earth. A well lit bulb indicate decent earthing. Run this across most of your socket to ensure they are well terminated to earth.

Non of the above test should replace a proper earth resistance test which can only be done with proper tooling and by a competent technician. Often time, NEPA officials tend to have this tool so you might want to reach out to your local NEPA office .. you might be able to have someone come run a test on your setup (off the record).

I attached a picture of my previous earthing setup.

For a TT system 200 ohms and below is recommended but anything below 100 ohms is ideal. The earth resistent tester should carry out test of the earth electrode and also check resistant from central earth bar (from your db)

Lastly on the Main Earth Neutral Bonding (MEN). This is not recommended for a TT system. A TT system is technically suppose to have MEN happen between your earth electrode (earth rod) and transformer neutral. The connection between your earth rod and the transformer neutral is meant to happen through the mass of the earth.. basically the soil / ground between your ground rod and your transformer ground (which is bonded to the neutral that comes into your house. (See the attached diagram)

You are suppose to have only 1 MEN in a circuit to ensure that ground loop fault have just 1 path of return. Bonding Earth to neutral in your DB creates multiple fault path because it technically means you have multiple Main earth to neutral.

Lastly, you might want to try installing an RCD to or an ELCB. The latter to detect earth leakage, the former to detect a fault in the system and trip (in other to save life)

Be careful though RCD can become a nuisance if your electrical connection is not properly made.
Just to add, in my case I paid 15k for the assessment and my earth resistant measurement was 17-14ohms. Most people who carry out this type of earth resistant testing are also quite knowledgeable about earthing and fault protection system. They tend to have above average knowledge than the ruff and tumble NEPA official.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 10:44am On Jun 14, 2024
durodee:
Please what could cause my freezer to start shocking? We travelled for a few days and on return I noticed that. Just a mild shock initialy but it got worse today. Only the freezer initially, now the shower shocks IF the freezer is on. Freezer content remained well preserved. I have been using the freezer actively for years (likely 4 years or more though I bought it @12 years ago) . I have tested the socket- not guilty. The freezer works BUT CONSUMES ABOUT 1.5KW/h of power rather than the usual @200w . I noticed that today.
Once I disconnected the freezer, everything becomes normal
Like everyone have added, you need to review your electrical fault system including your earthing. You said you had your earthing done, have you had the earthing independently tested to ensure that it is within the recommended resistance required of a TT earth system (which is pretty much what we practice in Nigeria)

You should also ensure that the earth point for all your electrical socket are well terminated, and those terminations are still functional. You can use a multimeter to carry out basic testhing. In my case I run the connect the red probe to the live, and neutral, note down the voltage (which should be around 230v) then I do this same this time with red to live and black probe to earth / ground (the top part of your electrical socket) it should also read 230v. This will let you know the socket it connected to a sort of ground. (It would not tell you how active your earthing is but it is a good indicator)

Light bulb test can also help, get an incandescent light bulb and connect it to live and earth. A well lit bulb indicate decent earthing. Run this across most of your socket to ensure they are well terminated to earth.

Non of the above test should replace a proper earth resistance test which can only be done with proper tooling and by a competent technician. Often time, NEPA officials tend to have this tool so you might want to reach out to your local NEPA office .. you might be able to have someone come run a test on your setup (off the record).

I attached a picture of my previous earthing setup.

For a TT system 200 ohms and below is recommended but anything below 100 ohms is ideal. The earth resistent tester should carry out test of the earth electrode and also check resistant from central earth bar (from your db)

Lastly on the Main Earth Neutral Bonding (MEN). This is not recommended for a TT system. A TT system is technically suppose to have MEN happen between your earth electrode (earth rod) and transformer neutral. The connection between your earth rod and the transformer neutral is meant to happen through the mass of the earth.. basically the soil / ground between your ground rod and your transformer ground (which is bonded to the neutral that comes into your house. (See the attached diagram)

You are suppose to have only 1 MEN in a circuit to ensure that ground loop fault have just 1 path of return. Bonding Earth to neutral in your DB creates multiple fault path because it technically means you have multiple Main earth to neutral.

Lastly, you might want to try installing an RCD to or an ELCB. The latter to detect earth leakage, the former to detect a fault in the system and trip (in other to save life)

Be careful though RCD can become a nuisance if your electrical connection is not properly made.

Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m): 12:05am On Jun 12, 2024
QuoteJust1nce:
Good evening,
Looking for where to get a sturdy standard 19" server rack.
The ads on Jiji in Lagos are deceptive and nothing to write home about.
If anybody has a source or sells, kindly quote me please; something like 18U
Thank you
I got a 22U rack over the weekend for about 275k (which seem to be the common price in computer village lagos) an 18U should be slightly cheaper. I would find the contact of the seller and post it.
Satellite TV TechnologyRe: Solar Energy, A Complement To FTA by bigrovar(m):
Selling off some excess solar panels and inverter.

Deye 8kw Brand new = 2.3m
Axpert 5kva used = 350k (sold)
4 x 540w 480k (in a bundle) available only FCT
2 x midnite SPD 600v 180K each.

Product and details available here.

https://x.com/bigbrovar/status/1800587475468882317

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