₦airaland Forum

zoedew:
Tell us moooooore!

OBJ will never forgive him

Atiku is the sole reason there is no light in Nigeria

rebranded:
I might be naive here but is it so difficult to have a national emergency number. No matter the state you are in when you dial the number the police or ambulance can be reached.

Can't the telecom come.together as corporate social responsible organisations to make this happen if the government is sleeping!

Somethings seem so basic and simple and yet one wonders where the delay is!

You are naive truly

Mcowubaba:
The film is actually not hyped. It has a great storyline
With an amazing cast, great reviews.
Box office records, and high budget.

Just say it's not your type of series.

Like me, I prefer watching comic series like Big Bang theory, 2 broke girls, Scrubs, How I met your mother, Modern family, New girl, Shameless, Devious maids, Everybody hates Chris, 2 and half men, friends, last man on earth
I have watched them all, lol.
The are my type of films.

I also love a little bit of action/thriller , and series like Breaking Bad, Prison Break, Empire, Lost, Nikita, Better call Saul, Blacklist, Blacklist redemption, 24, 24-Legacy, Lethal weapon, OZ, Blindspot, Power, How to get away with murder, Walking Dead etc does it for me..

On very rare occasions, I may want some bit of epic/mystery/Sci-fiction series, I watch Arrows, Game of Thrones, American gods, Gotham, person of interest, limitless

Mehn, I don watch series oo, I have even forgotten some.

I only watch Game of Thrones because it's one of those shows that had doesn't form suspense just to be 10 seasons long. It has multiple stories and plot twist. I can see the end of most season films

GMBuhari:
PDP spent 15 years, why was it hard ??

Fantastic question.

The rot in this country pass party.

Swagger

You want to send to lion of the tribe of Judah to jail.

Deicide:
Why you day vex na?

Why I no go vex. Simple concepts they can't understand.

Deicide:
He thought it was Binary code or maybe the language of the angels

Niflheim:
CHAI!!!................................................SEE ME SEE WAHALA OOOHHHH!!!!

Biological information=A nucleotide sequence(chemicals)!!!!

You thought it was alphabet? Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha!!!I KNOW OF A FANTASTIC NEW CIRCUS WHERE THEY ARE LOOKING FOR NEW CLOWNS FOR HIRE!!!

You guys are scientific illiterates

Genes (a central component of life) are digital information*.

* Digital information -- such as the instructions of computer code, the hieroglyphic text of the Rosetta stone or Shakespeare's Hamlet -- is not to be confused with order, which can be seen in the spontaneous structure of a snowflake or a crystal.
Order is different from digital information in the sense that order would have the DNA molecule comprised of any A-T or C-G pair in any position along its sequence without this impairing the double helix structure.
But since there is more than just order; there is also digital information, the positions of A, T, C and G not only hold the DNA molecule together but are also highly specific so as to translate meaningful code.

I dont understand why this is soooooo hard for you to fathom or maybe you dont have the intelligence for it?

Ive simplified it here for you ===> https://www.nairaland.com/3943054/information-theory-made-really-simple

Claude Shannon’s 1948 paper “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” is the paper that made the digital world we live in possible. Scientific American called it “The Magna Carta of the Information Age.”

Shannon defined modern digital communication and determined things like how much information can be transmitted over a telephone line, the effects of noise on the signal, and the measures you have to take to get a perfect signal on the other end. It made the Internet possible.

Trouble is, it’s tough reading – college level material for engineers and math geeks. HOWEVER Shannon’s concepts are simple and easy to explain. In just a few minutes you’ll understand Shannon’s concepts and you’ll see that any 7th grader can easily grasp them.

1. This is what a communication system looks like:

https://cosmicfingerprints.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/communication_system1.jpg

An encoder receives input and encodes a message according to the rules of the code.
The code is transmitted across a communications channel.
The code is decoded by the decoder, also according to a fixed set of rules and the message is understood on the other side.

2. What is a Code?

The dictionary defines code as “a system of symbols for communication.”

I define Information as: “Communication between an encoder and decoder using agreed-upon symbols.”

Here, we are interested in digital codes. The most important thing in the system is the code itself.

Here are three examples and one non-example: The Genetic Code, ASCII, the U.S. ZIP code, and sunlight:

https://cosmicfingerprints.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/3codes1.jpg

As you see here, a code is a sequence of symbols that has specific meaning. DNA has a four-bit alphabet, the bits are A – C – G – T. Three bits come together to form a letter called a “triplet” or “Codon.” The Codon GGG is an instruction to make Glycine.

It’s very important to understand that GGG (three Guanines in a row) are not themselves Glycine. They are symbolic instructions to MAKE Glycine.

In other words, the message and the medium are not the same thing.

The message is stored in Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Thiamine, and those bases operate as symbols.
When strung together these symbols form instructions to build proteins; to place those proteins in specific locations; and to build assemblies such as bones, arms, eyes and blood vessels.

Interesting side note: Two other codons, GGC and GGA, also code for Glycine. Each amino acid can be represented by three different codons, not just one. This is called “redundancy”. DNA has a clever mechanism for reducing copying errors, namely that each amino acid has three Codons that code for it, not just one. It means that some copying errors (GGC instead of GGG) will not cause a problem.

This is very, very important – it’s why DNA has survived over 3 billion years intact. More about redundancy in a minute.
ASCII is the standard computer mapping between 1’s and 0’s and the English alphabet.

A = 1000001
B = 1000010
a = 1100001
b = 1100010

…and so on for the whole English alphabet. When you punch the letter “A” on your keyboard, the keyboard sends a 1000001 to the computer. On the other side, 1000001 is interpreted as “A” and displayed on the screen.

The 1’s and 0’s themselves are in turn coded into a series electrical impulses or magnetic bits on a hard drive. 1000001 might be stored on your hard disk as North / South spots of magnetism, i.e. NSSSSSN.

The letter A is not an electrical impulse, nor is it a magnetic field. The electrical impulse or magnetic field represents A. This is what is meant when we say “The message is independent of the medium it’s stored in.”

You can write the word “dog” with ink on a piece of paper but a dog is not ink or paper, and ink and paper are not a dog.
A long string of DNA like ACGGGTCTTTAAGATG——- that DNA pattern might build a claw, but that string of letters itself is not a claw and the claw is not a string of letters.

One of the most common questions I get about DNA and codes is:

“Why isn’t sunlight a code? Why isn’t radioactive decay a code? Why isn’t H2O a code?”

Sunlight is not a code because sunlight is just a stream of photons. There is no encoder in the sun. That photon does not symbolically represent some other thing. The sun does not send out digital streams of photons that obey the laws of a code.

The photon IS sunlight, it does not SAY sunlight. It does not give instructions for making sunlight. It doesn’t have any instructions at all. It’s just a photon. It represents nothing other than itself.

Now somebody will naturally say, “Yeah, but I can look at sunlight through a spectrum analyzer and recognize that it’s sunlight.” Yes, if you intelligently build a spectrum analyzer you can recognize patterns in the spectrum. However the spectrum is not a sequence of digital symbols.
Sunlight is not a code and neither is a rainbow. A rainbow is a spectrum of light and it represents nothing other than itself.

Radioactive decay is just atomic particles decomposing. There is no symbolic relationship. Same with water. Water is water.

The word “H2O” is a code HUMANS have devised to describe water. But as a molecule it just has two atoms that we call Hydrogen and one atom that we call Oxygen. That’s it. The molecule doesn’t represent anything other than itself.

3. Noise and Information Entropy
One of the most important things in a communication system is noise and how well the system deals with it. Noise destroys information. When we add noise to the communication system, here’s what it looks like:

https://cosmicfingerprints.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/noise_info_entropy.jpg

Noise introduces uncertainty as to what the original message was. It was originally 1000001 (“A”) but the receiver doesn’t know that. It might think the message was 1000100 and give you a letter “d” instead.

When Claude Shannon worked out the math, he found something very surprising: The formula for noise in an information system was identical to the formula for entropy in thermodynamics.

Entropy is the irreversible process of useful energy becoming useless energy. The heat coming out of the exhaust pipe in your car is cooler and a whole lot less useful than the heat inside your engine, and that process is irreversible.

All audio engineers know that noise is also irreversible. Once it’s in your recording, you can’t get it back out. It’s in there for good. All you can do is try to disguise it.

Also, noise NEVER improves a signal. There are a few very narrow applications in digital signal processing where noise can be put to good use (i.e. dither and noise shaping) but noise always destroys information. It never creates it.

Shannon measured information in bits, the exact same way that we measure the size of computer files. So one thing that confuses a lot of people is that when you add noise to a signal, it adds bit information to the signal and the signal appears to have more information. In one sense it does – if you add noise to a signal, the signal does contain more data. But you can’t separate the noise out of the signal once it’s in.

Once your signal is lost it’s gone forever.
Also, there is no such thing anywhere in engineering or computer science as a percentage of the time that noise “accidentally” improves a signal.

Nor is there an “optimum” level of noise that you would want in a signal. The ideal amount of noise to have in a signal is ZERO.
Shannon pointed out that the best way to combat noise was through redundancy: Extra letters or numbers in the signal that help you fill in the blanks if there are missing letters.

For example “The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog” is still somewhat readable even if 1/3 of the letters are missing:
“Th q ic br wn fo jum s ove the l zy dog”

That’s because the English language is about 50% redundant. You can usually figure out what the original sentence was as long as at least half the letters are still there.

4. Layers of Communication
Think about this for a second:
Right now, you are seeing a detailed 2-dimensional image on your computer screen. It’s an image of my post on your monitor.
But…
ALL the information you are looking at originally came into your computer on a wire or wireless network, via a 1-dimensional stream of 1’s and 0’s.
How does a single 1D stream of 1’s and 0’s get turned into 2D or even 3D object?
The answer is: Layers.
One of the essential aspects of communication systems is that the codes, the encoders and decoders have layers.
Layers operate like this – multiple encoders and decoders cascaded together:
https://cosmicfingerprints.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/layers_of_communication.jpg
Information is encoded from the top layer down, and it is decoded from the bottom layer up.
Here’s what I mean by this:

6 LAYERS OF ENCODING – TOP DOWN:
Meaning
- is expressed by sentences
-- Which are made of words
--- Which are made of letters
---- Which are made of 1’s and 0’s
----- Which are sent on wire via electrons.

6 LAYERS OF DECODING – BOTTOM UP:
----- Your computer reads the 1’s and 0’s from the wire
---- And decodes them into letters
--- The letters form words
-- The words form sentences
- The sentences give
Meaning.


That’s a linguistic explanation of layers.

Here’s a more mechanical version of communication layers:
- You type a message into your keyboard
-- The keyboard encodes the message into ASCII characters
--- Which go into an email
---- Which is encoded into a TCP/IP packet
----- Which is transported across the Internet via copper & fiber
---- The packet is read from the copper & fiber
--- The email is decoded from the packet
-- The ASCII characters are turned into letters on a screen
- Which your friend reads on her computer.

Now I want you to notice something that’s vitally important and overlooked by almost everyone:

Let’s say you create a Microsoft Word document. You can edit text in Microsoft Word. But if you edit the file in a plain text editor that’s NOT MS Word, you just see garbage. Then if you try to modify and save it, you’ll just wreck the file.
If you want to successfully edit an email message, you have to edit it in an email program.
If you want to change one of the information layers to make it say something different, you have to be IN that layer to change it.
If you skip layers and try to make changes you’ll just wreck everything.
This is why, in computer systems, there are error checking mechanisms in almost EVERY layer. Most people don’t even know they’re there. There’s an error checking mechanism between the keyboard and the PC. There are error checking mechanisms on the hard drives, in TCP/IP packets, in your Wi-Fi and in your email program.

There are also extensive error checking systems in DNA to make sure the data isn’t corrupted. Because it only takes a very small injury to the packet to irreparably damage the whole thing, to the point where it cannot be decoded at all. Even a tiny flaw in a strand of DNA can cause a birth defect, for example.

So let’s bring this back to biology.

These very simple ideas that Claude Shannon introduced have profound and far-reaching implications for Origin of Life Research and Evolutionary Theory:

1. All communication systems rely on prior agreement between encoder and decoder, otherwise no communication can take place.
This agreement between the two sides must be made in advance. It is abstract just like the symbols of the encoding / decoding table. The agreement begins as an immaterial idea, just like the information itself is immaterial.
All communication systems that we know of are designed. There are no known exceptions to this. And if you stop and think about communication, it’s abstract by its very nature. It’s symbolic. Symbols are immaterial. The symbols have to be chosen in advance. The meaning of the message is independent of the medium that carries it.
The very existence of information overturns the materialistic worldview. Materialistic philosophy has no explanation for the existence of information.
2. Communication systems possess something that matter and energy alone do not possess: Information and symbols. Information is an entity on par with matter and energy. Norbert Weiner, the MIT Mathematician and father of Cybernetics, said, “Information is information, neither matter nor energy. No materialism that denies this can survive the present day.”

3. All communication systems are implicitly purposeful. In DNA, the purpose of GGG is to manufacture Glycine. In ASCII, the purpose of 1000001 is to transmit the letter “A.” In the Zip code, the purpose of 68450 is to make sure letters get to Tecumseh, Nebraska.

4. In communication theory, noise is always your enemy. It is NEVER your friend. Random mutation is noise. Noise is information entropy which is the irreversible destruction of information. Therefore random mutations by definition cannot be the source of new information in evolution. There has to be a different explanation for evolution.
(People constantly say to me: “But once in awhile noise could introduce a beneficial mutation.” To that I say, “Try it. Prove it.” People who’ve actually done this with any real-life information system know better. Communication engineers definitely know better.)

5. Information is always created top-down, not bottom-up. Encoding is top down and decoding is bottom up. The highest layer is intent. The lowest layer is the matter or energy that stores the information, i.e. CD or bases in DNA or radio waves in a Wi-Fi network. (Electrical Engineers call this the “Physical Layer.” The term is taken from the OSI 7-Layer Model for computer networking)

6. Because information is created top-down, existing information has to be decoded first before it can be edited or changed in any beneficial way. Edits have to take place within the layer that they are intended to affect. Edits made on the wrong layer, or noise added, only destroys the information packet.
This means that within the genome, “cellular genetic engineering” must also be done top-down, not bottom-up. This completely overturns the traditional Darwinian assumption of random mutation. Random mutations ALWAYS destroy Internet packets and they always destroy DNA.
Beneficial mutations are engineered by the genome via intelligent algorithm, not random mutation.
Communication theory proves that living things were designed; that they are purposeful (teleological); that the information in DNA operates top-down not bottom up; and that evolution is internally directed by the cell and the genome, not by external damage from the environment.
This turns all the former assumptions of materialistic biology upside down. Everything we know about the information age, computers and the Internet shows us that living things are designed and evolve according to an internal genetic program, not random chance.

Niflheim:
@horlufemi,

Are you for real?

The DNA IS NOTHING MORE THAN CHEMICALS!!! CHEMICALS ARE NOTHING MORE THAN LIQUIDS, AND LIQUIDS ARE ONE OF THE 3 STATES OF MATTER!!!.................................................................

1.You have not raised any point, you have only raised errors!!!

2.If you believe that a chemical is not matter then you are either a clown or a candidate for the next edition of a TV show known as the "LUNATIC'S LOUNGE"!!!

3.You seem to have learning difficulties!!!

4.You are disgracing your fellow christian brothers and sisters!!!

Can we get serious?

Now you've just confirmed that you don't know the latest in science. I never mentioned chemicals isn't matter. DNA is matter but it carries information. All I said was Information isn't matter nor energy. You, my friend are not an intellect in the workings the DNA.

Every scientist agree that the DNA is not just chemical, it stores information. I'm shocked that you argue otherwise. I thought atheists are supposed to be the smart ones. Apparently you in particular aren't. Yet you claim you know so much about the DNA that you deny the core and basic functions of the DNA.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA on the 3rd paragraph you will see it.

It's only a lunatic that will see truth, deny it and argue with it.

You need to step up your Science. try to study information theory.


The joke's on you. You need someone to rescue you. A trait of someone with low iq is that they don't know about a subject and in attempt not to look stupid they now narrate all the jargons they know. They now even look more stupid than saying they don't know. You apparently have a low IQ. You can't even argue scientifically.

Address the questions I asked you and stop with you childish evasiveness and insults.

Now are you for real?

Niflheim:
@ameri9ja,

I was warned about you!!! I was warned to stay clear away from you because you are the type of person that loves to hold on to cave man error!!! So far you have not disappointed them(as in the people who warned me that you are not interested in learning anything new)!!! My last and final comment on this thread!!!

LINK 1:........................................http://bigthink.com/robby-berman/theres-no-such-thing-as-nothing-according-to-quantum-physics

LINK 2:........................................http://www.physics-astronomy.com/2017/04/theres-no-such-thing-as-nothing.html#.WXEBFraQzcs

LINK 3:........................................http://feedbox.com/2017/03/theres-no-such-thing-as-nothing-according-to-quantum-physics/

LINK 4:.......................................http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/519405-in-modern-physics-there-is-no-such-thing-as-nothing

LINK 5:......................................https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/nstv/2011/11/why-there-is-no-such-thing-as-empty-space.html


When I saw that your statement about the cavemen being right, and the Quantum Physicists being wrong, I knew that I had to flee from you forever!!! Don't be surprised when you continuously receive insults on Nairaland!!!

Like you fled from my questions. I'm waiting for specific answers from you. https://www.nairaland.com/3907602/calling-all-atheists-need-argument
Runaway atheist

Warship:
Tell the clown called Obi1kenobi whom you quoted to provide the video link of the interview he threatened to release to expose the fraud he claims Kanu is



Obi1kenobi is bloody clown for threatening to expose the video of this interview and yet failed to do so.


Obi1kenobi , Kanu is greater than you and your descendants

All I know is Nigerians are intellectually disabled. Have a wonderful night.

Niflheim:
The information in DNA is neither matter nor energy?..........................................................................................Ki ki ki ki ki ki ki ki!!! This is soooooooooooooooooooooooo saaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaddddddddd!!!

Why are you so reluctant in addressing anything I've raised. Aren't you supposed to be the more knowledgeable one? Its sad I know.

I thought you'll prove why Information is matter or energy.

In simple terms you've been defeated.

If you're not defeated address the points I observed you're avoiding quoting me.

Another Atheist without sound knowledge avoiding questions to hold on to his faith of no God.

Obi1kenobi:
And yet, brainless sheeple can't see through this charlatan?
Odikwa egwu ooo. Make I just dey watch this guy drama dey laugh.

What do you expect? The average IQ of Nigerians is 67. Less than 70 is a disability.

8-4=4

kinibigdeal:
You have no point because of your blind hatred, i got no choice than to divert your attention to your godfather. So, Fayose should start distributing one bag of rice each...

Hatred for who? You? Tinubu? Or Fayose.

You haven't addressed anything I've said.

You reek of hatred. Hatred is for people of low IQ. Low IQ is a disability. I'm sorry but my friend, you're disabled.

Fayose start a farm if he really is serious about stomach Infrastructure.

Address what I've mentioned so far, please.

kinibigdeal:
Tinubu distributed breads some months ago

It's this about Tinubu or about the disturbing actions done by then?

What is bad is bad, stop justifying it.

Or are you one of the Nigerians with low IQ (67 and less is a disability)

Mr Lai no problem. I will love to do that BUT ONLY if there is 24hrs constant electricity in obodo Nigeria.

Simple

kinibigdeal:
If Ortom and that Kogi governor could be doing this, maybe some teachers will be able to feed their family

What on Earth are you saying? Did you see the volume of rice shared?

NIGERIANS have low IQ truly.

alcmene:
The ones that have been empowered, what's happening

Have they all not taken into ritual and human parts business

How many times have you heard ekiti people engaged in the inglorious business of human parts and ritualism?

Oshokomole should carry on jare.... he just have to make sure they formed a straight line and maintain an orderly queue

Which ones have been empowered that are into ritual and human part business?

I've lived long enough to know that every part of Nigeria is involved in rituals and human part sales.

Fayose empower your people. Stop giving them food.

I'm sure this is your Presidential plan

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aA-FcnLsF1g

There is a creator

Niflheim:
@horlufemi,

First and foremost, I want to apologize for recommending brain surgery to you!!! My statement was out of place!!!


ANSWER TO QUESTION 1: The building blocks of DNA can form spontaneously from chemicals(where do chemicals come from and what does this tell you?)

Are you trying to claim that the 4 letters of DNA(AGTC), are real letters? You think that they are real alphabet? Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha!!! So you don't know that they are matter? The alphabets represent "ORGANIC MOLECULES"!!!

For your information, information is information, not matter or energy. No materialism which does not admit this can survive at the present day. IMPORTANT! [/b]Information philosophy agrees that "information is neither matter nor energy," [b]but it needs matter for its embodiment and energy for its communication.

DNA has a 4 bit code. By now you should know we aren't talking about building blocks. We are talking about the complex and specified information stored in the DNA. If you don't know the main role of DNA in the cell is the long-term storage of information. It is often compared to a blueprint, since it contains the instructions to construct other components of the cell, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The building blocks can form spontaneously but they cannot contain information. Its like buying a set of alphabets and pouring them on the ground and expecting them to fall together and make a panagram e.g. the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog using all the letters of the alphabet. Radom letters are just letters. letters with information are specified i.e. use a language, the syntax and accurate spelling. example (dgoheTtehbwornkciquofxerovjpsmulzya )- What your spontaneous can do against (The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog)-proper sensible arranged information

So you mean to tell me all this complex & specified information [/b]about 700 Terabytes (a gram of DNA) 1Terabyte (being modest) of data is formed spontaneously? I must need a brain downgrade or have strong faith

So rethink you answer and answer the rest in earnest.

Let me assist you:

1. Origin of DNA? + the data

2. I hope you agree that all living things contain CSI (Complex and Specified Information) in this case DNA.

3. I hope you agree that information is information, not matter or energy. i.e. [b]Information is not matter, information is not energy.

4. I hope you agree that all information comes from a mind - no exceptions. If you have one kindly drop it here. Please and please don't tell me sand dunes, crystals, snow flakes, ripples, waves, you will be put to shame. Think carefully.

5. Where does the information stored in the DNA come from. Be careful here {There is matter or energy. It is useless or inactive to direct the origin and make of complex life forms without information and consciousness. [DNA stores huge quantities of coded, specified/instructional, complex information. Many DNA strands have 100 million, or even billions of segments (one segment is called a nucleotide. Nucleotides are the building blocks, namely purines: adenine, guanine; and pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine and uracil)]. The simplest known free-living organism, Mycoplasma genitalium, has 470 genes that code for 470 proteins that average 347 amino acids in length. The odds against just one specified protein of that length to emerge without guiding specifying intelligence are 1:10^451.}

Nsonaso:
Have you gotten. I've got the same machine coming @205k

Nice 1, bro.

I got to know that my wife and side chick are one and the same person. She uses make up as the side chick and doesn't at home.

Nonsense

Biafra or death

Niflheim:
It is a pity that christians actually "believe" that a child with "down's syndrome" is a product of intelligence!!!

So christians can actually open their hypocritical mouths and claim that women who are born with a cloaca(sh*t and p*ss all coming out from one single opening), is a product of an intelligent design?!!!


@op

1.This might be the best time for you to get a lobotomy(brain surgery).

2.You never made an argument in the first place.

3.If you should ever travel to Japan in the future, please, do not ask this kind of question in public, or they might bring out a 6 year old kid who will put you to shame!!!

4.Your knowledge of DNA is equivalent to Lionel Messi's knowledge about the history of "ewedu and okro soup"!!!

1. Ok what is the origin of DNA? Since I don't know anything about the DNA.

2. I hope you agree that all living things contain CSI (Complex and Specified Information) in this case DNA.

3. I hope you agree that information is information, not matter or energy. i.e. Information is not matter, information is not energy.

4. I hope you agree that all information comes from a mind - no exceptions. If you have one kindly drop it here. Please and please don't tell me sand dunes, crystals, snow flakes, ripples, waves, you will be put to shame. Think carefully.

5. Where does the information stored in the DNA come from. Be careful here {There is matter or energy. It is useless or inactive to direct the origin and make of complex life forms without information and consciousness. [DNA stores huge quantities of coded, specified/instructional, complex information. Many DNA strands have 100 million, or even billions of segments (one segment is called a nucleotide. Nucleotides are the building blocks, namely purines: adenine, guanine; and pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine and uracil)]. The simplest known free-living organism, Mycoplasma genitalium, has 470 genes that code for 470 proteins that average 347 amino acids in length. The odds against just one specified protein of that length to emerge without guiding specifying intelligence are 1:10^451.}

I know you're intelligent please give me precise and scientifically proven answers.

Think!

I'm waiting

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Fake

post-Nigeria?

Nationwide Jubilation

Who are the people jubilating? Where did they jubilate? Your blog don die before e start.

You no see better place to copy from na from post-nigeria. Shior.

Jubilate ko cripplelate ni