I would like to use this opportunity to congratulate my fellow Nigerians as we clock 61.

We're not yet there but we are on the path of greatness.

The country is facing a lot of challenges ranging from insecurities, poverty, lack of food security, corruption, ineptitudes of our leaders and disunity amongst Nigerians etc. All these have been affecting the progress of the country.

Dear Nigerians, I know we are all frustrated but remember, Nigeria is the only place or country we have, our leaders come and go, and as such our loyalty should be to Nigeria first and do all we can in our little ways to better the country.

Nigeria is 61.
Congratulations Nigeria
Congratulations Nigerians.
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Idris Abdul Ahmed

Boss13:
Unfortunately, the OP doesn't know Kogi and Kaduna is middle belt and not North.

Or you don't know or deliberately trying not to know.

You can call it middle belt or North central, it's still North, and I love it that way.

Kaduna is north west.

seunmsg:


In my opinion, voters turnout in the SE won’t be more than 30% in 2023 and with only 2 PDP governors in the region and no Igbo man on the ticket, I don’t see PDP getting more than 60% of the total vote cast in the region. It may even be less than that. So as it stand, SE won’t be contributing any significant votes to PDP in 2023.

So true boss

A dual citizen of Kogi and Kaduna state, a full-fledged northerner. So before you decide to come down hard on me, just know that I'm a Northerner like you, and a guy.

Since I left Kaduna to further my study after completing my secondary school education, I have encountered a lot of things perpetrated by my gender, against their wives and children precisely.

You go out on streets and see women and children roaming about begging while their husbands are elsewhere, idle.

I can't forget the first day I witnessed a delivery when I was a student on posting. I was so weak that I couldn't stand, had to squat. Not only that, but I began to ponder about women in general and had to agree with women who're in support of their bad kids because what they had to undergo during the birthing process is undescribable, and when I see a child disrespecting his woman, I feel sad and feel like spanking the devil out of the child.

I have seen pregnant women coming to the clinic without funds and with no relations with them. I have heard over the radio how a pregnant woman died in a hospital in Kano without any relations with her, no husband and as such the radio was used to announce her death for any of her relation to come and claim the corpse, and I blame the husband.

Furthermore, I witnessed how a young guy, with intestinal obstruction and in severe pain shouting while counselling his father to do what is required because the dad claimed he's waiting for the family of his wife(the boy's mother) to come. This man had to be forced to get a nasogastric tube for us to decompress the boy. This man has money on him, but he refused to willingly do what is necessary for his child. I could still remember the guy's voice crying that "zan mutu zan mutu" meaning "I'm dying/I'll die" in distress because of the pain. This father was adamant, the boy died during the night after he was transferred to the surgical ward.


I was in shock and heartbroken, like how could a father do this to his son?�

I was told by a colleague what happened during his shift. A young woman in her 20s came with a sick boy on her arms, a baby backed with a young one beside her. She came alone, with nothing, absolutely nothing.

Asked of her husband, she couldn't utter a word, tears. That her husband is at home, imagine at home and refused to do what is required.

During my internship, a woman who delivered needs blood and was asked about her husband, she doesn't know.

There are a lot of men out there, Muslims but not abiding with the Islamic rules in how to deal or interact with our families.

A lot of Muslims are tarnishing the religion with their actions and ascribing such devilish actions with Islam.

They don't fulfil their obligations and yet abuse their wives and children.


Our Islamic clerics and stakeholders (leaders, emirs etc.) needs to do more in calling out such men and making sure that justice is being served accordingly.

The immoralities our society is facing didn't start out of the blues but right from homes and the negligence of men towards their families is a great factor causing this menace.

Men neglect their families, and in a situation where they're separated with the mother of his children, and perhaps the children are with her, he tends to neglect them. A lot of men disappeared from their lives, and you only see them when any of his daughters are ready for marriage, and you see them at the forefront claiming dowry and other stuff.


Men need to do better, and since I am in the north and from the north, Northern men need to do better.

I didn't type this to demonize Northern men or men in general but to voice out what had been bothering me.

Our ladies and women deserved better. Especially those who are there for their kids and for their families. They deserve better. Instead of giving them the love and support they need, why hurt them.

There are men out there who are sacrificing their all for their families, but you see some men hurting their families. The sacrifices men do for their families are uncountable.


My message is for those who're hurting their families. My message is for those men and not the good men from the North, not the Northern men that are good but the bad ones.


This message is for us all to have a voice and use it against such wickedness bad men commit.


Our Islamic clerics and stakeholders, needs to do more in curtailing this menace.


Our ladies should stop rushing and no one should rush them into any relationship or marriage. God's time is the best.

Instead of rushing to regret, it's better to remain unmarried in your late 20s and 30s. It's your life and don't allow anyone to decide for you.

Keep praying and don't rush.


Idris Abdul Ahmed

PDP marginalizing the SE.

The issue is SE won't even vote for a southern APC, they prefer a Northern PDP.

No matter whats, APC, PDP, North still wins

Who's edwin clark that he's writing to Buhari to stop the naval base?

STAGES OF HIV INFECTION
(assuming no treatment)

There are four stages of HIV and as with all illnesses, how it progresses, how long it takes and the affect it has on the individual depends on a number of factors for example, general health, lifestyle, diet etc.

Stage 1: INFECTION

HIV quickly replicates in the body after infection. Some people develop short lived flu-like symptoms for example, headaches, fever, sore throat and a rash within days to weeks after infection.

During this time the immune system reacts to the virus by developing antibodies – this is referred to as ‘sero-conversion’.

Stage 2: ASYMPTOMATIC

As the name suggests, this stage of HIV infection does not cause outward signs or symptoms.
A person may look and feel well but HIV is continuing to weaken their immune system.

This stage may last several years (an average of 8 to 10 years) and without a HIV test many people do not know they are infected.

Stage 3: SYMPTOMATIC

Over time the immune system becomes damaged and weakened by HIV and symptoms develop. Initially they can be mild but they do worsen, symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, mouth ulcers, thrush and severe diarrhoea.

The symptoms are caused by the emergence of opportunistic infections; they are referred to as opportunistic infections because they take advantage of a person’s weakened immune system.

Some examples of opportunistic infections are Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), toxoplasmosis, TB and kaposi sarcoma.

Stage 4: AIDS/PROGRESSION OF HIV TO AIDS

There is no single test for AIDS; healthcare professionals will look at a variety of symptoms including the CD4 count, the viral load and the presence of opportunistic infections in order to make an AIDS diagnosis.

#YSMAonSRHR
Education as a Vaccine (EVA) UNFPA

Importance of Breastfeeding
#YSMAonSRHR

FORCED MARRIAGE

Forced marriage is a marriage in which one and/or both parties have not personally expressed their full and free consent to the union.

FORCED MARRIAGE VS ARRANGED MARRIAGE

There is a clear difference between a forced marriage and an arranged marriage.

In arranged marriages, the families of both spouses take a leading role in arranging the marriage but the choice of whether or not to accept the arrangement remains with the young people.

In a forced marriage, one or both spouses do not consent to the arrangement of the marriage and some elements of duress are involved.

Duress can include physical, psychological, financial, sexual and emotional pressure.

Forced Marriage is an abuse of human rights.

#YSMANG

Tubal ligation, female sterilization or “getting your tubes tied” is a safe and effective surgical procedure that permanently prevents pregnancy.


HOW DOES IT WORK?

Every month, an egg leaves one of your ovaries (called ovulation).

The egg moves through one of your fallopian tubes for a few days, waiting for sperm to fertilize it.

Pregnancy happens if a sperm cell meets up with one of your eggs, and the fertilized egg implants in your uterus.

When your fallopian tubes are blocked or removed after a sterilization procedure, sperm can't get to an egg and cause pregnancy.

You still get your period after sterilization — you just can’t get pregnant.

Sterilization is permanent — you should only get sterilized if you’re totally sure you don’t want to be able to get pregnant for the rest of your life.

STERILIZATION MAY NOT BE A GOOD CHOICE FOR YOU IF:

1. There’s any chance you’ll want to get pregnant in the future.

2. You’re being pressured by your partner, friends, or family.

3. You hope sterilization will solve problems that may be temporary — like marriage or sexual issues, short-term mental or physical illnesses, or money problems.


DOES STERILIZATION PROTECT AGAINST STDs?

Nope. Sterilization won’t protect you or your partner from sexually transmitted infections.

Use condoms to help lower your chances of getting or spreading STDs.

HOW EFFECTIVE IS TUBAL LIGATION?


Tubal ligation (sometimes called female sterilization) is one of the most effective kinds of birth control.

It’s permanent and more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.


HOW SAFE IS TUBAL LIGATION AND IS IT REVERSIBLE?

Tubal ligation is very safe for most people, but all medical procedures have some risks.

Sterilization is meant to be permanent, and usually can’t be reversed.

WHAT ARE THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH TUBAL LIGATION?

Serious problems after sterilization procedures are rare.

Some of the associated risks include;

1. Rash, swelling or have trouble breathing.

2. Fever.

3. Severe, continuous pain in your belly.

4. Unusual discharge or odor from your vagina.

5. Fainting spells.

6. Bleeding or pus where the incision (cut) was made.

NOTE;

There’s a chance that your fallopian tubes can reconnect or become unblocked after tubal ligation, but this is really rare.

If you get pregnant after tubal ligation, the pregnancy could develop in your fallopian tube — this is called ectopic pregnancy, and it’s very dangerous.

#YMSAonSRHR

WHO IS READY TO BREAK BOUNDARIES?

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Are you are a professional Nurse and Midwife of African descent?
 
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Are you excited about connecting, networking and collaborating with extraordinary Nurses and Midwives who are fired up for a lifetime experience of personal, professional and career transformation?

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If your answer is YES, The African Nurse: Breaking Boundaries 2.0 is just for you!!!

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And dont forget to SHARE this BROADCAST with all African Nurses and Midwives you know!


Powered by: The African Nurse Network

Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver.

The liver is a vital organ that processes nutrients, filters the blood, and fights infections. When the liver is inflamed or damaged, its function can be affected.

TYPES OF HEPATITIS

There are 5 types of viral hepatitis.

Viral infections of the liver that are classified as hepatitis include hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.

A different virus is responsible for each type of virally transmitted hepatitis.

HEPATITIS A

Hepatitis A is caused by an infection with the hepatitis A virus (HAV).

This type of hepatitis is most commonly transmitted by consuming food or water contaminated by feces from a person infected with hepatitis A.


HEPATITIS B

Hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, vaginal secretions, or semen, containing the hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Injection drug use, having sex with an infected partner, or sharing razors with an infected person increase your risk of getting hepatitis B.


HEPATITIS C

Hepatitis C comes from the hepatitis C virus (HCV).

Hepatitis C is transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids, typically through injection drug use and sexual contact.


HEPATITIS D

Also called delta hepatitis, hepatitis D is a serious liver disease caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV).

HDV is contracted through direct contact with infected blood.

Hepatitis D is a rare form of hepatitis that only occurs in conjunction with hepatitis B infection. The hepatitis D virus can’t multiply without the presence of hepatitis B.


HEPATITIS E

Hepatitis E is a waterborne disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV).

Hepatitis E is mainly found in areas with poor sanitation and typically results from ingesting fecal matter that contaminates the water supply.


SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE HEPATITIS

They appear quickly and they include:

1. Fatigue.
2. Flu-like symptoms.
3 Dark urine.
4. Pale stool.
5. Abdominal pain.
6. Loss of appetite.
7. Unexplained weight loss.
8. Yellow skin and eyes, which may be signs of jaundice.


PREVENTION

HYGIENE
Practicing good hygiene is one key way to avoid contracting hepatitis A and E.

If you’re traveling to a developing country, you should avoid:

1. Local water.
2. Ice.
3. Raw or undercooked shellfish and oysters.
4. Raw fruit and vegetables.

HEPATITIS B, C, and D contracted through contaminated blood can be prevented by:

1. Not sharing drug needles.
2. Not sharing razors.
3. Not using someone else’s toothbrush.
4. Not touching spilled blood.
5. Hepatitis B and C can also be contracted through sexual intercourse and intimate sexual contact.
6. Practicing safe sex by using condoms and dental dams can help decrease the risk of infection.


VACCINES

The use of vaccines is an important key to preventing hepatitis. Vaccinations are available to prevent the development of hepatitis A and B.

Experts are currently developing vaccines against hepatitis C.


COMPLICATIONS OF HEPATITIS

Chronic hepatitis B or C can often lead to more serious health problems.

Because the virus affects the liver, people with chronic hepatitis B or C are at risk for:

1. Chronic liver disease.
2. Cirrhosis.
3. Liver cancer.

#YSMAonSRHR

A vasectomy is a small operation to prevent pregnancy. It blocks sperm from getting to your semen when you ejaculate.

With no sperm leaving your body, you can’t get someone pregnant. You can still have an orgasm and ejaculate.

HOW EFFECTIVE ARE VASECTOMIES?

These procedures are nearly 100% effective.

COMPLICATIONS

1. An ache or feeling of pressure or discomfort in a testicle.

2. Sperm granuloma (a hard lump or inflammation caused by leaking sperm).

3. Spermatocele (a cyst in the tube that collects sperm).

4. Hydrocele (a sac of fluid around a testicle that causes swelling in your scrotum).

IS IT REVERSIBLE?

Sometimes. But reversing a vasectomy isn’t easy and doesn’t always work.

Don’t get the procedure unless you're sure you won’t want to father children in the future.

#YSMAonSRHR

FutureIsFemale:
Common charger of N1k.
Men are terrible.

Your father is a man.

I am a Male Nurse.

A lot of people still thinks males aren't in the nursing profession. Well, there are a lot of male Nurses and more aware gaining admission to study Nursing.

Forced labour is any work or service which people are forced to do against their will, under threat of punishment.

Almost all slavery practices contain some element of forced labour.

It affects millions of men, women and children around the world. It is most often found in industries with a lot of workers and little regulation.

These include:

1. Agriculture and fishing.

2. Domestic work.

3. Construction, mining, quarrying and brick kilns.

4. Manufacturing, processing and packaging.

5. Prostitution and sexual exploitation.

6. Market trading and illegal activities.

Forced labour is the most common element of modern slavery. It is the most extreme form of people exploitation.


Forced labour happens in the context of poverty, lack of sustainable jobs and education, as well as a weak rule of law, corruption and an economy dependent on cheap labour.

#SayNoToForcedLabour
#YSMANG

Stalking is a form of criminal harassment that entails persistent pattern of unwanted behaviour by someone that makes another feel fearful for their safety.

It includes behaviours like;
1. Following or watching someone.

2. Repeated calling.

3. Vandalizing someone’s property.

4. Sending unwanted “gifts” and

5. Threatening someone’s family/roommates.

It can also include cyberstalking, like tracking someone’s location through GPS, sending harassing messages through social media or email, using spyware to track website visits or encouraging others to harass the person.

Like other forms of sexual violence, stalking is a gendered phenomenon.

At the same time, it can happen to or by anyone of any gender, and all victims of stalkers deserve support.

TYPES OF STALKING

Many classification systems of stalking exist.

Some of them;

SIMPLE OBSESSIONAL

“Simple obsessional” stalkers typically have a previous intimate relationship with the person they are stalking and can be motivated by revenge or the idea of coercing the victim back into a relationship.

EROROMANTIC

“Erotomanic” stalkers believe their victim loves them, usually stalking someone of a higher status than them like a celebrity or supervisor.

LOVE OBSESSIONAL
“Love obsessional” stalkers don’t have a previous intimate relationship with the person they are stalking but believe the person they are stalking is meant to be with them.

IMPACTS OF BEING STALKED

Being stalked can have serious adverse impacts on someone’s physical, mental and emotional health, including:

1. Sense of shame.

2. Depression.

3. Guilt.

4. Anxiety.

5. Flashbacks.

6. Constant fear.

7. Difficulty sleeping.

8. Post-traumatic stress disorder.

9. Eating disorders.

HOW CAN WE STOP STALKING BEFORE IT STARTS?

1. It is important for everyone to work together to end stalking.

2. Empowering everyone to understand, recognize, and address stalking.

3. Mobilizing men and boys as allies in prevention efforts.

4. Creating and supporting safe environments within relationships, schools, and communities through programs and policies that reduce risk and promote healthy relationships.

#YSMANG

Menstruation is a natural physiological process that every healthy woman undergoes. But although every woman experiences it on a regular basis, not everyone is well-informed about the need to ensure hygiene.

Menstruating women need to pay particular attention to personal hygiene.

During this time, a woman’s vulnerability towards potentially life-threatening ailments increases. Poor menstrual hygiene can lead to many issues, such as fungal or bacterial infections of the reproductive tract and the urinary tract.

COMMON REPERCUSSIONS OF UNHEALTHY MENSTRUAL PRACTICES

1. Irritation of the skin causes discomfort and can possibly result in dermatitis – a medical condition in which the skin swells, turns red, and at times becomes sore with blisters.

2. Introduction of bacteria into the urethra may cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). It can happen anywhere in the urinary tract and can be fatal as it can even damage the kidneys if left untreated.

3. Growth of harmful bacteria may cause an infection when in contact with the genital tract. This again could result in damage to the vagina.

4. Alteration in the pH balance of vaginal secretions can occur, which can lead to a change in the natural flora.
A high pH level can provide an ideal environment for unhealthy bacteria to breed.

5. There’s a delicate balance of good and bad bacteria that live in the vagina. If this balance is hampered, it can cause bacterial vaginosis (BV).

This tends to impact women the most when they’re pregnant or trying to get pregnant

6. Susceptibility to cervical cancer is increased due to reproductive tract infections and UTIs.

Cervical cancer is the cancer of the cervix (‘mouth’ of the uterus) and is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

7. Unhygienic practices also make women prone to becoming infertile.

TIPS TO MAINTAIN GOOD HYGIENE DURING YOUR PERIOD

1. Use a sanitary napkin, tampon, or menstrual cup.
All these methods are good, and you don’t need to switch. Stick with whatever you prefer.

2. Change your sanitary napkin/tampon/menstrual cup frequently, even when the bleeding isn’t much.
Menstrual blood tends to get contaminated with the body’s native organisms, so change regularly. This also helps you to avoid skin rashes.

3. Regularly wash your genitals and make sure the blood in and around the vagina is effectively washed away.
Not only do you feel cleaner, but it also makes you healthier and protects your privates.

4. Try to wash every time you change – or at least a couple of times a day.

5. Carry spare napkins/tampons at all times, especially if you’re going out.
Don’t wait until you get home to change (you know what can happen!).

6. Ensure that you store them in a clean bag or pouch. Throw in a soft towel, wet tissues, and a hand sanitizer.

At the end of the day, it’s for your own good

Ensuring hygiene during one’s period is not a tough task. With a little effort it’s easy to maintain good cleanliness, so familiarise yourself with the simple tips in this article.

After all, you’re the one who stands to benefit!.

Every month, about 1.8 billion people across the world menstruate.

Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to the females. The onset of menstruation is one of the most important changes occurring among the girls during the adolescent years. The first menstruation (menarche) occurs between 11 and 15 years with a mean of 13 years.


Educational television programmes, trained school nurses/health personnel, motivated school teachers and knowledgeable parents can play a very important role in transmitting the vital message of correct menstrual hygiene to the adolescent girl of today.


Hygiene-related practices of women during menstruation are of considerable importance, as it has a health impact in terms of increased vulnerability to reproductive tract infections (RTI).

#YSMAonSRHR

"50% of mental health problems are established by age 14 and 75% by age 24. 10% of children and young people (aged 5-16 years) have a clinically diagnosable mental problem, yet 70% of children and adolescents who experience mental health problems have not had appropriate interventions at a sufficiently early age."

RISK FACTORS TO EXPERIENCE MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

Certain risk factors can make some children and young people more likely to experience mental health problems than others.

However, experiencing them doesn’t mean a child will definitely – or even probably – go on to have mental health problems.

These factors include:

1. Having a long-term physical illness.

2. A parent who has had mental health problems, problems with alcohol or has been in trouble with the law.

3. The death of someone close to them.

4. Parents who separate or divorce.

5. Experiencing severe bullying or physical or sexual abuse.

6. Poverty or homelessness.

7. Experiencing discrimination.

8. Taking on adult responsibilities.

9. Having long-lasting difficulties at school.

SOME MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS THAT AFFECT CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE

1. DEPRESSION
Depression affects more children and young people today than in the last few decades. Teenagers are more likely to experience depression than young children.

2. ADHD
Children who are consistently overactive, impulsive and have difficulty paying attention may have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

3. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can follow physical or sexual abuse, witnessing something extremely frightening or traumatising, being the victim of violence or severe bullying or surviving a disaster.

4. Eating disorders usually start in the teenage years and are more common in girls than boys. The number of young people who develop an eating disorder is small, but eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa can have serious consequences for their physical health and development.


WAY OUT

If you’re a young person and you’re worried about your mental health, there is help available. You may want to try the following things.

1. Talk to someone about how you feel, such as a parent, friend or adult you trust.

2. Get in touch with services and organisations that help people with mental health problems.

3. Visit your healthcare provider. They can answer any questions you have about how you’re feeling, talk you through different support options, and refer you to other services who could give you more help.

#YSMANG

Vaginal douching is washing the vagina with water or a mixture of fluids to eliminate odors and “clean” the vagina.

One in five women between the ages of 15 and 44 use douches regularly.

In addition, one study found that teenagers of all ethnicities and races are more likely to douche.

IS IT SAFE?

Healthcare providers don't recommend women to use douching products.

Your vagina is designed to naturally maintain a healthy pH balance. It’s filled with bacteria, or vaginal flora, that help stop infections and prevent irritations.

If you remove or greatly reduce the number of healthy bacteria in your vagina, problematic bacteria may flourish. That can lead to infections, irritations, and more serious complications.


EFFECT OF DOUCHING

If you douche, you may upset your vagina’s natural environment. You could end up dealing with complications that can be quite severe. These include:

PREGNANCY

Douching is not a valid form of contraception. However, using a douche can make it more difficult for a woman who is trying to conceive.

Also, women who douche on a regular basis may have a more complicated pregnancy.

Pregnant women may experience:

early childbirth
increased likelihood of miscarriage
ectopic pregnancy

INFECTION

A healthy balance of bacteria prevents vaginal yeast from overgrowing. Eliminating the natural balance may let yeast flourish. This can lead to a yeast infection.

Likewise, a woman who douches, is five times more likely to develop bacterial vaginosis than a woman who doesn’t.

Some women use douches hoping that washing the vagina will eliminate a vaginal infection. Douching may make an infection worse. Douching while you have a vaginal infection may also spread the infection to other parts of your reproductive system.

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)


Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection that develops in the reproductive organs. Most cases of PID are caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Douching increases a woman’s risk of PID by 73 percent. One in eight women with a history of PID have difficulty getting pregnant.

CERVICITIS


Cervicitis is inflammation of the cervix. Like PID, cervicitis is often the result of STIs, but women who douche are also more likely to develop this condition.

HOW TO SAFELY CLEAN YOUR VAGINA

The easiest way to clean your vagina is to perform a simple wash during a bath or shower. Soap isn’t necessary, but if you’re going to use one, make sure it’s mild and not heavily scented.

Fragrances and chemicals can irritate the sensitive skin of your genitals.

PREVENTING VAGINAL ODOR

While the vagina has a natural odor, for some women the odor seems unpleasant or embarrassing.

Every woman’s vaginal odor is different, and activities such as sex and exercise can change how the vagina smells.

There are ways to reduce vaginal odor safely. These are:

Hygiene: Keeping the vagina clean by regularly washing with water or soap that does not contain harsh chemicals.

Clothing: This should be made of breathable materials, including cotton underwear, and not be worn too tight.

A person should avoid fabrics, such as satin, silk, and polyester that restrict airflow and may encourage bacteria to grow.

Drying: It is important to dry the vagina and surrounding area carefully and thoroughly to avoid excess moisture, which can lead to infection and odor.

If using deodorizing products, these must not be used on the inside of the vagina.

Avoiding harsh cleansers: Not using harsh cleansers, such as douches, in the vagina can help prevent odor from occurring over the long-term.

By following the above advice, the pH balance and good bacteria in the vagina should remain undisturbed, and infections and odors are less likely to occur.

#YSMAonSRHR

The implant is a type of long acting reversible contraception (LARC), made up of two small rods the size of a matchstick.

The rods are put under the skin in the inside of your arm.

They slowly release a hormone called progestogen.

They work for up to 3 to five years, and you can have them taken out whenever you want.


WHAT IT DOES..

Implants can stop your body from releasing an egg each month. They also thicken the mucus in your cervix so sperm cannot get to an egg.


AFTER THE INSERTION.

You will be able to feel the implant under your skin.

Your period might change. You might bleed very often or not often at all, or have light but persistent bleeding. Or you could have a normal period or no period at all.

This is all safe for your body.

If your bleeding becomes a problem, there are pills you can take that will help.


ADVANTAGES

1. It's Long acting – it lasts for up to five years.

2. It's Reversible – you can choose to have it taken out at any time. After that, you will be able to get pregnant again.

3. It's 99% effective – it works very well
You don’t need to think about contraception every day.

DISADVANTAGES

1. You might have irregular periods or periods that last longer. This is quite common in the first 6 months but it can last as long as you use the implant. This can be annoying, but it’s not harmful and the implant will still work. If the bleeding is a problem, you can get pills to help.

2. You might have a sore or bruised arm after the implant is put in or taken out. There is a small risk of infection.

IMPLANT and STIs

Implant doesn't protect you from sexually transmitted illness.
You need to use condoms and lubricant to protect yourself from sexually transmissible infections (STIs).

If there is a chance you may have an STI, have a check-up.

#YSMAonSRHR

LordVoldermort:
There's a current protest going on in Unizik over a hike in school fees and acceptance fee.

Blame the management of the school. They are the ones frustrating the students. And it's sad that these same people are from the same state or region with the students. Show mercy nah.

This is not how we do it up north.

The king's over there are not trying at all. Can't they talk to the school management?

CHILD LABOR

Children are society’s most vulnerable people. With no voice to advocate for their rights, they are in a poor position to influence political policy. A child’s place is in school where they can receive a proper education and use it to build a promising future, not just for themselves but for the society in which they live as well. It is the task and moral responsibility of adults and officials in power to prioritize basic human rights over the gilded benefits of cheap labor and end this practice permanently.


Not all work done by children should be classified as child labour that is to be targeted for elimination. Children’s or adolescents’ participation in work that does not affect their health and personal development or interfere with their schooling, is generally regarded as being something positive.


This includes activities such as helping their parents around the home, assisting in a family business or earning pocket money outside school hours and during school holidays. These kinds of activities contribute to children’s development and to the welfare of their families; they provide them with skills and experience, and help to prepare them to be productive members of society during their adult life.


Child labour is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development.

The worst forms of child labour involves children being enslaved, separated from their families, exposed to serious hazards and illnesses and/or left to fend for themselves on the streets of large cities – often at a very early age.


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MYTHS AROUND HIV/AIDS

According to the latest statistics from the Centers for Disease, Control, and Prevention, around 36.7 million people are living with HIV around the world.

While there have been many advancements in the management of the HIV virus throughout the years, unfortunately, a lot of misinformation still exists about what it means to live with HIV.


Myth #1: HIV is a death sentence.


That's not true. With proper treatment, it's expected for people with HIV to live a normal life span.

Myth #2: You can tell if someone has HIV/AIDS by looking at them.

If an individual contracts the HIV virus, the symptoms are largely unremarkable. A person with an HIV infection might display symptoms that are similar to any other type of infection, such as a fever, fatigue, or general malaise.

Additionally, the initial mild symptoms generally only last a few weeks.

Myth #3: HIV-positive people can’t safely have children.

The most important thing that a woman living with HIV can do when preparing for pregnancy is to work with her healthcare provider to begin ART treatment as soon as possible.

Because treatment for HIV has advanced so much, if a woman takes her HIV medicine daily as recommended by a healthcare provider throughout her entire pregnancy (including labor and delivery), and continues medicine for her baby for 4 to 6 weeks after birth, the risk of transmitting HIV to the baby can be as low as 1% or less.

Myth #4: HIV always leads to AIDS.

HIV is the infection that causes AIDS. But this doesn’t mean all HIV-positive individuals will develop AIDS.

AIDS is a syndrome of immune system deficiency that is the result of HIV attacking the immune system over time and is associated with weakened immune response and opportunistic infections.

AIDS is prevented by early treatment of HIV infection.

Myth #5: With all of the modern treatments, HIV is no big deal.

Although there have been a lot of medical advancements in the treatment of HIV, the virus can still lead to complications, and the risk of death is still significant for certain groups of people.

While there is unfortunately no cure for HIV/AIDS, people with HIV can live long, productive lives with early detection and adequate antiretroviral treatment.

While the current antiretroviral therapies can be very effective for keeping HIV at low levels and preventing it from replicating and destroying the immune system for a long time, there is no cure for AIDS or a vaccine against HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

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HPV AND PREGNANCY

Contracting HPV doesn’t decrease your chances of becoming pregnant.

If you’re pregnant and have HPV, you may wish to delay treatment until after delivery. However, in some cases, HPV infection can cause complications.

Hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy may cause genital warts to grow and in some cases, these warts may bleed. If genital warts are widespread, they may make a vaginal delivery difficult.

When genital warts block the birth canal, a C-section may be required.

In rare cases, a woman with HPV can pass it on to her baby. When this happens, a rare but serious condition called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis may occur.

In this condition, children develop HPV-related growths in their airways.

Cervical changes can still occur during pregnancy, so you should plan to continue routine screening for cervical cancer and HPV while you’re pregnant. Discover more about HPV and pregnancy.


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MYTHS AROUND CESAREAN SECTION


C- section or cesarean section is a surgical method of delivering a baby.

Generally, the reasons behind going for a c-section delivery can be many: medical complications, and abnormal position of the baby inside the womb, among others.


Myth: C-sections are easier than a vaginal birth.


Truth: It’s actually a major abdominal surgery which requires longer recovery time.

Any time a patient has surgery, no matter how routine, there are risks.

Every woman is advise to talk with her healthcare provider about possible options for pain management if she has concerns.


Myth: C-sections will reduce the risk for prolapse.


Truth: Vaginal prolapse is a condition when the walls of the vagina become lax.
The surrounding uterus, rectum, bladder, urethra and small bowel begin to fall out of their normal positions because the vaginal wall can no longer support them.

However, this condition is a risk regardless of a vaginal or cesarean birth.


Myth: It’s okay to have a lot of C-sections.


Truth: There is a big concern if a woman has had multiple C-sections.

In general, the risk increases after 3-4 cesareans. Repeat cesareans can increase likelihood to experience placenta accreta, which is a serious pregnancy condition that occurs when blood vessels and other parts of the placenta grow through the prior C-section scar and nearby structures.


Myth: A mother cannot have a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC).


Truth: This is the most common untruth. A VBAC is not right for everyone, but most women are reasonable candidates.

Women should speak with their healthcare provider to see if they meet certain criteria to be a good candidate for a vaginal birth after prior cesarean.

Also, you need to choose a birthing hospital that allows and is familiar with performing VBACs, as not all hospitals do.


Myth: Postpartum blues are less after c-section


Truth: This is not true. The same hormonal shifts happen in c-section delivery, as they do in vaginal delivery.

So, after going through a c-section, you can very well suffer from postpartum blues.


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daviesmania:
so what is the remedy? thought the thread was open to proffer solutions!!!

I have modified it. Check again.

VAGINAL DRYNESS AND SOLUTIONS.

Vaginal dryness is common symptom of menopause -- and close to one out of every three women deals with it while going through "the change."

It becomes even more common afterward.

Vaginal dryness is a common symptom during and after menopause, but it can happen at any age and for various reasons

Vaginal dryness is a common problem, but many people do not seek help, as they may not realize it is a health issue for which they can get help.


CAUSES

1. Vaginal dryness usually results from a drop in estrogen levels.

Estrogen levels can drop for various reasons including:

1. Menopause
2. Surgical removal of the ovaries (which can trigger menopause)
3. Childbirth and breastfeeding
4. Treatments for cancer, including chemotherapy and radiation
5. Anti-estrogen drugs for treating breast cancer or endometriosis

Other causes of vaginal dryness can include:

1. Sjögren’s syndrome, an autoimmune disorder that involves inflammation of the salivary and tear glands.
2. Using antihistamines, which help manage cold and allergy symptoms by drying secretions. Side effects can include vaginal dryness and trouble urinating.
3. Antidepressants, which sometimes have sexual side effects such as vaginal dryness, decreased libido, and difficulty having an orgasm.
4. Stress and anxiety, which can affect libido and vaginal lubrication.
5. Reduced blood supply to the vagina.
6. Flammer syndrome, in which blood vessels react in an unusual way to stimuli such as cold and stress.

*Note*
Females who smoke may experience menopause earlier than those who do not, and so vaginal dryness may occur at an earlier age in this group.

Douching and Other Irritants Certain soaps, lotions, perfumes, and douches can disrupt the natural balance of chemicals in your vagina, leading to dryness


SYMPTOMS

People with vaginal dryness may experience:

1. Vaginal itching.
2. Burning.
3. Irritation.
4. Pain during sex.
5. Discomfort during physical activity.
6. A higher risk of vaginal infections and urinary tract infections.


If the dryness is due to a fall in estrogen levels, they may also have:

1. Lower levels of natural vaginal secretions.
2. A tightening of the vaginal opening.
3. A narrowing of the vagina.

TREATMENT OF VAGINAL DRYNESS

Various treatment options are available for vaginal dryness. Some are available over-the-counter, while others need a prescription.

1. Topical estrogen cream.( Example: Vaginal ring Vaginal cream, Vaginal tablet)

2. Over-the-counter treatments
Over-the-counter treatments may help with vaginal dryness.

For example, a person can use lubricants at the time of intercourse to increase moisture. Water-based lubricants may be preferable to oil-based lubricants, as oil-based ones can lead to irritation and condom breakage.

Use vaginal moisturizers every 1 to 2 days to help maintain the vagina’s natural moisture.

3. Regular sex.

Blood flow to the vaginal tissues increases during arousal, and this helps stimulate moisture production.

Adequate pre-intimacy and arousal before sex can help overcome vaginal dryness and make sex more enjoyable.

4. Avoid some hygienic products

Many body products and personal hygiene products contain fragrances and dyes that can irritate or dry out the vaginal tissue.

The vagina contains a delicate balance of good bacteria and is self-cleaning. There is no need for douching or using fragrant soaps around the sensitive vaginal area.

5. Phytoestrogen supplements
Phytoestrogens are compounds that act similarly to estrogen in the body. They occur in plant-based foods, including soy, nuts, and seeds.

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EBMedia:


https://igberetvnews.com/1394439/nnamdi-kanu-death-will-make-biafra-come-far-quicker-video/

So, he's ready to die abi?

CYCLE BEADS AS A METHOD OF FAMILY PLANNING

Cycle Bead is an easy method of family planning.
This color-coded string of beads enables a woman to track her cycle and know if she is on a day when pregnancy is likely or not.

Cycle Bead is widely use because it is:

1. Effective - 95%
2. Side - Effect Free
3. Easy to use
4. Inexpensive
5. Educational & Empowering


The one medical criterion for using CycleBeads for family planning is that a woman should have cycles between 26 and 32 days long.


To use CycleBeads l, a woman simply moves a ring over the series of color-coded beads that represent the days of her cycle.

The color of the beads lets her know whether she is on a day when she is likely to be fertile or not.

The day a woman starts her period she puts the rubber ring on the red bead.

Each day she moves the ring one bead, always in the direction of the arrow.

When the ring is on the red bead or a dark bead, there is very low likelihood of pregnancy, so she can have intercourse on these days without getting pregnant.


When the ring is on a white bead - Days 8 through 19 - there is a high likelihood of getting pregnant if a woman has unprotected intercourse.


Please note, the Standard Days Method, on which CycleBeads are based, works best for women with regular menstrual cycles that are between 26 and 32 days long.

Women with cycles outside this range should use a different method of family planning.


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The overall risk of dying from a pregnancy-related complication is low, but women with chronic conditions, such as obesity, heart disease or high blood pressure are at greater risk.

Fortunately, many postpartum complications can be treated successfully if identified early.

After having a baby, it’s important to be aware of postpartum complications (between birth and six weeks postpartum) and alert your healthcare provider if you experience any of these:

1. Severe bleeding that hasn’t slowed.
2. Pain that increases or chest pain.
3. Fever of 100.4 F or higher.
4. Rapid heartbeat or palpitations.
5. Shortness of breath, feeling faint upon standing.
6. An incision that isn’t healing.
7. A red or swollen leg that's painful or warm to the touch.
8. Feelings of being cold.
9. A headache that doesn’t go away, vision changes.
10. Seizures.
11. Thoughts of hurting yourself or your baby.

It’s very important to take care of yourself, listen to your body and alert your healthcare provider if you have any concerns.

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