₦airaland Forum

I guess you never knew some of these things.

The adverse health effects of car exhaust are pervasive and difficult to measure. Many people are exposed to exhaust emissions every day in different ways like vehicles running on diesel and petrol.

How are people exposed to exhausts?
Breathing in fumes from car exhaust; and this could increase the risk of a heart attack for those already battling a heart disease. A heart attack occurs when the flow of oxygenated blood to a section of the heart’s muscles has been blocked. Inhaling fumes in heavy amounts could trigger a heart attack, according to a team of researchers from London School of Hygiene and Tropical Sciences.

Where are people exposed to exhausts?
1. At work : People with the some of the highest exposures at work include truck drivers, heavy machinery operators, railroad and dock workers, garage workers and mechanics. Some farm workers may also spend a lot of time around diesel exhausts.

2. While traveling: Exposure to fuel exhaust may be higher when in a vehicle, especially when traveling on roads with heavier truck or bus traffic. Commuting to and from work is a potential source of fuel exhaust exposure for many people. One particular area of concern is children’s exposures to fuel exhaust and other pollutants while riding in school buses, as the buses themselves typically run on diesel fuel.

3. Where they live and play: People can also be exposed to fuel exhaust in areas where they live and play, although this is typically at lower levels than in the workplace. Exposures are highest where traffic is heaviest such as along major highways and cities.

How are exhaust fumes emitted?
Exhaust gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such natural gas, petrol, diesel fuel, fuel oil or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe. The largest part of most combustion gas is nitrogen,water vapour and carbon dioxide. A relatively small part of combustion gas is composed of undesirable, toxic substances such as carbon monoxide from incomplete combustion.

Diseases likely to be caused through the inhalation of car exhaust fume are:
1.Cancer: Vehicles emit numerous carcinogenic chemicals. Diesel contains benzene, formaldehyde, and 1,3- butadiene — all these are well recognized carcinogens. It was observed that vehicle emissions account for as many as half of all cancers attributed to outdoor air pollution.

2. Cardiovascular diseases: Death and hospital admissions for myocardial infarction, congestive cardiac failure and cardiac arrhythmia increase with increase in the concentrations of particulate and gaseous pollutants. As concentrations of airborne particles increase, those with cardiovascular disease may experience increasing severity of symptoms, rates of hospitalization, and mortality.

3. Asthma attack: Diesel exhaust is especially dangerous, containing nearly 40 hazardous pollutants. The mixture contains carbon particles that are exceptionally small in size, less than one micron. These fine particles may be deeply inhaled into the lung and carry with them a collection of attached hazardous compounds. Diesel emissions increase the severity and duration of asthma attacks.

What can be done to minimize exposure to exhaust fumes?
Since components of vehicle exhaust fumes are carcinogenic, exposures to both diesel and gasoline exhaust constitute a large proportion of our exposures and must be minimized.
*Cars and trucks should not run unnecessarily idle and people should turn off their motors when they are not in their vehicles and children should never be allowed to pump gas.

*Exhaust exposure can also be avoided by decreasing the amount of time that is spent where machines are running.

*People should not exercise along busy streets or highways.

*You can also reduce exhaust exposure by closing your car windows while driving in moderate and heavy traffic.


Culled from The Observer Reports
http://observerreports.com/2013/10/vehicle-exhaust-fumes-and-our-health/

Lukaku scored 2 goals and assisted one for Everton last night, but could not score a single goal for Chelsea, even a penalty. Where has Mourinho gotten it all wrong?

A right step in the right direction by our dear president.

His speech is making sense... Reuben Abati and co. at work

The only thing I'll probably remember he said today is, "Great politicians think of the next election, great statesmen think of the next generation." He was quoting an American theologian. What he's trying to say is that he wants us all to be great statesmen.

Google celebrates Nigeria's 53rd independence anniversary with a doodle
https://observerreports.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Google-Doodle-to-celebrate-Nigerias-53rd-Independence-Anniversary-300x168.jpg
Visit Google now to see it

Sloan: Some people were born with base stupi.dity in their genes, e.g. the poster! It is not by force to be president if you can't perform or be insulted, you will take one of the two! If retadeenish idioticGEJ wants to be treated like an angel, he can pack up his useless head back to his outekwe village where the shepopotamus can sing him a lullaby everyday! Simple!

You can say whatever you like. I won't join issues with you. I don't have your time.

“Distinguished Mr. President, please accept my sincere congratulation on the occasion of the National Day of your country —
Independence Day," Vladimir Putin.

“On the 53rd anniversary of your independence, I wish all Nigerians a safe and prosperous future,” Barack Obama.

EndTimeThings: oh boy na so fp dey hungry u reach?? it's just 4mins past ten niqqa. anyway incase you make am I'm first

Just wanted to wish my country a happy birthday. By the way, which one is our birthday, January 1 1914 or October 1 1960? I'm confused.

Demdem: Foolish thread. Nonsense poster.
Enact a law to protect Jonathan.
What a stupid idea.

I just went through your profile. You are a hardcore Jonathan hater. I'm not surprised. Continue hating him, he's been to places you can only dream of, he's attained heights you can never attain with the way you are going. Continue hating while he grows from strength to strength.

Nigeria is 53. I wish everyone a happy and peaceful 52 independence day celebration.

Name: Nigeria

Location: West Africa

Landmass: 923,768 km2 (32nd), 356,667 sq mi

Population: > 170 million

Capital: Abuja

Largest cities: Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Onitsha, Aba, Port Harcourt, Abuja, Enugu, Kaduna, Sokoto and Jos

Currency: Naira

GDP: $485.194 billion

Time Zone: WAT (UTC + 1)

Calling code: +234

ISO 3166 code: NG

Internet TLD: .ng

President: Goodluck Ebele Jonathan

Vice President: Namadi Sambo

.

How many of will have the guts to say these things if the military is still in power. There is a limit to every right if not the society will descend into anarchy.

sunday478: spoted, and Wenger boys will keep surprising all u critics.

We all know Arsenal. When the time comes you'll start cursing Arsene Wenger again.

Mourinho cuts short press conference

Chelsea manager Jose Mourinho cuts short his news conference in Bucharest after becoming irritated with questions from the media.

Asked why Belgian midfielder Kevin De Bruyne has not travelled, Mourinho responds: "This is fantastic because no one asks me about [Juan]
Mata. Three weeks you have been asking me about Mata.

"I try to decide by what they do on the pitch when they play and what they do in training. I make mistakes but I try to be honest all the time.

"With Kevin, he's not been selected because I didn't like the match he played against Swindon."

From http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/

Hahaha. Funny picture. Lol. See Moyes. Hahahahahahahaha. Mourinho is just looking calm. He knows that he'll overtake all of them when the time comes. Arsene Wenger seems to be enjoying himself. He looks like someone having or.ga.s.m. Poor Moyes, he's no a laughing stock.

Pataki: Call a spade, a spade. And not as an agricultural implement.

I'll let that slide.

[quote author=Itoroetti ]I weep for the boys.
It has nothning to do with age cheat.most players excelling aren't using their age.are u telling me that mikel,kanu,jay jay all used their ages?[/quote]That's the first point I made. Check the second

I'm not in any way affiliated with the presidency. So anyone that takes sides with the president is connected with him?

Pataki: Another clueless thread filled with im-becilic reasoning to support the clueless kindergarten president.

There are other ways you could have said that without using those adjectives

I wonder how many of you saying this now can summon the courage to say it to his face.

Freedom of speech is not an excuse for you to insult whoever you like. You can actually prove a point without insulting people.

Presh of KC-Presh

It is clear that Nairaland is filled with anti-GEJ e-warriors waiting to pounce on any meaningful thread.

Nice question, OP I sent you a PM.

It all boils down to two major things:
They were overaged and they moved to clubs where it would be very hard for them to break into the first team.

1. Barca wins 98% of their matches so it's always a thing of joy when they lose.

2. Chelsea fans boast a lot so it's a thing of joy for their rivals when they are forced to shut up.

The way Nigerians open their mouths and insult the President is becoming increasingly alarming. Every single thing he says is scrutinized, twisted, sieved, put under the microscope, telescoped, distilled, boiled, stirred and shaken just to fish out the smallest of mistakes which they will hold unto to in order to lash on the president and lace him with insults. Nowhere in the world is this done, not even in the US. There is a difference btw criticism and insult. I think it's high time we really looked into this issue. A law should be enacted to punish those who insult the president.
How many of you will insult your dads or bosses in the office like this?

Arsenal's crisis will start if you guys lose to Napoli tomorrow http://observerreports.com/2013/09/what-the-premier-league-looks-like-after-6-weeks/