Reflect7's Posts
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Bookhub:OP, STOP DECEIVING YOURSELF. KANU WAS OFFERED THE 5 IGBO STATES IN 2017 TO TAKE AS 'BIAFRA' AND HE REFUSED, SAYING HE WANTS THE NIGER DELTA REGION WHERE NIGERIA'S OIL AND GAS FIELDS SIT. IF HE HAD TAKEN THE 5 IGBO STATES YOU WOULD ALL BE IN YOUR BIAFRA BY NOW. BUT THEIR REAL AIM IS TO ANNEX THE NIGER DELTA SO THAT THE IGBO ELITE CAN OWN ALL THE NATION'S OIL AND GAS. NIGERIA OF COURSE SAYS A BIG FAT NO. THAT IS THE MAIN PROBLEM, NOT THAT ANYONE GIVES A DAMN ABOUT IGBOS STAYING OR LEAVING. THEY WANT TO LEAVE WITH THE FAMILY GOLD, CARING NOT IF OTHER NIGERIANS, INCLUDING MILLIONS OF CHILDREN STARVE AND PERISH AS A RESULT. SELFISH GREEDY NARCISSISTS WHO WILL NEVER TELL YOU THEIR REAL OBJECTIVE. |
IPOB are anti-intellectual. Their leader is a school dropout and hates educated people who can see through his BS. They have no intellectual foundation for their activities. They don't recognise the rights of the individual in free speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of thought, the right to express an opinion different from that of the leaders, etc. 'Biafra' is just a banana republic waiting to happen. |
theTranscriber:Not all blacks bro... But far too many, especially in Nigeria. And you wonder why we are the world's largest importer of bleaching creams. Lost people. |
Idiko1:Can someone explain what this drunken lowlife is talking about? Actually I'm not interested. ![]() |
Sicilyjoe:Who is ''u''? I wasn't captured by anyone, or ''use as a slave''. School dropout. Mr ''las las''. Is that the height of your intellect? |
mightyhaze:If you spoke to the elders in your village, they would tell you even more facts. The whites are simply relating what they observed. How is that your problem? Why did we not discover them in their own country and put their acheivements on paper like they did for us..?WE DID. Ever heard of the Moors? Are you aware that black West Africans ruled many parts of Europe between the 11th and 17th centuries, bringing literacy, architecture, and civilized habits like regular bathing to the Europeans? If you want to talk about HISTORY, we can go back really far. More like an adult legend hyping a little baby that just said 'dada' for the first timeDon't project your inferiority complex unto us. Imagine people that have developed sophisticated carbines, sailing ships, bicycles etc. People that have circumnavigated the world , fought several land and sea wars intra/intercontinental,several centuries before discovering you inside your dark forests,..hyping you that was still fighting wars with your bare hairy handsYour problem is that you are an unread historical illiterate. There were no bicycles and 'sophisticated carbines' in the 14th century when the Europeans first 'discovered' Benin. Bicycles were first built in the 1860s. So to say they had 'bicycles' when they 'discovered us in our dark forest', says you are a self-hating ignoramus with nothing upstairs. Sailing ships? Black Africans began seafaring, and ''circumnavigated the Earth'' thousands of years before white people did. ''In 1825, Arnold Hermann Heeren (1760-1842), Professor of History and Politics in the University of Gottengen and one of the ablest of the early exponents of the economic interpretation of history, published, in the fourth and revised edition of his great work Ideen Uber Die Politik, Den Verkehr Und Den Handel Der Vornehmsten Volker Der Alten Weld, a lengthy essay on the history, culture, and commerce of the ancient Ethiopians, which had profound influence on contemporary writers in the conclusion that it was among these ancient Black people of Africa and Asia that international trade was first developed.'' As for wars, like the rest of the world outside Europe, Africans used the weapons of war all had used for millenia. Mocking that is a sign of your debasement. |
system21:First off, you haven't the slightest clue how long the invasion was for, and have produced no source for your '6 hr' claim. Secondly, it was the gunpowder advantage that the west used to conquer the rest of the world militarily. This advantage worked for them on every continent they invaded, not just Africa. How did they gain that advantage? Many centuries ago, the Chinese mixed some natural ingredients to form gunpowder, which created sparks and fireworks that they used to worship their deities. There was limited military use to create explosions to scare the enemy etc. Then in the late 15th century, Europeans, whose continent was reeling in poverty and deprivation with very few natural resources, saw this gunpowder in their trading activities with China, and decided to use it to mass produce GUNS and WEAPONS of mass destruction, to make war against the southern hemisphere where the resources were. For thousands of years of our human existence prior, all the races had been roughly equal militarily. All used the traditional weapons of war - swords, lancets, arrows, bayonets, shields, etc. So white dominance is historically speaking, a very recent phenomenon that arose 500 odd years ago through their use of gunpowder to mass produce firearms like guns and bombs. Their possession and use of firearms changed the global equation. They caught the entire world by surprise. Powerful kingdoms and empires which they could previously never dare attack, from India to China to Mexico to the Zulus, all fell to the firearms of Europe. So Benin was no exception in Europe's world rampage. |
Isobug:Err... we did not actually use 'machines' to make textiles anywhere on earth in the 16th/17th centuries. Modern machines as we know them arose only in the 1800s. What a forum of zombies. |
Sicilyjoe:Here is a drawing of 15th century Benin City, roughly 300 years before colonialism. Who do you see wearing leaves? https://blog.britishmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Dapper-image-crop-version-2.jpg export KO import ni, after all that u were ship like monkeys to overseas as a slaveHigh school dropout alert. All the information you read (assuming you could understand it) went in through one ear and out the other. Dumb and dumber. YES we did actually engage in exports and international trade prior to colonialism, you brainwashed dunce who thinks he is a 'monkey'. . . Excerpt: IN THE 17th CENTURY, PORTUGAL BANNED THE IMPORTATION OF NIGERIAN MANUFACTURED SOAP, TO PROTECT HER LOCAL INDUSTRIES This story is a stunning opposite of the type of news we hear today, where it is African countries who try to ban imports of foreign manufactured goods to protect their local industries. In the 17th century, soap was manufactured in Nigeria on an industrial scale, and exported across the world, especially to Europe, as people on that continent, emerging from their Dark Ages and into the Renaissance, slowly came to realise the importance of bathing and washing. This led to very high demand for imported manufactured soap and soap products, since Portugal lacked any meaningful soap manufacturing industry, and lacked the technical know-how to manufacture this important product. They turned to the people of present day NIGERIA, to provide them with this much needed manufactured product, as the industry was flourishing in that part of the world. This trade dominance by Nigeria eventually became such a threat to the Portuguese economy that the Portuguese leaders place an outright BAN on Nigerian and West African manufactured soap products in order to encourage local production, protect her local industries, and reduce unemployment in Portugal. According to researchers: ''The forest people of Nigeria are believed to have developed the soap production industry. Soap production was on such a large scale in the 17th century that Portugal had to ban the importation of West African soap in order to protect their soap-boiling industry.'' The indigenous techniques in soap making were produced in several communities through the use of materials such as ashes, palm oil, cocoa pods and water. It was an industry worked mainly by women. In addition, black soap was believed to be of high medicinal value especially among the Yoruba and Igbo communities.'' Source - AN OVERVIEW OF INDIGENOUS INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA, by Victor Eshameh, Gifted Minds Writers Firm, Research Dept, 2016 |
SweetVibe:Go and watch BB Naija. This is not for you. |
OfficialAPCNig:If you weren't a bumbling dunce with the faculties of a gnat, you would realise that a simple research study showing the Benin Wall was 4 times longer than the Great Wall of China, would obviously have involved taking measurements that concluded same. And to counter that by saying the Benin wall was ''not anywhere near'' the Great China Wall? Pray, what does ''anywhere near'' mean exactly? Are you saying it wasn't 4 times longer? Are you disputing the research, and if so, based on what counter-study? My goodness. Nri bronze is 200 years olders than Bini bronze and 100 years older than Ife..What has this drivel got to do with the topic? Utterly irrelevant, in addition to being puerile claims pulled out of Uranus. Take your ''Igbo versus everyone else'' mindset and return to your spare parts shop where you really belong. |
OfficialAPCNig:Actually, the scholarly research I posted stated that the Benin Wall was ''4 times longer than the Great Wall of China.'' Not ''older''. Not ''bigger'' (whatever 'bigger' means). This basic error in comprehension betrays your intellectual ineptitude. I am done with you, and will not discuss your other 'points'. You are a high school dropout. Not that that is a bad thing in itself, if you had some humility and willingness to learn. This thread is for educated people, not pompous neophytes. |
SweetVibe:In what way? You must be taken in by these ignorant school dropouts angry that it wasn't their ethnicity being credited with glory. |
Fejoku:Dumb school dropout who thinks I'm an almajiri because I'm schooling his dumbass. |
colorsofrainbow:The milk in the feeding bottle is NOT from Igboland, so shut up. THIEF. Even YOU are being fed the same milk from the feeding bottle of Niger Delta oil, via your state's monthly allocation from Abuja. Dependent mocking other dependents for being dependent. By the way, it is northerners feeding you, not the other way round. That is why there are millions of your people in their land and very few of them in yours. |
Idiko1:Sunday is a work-free day of rest all over the world my friend. That's a silly excuse for shutting down your economy. You Igbos are supposed to be really smart. Smart people don't shut down their economy for anybody or for any reason. The money must be flowing before you can do anything, even agitate. Or will you agitate with empty stomach? As former US president Bill Clinton famously said, ''It's the economy, stupid.'' Here's a little secret. Your 'enemies', be it Fulanis or whomever, actually want to see many more sit-at-homes ordered by IPOB. ![]() |
Fejoku:Animal. Cancelling his words doesn't mean we can't read them. Satan. How many Igbos have you killed today? |
udele1:Highly intelligent write-up and very potent questions raised. The Igbo masses are just pawns in these criminals' games. That is why IPOB kills them like flies, without a second thought. They matter NOTHING in reality to IPOB, just as they mattered NOTHING to Ojukwu and his henchmen. 2 million, 3 million, or 10 million Igbos killed in war means nothing to them, insofar as they can make money either through the fraudulent agitation as explained by the writer, or by the looting of a potential Biafra's oil fields. None of this has anything to do with liberating the Igbo people from anything. If anything, a 'Biafra' will imprison Igbos in a vicious banana republic dictatorship led by bloodthirsty thugs. |
lildush:Shut up and go get a job, you bigot. Try to civilise your own people currently slaughtering each other on the streets of the south east. Narcissistic buffoon that thinks he is 'civilized'. Does your terrorist organisation IPOB and its leader understand what DEMOCRACY means? What is their response to those who hold different views from them? Is it not assassination? That is civilization in your dumb head, abi? GET THIS: As at today, a Nigeria ruled by northerners is 100,000 times preferable to a Biafra ruled by IPOB and Kanu. See how we all abuse the president daily here. Call him all sorts of names. Has anybody come to arrest or kill us? NO. Can we do that in your little, tribal banana republic dotcom dictatorship? Idiatt. Mr civilized. |
CaptainAyub:SHUT UP. DID YOU FATHER JONATHAN PROVIDE ''ORDINARY POTABLE WATER'' OR WAS IT LOOTING SPREE? |
JOemmy:The British stole $30 TRILLION MINIMUM in today's money, in their 80 year rule of Nigeria. Someone came and seized your entire house, and you ignored him to be chasing a thief that stole a loaf of bread from the house. |
VEHINTOLAR:I've so had it up to here with this primitive mentality you people display here. I am not from Benin for starters. You have assumed I am from there simply because I am writing about its history. I mean, your mentality is so low and wretched. YES, THERE ARE, AND WILL ALWAYS BE 'detribalised' Nigerians like myself who have no problem with writing glowingly about other ethnic groups and regions apart from our own. We are not all selfish, disgusting ethnic bigots and chauvinists. I wrote earlier that Benin City was ''essentially'' the capital of southern Nigeria. Not 'officially', but 'essentially', meaning 'for all intents and purposes'. And it is not even closely debatable, as Benin City was the biggest and most famous city by an absolute mile in the entire region. Like I said. This thread is for enlightened people and those willing to learn their precolonial history as Nigerians/Africans. It is not for ethnic bigots. If you are here for superiority contests of Igbo versus Edo versus Yoruba etc, kindly get lost. |
dettolgel:The UK Guardian newspaper, ie your former colonial 'master', is relating to you the truth about your history, which he hid from you before, after destroying your education system, and installing his own, which taught you you were with Tarzan in the jungle. He's telling you the real truth now, so shut up, read, and learn. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/18/story-of-cities-5-benin-city-edo-nigeria-mighty-medieval-capital-lost-without-trace |
Solofresh2:I guess he thinks the whites invaded us and saw us ''wearing leaves'', and out of pity, went back home to design, and sew ankara, iro and buba, obiagu, and danshiki for us to be wearing. Our people are generally lost. We need serious re-orientation as a people or we are going nowhere. |
Jameszinchenkov:Another angry, ignorant thug from the East. Not interested. Bye. This thread is for enlightened people, and those keen to learn their precolonial history. |
SarkinYarki:12 Amazing African Inventions That Changed The World 1 Speech The first words by humans were spoken by Africans. ''Using statistical methods to estimate the time required to achieve the current spread and diversity in modern languages today, Johanna Nichols — a linguist at the University of California, Berkeley — argues that vocal language must have arisen in our species at least 100,000 years ago. Using phonemic diversity, a more recent analysis offers directly linguistic support for a similar date. Estimates of this kind are independently supported by genetic, archaeological, palaeontological and much other evidence suggesting that language probably emerged somewhere in sub-Saharan Africa during the Middle Stone Age, roughly contemporaneous with the speciation of Homo sapiens.'' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_language 2 Writing In 1999, Archaeology Magazine reported that the earliest Egyptian hieroglyphs date back to 3400 BCE which "...challenge the commonly held belief that early logographs, pictographic symbols representing a specific place, object, or quantity, first evolved into more complex phonetic symbols in Mesopotamia." Who were these original Egyptians? The Greek historian Herodotus.. described the Colchians of the Black Sea shores as "Egyptians by race" and pointed out they had "black skins and kinky hair." Apollodorus, the Greek philosopher, described Egypt as "the country of the black-footed ones" and the Latin historian Ammianus Marcellinus said "the men of Egypt are mostly brown or black with a skinny desiccated look." http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page88.shtml In his book 'Egypt', British scholar Sir E.A. Wallis Budge says: "The prehistoric native of Egypt, both in the old and in the new Stone Ages, was African and there is every reason for saying that the earliest settlers came from the South." He further states: "There are many things in the manners and customs and religions of the historic Egyptians that suggests that the original home of their prehistoric ancestors was in a country in the neighborhood of Uganda and Punt [present day Somalia]." ''Greek historian Diodorus Siculus devoted an entire chapter of his world history, the Bibliotheke Historica, or Library of History (Book 3), to the Kushites ["Aithiopians"] of Meroe. Here he repeats the story of their great piety, their high favor with the gods, and adds the fascinating legend that they were.. the founders of Egyptian civilization, invented writing, and had given the Egyptians their religion and culture.'' (1st century B.C., Diodorus Siculus of Sicily, Greek historian and contemporary of Caesar Augustus, Universal History Book III. 2. 4-3. 3) http://wysinger.homestead.com/blackegypt101.html To summarise: "Ancient Egypt was a Negro civilisation. The history of Black Africa will remain suspended in the air and cannot be written correctly until African historians connect it with the history of Egypt. The African historian who evades the problem of Egypt is neither modest nor objective nor unruffled. He is ignorant, cowardly and neurotic. The ancient Egyptians were Negroes. The moral fruit of their civilisation is to be counted among the assets of the Black world." - Cheikh Anta Diop, The African Origin of Civilisation. 3 Medicine ''The earliest known surgery was performed in Egypt around 2750 BC.... The Ebers papyrus (1550 BC) is full of incantations and foul applications meant to turn away disease-causing demons, and also includes 877 prescriptions. It may also contain the earliest documented awareness of tumors.. Homer (800 BC) remarked in the Odyssey: "In Egypt, the men are more skilled in medicine than any of human kind" and "the Egyptians were skilled in medicine more than any other art". The Greek historian Herodotus visited Egypt around 440 BC and wrote extensively of his observations of their medicinal practices. Pliny the Elder also wrote favourably of them in historical review. Hippocrates (the 'father of medicine'), Herophilos, Erasistratus and later Galen studied at the temple of Amenhotep, and acknowledged the contribution of ancient Egyptian medicine to Greek medicine. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_medicine 4 Architecture The African empire of Egypt developed a vast array of diverse structures and great architectural monuments along the Nile, among the largest and most famous of which are the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Great Sphinx of Giza The pyramids, which were built in the Fourth Dynasty, testify to the power of the pharaonic religion and state. They were built to serve both as grave sites and also as a way to make their names last forever. The size and simple design show the high skill level of Egyptian design and engineering on a large scale. The Great Pyramid of Giza, which was probably completed c. 2580 BC, is the oldest and largest of the pyramids, and is the only surviving monument of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The pyramid of Khafre is believed to have been completed around 2532 BC, at the end of Khafre's reign. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture 5 Mathematics The invention of mathematics is placed firmly in African PRE-HISTORY. ''The oldest known possibly mathematical object is the Lebombo bone, discovered in the Lebombo mountains of Swaziland and dated to approximately 35,000 BC. It consists of 29 distinct notches cut into a baboon's fibula. Also prehistoric artifacts discovered in Africa and France, dated between 35,000 and 20,000 years old [respectively], suggest early attempts to quantify time. The Ishango bone, found near the headwaters of the Nile river (northeastern Congo), may be as much as 20,000 years old and consists of a series of tally marks carved in three columns running the length of the bone. Common interpretations are that the Ishango bone shows either the earliest known demonstration of sequences of prime numbers or a six month lunar calendar. Also, Predynastic Egyptians of the 5th millennium BC pictorially represented geometric designs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mathematics#Prehistoric_mathematics ''Numeral systems have been many and diverse, with the first known written numerals created by Egyptians in Middle Kingdom texts such as the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus. The earliest uses of mathematics were in trading, land measurement, painting and weaving patterns and the recording of time. More complex mathematics did not appear until around 3000 BC, when the Egyptians and Babylonians began using arithmetic, algebra and geometry for taxation and other financial calculations, for building and construction, and for astronomy'' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics 6 Mining of minerals The oldest known mine on archaeological record is the "Lion Cave" in Swaziland, which radiocarbon dating shows to be about 43,000 years old. Much later on, the Africans of Egypt mined malachite....Quarries for turquoise and copper were also found at "Wadi Hamamat, Tura, Aswan and various other Nubian sites"..The gold mines of Nubia were among the largest and most extensive in the world, and are described by the Greek author Diodorus Siculus. He mentions that fire-setting was one method used to break down the hard rock holding the gold. One of the complexes is shown in one of earliest known maps. They crushed the ore and ground it to a fine powder before washing the powder for the gold dust. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining#Prehistoric_mining 7 Iron Smelting Iron smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy; its main use is to produce a metal from its ore. This includes production of silver, iron, copper and other base metals from their ores. Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gasses or slag and leaving just the metal behind. Early iron smelting: ''Where and how iron smelting was discovered is widely debated, and remains uncertain due to the significant lack of production finds.. [but] there is a further possibility of iron smelting and working in West Africa by 1200 BC. In addition, very early instances of carbon steel were found to be in production around 2000 years before the present in northwest Tanzania, based on complex preheating principles. These discoveries are significant for the history of metallurgy.'' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting 8 Religion Greek historian Diodorus Siculus. From his own statements we learn that he traveled in Egypt around 60 BC. His travels in Egypt probably took him as far south as the first Cataract. He wrote about the black races of inner Africa whom he called ''Ethiopians'', dwelling south of Egypt. "They further write that it was among them that people were first taught to honor the gods and offer sacrifices and arrange processions and festivals and perform other things by which people honor the divine. For this reason their piety is famous among all men, and the sacrifices among the Ethiopians are believed to be particularly pleasing to the divinity." 9 Laws Stephanus of Byzantium, who is said to represent the opinions of the most ancient Greeks, says: "Ethiopia was the first established country on the earth, and the Ethiopians were the first who introduced the worship of the Gods and who established laws." Quoted by John D. Baldwin, Prehistoric Nations, p. 62. 10 International Trade In 1825, Arnold Hermann Heeren (1760-1842), Professor of History and Politics in the University of Gottengen and one of the ablest of the early exponents of the economic interpretation of history, published, in the fourth and revised edition of his great work Ideen Uber Die Politik, Den Verkehr Und Den Handel Der Vornehmsten Volker Der Alten Weld, a lengthy essay on the history, culture, and commerce of the ancient Ethiopians, which had profound influence on contemporary writers in the conclusion that it was among these ancient Black people of Africa and Asia that international trade was first developed. He wrote that as a by-product of these international contacts there was an exchange of ideas and cultural practices that laid the foundations of the earliest civilizations of the ancient world. Heeren in his researches says: "From the remotest times to the present, the Ethiopians (ancient name for blacks south of the Sahara) have been one of the most celebrated, and yet the most mysterious of nations. In the earliest traditions of nearly all the..civilized nations of antiquity, the name of this distant people is found. ..The annals of the Egyptian priests are full of them, and the nations of inner Asia, on the Euphrates and Tigris, have interwoven the fictions of the Ethiopians with their traditions of the wars and conquests of their heroes; and, at a period equally remote, they glimmer in Greek mythology. When the Greeks scarcely knew Italy and Sicily by name, the Ethiopians were celebrated in the verses of their poets, and when the faint gleam of tradition and fable gives way to the clear light of history, the lustre of the Ethiopians is not diminished. They still continue to be the objects of curiosity and admiration, and the pen of clear-sighted, cautious historians places them in the highest rank of knowledge and civilization." https://www.jstor.org/stable/3025163?seq=2#metadata_info_tab_contents 11 Philosophy Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy#Ancient_philosophy Philosophy in Africa has a rich and varied history, dating from pre-dynastic Egypt, continuing through the birth of Christianity and Islam. Arguably central to the ancients was the conception of "ma'at", which roughly translated refers to "justice", "truth", or simply "that which is right". One of the earliest works of political philosophy was the Maxims of Ptah-Hotep, which were taught to Egyptian schoolboys for centuries...Ancient Egyptian philosophers made extremely important contributions to Hellenistic philosophy, Christian philosophy, and Islamic philosophy. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_philosophy ''Ancient Egyptian philosophy has been credited by the ancient Greeks as being the beginning of philosophy''. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_philosophy 12 Art The oldest art objects in the world—a series of tiny, drilled snail shells about 75,000 years old—were discovered in a South African cave. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art |
BKayy:I'm no longer responding to your garbage. You are a semi-literate high school dropout. Go and study WAEC. You are not even a secondary school graduate. You are not qualified for this debate. Kindly respect yourself and get lost. |
BKayy:You know what, I'm done with you. You're an ethnic bigot. You are not here to contribute anything but bigotry, rivalry, and hatred for other ethnIcities as the whites taught you to do. Have you studied Benin history to know if they had a calendar, metal smithing, and mathematics, which you called ''counting''? I mean, your ignorance stinks. Here was an empire that you've just read accounts about above, of their great accomplishments, and in all that you read, it did not occur to your thick skull that those people surely knew how to COUNT? Do Benin people not have words for numbers in their language like you do? How can a people who exchanged ambassadors with Portugal as early as the 1490s, engaged in international trade, built cities according to fractal design, and built the world's largest man-made structure, not know how to count? I'm done with you. Just get lost from here. |
BKayy:First of all, let me decolonise your thinking a bit. In this precolonial era under discussion, there was no such thing as ''Ndigbo''. What we had were Igbo-speaking peoples. There were no 'Yorubas'. What we had were Yoruba-speaking peoples. There were no 'Hausas'. Just Hausa-speaking peoples. What tied people together in precolonial Nigeria was not the language they spoke, but their lineage and ancestry. An Aro man did not consider himself brothers with an Owerri man. An Ekiti man did not consider himself of the same 'ethnic group' as an Ijebu man. It was the COLONIALISTS who created language-based 'ethnic groups' in order to create large blocs of division that would pitch one group of natives against the other, and create ethnic rivalry, thus preventing their unification to drive away the colonialists. So at this period under discussion, they were no ''Igbos'' as a group unified in anything. So it makes no sense for you to claim that ''Igbos did not know Benin''. SOME Igbo-speaking people would definitely have known about Benin. There is no reason to think they were all stuck in their homelands and never travelled or had visitors, or engaged in trade. |
''...in the palaces, pillars were covered with bronze plaques illustrating the victories and deeds of former kings and nobles.'' https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YJIkhMi_6PU/maxresdefault.jpg ''At the height of its greatness in the 12th century – well before the start of the European Renaissance – the kings and nobles of Benin City patronised craftsmen and lavished them with gifts and wealth, in return for their depiction of the kings’ and dignitaries’ great exploits in intricate bronze sculptures. “These works from Benin are equal to the very finest examples of European casting technique,” wrote Professor Felix von Luschan, formerly of the Berlin Ethnological Museum. “Benvenuto Celini could not have cast them better, nor could anyone else before or after him. Technically, these bronzes represent the very highest possible achievement.”'' https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/18/story-of-cities-5-benin-city-edo-nigeria-mighty-medieval-capital-lost-without-trace |
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