A study was done, using Igbo to teach basic science to secondary school students, and they achieved better results in Igbo. http://www.slideshare.net/AlexanderDecker/effects-of-language-of-instruction-on-junior-secondary-school-jss-students-academic-achievement-in-basic-science

1 science- nkammuta/ nkanchọputa
2 Acid - ilugbu
3 aggregation status- ọnọdu nkpokọta
4 symbiosis-mmekọundu
5 analysis-tusaokwu
6 antimatter- gbodo-nduumi
7 apparatus- ngwaọru
8 atmosphere-nkwuru
9 atom- ntọkiri
10 bacteria - njepeka
11 Big Bang- nnukwuuda
12 biodiversity- nduichiche
13 bioethics- ndunsọ
14 biosphere- ebendu
15 black hole - olulu oji
16 carbon - umiume
17 cell - mpeka
18 chaos -aghara
19 climate -ihu igwe
20 cloning- mipuabuọ
21 DNA - obundu
22 ecosystem - nhazindu
23 electricity -ọkuulọ
24 electron- ntọoku
25 element - umindu
26 energy - ikendu
27 entropy- ndapuọma
28 environment=agbata
29 enzyme - umingbanwe
30 equilibrium -nhataotu
31 error- njefie
32 ethology- agwaanumanu
33 evolution - ntomalite
34 experiment-ọrunchọputa
35 force - ikeime
36 fossil - nhapuochie
37 galaxy- uwaelu
38 gene - ntọndu
39 genetically modified organism - agbwanwerendu
40 gravity-ike ndọda
41 greenhouse effect- okeọku
42 H2O- mmiri
43 heat-okpomọkụ
44 hydrocarbon= mmiri-umeumi
45 infinity-ebighebi
46 intelligence-ọgụgụ isi
47 Internet- uwanile/ngigauwa
48 life-ndụ
49 light-ìhè
50 link - eririkọta
51 magnetism- ndọkọtaomi
52 mass -ìgwè
53 matter - nduumi
54 measurement - amatanra
55 metabolism- ọrundu
56 chemistry- nka-ngbanweta
57 mole- ahumachi
58 molecule - nkpokọntọ
59 motion - njebe
60 mutation - ngbanwe
61 natural selection - nhọputandu
62 nebula- ojiti
63 neuron- ọwaakwara
64 organism- otundu
65 osmosis- ijenkpokọntọ
66 physics - nzaọdinandu
67 periodic table- oge okpokoro
68 ph-adọ
69 photosynthesis- ọruìhèanwu
70 planet-mbara ụwa
71 pollution-mmetọ
72 pressure- nrụgide
73 probability- puruome
74 protein - umiibi/anuundu
75 pulsar - nyeudabim
76 quantum - nraọgugu
77 quark - nduafuna
78 reaction-ọzaahu
79 reproduction - mmeputandu
80 research -nyochọputa
81 rule- omenọdu
82 scientific method - nsoro nkammuta
83 solution- mmeziọnọdu
84 space - efe
85 species- umuundu
86 star- kpakpando
87 stem cell = mpeka-apughiiche
88 Artery - Ọwa ọbara uje
89 systems- nhazionodu
90 technology- nkànaụzụ
91 temperature- etuokpomọkụ
92 time- oge
93 tissue - eririndu
94 tumour- opuọjọọ
95 Universe- uwaobibi
96 vacuum - efeolulu
97 virus - njepekanari
98 wave-ebilimmiri
99 theory- nkọwata
100 hypothesis- nwunwata

lalasticlala, seun, odumchi, Fulaman198, bigfrancis21 - please i need to get this to a wider audience.

Is the Igbo language complete?
https://tentenjab./2015/09/21/is-igbo-language-complete/

It has since been a saying that Igbo language is not a complete language and this myopic saying emanate from ndi Igbo to the detriment of their language. The saying arose because most of the Igbo native speakers who say it are not informed on the issues of language and are not competent in the language.

Language is a living thing hence, it is dynamic in nature. This elucidate why words change their meaning, loose currency (become obsolete), sentence change order of precedence ( eg. from OVS to SVO) and sound change. In general, every language are of equal status since every language has equal features/characteristics irrespective of their distinctive features. What seem to make a language higher than the other is diglossia, the number of speakers and the official status. All these reasons are very inconsequential.

Every culture is propelled by language. Every cultural group is a potential speech community. However, the importance of language cannot be over emphasised. Have you taken a thought why most countries and tribes are named after their language? As important as language is to culture, culture is of the same importance to language. Thus, a language cannot grow above its culture. In other words, the number of words in a language is traced to the size of its culture including the encultured words.

Igbo language is one of the national languages of Nigeria spoken in the Eastern region. The language is among the languages predicted by UNESCO to go into extinction by the year 2020. The prediction is made following the language attitude of ndi Igbo towards their language and the preference of English language over their own language. The reason for this preference is their pride nature which gives them the mindset that speaking English is a way to show their academic intelligence and belong to the civilized class making Igbo language a language of or for ‘illiterates’ and English a language of ‘literates/elites’. Let me state categorically that Igbo language will not go into extinction because the Igbo language has and is still having literature and the younger generation is still speaking and learning the language and the scholars are still carrying out research on the language. No language is for illiterates or literates after all, all languages are subject to research.

Igbo language like all other languages is complete. Any word that is not found in Igbo language is probably not of Igbo origin. Every language gain their words through coinage, borrowing, blending etc. In borrowing, the words are mostly reconditioned phonologically. This means that the borrowed words are compelled to change their phonological pattern to suit the phonological pattern of the target language for instance, the English word ‘radio’ is borrowed into Igbo and phonologically reconditioned to be ‘redio’. There are so many words like that in Igbo language.

Most Igbo speakers ask what is the Igbo word for certain English words. The truth is that since they do not originate from Igbo language, it is the duty of the native speakers to either coin a word for it or borrow from the language following the existing rule. Let me state here that a word is not found in Igbo language does not mean that Igbo language is not complete. Igbo language has words for everything thing that exist in its culture and so it is with every language. It is important to note that there are some words which exist in Igbo language that is not found in English. If you argue, give me the English name for Ọfọ and èméré.

Some of uncommon Igbo words include the following:

Mpio window
Ọtụwa key
Ahụmihe experience
Nkwago stage
Igwentụoyi air condition
Igwenjụoyi refrigerator
Mahantịị nursery school
Mahanta primary school
Mahaetiti Secondary school
Ekereuche creative mind
Enyouche imaginative mind
Nsụagharị translation
Nzere/asambodo certificate
Conclusively, Igbo is a complete language just like English language so, every one should take note of it. I urge every Igbo native speaker to in contribute his capacity to the growth of the language. When language goes into extinction, the speakers suffer because language is a pedigree of a tribe and a make mark of identity. When a language dies, the tribe dies.

Great news.

Africans dragging Africa back since 900 AD. Dumboes. Mud houses? Really?

If only Nigerians can think. In better-thinking climes there would be many universities run in Hausa. Engineering, biology, Aeronautics etc, would be some of the courses taught in Hausa-run universities. All the ingredients are there to make the Hausa language successful at the highest levels of usage: a huge speakership and a solid language. Over half of the country speaks it. It is the most written Nigerian indigenous language. Research has shown that people learn better with their native tongue. The language you use 80% of the time is your best language. In countries like like Spain, whole universities are taught in Catalonia, despite Spanish being the national language. Sadly, it may never happen because there is little deep thinking. To many low-IQs. Too many for comfort. Their level of thinking hardly advances beyond the mud huts in their villages.

I didn't write it. I read the article on techcabal and thought I'd post it here.

28 Websites That Can Teach You A Lot For Free
BY DAVID ADELEKE
INTERNET, LINKED LISTOCTOBER 22, 2015


Having the internet has opened us up to lots of new things. Now you don’t have to go to school or open a book to learn a lot about a lot of things. All you need is an internet-enabled device and internet connection and you’re good to go.

There are so many websites you can log onto and have access to an ocean of knowledge. What’s more? A lot of these websites offer knowledge for free. Who doesn’t like freebies?

Here are 28 websites where you can learn a lot, for free.

Finance/Accounting

1. Wall Street Survivor

Wall Street Survivor is a website where you can learn how to invest in stocks. Their mission is simply to demystify investing and personal finance through interactive and comprehensive education.

How-to

2. Wikihow

You know the saying “all things are possible”? Wikihow epitomizes it, in some way. You can learn how to do almost anything on Wikihow, from how to train your bird to how to get a smaller waist. I learned how to pitch ideas from some of the lessons there.

Language & Vocabulary

3. Duolingo

I’m currently learning German on Duolingo (don’t ask me why I chose German). So far, it has been fun. Es ist wunderbar.

4. Lingvist.io

Lingvist’s value proposition is that you can learn any language in 200 hours, no matter the level you are at.

5. Memrise

Memrise is a website where you can learn different languages. It uses science to adapt your learning to your preferred style and performance. So it learns as you do too. You can also compete with friends and other members of the community.

6. Busuu

The content on Busuu are curated by experts and teachers. You can also test what you know by interacting with other users.

7. Lingua.ly

On this website, you have free access, forever, to learn any language of your choice. You determine what you learn. You choose the words and the text you want to learn. The learning style is designed to suit your interests.

8. Merriam-Webster

Learn a new word every day and improve your vocabulary. You can also play word games to test yourself.

Online Courses

9. Coursera

Coursera offers free online courses in a host of fields. I’m currently taking Brand Management classes from London Business School, via Coursera. And it’s free.

10. Coursmos

Coursmos provides education for the “generation distracted.” This simply implies that the courses are short and easy to learn.

11. edX

This gives you access to free courses from some of the best universities in the world such as MIT, Harvard and Australian National University.

12. Khan Academy

The only thing you need to know about Khan Academy is: you can learn anything.

13. Udacity

On Udacity, you have access to courses designed by Google, Facebook and AT&T. You can also earn a ‘Nanodegree’. Some of the courses are free, others are not.

14. Glean.co

This is a website that curates knowledge in videos. The lessons are from subjects like Algebra, Physics, Chemistry and Calculus.

15. Futurelearn

Here, you can discover a range of topics from Digital Marketing to Language and Psychology. The platform curates resources from universities around the UK. You can also learn digital creativity courses as part of the BBC Make it Digital campaign.

Programming/Coding

16. Codecademy

When I wanted to start learning how to code, I used Codecademy. The style is interactive and you code-learn on the go.

17. Stuk.io

You can learn how to code and create web apps here.

18. Code.org

With the growing importance of computer programmers around the world, websites that teach coding are becoming more important too. Code.org is aimed at educators and students, mostly.

Science

19. World Science U

This is a website where you can get answers to questions you have about sciences. It has options for a Master class and University courses. But you can read up on topics such as String Theory, Cosmology and Black Holes, for free.

20. Experiment.com

Experiment.com is primarily a crowdfunding website for scientific research. People who have research ideas but no access to funds can use the website to raise funds. Even Bill Gates approves it. What’s peculiar about this website is that you can read up on featured experiments, for free. If the experiment interests you, then you can help fund it.

21. Useful Science

Learn science that is relevant to your idiosyncrasies, and briefly too. Resources on the website are short and concise.

General Knowledge

22. Genius

Genius is a website that allows you find annotations on music lyrics and other forms of text. I once read up a Y Combinator startup class note there.

23. Highbrow

Highbrow is a website you can subscribe to and you will get bite-sized knowledge in your inbox everyday. You can read up their materials in just 5 minutes.

24. Quora

Quora is my new addiction. It’s a website where you can ask questions and answer some too. On Quora, you find people like James Altucher, Jimmy Wales and many other ‘celebrities’ providing profound insights to people’s questions.

25. Pianu

With Pianu, you don’t have to disturb that guy in your church choir to give you piano lessons anymore. Pianu lets you learn how to play the piano interactively.

26. Lumosity

Lumosity gives you access to brain games. These games will help you train your memory and broaden your mind.

27. Socratic

Get answers and give answers. Socratic is a website where you can teach and be taught.

28. Chesscademy

Learn how to play chess online. You can watch videos and solve puzzles too, all for free.

Photo Credit: the tartanpodcast via Compfight cc
http://techcabal.com/2015/10/22/28-websites-that-can-teach-you-a-lot-for-free/

Every Igbo dialect is precious and contributes to the rich essence of the language. I believe that it is only a fervently written culture that can integrate all the dialects into one universal language, like Dante did for Italian. I am working towards this respect and with time I would solicit the help of all of you on this thread and beyond, to contribute words in your dialects. We can achieve a cornucopia of words.No one Igbo dialect can stand on its own. A beautiful example of Igbo dialectical synthesis is the Igbo bible. Though I think some of the words were not properly translated into Igbo, owing obviously to the fact that at the time they were foreign to the igbo language, the Igbo language stands its ground in the translation, due to the amalgamation of different Igbo dialects.

I wrote about the power of Igbo dialects in my post, 'The Igbo Language: a complete methodology of word creation in any area for knowledge' (https://www.nairaland.com/2604206/igbo-language-complete-methodology-word):
'FUSING IGBO DIALECTS WITH IZUGBE. The Igbo language is an exceedingly rich language with plenty of dialects and sub-dialects as well as a huge inheritance of proverbs, riddles, idioms etc. I am all for the complete emptying of the dialects into Izugbe. The Igbo dialects have had their day. They can’t stand the combined onslaught of Izugbe and English; they would ultimately loosen and fade if they do not wed to Izugbe.
Now is the time to integrate them into Izugbe to ensure their survival. They all have rich stores of vocabulary that would enrich the Igbo language. Izugbe can absorb every Igbo dialect. Izugbe would continue having the upper hand over the Igbo dialects because it is actively written and studied at the highest levels of academia. And many new words, have come into Igbo through it. Examples of dialect words are agalaga (anchor), agbantu (gate), arọnka (style), deghedeghe (soft), deyi (cold), chichiriri (tight and woven together), bande (catch), anaghukwa (bicycle), amimva (rafters), aji (belt), akahi (last year), akparawa (young man), akirisya (oyster).

REVIVING OLD WORDS. Where possible certain Igbo words should be revived. In old Igbo names and proverbs, one comes across Igbo words that are no more in use (at least in popular usage); many of them can be revived. Across Igbo communities, there are ‘unique’ words used to describe limited/vanishing phenomena, these can be reassigned to other functions. Here are some old Igbo words of restricted usage that deserve general circulation: ete (climbing rope), gidigidi (great), garagara (clever), gadangada (over clever), agiga (corner).'

Beautiful lady. Wonderful.

ChinenyeN:
Looks like you're making real progress here, Scholti. Have you thought yet about starting up along the lines of an "Igbo Speaker's Professionals Group?" At the rate you're moving, I'd suggest gathering a group of like-minded Igbo-speaking
professionals so you can put out some professional literature. No, I don't mean a dictionary (that ought to be a given). I'm talking about text, such as manuals or an equivalent of academic journals or articles.

This is just a suggestion, that I believe is worth considering, based on your projected timetable.

Thank you, very much for your comment. I am heartened and encouraged by you and Phut and others on this forum who love the Igbo language. At first I thought there wasn't much interest in the language, let alone acceptance of new ideas, and this really slowed down my momentum, when the ideas of affixes and methodology for word creation in Igbo came into my mind, but I see that there are people here and elsewhere who are passionate about the language. I showed a lady who studied Igbo at university my affixes and writings on Igbo grammar and vocabulary, and she was absolutely excited and supportive of them, both for the imperative of modernity and substance embedded in them, and through her I came to know a group on Facebook with over 6,000 members, where a great deal of Igbo is written on a daily basis. The first of its kind, I have seen on the web.

Creating a group of language professionals is very much in my mind, but sadly due to work I can't devote time to it now, till January. Come January, I would have a website where serious writings on the sciences, politics and more, grounded but not restricted to current affairs, would be written in Igbo. The site would feed back to a group on Facebook and twitter, and back again. And going forward, I would start an academic journal on the sciences in Igbo. There is so much scientific talent amongst Igbos, that need to be put into the language they speak and understand best, as every group that has advanced in the sciences, has done, the Japanese, Russians, Germans etc.

Word creations and writings on Igbo grammar and vocabulary, are what I can do for now, given the time I have. I plan to create a website of Igbo words, where every genre of human speciality - the sciences, philosophy etc - would be adequately represented, with sentence examples, and where anyone seeking any modern word can go to.

hyfr:
someone said its UWA NA-ACHO IKPU

They are all legitimate ways of expressing the English sentence. A language like Igbo, with many dialects, would have many ways of expressing a common word like 'sink.' They are all good.

Personally I see nothing wrong with inter-tribal marriages. Despite differences in ethnic languages and festivals we all the same. Inter-tribal marriage is beautiful.

ChinenyeN:
Alright. Well, I understand the 'igwe' in the construction, but where then does the 'uru' come from? What word is that?

'Uru' means benefit/utility, i.e. O nweghị uru(it has no value).

ChinenyeN:
I'd like to know the etymology for igweuru (computer).

'Igweuru' is based on the functional definition of the word 'computer', albeit in a general way, as a faithful definition of the word, 'computer' is impossible in a compact word; it is much like the word 'computer' that comes from 'compute', which means 'calculating machine'. Though there are many devices that qualify as 'igweuru', only one can get it.

hyfr:
You have a good control of our beloved language. Pls help me translate this english to igbo "THE WORLD WANTS TO SINK"

"THE WORLD WANTS TO SINK" - Ụwa chọrọ idamina/imikpu.

kaboninc:


There's a time stating the obvious facts will translate to grumbling and grumbling will result to frustration. Please understand that am not against us making those who pilot our affairs understand that some of their actions are not good or sound. Or that they cannot be held responsible for their actions.

But in so doing, we miss the mark, miss the idea, tarnish the goal and make a mess of ourselves. Personally, I've long decided to only see possibilities. Ideas and solutions. I'm quite aware that there are problems but I want to spend my time finding the solution. I go through a lot but I've realised that ruminating and chewing on this problem makes the problem appear so unsolvable.

Great nations were not built in a day. In fact, some of these great nations suffered same fate as we currently do. A positive will by the people, a determination to be better and zeal to make a difference are the propellants to a successful nation. When individuals who know what they want for better living do their bit, it won't take long for the people to realise that and identify with term. That way they are entrusted with leadership roles and a journey to greatness is born.

My point, make your mark and the people will desire you to lead them.

Great comment. I am sick and tired of just complaints. What have their complaints achieved? What have complaints ever accomplished? Don't people get tired? I don't totally agree that Africa is a crackpot as people like to represent it. There are lots of great places and developments on the continent, it just takes curiosity to know them. The people that never read anything beyond their villages would not know anything about them. A few days ago Ethiopia unveiled its intercity railway service. I once saw a list of patent holders and there were lots of Nigerians on it. Showing a few slums may pull heartstrings but they don't tell the whole picture. The truth is Africa is on a trajectory, it may not be as fast as we want it to be but it is heading towards a direction. Wars are ending, more prosperity is arriving in the continent. We can hasten its movement in our small positive ways, like Dangote and the anonymous armies of entrepreneurs who employs millions of people.

dhardline:
Wow this is nice..OP did you do the translation yourself?

Thanks. Yes I did.

1. accelerator - mmeọsọ
2. airbag -akpaikuku
3. air conditioner - opan ikuku
4. air conditioning - opan ikuku
5. air filter - iyo ikuku
6. air vent - npuga ikuku
7. alarm - otimkpu
8. all-wheel drive - okpore inya nile
9. alternator - ngbanweọzọvi
10. antenna - ologoelu
11. anti-lock brakes - mgbochi mkpọchi ukwusi
12. armrest - nzuikeogweaka
13. auto - akpaghi
14. automatic
15. transmission-akpaka nnyefe
16. automobile-ụgbọala
17. baby car seat - oche ụgbọala nwa
18. baby seat - oche nwa
19. back-up lights - ọkụ nkwado
20. battery - ikeigwe
21. bench seat - oche obodobo
22. bonnet - nchedookpu
23. brake light - ukwusi ọkụ
24. brake pedal - ukwusi okpapa
25. brakes - ukwusi
26. bucket seat - oche pani
27. carburetor - mgbakoikukuvi
28. catalytic converter - mkpata mgbanwevi
29 chassis - ntọalaugboala
30. chrome trim - agba mkpụbelata
31. clutch - njisi ike
32. computer - igweuru
33. console - ebeichikota
34. crankshaft - mgbanwecha
35. cruise control - achịkwa nrughari
36. cylinder - ukiri
37 dashboard - ebengwáugbo
38 defroster = oz (de-)-ebubeoyivi
39 diesel engine - obiugboime
40 dipstick -ntinye mkpisi
41 differential - nke iche
42 door- uzo
43 door handle - aka uzo
44 drive belt - nhuchi ugbo
45 drive shaft - aro ugboala
46 emergency brake - ukwusi mberede
47 emergency lights - oku mberede
48 emissions - nyese
49 engine - obiugbo
50 engine block -ngọngọ obiugbo
51 exhaust pipe -iyuzucha anwụrụ
52 fender -ngbochie
53 fog light -ìhè waja
54 four-wheel drive - ikpore ano
55 fuel - mmanu ugbo
56 fuel cap - okpu mmanu ugbo
57 fuel gauge - nlele mmanu ugbo
58 fuse - nchedooku
59 gas - ikuugbo/nri (a blend of 'ikuku' and 'ugbo' or 'nri')
60 gasket - nchedoihihi
61 gas pedal - okpapa ikuugbo
62 gas gauge - nlele ikuugbo
63 gasoline - mmanuime
64 gas tank - oba
ikuugbo
65 gearbox - igbe mgbanweọsọ
66 gear shift - mkpumi mgbanweọsọ
67 gear stick - mkpisi mgbanweọsọ
68 glove compartment - ebe uweaka
69 GPS - idu ugboala
70 hand brake - ukwusi aka
71 headlamp -oriọna isi
72 headlight - oku isi
73 headrest - nzuike isi
74 heater - igwe oku
75 high-beam headlights - ìhè si elu
76 hood - nkpuchi isi
77 horn - mpi
78 ignition - nwunyeoku
79 instrument panel - ngwá osisi
80 interior light - oku ime
81 internal combustion 82 engine - obiugbo orire ime
83 license plate - efere ikikère
84 lights -ihè
85 lock - ngbachi
86 low-beam headlights - oku ala
87 manual transmission -nnyefe oruaka
88 mud flap -apịtị fili
89 muffler -mọchie
90 parking brake - ukwusi ogige
91 parking lights - - ogige ihè
92 passenger seat - oche njem
93 pedal -okpapa
94 power brakes - ukwusi ike
95 power steering - ukwusi inya
96 power window switch - mpio mgbanwe ike
97 radiator -ichavi
radio - ngenti
98 rag top - okpuchi mgbanwe
99 rear-view mirror - ogegbe azu
100 rear window defroster - mpio azu oz-ebubeoyivi
101 reverse light -ihè ọzọ
102 rims -onuputa
103 rotary engine -obiugbo okiriki
104 shock absorber - inu ujo amịkọrọvi
105 side airbags- akpaikuku akuku
106 side mirror - ogegbe akuku
107 speaker - nkwuo
108 starter - mbidovi
109 steering column - ogidi enya
110 steering wheel -
enya ikpore
111 sunroof - nkpuchianwu
112 sun visor- anwu anyavi
113 suspension - nkobe
114 tailgate - inyanso
115 charger - njaoku
116 turn signal - nnutuaka ntughari
117 undercarriage - okpuru ugbo
118 warning light -ihè ndoakanti
119 windshield -ngbochieikuku
120 windshield wiper - nhicha mpio ugbo

Working with the Igbo primary colours - Red – Uhie; Orange - Oroma/uhiedo; Yellow – Edo; Green - Ndu Ndu; Blue – Anunu; Purple – Ugo; Pink - Uhie ocha; Brown – Uri; Black – Oji; Grey - Ucha nzu; White - Ocha ; Gold - Olaedo - I derived these colours mostly by blending or joining two or more colours together; for example I derived the word for brunneous (dark brown), by joining two words oji (black) and ‘uri’ (brown).

1. aeneous ncharaodo
2. albicant ọcha
3. albugineous ọchaàkwá
4. amaranthine omiodouhie (a blend of ‘omimi (deep)’, ‘ododo (purple)’ and ‘uhie (red).’
5. argent ọlaọchacha ( a blend of ‘ocha’ and ‘olaocha’)
6. atrous omimioji
7. aubergine ojiododo
8. aurulent ọdi-ọlaedo
9. azuline anunu
10. azure anụnụmfe
11. badious ọdinchara
12. beige mfeochaja (a blend of ‘mfe’, ‘ocha’ and ‘agba aja’)
13. brunneous ojiuri
14. burnet ojiuri
15. caesious anụnụndu
16. cardinal omimiuhie
17. castaneous agba aki
18. castory nchara
19. celadon nchaìhèndu
20. celeste sky blue
21. cerulean omimianunu
22. cesious anununtụ
23. chartreuse uchaedondu
24. chlorochrous uchandu
25. chrysochlorous olaedondu
26. cinerious ojintu
27. cinnabar uhieime
28. citreous - oroma nkịrịsị
29. citrine ojiodondu
30. claret ojiuhie
31. coccineous uhieegbuke
32. columbine nduru
33. coquelicot uhieubi ( a mix of ‘ubi (field)’ and ‘uhie (red)’)
34.corbeau ojindu
35. cramoisy omimiuhie
36. cretaceous nzu
37. croceate oromaedo
38. cyaneous anunuigwe
39. eau-de-nil agbanduìhè
40. eburnean agba ọdụo
41. erythraean uhie
42. ferruginous ajari
43. filemot - ncharanwụrụ
44. flammeous agba ọkụ
45. flavescent odi- edoedo
46. fuliginous oji kpọri
47. fulvous edoedo nwuru
48. fuscous nchara
49. gamboge uhieedo
50. glaucous agba ntundu
51. goldenrod ojiolaedodo
52. greige nzuajaedo
53. gridelin odoanuntu (a blend of ododo (purple), anunu (blue) and ntu (grey))
54. griseous anụnụnzu
55. haematic odi-obara
56. heliotrope ododo
57. hoary ochie nzu
58. hyacinthine anunu maobu ododo
59. ianthine - ododoanunu
60. ibis - agba ìhè
61. icterine edoedo
62. icteritious edoedo
63. incarnadine obara
64. indigo amaloji
65. infuscate ncharakara
66. isabelline edonzu
67. jacinthe oroma
68. jessamy edoedo
69. kermes - uhie ìhè
70. khaki nchara ìhè
71. lateritious uhieụrọ
72. leucochroic ocha maobu ìhè
73. liard nzu
74. lovat ntundu
75. lurid uhieedo; edonchara
76. luteolous edoedo
77. luteous olaedoedo
78. lutescent edoedo
79. madder uhie
80. magenta - uhieodo
81. maroon - uhieja
82. mauve - anunuodoìhè
83. mazarine anunuuba
84. melanic - ojiime
85. melichrous mmanụ aṅụ
86. meline - edoìhè
87. miniaceous uhiemiri
88. vermilion - uhiemiri
89. modena - omiuhie
90. morel - oji
91. nacarat - oromauhieìhè
92. nankeen - edoedo
93. nigricant - oji
94. nigrine - oji
95. niveous - ocha
96 ochre edoedo/edonchara
97 ochroleucous - ochaedo
98 olivaceous roroọnụ
99 pavonated anunu ekwuru-ụlọ (‘blue peacock’)
100 perse ojianunu
101. phoeniceous - uhieìhè
102. piceous - uhieoku
103. plumbeous - ntukara
104. ponceau - uhieubi ('field red')
105. porphyrous ododo
106. primrose edo ìhè
107. puccoon ọbaraọgwụ
108. puce - odoaja
109. puniceous uhie ìhè
110. purpure ododo
111. purpureal ododo
112. pyrrhous uhie
113. rhodopsin ododoanya
114. rubiginous ajari
115. rubious - uhie
116. rufous - uhie/uhienchara
117. russet -uhieaja
118. sable -oji
119. sage -ntundu
120. sanguineous -obaraogi
121. sapphire -anunuezi
122. sarcoline -anuahu
123. sepia -ncharamma
124. sinopia - uhienchara
125. smalt -anunumiri
126. smaragdine ubindu
127. solferino ododouhie
128 sorrel akimfe
129 spadiceous agba aki
130. stammel uhie ìhè
131. stramineous - edohia
132. sulphureous - edoìhè
133. tan - ncharaji
134. taupe - ncharantu
135. tawny - ncharaedo
136. teal -anunundu
137. terracotta - ala ụrọ ('clay earth')
138. testaceous -urouhie
139. tilleul -odonduìhè
140. titian -olaedouhie
141. topaz -edooji
142. turquoise - anunundu
143. ultramarine - anunumiri
144. umber - ncharauhie
145. vermeil - uhie ìhè
146. vermilion - uhie ìhè
147. vinaceous - ọṅụṅụubi
148. vinous/ burgundy - uhiemiri
149. violaceous ododoanunuogi
150. violet ododoanunu
151. virescent -agba ndu
152. virid -agba ndu
153. viridian -anunundu
154. vitellary - edo ìhè
155. wallflower -mgbidi-ifuru
156. watchet -anunu ìhè
157. wheaten -ahiola ( a mixture of ‘ahihia’ and ‘olaedo’)
158 whey - npuga ocha
159. xanthic edoedo

This is to complement the section on onomatopoeia.

300 Onomatopoeia examples
http://www.poetandknowit.com/english-definitions/onomatopoeia-examples.aspx

Birds with Onomatopoeic names.
http://www.writtensound.com/index.php?term=bird

The Igbo Language: a complete methodology of word creation in any area for knowledge

We must look at the Igbo language as a breathing transcendental being rather than just a language of proverbs and Idioms. It is a language involved in a continuity that must yield to new realities to exist.

Every generation must remould language to suit its reality in an ever-evolving world. Language reflects the extent of a people’s civilisation. Seventeenth century Igboland had no universities and books of sciences like medieval Mali and the surrounding nations and so the language saw no need to create a heightened level of vocabulary and new elements of grammar, beyond its level of existence. Today it is different. The Igbo language needs new words to survive, hundreds of thousands of them, that cover every linguistical need of humanity.

We must not expect the Igbo language to record and communicate knowledge with its traditional grammar, effectively, because it cannot, the burden would be too heavy on it. In another thread, I created a comprehensive list of affixes, attune to this reality, that would allow the Igbo language to function systematically (this essay on word-generation compliments it).

The aim of this essay is to provide a comprehensive guideline on word creation in the Igbo language. It aims to inspire – 'igwe bu ike' - the creation of an Igbo language that is rich with a broad and modern vocabulary. Some of the English words here already have Igbo equivalents but I have created new words for them to serve as synonyms (and thus militate against the boredom of a single or few words). Through these methods below, I have created many words of which few (1000+) are on this site in different threads.

Extension of meaning. Between 50-75% of English words are of Latin origin and they all trace back to common, relatable, themes, experiences, situations and archetypes like the sun, moon, length, beauty, sadness, etc, exploited for their ability to describe human situations. All these themes and archetypes are embedded in most of the words we speak in English. Humans from time immemorial have sought ways to name phenomena, plants, trees etc, around them and to do so they reached out to their inward and external experiences. For example the root words, ‘luc, lum, lun, lus, lust’ from which words like ‘translucent’ (nyefeọku/egbukeìhè) come from, means ‘light’.
The suffix ‘—pod’ comes from Greek and means foot [Greek pous, pod-, foot.]. The root words ‘crit-,’ and ‘crisi-‘ come from Greek meaning judge. (Greek, κρίνειν (krinein), κρίσις (krisis).

I have touched briefly on extending words on my affix thread but here I would go into more detail.
I have exploited the stern, authoritative nature of the words, ‘ikpe’ and ‘iwu’ to create many words that reflects them attitudinally like recrimination (mpkesaikpe), elan (ikpeije), instinct (ikpeime), facility (ikpeaku), intellect (ikpe ama), practical (ikpeoru) commonsensical (ikpeaka/agwa), prudent (ikpeuche), acumen (ikpeọsọ), savvy (ikpeomume), canny (ikpemma), shrewd (ikpenkọ), injustice (ikpefe, ikpemehie, ikpeda), repercussion (ikpeutali), district (ogbeiwu), domain (ubiiwu), authority (ikikeiwu), jurisdiction (iwuokiriki).

I have also exploited words like the sun (anwu), moon (ọnwa), afternoon (ehihie), bitter (ilu) etc for their abilities to give meaning to diverse human situations. Their various natures and functions make them powerful for creating new words. Once again, I return to the fountainhead of English vocabulary: Latin. The word ‘brilliant’ for example traces back to Latin, and it means ‘to shine’. Here are examples I have coined using the word ‘anwu’ (sun): percipient (anwunghota), ichaanwu (clarify), clarification (mgbanyeanwu), mmepeanwu (illumination), luminescence (zibaehihie) etc.

Words from different categories can be extended, animals, plants etc. I have extended the meaning of stream (iyi) to mean source or something voluminous i.e. eloquent (ireiyi), vine (iyiọṅụṅụubi).

I have extended the word, ‘nnunu (bird)’ to mean liberty, freedom. Here are examples: entitlement (nnunuahu/kwesi), flexibility (nnunuahu), prerogative (nnunuiwu), latitude (efennunu), impunity (nnunuọjọọ), immunity (nnunuiwu), dispensation (nnunuoge), free-minded (uchennunu).
Inventing anchor words or affixes. Anchor words/affixes are indispensible words that are tied to many words. For example in the list of scientific instruments I invented, the affix ‘ozen-’ (-meter) which stands for instruments, because the native words that would have fulfilled the role were overstretched - and thus I came up with the affix to serve scientific instruments. And instead of borrowing over the words, it is preferable to come up with a made-up word, if the words or affixes are themselves borrowed.

In my list of 97o affixes, I invented under 20 affixes that fulfil important roles, in the various disciplines they serve. One of such affix I came up with is ‘-zina’ to serve the suffix ‘-ium’, which means a container or compartment. I felt the extant Igbo words to be overburdened with roles and uncontextual. Examples of words ending with ‘-ium’ are herbarium (ahihiazina), auditorium (oluzina)

FUNCTIONAL TRANSLATION. This is translating words according to their roles. For example, I was able to exploit the aquatic nature of the word ‘beaver’ to come up with a word for it, ‘okemmiri’, and many others like, ‘mmirime (emotion)’, which literally means ‘great inward depth’ in Igbo; wine (ọṅụṅụubi), which literally translates as ‘field drink’ (‘mmanya’ can serve as alchohol or as a generic term for drinks); nkweego (cheque); mgbochieoyiura (blanket); ball (egwuriokpa). Where length allows, functional translation is the best method for translating words. Unfortunately, word-meanings are not always straightforward. I advocate a 8-12 word-length in translating over words. Which brings me to the next point.

HINTING AT THE MEANING OF WORDS. Sometimes the meanings of words are just too complex to contain them in single words. I avoid sentences or phrases posing as words because they do not transport around well. I want compact words that can adapt to different grammatical settings efficiently. Many of the scientific instruments I translated into Igbo hint at meanings because their overall meanings are too complex to be captured in whole words.

FUSING IGBO DIALECTS WITH IZUGBE. The Igbo language is an exceedingly rich language with plenty of dialects and sub-dialects as well as a huge inheritance of proverbs, riddles, idioms etc. I am all for the complete emptying of the dialects into Izugbe. The Igbo dialects have had their day. They can’t stand the combined onslaught of Izugbe and English; they would ultimately loosen and fade if they do not wed to Izugbe.
Now is the time to integrate them into Izugbe to ensure their survival. They all have rich stores of vocabulary that would enrich the Igbo language. Izugbe can absorb every Igbo dialect. Izugbe would continue having the upper hand over the Igbo dialects because it is actively written and studied at the highest levels of academia. And many new words, have come into Igbo through it. Examples of dialect words are agalaga (anchor), agbantu (gate), arọnka (style), deghedeghe (soft), deyi (cold), chichiriri (tight and woven together), bande (catch), anaghukwa (bicycle), amimva (rafters), aji (belt), akahi (last year), akparawa (young man), akirisya (oyster).

REVIVING OLD WORDS. Where possible certain Igbo words should be revived. In old Igbo names and proverbs, one comes across Igbo words that are no more in use (at least in popular usage); many of them can be revived. Across Igbo communities, there are ‘unique’ words used to describe limited/vanishing phenomena, these can be reassigned to other functions. Here are some old Igbo words of restricted usage that deserve general circulation: ete (climbing rope), gidigidi (great), garagara (clever), gadangada (over clever), agiga (corner).

ONOMATOPOEIA. Creating words according to their sounds. Last Saturday, I went to a park near my house to take in the sights of nature; while there, I heard the sound of a nearby wind, ‘shishishi’ and I was struck at how alive it was and how nature’s language can feed the Igbo vocabulary as it has others. Languages around the world have exploited the sounds of nature, water, birds, animals etc to create new words. As humans, ‘word-sounds’ form a legitimate part of our linguistic heritage. They are not new to the Igbo language (it is afterall a tonal language), but they can be actively exploited to create more words. I appropriated the word down ‘shishishi’ as an Igbo word to signify the movement of wind and more extensively to indicate quiet footsteps.

In the English language they are many Onomatopoeic words i.e. ‘roar’, ‘zip’, ‘croak’ ‘moo’, ‘mew’, ‘chirrup’ etc, and many animals have been named after their sounds. Onomatopoeia sounds in the Igbo language would form a powerful layer that would go beyond their primary habitats; we can exploit streams, vehicular movements etc for the meanings/wisdom they tell us through their sounds. Objects with harsh sounds can get harsh definitions to create mental associations.

TAKING EXAMPLES FROM OTHER LANGUAGES. Languages the world over face the challenges of coining new words. How languages go about coining new words can offer us insight into the process of vocabulary generation. For example in Spanish, one word for appetizer is ‘abreboca’ which literally means ‘open mouth’. The word ‘surpass’ comes from French and breaks down to two words, ‘sur’(over), ‘pass’ and through this simple amalgamation a host of meanings are achieved – everything from excess to conquest. In German for instance the word ‘uber-’(over) has the same ubiquitous role and flexibility. I have adapted the Igbo word ‘elu’ to new meanings i.e eluihu (surface), eluugwu(surmount) etc. By being alert to the ways languages go about creating words, we can get cues about creating new words

EXPLOITING THE NEW AFFIXES. One of the affixes I created was ‘oz-’ to serve as a reversive affix in response to the reversive affixes of English (and other languages) – ‘dis-’, ‘de-’, ‘a-’ - and beyond. When placed infront of Igbo words, it reverses it, i.e. oz-oyi (get rid of cold), oz-uda (get rid of sound), oz-akukoala (ahistorical), oz-mmuta (unlearn), oz-ebubeoyi (defrost). Similarly, the affix, ‘eme-’ (though not entirely new) which is the English equivalents of ‘en-’, ‘em-’ (both signifying an inward movement), allows the inlaying of words i.e. eme+okpu (cap)+wo – emeokpuwo (ennobled); emeugowo (literally means ‘enfeathered’) - enthrone; emendina (embed); emeokwute (solid foundation) . Affixes aid the smooth production of words and meaning.

TAKING ADVANTAGE OF IGBO'S NATURAL AFFIXES. I advocate the mixture of the traditional Igbo grammar and new grammar. Every Igbo affix across all its dialects and Izugbe carries the seed of regeneration. The traditional Igbo affixes like ‘m’ ‘a’ ‘u’ etc, can be exploited to created new words i.e. uzughi (flawed); onyonyoagharia (retelevise) – the ‘-agharia (redo)’ is here used in a new context.

APPROXIMATION. By finding words that tangentially hint at meanings, words can be generated. I have exploited this method to create words like fable (okwuokuko), which literally means ‘words of a chicken’, which is another way of saying ‘unreal’.

COMBINING TWO IGBO WORDS. Two Igbo words can be fused together to accurately capture the essence of a meaning. For example to arrive at the word for purge, I combined, ‘hicha’ and ‘kpocha’, ‘hichapkọcha’. The word ‘purge’ goes beyond mere cleaning (hicha), it involves violence. By fusing together these two words the meaning is preserved in Igbo. It is important that the subtleties and register of a word is
respected.

VISUALIZATION. Taking advantage of mental images can go a long way in creating words. For example I have been able to create 'ugwuibu (heavy mountain)' for the word 'immense'. Words call up mental images in our mind and they can be harnessed to create powerful words.

And finally, a close look at the meanings of Latin- and Greek-derived words (of which the English language is a great inheritor), would reveal that they took inspiration from the world around them – colours, stones, places, books, people etc - in naming plants, animals, creating vocabularies for the sciences etc. By taking advantage of the metaphoric and poetical words qualities around us, many new words can be created (find below 200-plus words).

1. gender- udiokike
2.butter= udeachicha
3.confidence = okweonwe.
4.mobilisation= nchikotaahu/oru
5.picture = usese
6.apple= mkpuruuhie
7.incurvate= ntubeime
8.splatter- gbasapiasa
9.nhuchi= belt
10.skittles= olaegwu
11.bonnet=nchedoikpu
12.brick =aja+wuru= ajawuru
13.ball= egwuriọkpa
14.drop= hapuda
15.commingle= enyikota
16.ally- enyiaka/ru
17.Purge= hichakpọcha
18.Confabulation- ọnukota
19.Explication- ntọwaokwu
20.complied= gbazugo
21.sideshow= ngosiakuku
22.confounded= gbabiisi
23.standstill= nguzootuebe
24.vivify= gba-ndu
25.appraisal= nkiriogegbe
26.cyclorama= anyaokiriki
27.prospect=ogegbembasa
28.panorama= nghasaogegbe
29.perspectives= ogegbeiche
30.multifarious=odiotutu/otutuaka/otutuuzo
31.disorderliness = onodungharaghara
32.unsound= azughi
33.flawed=uzughi
34.tenet= iwuaka
35.suppression = nbiaelu
36.patrimony= iyinna/osinna
37.desire= ọchọanya
38.bequest= iyinye
39.heritage= iyinatara
40.pedigree= iyibiara
41.fount= iyioma
42.provenance= iyisi
43.cognition= maramata
44.supersonic=ọsọkacha
45.carefree=agbasaghị
46.leisurely= ijeejula
47.sedate= ugwuejula
48.protract=ọkpaejula
49.ejupụtakarịkwa =awash
50.working-class people= ndiọrudum
51.rarefied= terakadum
52.abstruse= itiringhota
53.recondite= itiriakọ
54.sparkle= tuọanwu
55.coruscation= nchakeọla
56.command= ọnu/akaiwu
57.protectorate= alanchedoiwu
58.district= ogbeiwu
59. domain= ubiiwu
60.authority= ikpeiwu
61.jurisdiction= iwuokiriki
62.luminescence-zizaehihie
63.inundate= gbadommiri
64.overwhelm= gbojommiri
65.submerge= okpurummiri
66.insubstantial= ibuikuku
67.inconsequential= uruikuku
68. meaningless= okwuikuku
69.glitter=tosisiọla
70.privilege= nnunuiche
71.entitlement= nnunukwesi
72.flexibility= nnunuahu
73.prerogative= nnunuiwu
74.latitude= efennunu
75.impunity= nnunuọjọọ
76.immunity= nnunuiwu
77.dispensation= nnunuome
78.free-minded= uchennunu
79.advocacy= nnochiteikpe
80.impationality= ikpeetiti
81.loyalty= ikpeenyi
82.moderation = ikpeonwe
83.veneration= nsọpuruomimi
84.broad-mindedness= uchegbasara
85.rattle= haraoke
86.jangle= ikoroigwe
87.Ikoro= ikoroile
88.warmth= obiehihie
89.adoration= oromaanya
90.fondness= udaraobi
91.sunny= ihuanwu
92.cheerful= juruudara
93.refinement= ehihieagwa
94.convincing= ehiehieanya
95. valid= oluikpe
96.chance= akalakaeefu
97.plausible= puruiwu
98 persuasive= puruikpe
99.lucid= anwucha
100.rational= ikpeogugu
101.conclusive- mmesiaiwu
102. eloquent = ireiyi
102.coherent,= gbakorita
103.recrimination= mpkesaikpe
104 arrogant= nkoobi
105 affiliation – nkelekota
106 film= nkirianya
107 treat= ikpaikpe
108 dramaturgy= nkaejije
109 paramouncy= ezekacha
110 poise= okwaugo
111 elan= ikpeije
112 achievements= nrupurute
113 artifice= anyaikpe
114 canons= ọbankpa
115 instinct= ikpeime/nkoime
116 potential= nkaime
117 faculty= ikikeime
118 kpuda=kpudaomi
119 facility= ikpeaku
120 flair=ikikeiche
121 precocious= nkọgabiga
122 erudition= agwaakwo
123 genius= nkaiche
124 aptitude= agwanka
125 ingenuity= ikikenka
126 cleverness= ikikeisi,nkọ
127 nous= ikikeomume
128 upper storey= elu-ulo
129 mental capacity= ikikeuche
130 brainpower= ikeụbụrụ
131 intellect = ikpe ama
132 grey matter= umi agba-ntụ
133 native wit= anwu amaala
134 appropriate=nwereikpe
135 observant= nleleọsọ
136 discerning= nchabanyeanwu
137 effective= mmuputaoru
138 heuristic= nchoputaonwe
139 practical= ikpeoru
140 commonsensical= ikpeije/aka/agwa
141 prudent= ikpeuche
142 acumen= ikpeọsọ
143 acuity= nkoelulo
144 savvy= ikpeomume
145 canny=ikpemma
146 shrewd= ikpenkọ
147 discriminating= anwuanya
148 perceptive=nduanya/ nneneanwu
149 nimble= ijenfe
150 lithe= ligiliike
151 acrobatic= ufufeahu
152 agile= mpirisiọsọ
153 spry= okpaọsọ
154 limber= ahu+jete
155 nimble= ọkpandu
156 dexterous= nzaakaabua
157 adroit= nkọ+aka
158 astute= anya+mma(knife)
159 sharp-witted= anyaoso/nko
160 insightful= juruanya
161 percipient= anwu+nghota
162 ihu/obi+anwu=perspicacious
163 jideluanwu= highlight
164 ichananwu= clarify
165 ngbanyeanaw= clarification
166 Nkà na usoro =methodology
167 aka ji aku= chancellor/economic manager
168 guess = tuọ ile/ ọnu
169 competency= nmaraọru
170 proficiency= nmaraaka
171 aharamma= asymetry
172 ezeanwu= splendour
173 Nbilianwu= enlighten
174 ngbakeanwu= enlightening
175 nbiakọọma= convinience
176 decoration - nchimma, nbamma
177 outfitted= sonyereezi
178 ogbeọha= conventional
179 ndu agamebu=wiked life
180 nkwunyeanwu= illumination
181 embossed= rakwasi
182 mmepeanwu= illumination
183 lopsided= akukummehiewo
184 wholesale = ereùkwù
185 household = ụlọniile
186 brocade= uweaku
187 ụlọnkuzi=classroom
188 condemn= kpedacha
189 Okwulu= master chef
190 emperor = ezenile
191 purpose= nchọuzọ /eme
192 repurposed= nchọemeaghariawo
193 quintessence = agwaakwa
194 injustice = ikpefe, ikpemehie, ikpeda
195 invited = obiabatara
196 repercussion= ikpeutali
197 mankind/humanity= mmadudum, umummadu,mmadunile
198 affirm = kwajike
199 island= etitimmiri, alaonwe
200 conquer= gadoagha
201 kpanye= unravel
202 ogbanaragha= refugee
203 impetus = ikpeije/ihu
204 operculum= oberenpkuchi
205 adjacent= ndinaakuku
206 decorum= mmaomume
207 chrysalis= olaedompe
208 cacodemon= ajọmmuọ
209 brontology= mmutaégbèeluigwe
210 auspicious= puruọganihu
211 primeval= uwaizi
212 adornments = ngwamma
213 abundance= elu uba

macof:
Impressive. .. did you invent the word "ozen" or it's an already established igbo word?

I invented it, as I found/find, the existing Igbo words that would have fulfilled the native function for '-meter', overstretched. I decided to create a word that specifically denotes the equivalent of '-meter', hence my invention of the prefix '-ozen.' Where it occurs in this list, it denotes an instrument used in scientific contexts. And I didn't want to borrow over the word 'meter' because it is itself a borrowed word from Greek. It is an invention - 'ozen' - that bears a lot of good, and prevents the long descriptions, that would have characterized the rendering of these instruments into Igbo. Instead of definitions - like, 'ihe e ji e me ka....', that one finds in Igbo dictionaries - the prefix 'ozen-' allows a non-messy, compact, whole and elegant rendering of items that bear the suffix '-meter' into Igbo.

That is the beauty of affixes, they curtail long, tedious usages of words that kill meaning. The English language borrowed these affixes for measurement, looking etc- '-gram', '-scope', '-meter', '-graph' etc - for economical usage of words. Once a person acclimatizes to the prefix '-ozen', the other half of the words - which are rendered in Igbo and where the real definitions are - absorbs in quickly and thus the Igbo language is enriched with hundreds of new native words. I have rendered the other English suffixes in this list - '-scope (nnene)' and '-graph (ndetu, ede') - in their Igbo equivalents.

This is a spin-off of my postings on affixes. I translated these to demonstrate that penetrating the English affixes (amongst other languages) and roots holds the key to generating a healthy quantity of Igbo words in every area of knowledge. As I indicated in the thread, I came up with a few affixes because I felt the Igbo equivalents were overburdened or insufficient. In this case I have come up a prefix for 'meter', 'ozen', because I find the Igbo equivalents overstretched and it wouldn't do any harm if we had a word - 'ozen' - dedicated to a number of scientific instruments. And I didn't want to borrow, 'meter' because the word is already borrowed. The remaining words here are all Igbo words. I arrived at translations by attaching their instruments to their functions for the most part (where length allowed). For instance I arrived at a word for 'ophthalmometer' by attaching the word 'ozen' to 'anya' to get 'ozenanya.'

1 absorptiometer ozennmiabanye
2 accelerometer ozenmeọsọ
3 acetimeter ozenaciti
4 acidimeter ozenmirilu
5 actinograph edenngbakọ
6 actinometer - ozengnbakọ
7 aerometer - ozenikuku
8 aethrioscope ozenoyinaọku
9 alcoholometer ozenmiriogbu
10 alcovinometer ozenmanyaubi
11 algometer - ozenufu
12 alkalimeter ozenalkali
13 altimeter ozenelu
14 ammeter ozenọgbaọku
15 anemograph edeọsọikuku
anemometer ozenọsọikuku
16 areometer ozenogbe
17 arthroscope ozenokukpu
18 atmometer ozenifepuikuku
19 audiometer ozenngenti
20 auriscope ozennnenenti
21 auxanometer ozenotoosisi
22 auxometer ozennnukwuike
23 ballistocardiograpy edeijeahusiteobi
24 barograph ndetunrụgideikuku
25 barometer ozennrụgideikukui
26 baroscope nneneeluigwe
27 bathymeter ozenngweezemmirii
28 bathythermograph ndetuoyinaọkummiri
29 bolometer ozenìhèọku
30 bronchoscope nneneọwaikuku
31 calorimeter ozenọku
32ccardiograph ndetuijeobi
33 cathetometer ozenologoadianya
34 ceilometer ozenologoígwéojii
35 ceraunograph ndetuégbèeluigwe
36 chlorometer ozenkloro
37 chromatograph ndetukrama
38 chromatoptometer ozenmmetuanyaucha
39 chronograph ndetuogeomeme
40 chronometer ozenoge
41 chronoscope ozenogenta
42 clinometer ozenndidaelu
43 coercimeter ozenamanyeike
44 colonoscope nnenecolonu
45 colorimeter ozenucha
46 colposcope nneneoluapkanwa
47 coronagraph ndetucorona
48 coulombmeter ozenijeọku
49 coulometer ozenculo
50 craniometer ozenokpokoroisi
51 cratometer ozenikeibu
52 crescograph ndetuoto
53 cryometer ozenọdaoyinaọku
54 cryoscope nnenekpụkọọoyi
55 cyanometer ozenuchaeliigwe
56 cyclograph ozenakụkụokirikiri
57 cyclometer ozenokiriki
58 cymograph ndetuahiriezi
59 cymometer ozennbiliọku
60 cystoscope ozenakpaahu
61 cytometer ozenigundunta
62 decelerometer ozenọdaọsọ
63 declinometer ozenọda
64 dendrometer ozenosisi
65 densimeter ozenngbakọ
66 densitometer ozennjikọ
67 diagometer ozeniziuzọ
68 diagraph ndetuiziuzọ
69 diaphanometer ozennneneikuku
70 dichroscope nnenedikro
71 diffractometer ozenngbasaìhè
72 dilatometer ozenngbasaputa
73 dioptometer ozenekwasịanya
74 dipleidoscope nnenediplido
75 diplograph ndetuahiriabua
76 dosimeter ozennzipunbili
77 dromometer ozenọku
78 drosometer ozenigirigi
79 durometer ozendichaike
80 dynamograph ndetuikeigweọru
81 dynamometer ozenikeigweọru
82 ebullioscope nnenengbọmmiri
83 effusiometer ozenntunyere
84 eidograph ndetuesese
85 elatrometer ozennrugide
86 electrocardiograph ozenijefeobi i
87 electrodynamometer ozenikikeọkui
88 electroencephalograph ozennkpaliụbụrụ
89 electrograph ndetupuruọku
90 electrometer ozenpuruọku
91 electromyograph nchọọyaakwaraurughuru
92 electroretinograph edeọkuanya
93 electroscope nneneọkuahu
94 ellipsograph ndetuokirita
95 encephalograph ndetunhuụbụrụ
96 endoscope nneneimeime
96 endosmometer ozenjeputa
97 epidiascope ozennupunhunuche
98 episcope ozenadi ìhè
99 ergograph ndetuọruurughuru
100 ergometer ozenọrụmere
101 eriometer ozenuzọnta
102 eudiometer ozenikukuọcha
103 evaporimeter ozenolenfepu
104 extensometer ozengbapu
105 fathometer ozenomimi
106 fiberscope ozenogbedianya
107 floriscope nneneifuru
108 flowmeter ozennruba
109 fluorimeter ozenngbuke
110 fluoroscope nnenendiadiìhè
111 focimeter ozenncheanya
112 galactometer ozenọchasa
113 galvanometer ozenagagharịọku
114 galvanoscope nneneagagharịọku
115 gasometer ozenikuke (I derived gas (ikuke) from a mixture of wind ‘ikuku’ and forces’ike’)
116 gastroscope nneneimeafọ
117 geothermometer ozenokpuruala
118 goniometer ozenakuketitiihu
119 gradiometer ozenurube
120 gravimeter ozenikendọdaiche
121 gyrograph ozenroro
122 haptometer ozenmmetuaka
123 harmonograph ndetuoruro
124 harmonometer ozenguzootu
125 helicograph ndetunruele
126 heliograph edeìhèanwu
127 heliometer ozenikeìhèanwu
128 helioscope nneneikeìhèanwu
129 hemacytometer ozenigunduntaobara
130 hippometer ozenologoinyinya
131 hodoscope nnenehodo
132 hydrometer ozenmmiri
133 hydroscope nnenemmiri
134 hydrotimeter ozenikemmiri
135 hyetograph ndetuozommiri
136 hyetometer ozenozommiri
137 hyetometrograph edeọdammiri
138 hygrograph ndetuefemiri (humid (efemiri) is a mixture of ‘mmiri’ and ‘efe’ (fly))
139 hygrometer ozenefemiri
140 hygroscope nneneefemiri
141 hypsometer ozenhipso
142 iconometer ozeeseanya
143 idiometer ozenodio
144 inclinometer ozogbado
145 interferometer - ozenegbochi
146 iriscope instrument - ozenirisi
147 katathermometer - ozenndaikeikuku
148 katharometer ozengnangbaweikuke
149 keratometer ozenkerato
150 keraunograph ndetukarau
151 kinetoscope nnenemmepuoruro
152 konimeter ozenoleuzu
153 koniscope nneneoleuzu
154 kymograph ndetunrugidemiri
155labidometer ozenwaime
156 lactometer ozenatuikeikuke
157 lactoscope nneneatuikeikuke
158 lanameter ozenodietuoajị anụ
159 laparoscope nnenelaparo
160 laryngoscope nneneogwooro
161 leptometer ozenjikimmanu
162 loxodograph ndetuijeugbommiri
163 lucimeter ozenìhè
164 luxmeter ozennneyeoku
165 magnetograph ndetundọkọta
166 magnetometer ozenndọkọta
167 manometer ozennrugidemiri
168 marigraph ndetummalimiri
169 mecometer ozenologolo
170 megameter ozeneka
171 megascope nneneinupueseanyaibu
172 mekometer nchoputauzo
173 meldometer ozenngbazentu
174 meteorograph ndetueluigwediche
175 methanometer ozenmetani
176 microbarograph ndetungbanwenta
177 microcalorimeter ozenntaọku
178 micrograph ndetunta
179 micrometer ozennta
180 micronometer ozenntaoge
181 microscope nnenenta
182 microseismograph ndetummajijiuwa
183 microseismometer ozenmajijiuwa
184 mileometer ozenmaili
185 milliammeter ozenmilia
186 myograph ozenpiakọtaurughuru
187 myringoscope nneneigedenti
188 nephelometer ozenonodu urupuru
189 nephograph ndetuurupuru
190 nephoscope nneneọsọurupuru
191 nitrometer ozennitro
192 odograph ndetuijedianya
193 odometer ozenijedianya
194 odontograph ngwáewepueruro
195 oenometer- ozenono
196 ohmmeter -ozeniguzogideọku
197 oleometer- ozenmmanuime
198 olfactometer ozenikeisii
199 ombrometer ozenozommiri
200 oncometer - ozenpasaime
201 oncosimeter ozenonco
202 ondograph -ozenngbanwenbilioku
203 oometer ozenakwa
204 opacimeter ozennere
205 opeidoscope ozensiteoku
206 ophthalmometer ozenanya
207 ophthalmoscope nneneineanya
208 opisometer ozenahirioruro
209 opsiometer ozeninwaanya
210 optometer ozeninwaanya
211 orchidometer ozenibuakpaamu
212 oscillograph ndetuichiche
213 oscillometer ozenichiche
214 oscilloscope nneneichiche
215 osmometer - ozenaghagharia
216 otoscope nnenenti
217 pachymeter ozenjitiobere
218 pallograph ndetummajiugbomiri
219 pantochronometer ozenngwaije
220 pantograph ndetueseiche
221 passimeter ozenakwoije
222 pedometer ozenijeukwu
223 peirameter ozeniguzogide
224 pelvimeter ozenọkpuigodo
225 penetrometer ozenonoduike
226 permeameter ozennbanye
227 phacometer ozenfaco
228 phaometer ozenikeoku
229 pharmacometer ozenọgwu
230 pharyngoscope nnenembaraakpiri
231 phonautograph - ndetummajiuda
232 phonendoscope device - mubaudaobere
233 phonometer udaububereuda
234 phorometer ozenimeọriaurughuruanya
235 photometer ozenikeọria
236 photopolarimeter- ozeogidioku
237 phototachometer ozeọsọọoku
238 phototelegraph instrument - ngwanyefeese
239 phthongometer - ozenudaumeụdaike
240 piezometer ozennpikọta
241 pitchometer ozenakuku
242 planigraph ndetueseiche
243 planimeter ozenlarịị
244 platometer ozenogbe
245 plegometer ozenikeọkpọ
246 plemyrameter ozenlariimmiri
247 plethysmograph ozenngbanweakukuahu
248 pluviograph ozenozommirionwe
249 pluviometer ozenọdammiri
250 pneometer ozenilwuume
251 pneumatometer ozenikukunwere
252 pneumograph ndetuikwuime
253 polarimeter ozenọokuogidi
254 polariscope nneneọokuogidi
255 polygraph ozenngbanweume
256 porometer ozenohere
257 poroscope nneneohere
258 potentiometer ozenọkuugbo
260 potometer ozenmiaba
261 prisoptometer ozenlariianyasari
262 proctoscope nneneikensi
263 psophometer ozenngbochiuda
264 psychograph ozenmmuo
265 psychrometer ozenefemiriikuku
266 psychrometer ozenakọrọ
267 pulsimeter ozenotiime
268 pycnometer ozenikeogbe
269 pyknometer ozenebe
270 pyranometer ozenziizaanwu
271 pyrgeometer ozenzizauwa
272 pyrheliometer ozenmmetuoluanwu
273 pyrometer ozenoyinaokuelu
274 pyroscope ozenìhèọku
275 qualimeter ozenjeime
276 quantimeter ozenoleọdi
277 quantometer ozenoleọdi ígwè
278 rachiometer ozenahiriazu
279 radarscope nneneazaelu
280 radiogoniometer ozenozinti (radio is ‘ozi-nti)
281 radiometeorograph - ozenonoduelu
282 radiometer - ozennzipuike
283 radioscope nneneozinti
284 ratemeter ozenọnụ
285 recipiangle ozenakuku
286 reflectometer ozenmmetuìhè
287 refractometer ozenngbanweoku
288 respirometer ozenekuume
289 retinoscope nneneretina
290 rheometer ozenije
291 rhinoscope nneneimi
292 rhythmometer ozenọsọuda
293 riometer ozennbiliuwa
294 rotameter ozentughari
295 saccharimeter ozenutọsa
296 salinometer ozennnu
297 scintillometer ozenchakpapando
298 scintilloscope nnenechakpapando
299 sclerometer ozenonoduike
300 scoliometer ozenonoduoruro
301 scotograph odeejirianya
302 scotoscope Nchopunaọchịchịrị
303 seismograph ndetummajiuwa
304 seismometer ozenmmajiuwa
305 seismoscope nnenemmajiuwa
306 selenoscope ozennneneuwa
307 sensitometer ozenmmetu
308 sepometer onodusepu
309 serimeter ozenákwàfere
310 shuftiscope ozenbata
311 siccimeter ozenfupummiri
312 sideroscope nchopuígwè
313 sigmoidoscope nchopuikensi
314 sillometer ozenọsọugbommiri
315 skiascope ozenonoduanya
316 snooperscope nneneuhienzipuọku
317 solarimeter ozennzipuọkuanwu
318 sonograph ndetuuda
319 spectrofluorimeter- ozenflospek
320 spectrograph nnen ìgwèucha
321 spectroheliograph ígwèiseanwu
322 spectroheliokinematograph -opaniseanwu (‘opan-stands for electronic or technological devices tools)
333 spectrohelioscope nneneokirirkianwu
334 spectrometer ozenologonbili
335 spectrophotometer ozenọsọìgwèucha (‘ìgwèucha’ stands for spectrum)
336 spectroscope - ozenimeìgwèucha
337 speedometer - ozenọsọ
338 spherometer- ozenọnọduoruro
339 sphygmograph =ndetuudaime
340 sphygmomanometer =ozennrugideobara
341 sphygmometer ozenuzoobi
342 sphygmoscope =nneneuzoobi
343 spinthariscope = nnenentoizi
344 spirograph ndetu akpa ume
345 spirometer ozen akpa ume
346 stactometer ozenstaki
347 stadiometer ozenahiri
348 stagmometer ozentokommiri
349 stalagmometer- ozeniroaka
350 statoscope ozenngbanwento
351 stauroscope ozenstoro
352 stenometer instrument for measuring distances = ozendianya
353 stereoscope ozenonoduato
354 stethometer ozenakpatiigwe
355 stethoscope nchoputaudaahu
356 strabismometer- ozenntuoanya
357 strabometer ozenstrabo
358 stroboscope ozenntuooku
359 stylometer ozenigbe
360 sympiesometer - ozennrugideije
361 synchroscope nneneigbaabua
362 tacheometer ozenosoesese
363 tachistoscope nneneosoesese
364 tachograph ndetuosororo
365 tachometer ozenosororo
366 taseometer ozenakairo
367 tasimeter ozenngbanwenrugide
368 taximeter ozenugboego
369 telemeter ozendosa
370 telescope nnenedianyaukwu
371 telespectroscope ozenneteanya
372 telestereoscope= nnepuanya
373 tellurometer instrument using microwaves to measure distance
374 tenderometer adụakwọnri
375 tensimeter ozenesike
376 tensiometer ozen akpata iro
377 thalassometer ozentaidi
378 thermometer ozenkiji
379 thermometrograph - ndetukiji
380 thermoscope ngbanwekiji
381 thoracoscope nneneǹgụ
382 tiltmeter - ozenndoda
383 tocodynamometer- ozentoco
384 tomograph - ozenogbeihe
385 tonometer - ozenolu
386 topophone- topofonu
387 torsiograph- ozenrakasi
388 transmissometer ozennyefeokusitemiri
389 trechometer ozenijengara
390 tremograph ozenijeurughuru
391 tribometer ozenọgumetu
392 trigonometer ozenozoatọ
393 trocheameter ozenukwuugbo
394 tromometer ozendọuwa
395 tropometer ozenroro
396 turbidimeter ozenojimri
397 turgometer ozenjikiji
398 typhlograph ozenndiìsì
399 udometer oguguọdammri
400 ultramicroscope ozentọtọ
401 urethroscope nnneutera
402 urinometer ozenmmamiri
403 vaporimeter ozennrugideifemiri
404 variometer ozennjeda
405 velocimeter ozenngwagwa
406 velometer ozenosoikuku
407 viameter ozenukwuugbo
408 vibrograph ndetummajii
409 vibrometer ozenmmajiji
410 viscometer ozen akwuliko
411 visometer ozenologoanya
412 voltameter - ozenpuruokuadianya
413 voltmeter ozenpuruoku
414 volumenometer ozenọkpụrụkpụ
415 volumeter ozenibummiri
416 wattmeter - ozenikeoku
417 wavemeter - ozennbilimiri
418 weatherometer - ozeniguzogide
419 xanthometer - ozenuchaokeosommiri
420 xylometer - ozennku
421 zymometer - ozenngbasawese
422 zymosimeter = ozenngbasawese

This is the last batch of the 971 affixes.

Second batch of the 971 affixes. I can't upload them all at once because they surpass the allowed upload limit.

I wrote that I would be releasing a list of affixes. Here it is- 971 affixes (find the MsWord document below; I can't post it here because this site doesn't allow the delineation Word allows). The delay was caused by my not wanting to release a rushwork. I took time in translating passages from three international languages across different layers of usages, scientific, literary, political etc into Igbo to test the new affixes I am introducing. This work also doubles as a mini-dictionary because I coined many words (find a sample list below). Of these affixes only 20 - of which ten are science-related - are outright inventions (below). That means that over 900 affixes here are Igbo words as well as 98% of the coinages.

In this work I have provided alternatives in Igbo to English affixes and to a minor extent, roots (although the two are somewhat intertwined). I believe that it is by unravelling the affixes of the English language that the Igbo language can create vocabularies in all sections of knowledge, the sciences, politics etc; and in the process engender a language that is truly laddered, subtle and responds effectively to all registers of language. I am happy to announce that I have accomplished it with these affixes, for there is no English affix of Greek or Latin origin,- where the vast majority of English words come from - that I have not touched directly or indirectly. I have touched a few of them indirectly because their extant meanings in English have strayed from their origins. In your hands now, is a complete programme that is capable of translating any genre of written work into Igbo, as well as creating original works.

Why are the affixes necessary? The Igbo language is a vast and beautiful language, but it dwells in a vastly different age, where it must adapt. Its grammar, whether the Izugbe or dialects cannot accurately communicate the sciences, politics, philosophy etc as it is. It needs some remoulding to enable it function in this new environment. Yes the changes would bring some obvious 'unnaturalness' to its grammar but it is worth it. There is no international language on earth that hasn't reworked its grammar to arrive at the stage it is - Chinese, Japanese, English, French etc. These 971 affixes hold the key to truly positioning the Igbo language as a serious language of knowledge and usage.

Here are are the 20 invented affixes. They are not capricious inventions; they answer to serious needs in their various areas. They were invented because the existing Igbo words for them are overburdened with other functions or they do not quite define them or do so in a circuitous/non-efficient way. For example the word 'igwe' is used to define several metal types, when it properly means 'iron.' Here are the ten scientific ones I invented (1) kazi= -tome, (2) azi=toxic (3) macha=friction (4) reje= virus (5) ozen- meter (6) zym=gid (7) taxi=tesi (9) metal=igomi (10) warm = ron.

The ones for more general usage I invented are: (1) -vo (-s); (2) -vi ('er', 'or'); (3) -omi (-ism); (4) -am (-ing); (5) -ogi (-ic); (6) -disi (various); (7) opan- (for electronic/ technological devices) ( zini for -arium (a place or container): herbarium (ziniahihia); terrarium (ziniala) (9) sidi=ville 10) -oid= ini i.e Indoid would be Indini

I will briefly touch on some of the ones I invented. The suffix '-vi' serves non-committal roles (or nationalities) for humans or non-humans i.e swimmer (mmirivi), pedestrian (okwu), contributor (nyerevi), transitor (nyefevi) narrator (akukovi)
projector (nnupuvi), originator (ebesivi).

'-vo' serves as plural to complement the existing native plurals in tight situations. The ancient Chinese proverb, 'One happiness shatters a thousand sorrows would translate as, 'Otu ọnọduaṅuri na-egbujisịkwa iriujuvo puku.'

'-omi' stands for '-ism' : Leninism (Leninomi), Marxism (Maksiomi).
'-siti' stands for '-ist' when refered to non humans i.e 'the Platonist belief' (nkwekwe Platositi)

'oz-' is a reversive affix - 'un', 'dis', de - and it is there to complement some of the native words (and affixes), I have commandeered like 'nsepu' and 'nseda' for reversals. For example the statement, 'it is unwarranted,' would be, 'Ọ dighi [b]ozọ[/b]ọchọwo.' The 'oz-' serves as a reversal. Now a person can say, 'Ọ dighi mma,'; but this is a simple/colloquial register that doesn't flow or capture the register, 'unwarranted' operates in. This strikes at the heart of what I am doing here as apart from creating new words and introducing new grammatical elements into the Igbo language, I want to further dimensionalize the language.

The are certain Igbo words that I stretched their meanings to produce new words, for instance I have appropriated the word 'akwa' to mean essence i.e akwandu (vital); ditto for the word 'eze' which connotes royalty, I have extended it to mean 'grand' or as an affix for the Greek affix 'magni-' i.e magnanimous – ezenyeaka; grandiloquent = ezeọnunrubeokwu; magnificent - ezeìhè; magnate= ezeaku; Magna Carta- ezeiwu; magniloquent – ezengalaokwu; magnificence = ezeebube; Magnum = ezeibu. I have also extended the word 'nne' to refer to roles refering to females of whatever age i.e dikenne (heroine). This would particular come in handy in dealing with gender-heavy languages.

I have translated a list of more than 400 scientific instruments with affixes I have generated here as well as translated the first few paragraphs of the Plato article on Wikipedia to demonstrate the interplay between the new and old grammars. https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato. I would post the 400+ instruments on a new page.





consanguinity = mmekoritaobara
Consarcination= nkpakoritauwe
1 extravert (ọnọputaezi),
2 introvert (ọnọkpuruime)
3.tangible (purummetuta),
4 contiguous (ndiketerita)
5 contagious (nfekọrita),
6 contingent (okpuruhere)
7 contigent = okpuruohere
8 preposition=tupuọkwa
9 premature =tupuọchaaracha
10 Petrochemicals= mmanugbanweta
11 Archaeoastronomy- nzaefeigwegbo
12 Glitterati - ìgwèchataza
13 audio-visual = udaanya
14 Basioccipital - ntọalaazuisi

15 Cryptobiosis - nzouzondu
16 electrocardiograph- edeseobi
17 Cerebrum – uburubua
18 Cerebrospinal - uburuahiriazu
19 cinematograph - nzankiri
20 helichrysum - rueleodoodo
21 Hispanophile - ọmasihispani
22 Hyperventilates - nkumeoke
23 hypothesis- okpuruntule
24 Hypocrite- ọkaọma
25 Ibero-French = iberifrenchi
26 Iconostasis= eguzooyiri
27 icosidodecahedron= akukuiriabua
28 Inexpensive= adighi ọnu
29 Infertile= adighimuba
30 Inarticulate – adiokpukpu
31  Invariable = apurumeiche
32 Inattention = apuruchedouche
33 Inexpensive= adighi ọnu
34 Infertile= adighimuba
35 Inarticulate – adiokpukpu/ọnu
 36 Invariable = apurumeiche
37 Inattention = apuruchedouche
38 Insensitivity= apughinezili
39 Incapacity= apughiikike
40 Illegitimate= adighiiwu
41 Illiberal= adighifelele
42 Imbalance= adighinhara
43 Immoral= adighieziome
44 Impossible= apughiome
45 Irrational= adighiucheezi
46 Irregular= apughinọrouto
47 Incantation = ngayeabu
48 Incarcerate= gayenanpọrọ
49  Indoctrinate= ngayeokwuugha
50 Infect= gayeọya
51 inundate.= gayemmiri
52  insight= ngayeanya
53 intake = gayenaolu
54 Infrastructure = ndokoopkuuru
55 Infrared= uhieopkuru
56 Infrasound= udaokpuru
57 Infrarenal=okpuruakụrụ
58 Intercept = nwereetiti
59 Internecine ogbugbuetiti
60 Intercontinental= mmekongbakoala
61 Interfaith= mmekookwukwe
62 Interwar= etitiagha
63 Intercom= etitinkata
 64 Interface= mmekoihu
65  Internet- mmekoọru/nkekọta/ngigauwa
66 Interoperate= nrukọru
67 Intermarry= nnukọta
68 Interglacial= etitiebubeoyi
69 International= etitiobodo/ mmekọobodo
70 Interdependent=nnọrọonwe
71 Intermingle=nnọdukọta
72 Interrelation= mmekota/ anurikọta
73 Intramuscular= ngaimeurughuru
74 Intrauterine = ngaimeakpanwa
75 Introspection= ngabaimeuche
76  Introjection= ndọnauche
77 trilithic = eguzookwuteitọ
78 Palaeolithic= ogeokwuteochie
79 Mesolithic= ogeokwuteochie
80 Neolithic= ogeokwuteokuru
81 Multidisciplinary= otutunzaommumu
82 Musculocutaneous= urughuruenuahu
83 Penecontemporaneous=nsoomeme
84 ọfuziakuimeala= phanerocrystalline
85 photochemical = ngbawetaọku
86 photon= ibuọku
87 photonics= nzaibuọku
88 photography=eseọkuove
89 photocall=ọkpọeseọku
90 photojournalism=eseọkuọchuntaozi
91 photomontage= njikọeseọkuọ
92 photoreconnaissance= eseọkuọọbianecha
93 Chlorophyll= agbaakwukwo
94 Xanthophyll = agbaodoodo
95 mesophyll =etiti Akwukwo
 96 microphyll= nkponpkoakw ọ
97 sclerophyll =akwọsirike
98 pisciculture= omenalaazu
99 politico-economic= akunauba-ọchichi
100 politico-religious = okwukwe-ọchichi
101 politico-ethical = ọchichi- ezime
 102 politico-military =ochichi-aghadi
103 politico-legal = ochichi-iwu
104 politico-judicial=ochichi-ikpe
105 Preternatural = ngabigaodinandu
106 preterhuman= ngabigammadu
107  preterition= nnenefe
108 Pro-arsenal = makaarsenal
109 Pro-arsenal = makaarsenal
110 Propel= yaihu
111 Prostrate=ntufularii
112 Proceed=yajebe
113 Prospect= nnenebata
114 Scapulohumeral = agụbaubuọkpuelu
115 semi-professional (ọkachamara- ọkara), 116 semi-conscious (ọmara-ọkara), 117 semi-retired (ọlaghachiri-ọkara) 118 semi-literate (ọguru-ọkara),119 semi-skilled (Nzara-ọkara), 120 semi-derelict (Mmehie-ọkara), 121 semiprecious (ọmasita-ọkara),122 semiconducting (nbuje-ọkara)
123 Sino-Japanese= chini-japanizi
124 Chromosome= agbaozoahu
125 Philosophy = Mmasinzaelulo
126 family-style (mese-ezinulọ)
127 therianthropic =zizaanunammadu
128 theriomorphic =zizaanu
129 Phanerozoic = ọdoanyarab
130 Palaeozoic= gbogborab
131 Mesozoic= etitirab
132 Chiroptera - nkuụsụ
133 Coleoptera = nkuebe
134Diptera=nkuabua
135 Ephemeroptera= nkufezeze
136 Hemiptera= nkuokara
137 Heteroptera= nkudiche
138 Neuroptera=nkuakwara
139 Orthoptera=nkuologolo
140 Isoptera= nkunhata
141 Lepidoptera=nkuakpịrịkpa
142 Palaeontology= mmutamakagbogbo
143 Palaeoanthropology=ọmumumakammadugbo
144 mid-air= okaraikuku
145 Basidiocarp = ntoalaahuosi
146 Protease = nduanusi
147 Dactylomegaly = nnukwumpirisiaka
148 Hendecasyllable= iriotunkejiokwu
149 Heptathlon = asompiasaa
150 Heptahedron=ihuasaa
151 Bacteroides= njepekaziza
152 Antheridium = zizannunu
153 Antheridium = zizannunu
154 Pyxidium= zizaigbe
155 Rootlet (mgbọrọgwụnta), starlet (kpakpando),
156 Oviduct= ụzọakwa
157 Oviparous=mmuputasiteakwa
158 Ovoviviparous=osiimeakwa
159 Ovipositor=zizaakwa
160 Urodynamics = nzaikemmamiri
161 Classics = nzaakoochie
162 pre-arranged (tupundozie), 
163 pre-existing (tupundu), 
164 pre-ignition
165 pre-planned (tupuatumatu)
166 Chiroptera - nkuụsụ
167 Coleoptera = nkuebe
168 Diptera=nkuabua
169 Ephemeroptera= nkufezeze
170 Hemiptera= nkuokara
171 Heteroptera= nkudiche
172 Neuroptera=nkuakwara
173 Orthoptera=nkuologolo
174 Isoptera= nkunhata
175 Lepidoptera=nkuakpịrịkpa

Underclothes (uweokpuru), undercover (okpuchiokpuru), undergrowth (otookpuru), underpass (gafeokpuru), undernourished (okpuruorinni), underpopulated ( okpurummaduwo)
ugbowiri (turbo-) turbine
Carnivorous (orianu), incarnate (ọbiaranahu), reincarnation (ọbiagharianahu), carnal (ogboahu)
Detach (nsepuahiri), (derange (nsepummezi), decrease (nsepummuba), deodorize (nsepuisiọjọ), deflate (nsepuikuku), degenerate (nsepummuba)
Disallow (nsepukwere/ijuọnkwere)), dissuade (Nsepuọchọ), disconnect (nsepummekọ), disproportion (nsepunhara), disrespect (nsepunsọpuru), disarray (ndọwaunsoro)
Medieval (afọetiti) , eternal (afọakwusina)
transfuse (nyefekọta)
Genetics (nzaọbara), eugenics (mgbanweọjọ), genealogy (ahiriọmumu), generate (imuta), genetic (udiisi), antigen (ngbochiimuta), pathogen (ọkpataọria)
Gigabyte (ọdiijeri), gigaflop (nkpuruọsọijeri)


paraprofessional (ọkachamaraakuku) paraphrase (ideaghariokwu)
pathos (àgwànwute), sympathy (mmetutaebere), apathy (mmetuilu), telepathy (echichenefe)
Urge (nuuobi) compel (kwanihu), dispel, expel (ikwaputa), propel (iyanihu), impulse (nyaobi) compulsory (nmeriye/odiniwu), expulsion, repulsive (nnuujeazu)
Sequence (ahirinkpata), consequence (ọputanazu), sequel (ahiriome), subsequent (mmechaome), consecutive (nsorogaba)
Signal (ọkuakara) insignia (akaraime), significant (ezeakara)

Specimen (nkpurunkiri), spectator, speculate (nkiridinihu), inspect (nkiriime), respect (nkirianya), prospect (nkiriọma), retrospective (nkiriazu), introspective (nneneime), conspicuous (pụrụnkiri/nnene)
Stringent (nkekọkpuchi), strict, restrict (iragidenaja), constrict (gbagodeala), restrain (sereike) boa constrictor (agwọ- gbagodeulọvi)
paraprofessional (ọkachamaraakukul) paraphrase (ideaghariokwu
Rejuvenate (okorobịagharia)
Protection (nkpuchikọta)
arcane = mmutazoro
Hypoathroid= nkpokota
beatification= ndonangozi
rebellion = ikpoagha
cachexia= mmefuahu
intercalate= ifanyelarii
decalescence (nsedaọku),
eucalyptus= ntokpuchi
calyx = ikooma
incandescent = nzifeìhè
campaign (ojeubi)
Citation (nkpọrọta), cite (kpọmaka), solicit (ikpọenyenyemaka)
indelible = adinhicha
Eocene =ọwụwa anyanwụ
fumigate = igba anwụrụ ọkụ
adjutant - nzipuaka
deliquesce = horommiri
demeanour= ochionwe
commiseration (nbekorita/nwutekorita/ nkwakorita)
remonstrate (ngosiikpeike) from latin (monstrare
mundane= ogbouwa
panoptic= nkirinile
adjacent= nlaruakuku
decorum= mmaomume
impaction= npiakoime
peccadillo = mmehieo
impeccable = apurummehie
Polemic (aghaire), polemology (ntusisiagha)
prehension= ijichiime
pretermission= nhapugaba
deprivation = nsepuuru
protagonist= agwambu
approximate -okachanso
expurgate= nbechapu
antiarrhythmic,=ngbochinruba
arrhythmia= ajonruba
dysrhythmia= mmehienriba
robust = ikeiroko
rumination= ncheakpịrị
erudite= nguchichiakwo
corrugation=mmechiindoli
Saponification = mmeputancha
saxicavous= ohereputaokwute
scale= ububeibu
consociation=ìgwèkota
circumsolar= gburugburuanwu
batallion= ìgwèagha
surreptitious= okpuruanya
Imminent (nnupuugba)

ChinenyeN:
No, Phut. It's not like that at all. I understand just as much as anyone what it's like to take on a large project and have a vision in your head that you want to share. That's simply what Scholti has done. I'm currently experiencing that with my own linguistic project, and that's why I said that I'm in a similar boat as Scholti. Beyond that, I also believe in giving people room to develop and guide their work as they deem fit. The early stages of a project are critical in the mind of the visionary. They need to control those. No one else can do it for them, and if someone does, it quite literally can spoil the work in their eyes.


mm, i didighi hutu he o bu to. I've even been kind this entire discussion, writing in the Onwu orthography, standardized grammar and not using my own village lect. Anyway, yea. Igbo is complex, beautiful and capable of much, and I believe it can be moved forward as it is. That's not to say that I will discourage anyone else from trying anything different. If that different angle creates a good product, it'll likely get appropriated.

Scholti, there actually is an Ngwa-English wordlist/dictionary. It's rudimentary, but a second edition is being produced currently as a much larger and comprehensive work. There are also some PhD books on Ngwa lect, done by Ngwa linguists, as well as other smaller academic articles on various aspects of morphology and syntax. With the way Igbo people currently treat Igbo, I doubt Izugbe will ever be reconciled with the lects. Instead, what might happen is that people will forget their lects and eventually only know Izugbe. But, because Izugbe is a weakened version of many lects, we will again see those same people who forget their lects and now speak Izugbe turn around to say that "Igbo is insufficient."

I found an Ngwa dictionary on amazon (http://www.amazon.co.uk/Okwu-Ngwa-Dictionary-Victor-Nwosu/dp/1482018675/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1440082199&sr=8-1-fkmr0&keywords=ngwa+dictionary+igbo). I believe that the reconciliation of the dialects and Izugbe, would come initially (with a good dictionary on the side, whether online or bookform) through robustly written platforms like newspapers, until their words and grammars are integrated and popularized in the Igbo language.

ChinenyeN:
Scholti, I see your vision. In fact, the majority of your objective makes sense to me and I agree with it. Now, I don't exactly disagree with the other aspects of your vision. I just find them unnecessary. But at the end of the day, it doesn't matter how I feel, or you feel or anyone feels, because here's what we all know to be true: Whatever people see, learn to use and use actively will be what will perpetuate through time.

I can use my family as a case-in-point. We've taken up to using Ngwa for anything we can at home, and I mean anything. If we come across something that we either can't recall an expression for or there doesn't exist an expression for, then we make the effort of quickly constructing something and then moving on. Some quick constructs fade back to oblivion, and some persist and have expanded our vocabulary considerably. However, not all newly introduced lexical items were well-received.

For example, a new class of grammatical adverbs was introduced in our speech. Unlike most Igbo adverb classes, which qualify verbs, this class qualifies nouns. So, it's a bit atypical. The introduction of this class of adverb also led to a change in grammatical structure for the verb construction. This was not liked by the adults when it was first introduced, but those of us who are younger liked it and used it. It's now an active part of our speech, and it has allowed us more versatility of expression and in a more compact way. In fact, this adverb class has turned out to be so functional that it's hard to imagine the next generation of our family not using it.

Basically, feel free to push forward with your objective. At the very least, I would still be interested in seeing and reading whatever it is you eventually end up with, regardless of whether or not it turns out as successfully as you would hope. Keep us informed, and if you want opinions, there are definitely people here who wouldn't mind giving them to you. I definitely encourage that you post here or create a mailing list/group that willing people can subscribe to.

In Ngwa we have a saying: o buu ohna mgbutighta ovo chekpo (it's not everyone that has the capacity to kill and cure an ovo bird) A lofty vision typically remains in the mind and hands of the person envisioning it, until it picks up off the ground. I'd know. I'm in a similar boat as you, just not paddling in the same direction.

Thanks for your words and advices. The Igbo language is a dynamic language. I look forward to seeing an Ngwa dictionary in print and buying one. I believe that Izugbe must properly reconcile with the Igbo dialects as a vital part of it, in grammar and vocabulary. Plenty creates energy.

nwanlecha:
Please count me in 'cause i am equally as passionate about the Igbo language. Nothing will give me greater joy than to see our language being mentioned in line with other international languages like French, English, Mandarin, etc. Take not cognizance of the naysayers because people are known to resist whatever they are not used to. One person can make a move that can change the world you know? So ride on brother, your work is greatly appreciated.

My pleasure. Thanks.