₦airaland Forum

fork adict:
Maguy, i don tire. [b]I understand perfectly how you feel on these prevailing national issues but i advise you to always avoid lenghty posts. [/b]I know how much time it has taken me to put this response up. Its not an exercise i look forward to anytime soon. It really pays to keep posts short and simple. Lenghty posts at a go wear me down. Nothing wrong in posting multiple times. That way, you subject your post to more scrutiny unless if you want to discourage that by putting up long posts. And if you are sure of your facts and have nothing to hide, there's really no reason not to subject your posts to any amount of scrutiny possible.

+100

Glad you responded! I didn't even bother reading it because I thought he was just spamming.

sammoR:
Who were the arms supplied to? Looks like that part is being avoided!

This question can only be answered if the guy is found guilty and then offered a deal. Why should he disclose who the buyers are at this point? The authorities/intelligence agencies will already have an answer to that question but probably can't be prove it in court until the guy turns on the buyers.

Also, UK authorities don't have jurisdiction over Nigerians in Nigeria unless the Nigerian in question violates some UK law.

VoodooDoll:
^^^^^^^^^

I think in your haste to post you came to a wrong conclusion. Nowhere did I say the UK govt conspired with anyone, I merely observed that his charge is "profit concealment". 

If you do a few quick google searches you may notice that normally implies "tax avoidance".  The sale may well be legitimately to Nigeria's Security Services.

If he had paid his taxes, would he have been under the spotlight?

The UK or any other country is not going to look after Nigeria or the nation states within Nigeria, it is left to us to resolve our issues.

He couldn't have paid his taxes because he would have had to explain the source of the income. Same reason why drug dealers can't pay taxes.

nagoma:
The British government is only worried about the non payment of tax . They are not bothered who buys or what the guns are used for. If the wogs want to kill themselves is not their business - it could of course be business for them.
(Did you notice the figure 1.3? Take note of that bewitched figure).

The guy probably did not violate any British law and even if he did, his guilt will be almost impossible to prove in court except for making money and not paying taxes.

This is by far the easiest way to prosecute people for organized crimes. You trace money in accounts to them or deduce it from their standard of living, and then compare that to their claimed income on their taxes. If the EFCC takes this approach, they will be able to prosecute 99% of politicians because you don't have to prove how they diverted/profited from the money meant for the people.

I will keep Sanusi and Nigeria in my prayers because they're both going to need it! Sanusi is about the only person that I’ve seen with the intellect and integrity to rule a country like Nigeria but unfortunately, Nigerians can’t seem to get past their own biases! 

Being a leader is not a popularity contest as you would need to take some very unpopular steps against some people but at every single step your actions should be guided by equity, justice, and humanity!

Read what Sanusi is saying carefully and you would see that his support for fuel subsidy removal is only meant to checkmate the cabals and he wouldn’t even mind paying the poor directly if it comes to that.

Thinking about this further, there’s no way a person like Sanusi will rule Nigeria because that means Nigeria will get better but we all know that cannot happen because Nigeria is cursed! Nigeria has been cursed to dig her own grave without any outside help!

How do medicines work? Do the drugs just travel through the entire body looking for a particular receptor/nerve to control?

For example, if I have a headache and also broke my foot, I’m guessing that the nerves at the affected body parts (head and foot) will be signaling pain to the brain. Do pain killers just look for the source of signals and stop the nerves from signaling the brain (i.e., the “pain” is still there but your brain does not know about it)?

I believe in technology and I think it will have to major role in resuscitating the comatose private sector, especially manufacturing (once we have power ).

I’m starting this thread for people with questions about how certain things work. There are a few rules we have to follow so as not to mislead people:

[list]
[li] If you don’t know an answer to a question, please do not try to answer the question but if you choose to answer, qualify your answer by stating that you’re unsure. Posting irrelevant crap from an article that came up in your cursory search on Google does not mean that you understand the answer or that the answer is correct, relevant and/or complete. Understand that anyone can call any technology what they want but what is more important is what it does and how. [/li]
[li] If you post an answer to a question, try to post a link to the article you got the answer from, if the answer came from an article. Cite your work![/li]
[li] Check your egos at the door. We all can learn a thing or two from each other![/li]
[/list]

Here are some examples of questions that may be asked:
1. How does mobile money work?
2. How do vehicle tracking devices work?
3. How are fruits preserved and canned?
4. How do mobile phones work?
5. How do engines work?
6. How do computer touchpads work?
7. How do touch screens work? etc

naijacutee:
Thank you, brainette!

One more idea : A foot-powered mortar for pounding yam and cassava. The thigh muscles are the strongest muscles in the body for heavy work, yet they are the least used. A foot pounder can harness the great strength of these muscles and put them into pounding yam and cassava quicker, more efficiently and safely. I have a rough picture of what this could look like in my head, but I can't draw guys - sorry. Basically, it could have a long lever with a wide pestle-like projection on one end. On the other end would be a sort of spring-loaded foot pedal attached or some other mechanism which is able to multiplying the force applied at the foot end. This would save a lot of poor arms, shoulder joints, backs and precious time in the sun wasted in trying to get the perfectly pounded cassava/yam. Also, it is also viable for as long as we have irregular electricity in Nigeria. Even after we get regular electricity (In Jesus name!) this could go on to sell in other African countries in which staple foods are pounded in the same way. 

Nice idea but something similar has probably been invented about 60 years ago before automated machines were affordable. The only way of knowing is to do a novelty search. I tried to do a quick one but I don't currently have access to the database used for searches. The drawing is not an issue at all as there are artists that specialize in rendering what's in your head:-)

Generally, if anybody is interested in inventing anything in a particular field, the easiest way to see what's out there so you can build on it. You can even use the info to come up to speed about a particular technology/field. The inventions patented or submitted for patenting usually have enough information to take you to the next step.

Here's an easy way to search for inventions http://www.google.com/patents The site does not have everything but it should suffice for your needs. You can use submitted inventions to get and learn detailed information about ANY field/technology that you’re interested in.

Not to get into semantics as some already partially explained what a hack or DOS is but it is actually simpler than that.

Hacking just simply means getting some sort of access (partial or full) to a secure site. You don’t have to deface it or change things around. Most of the hacking done for monetary purposes don’t actually change things and their goal is to break in, steal information, and get out without you knowing. If you know your site has been hacked, you will take measures to secure it and/or take steps to minimize the damage that could result.

DoS (denial of service) is just a way of making a website unavailable by overloading it with request for content. You don’t actually break in. You simply use a bunch of computers under your control to bombard a website at the same time. This also means that the people doing the DoS already hacked the computers that they are controlling except the owners don’t know it.

A few things are clear about the present state of Nigeria. Here are a few things that most people agree on:

1. We need a functioning power sector and the best way to move forward is to invite credible private companies.
2. Fuel subsidy should be removed eventually but just not right now as the government has done nothing to mitigate the resulting inflation.
3. We need functioning refineries.
4. Government is incapable of running any enterprise.
5. We need more jobs.

Are Nigerians really prepared for the private sector’s involvement in providing “basic amenities” knowing fully well that private companies are out to make a profit? Are we ready to accept significantly raising the electricity tariff if electricity is provided 24/7?

The government claimed that they gave out 20 licenses but none of the licensees is yet to invest a kobo to build refineries. Why? Could it be that the business model is unfeasible due to fuel being artificially pegged?

Without a doubt, I’m convinced that fuel should be sold at the market rate and electricity tariff should be raised. HOWEVER, the government cannot just raise the tariff or remove the subsidy overnight without making sure that the very people that they are trying to provide for are worse off.

[b]The risk of privatization should be borne directly by the government and the populace should only have to pay their fair share if the benefits accrue to them. [/b]I’m sure people would not mind paying more for electricity if they get it 24/7. Why should people pay for a phantom benefit that will be created with the money “saved” from the subsidy removal? Create the benefit first and then ask people to pay!

Solution
The government needs to finance or back the loans to build the refineries and also pass legislation that will increase or decrease the price of fuel at the pump in lock step with the price of acquiring crude oil once the refineries are pumping fuel into the market. There should be a formula published that can be used to calculate the price of fuel at the pump.

The only problem is that Nigeria is out of rainy day fund and the PTF would have been a perfect slush fund to finance such a project except the money disappeared!

The government is in a bind and they got themselves into it; they need to get themselves out of it but not on the backs of people earning less than $2 a day! Nobody said governing is easy and that’s why they are paid handsomely. Maybe it is time for them to actually use their brain to figure out a way of this mess!

What are your thoughts?

[quote author=~Bluetooth link=topic=837109.msg9887992#msg9887992 date=1325606185]ROFLMAO. . . .where's okadaman to come and supply okada to interested buyers o ![/quote] I just dey ask o but who knows! People need to get from point A to B one way or another, and if they can't afford the normal transportation, they're sure to find another means! A $2k scooter can get you over 100 miles per gallon!

How much do those Okada bikes go for?

Is fuel subsidy removal a bad thing? No.
Is fuel subsidy removal a bad thing in Nigeria today? YES!

In a country with functioning policing, removal of fuel subsidy will guarantee funds for other more important projects but that’s not true in present day Nigeria.

The only thing guaranteed to happen in Nigeria with the removal of fuel subsidy is economic hardship felt by the poor and more money for government officials to steal! The money “saved” by the government will just disappear down a black accounting hole!

At the very least, the removal of fuel subsidy should have been preceded by a ruthless and capable EFCC and a strong judiciary.

By the way, why is fuel not taxed? Taxing fuel guarantees a return of a portion of the subsidized amount and also guarantees that fuel abusers (rich) pay more!

Interesting,

Editor’s note: John Shelby Spong, a former Episcopal bishop of Newark, New Jersey, is author of "Re-Claiming the Bible for a Non-Religious World."

By John Shelby Spong, Special to CNN

The Bible is both a reservoir of spiritual insight and a cultural icon to which lip service is still paid in the Western world. Yet when the Bible is talked about in public by both believers and critics, it becomes clear that misconceptions abound.

To me, three misconceptions stand out and serve to make the Bible hard to comprehend.

First, people assume the Bible accurately reflects history. That is absolutely not so, and every biblical scholar recognizes it.

The facts are that Abraham, the biblically acknowledged founding father of the Jewish people, whose story forms the earliest content of the Bible, died about 900 years before the first story of Abraham was written in the Old Testament.

Actually, that's not in the Bible

Can a defining tribal narrative that is passed on orally for 45 generations ever be regarded as history, at least as history is understood today?

Moses, the religious genius who put his stamp on the religion of the Old Testament more powerfully than any other figure, died about 300 years before the first story of Moses entered the written form we call Holy Scripture.

This means that everything we know about Moses in the Bible had to have passed orally through about 15 generations before achieving written form. Do stories of heroic figures not grow, experience magnifying tendencies and become surrounded by interpretive mythology as the years roll by?

My Take: Bible condemns a lot, so why focus on homosexuality?

Jesus of Nazareth, according to our best research, lived between the years 4 B.C. and A.D. 30. Yet all of the gospels were written between the years 70 to 100 A.D., or 40 to 70 years after his crucifixion, and they were written in Greek, a language that neither Jesus nor any of his disciples spoke or were able to write.

Are the gospels then capable of being effective guides to history? If we line up the gospels in the time sequence in which they were written - that is, with Mark first, followed by Matthew, then by Luke and ending with John - we can see exactly how the story expanded between the years 70 and 100.

For example, miracles do not get attached to the memory of Jesus story until the eighth decade. The miraculous birth of Jesus is a ninth-decade addition; the story of Jesus ascending into heaven is a 10th-decade narrative.

In the first gospel, Mark, the risen Christ appears physically to no one, but by the time we come to the last gospel, John, Thomas is invited to feel the nail prints in Christ’s hands and feet and the spear wound in his side.

Perhaps the most telling witness against the claim of accurate history for the Bible comes when we read the earliest narrative of the crucifixion found in Mark’s gospel and discover that it is not based on eyewitness testimony at all.

My Take: Yes, the Bible really condemns homosexuality

Instead, it’s an interpretive account designed to conform the story of Jesus’ death to the messianic yearnings of the Hebrew Scriptures, including Psalm 22 and Isaiah 53.

The Bible interprets life from its particular perspective; it does not record in a factual way the human journey through history.

The second major misconception comes from the distorting claim that the Bible is in any literal sense “the word of God.” Only someone who has never read the Bible could make such a claim. The Bible portrays God as hating the Egyptians, stopping the sun in the sky to allow more daylight to enable Joshua to kill more Amorites and ordering King Saul to commit genocide against the Amalekites.

Can these acts of immorality ever be called “the word of God”? The book of Psalms promises happiness to the defeated and exiled Jews only when they can dash the heads of Babylonian children against the rocks! Is this “the word of God? What kind of God would that be?

The Bible, when read literally, calls for the execution of children who are willfully disobedient to their parents, for those who worship false gods, for those who commit adultery, for homosexual persons and for any man who has sex with his mother-in-law, just to name a few.

The Bible exhorts slaves to be obedient to their masters and wives to be obedient to their husbands. Over the centuries, texts like these, taken from the Bible and interpreted literally, have been used as powerful and evil weapons to support killing prejudices and to justify the cruelest kind of inhumanity.

The third major misconception is that biblical truth is somehow static and thus unchanging. Instead, the Bible presents us with an evolutionary story, and in those evolving patterns, the permanent value of the Bible is ultimately revealed.

It was a long road for human beings and human values to travel between the tribal deity found in the book of Exodus, who orders the death of the firstborn male in every Egyptian household on the night of the Passover, until we reach an understanding of God who commands us to love our enemies.

The transition moments on this journey can be studied easily. It was the prophet named Hosea, writing in the eighth century B.C., who changed God’s name to love. It was the prophet named Amos who changed God’s name to justice. It was the prophet we call Jonah who taught us that the love of God is not bounded by the limits of our own ability to love.

It was the prophet Micah who understood that beautiful religious rituals and even lavish sacrifices were not the things that worship requires, but rather “to do justice, love mercy and walk humbly with your God.” It was the prophet we call Malachi, writing in the fifth century B.C., who finally saw God as a universal experience, transcending all national and tribal boundaries.

One has only to look at Christian history to see why these misconceptions are dangerous. They have fed religious persecution and religious wars. They have fueled racism, anti-female biases, anti-Semitism and homophobia.They have fought against science and the explosion of knowledge.

The ultimate meaning of the Bible escapes human limits and calls us to a recognition that every life is holy, every life is loved, and every life is called to be all that that life is capable of being. The Bible is, thus, not about religion at all but about becoming deeply and fully human. It issues the invitation to live fully, to love wastefully and to have the courage to be our most complete selves.

That is why I treasure this book and why I struggle to reclaim its essential message for our increasingly non-religious world.

The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of John Shelby Spong.

http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2011/12/29/my-take-the-3-biggest-biblical-misconceptions/?hpt=hp_c1

I don’t think GEJ should resign but I think he needs to change his game plan by refocusing his priorities. Before he came into power, I’m sure his focus was on improving the economy, which is why he hired all the big guns.

Now that he’s in power, insecurity is competing with infrastructural challenges for the spotlight. He needs to learn fast and readjust his strategy to deal with the insecurity; otherwise, his economic plans won’t get off the ground.


Someone suggested that the legislative branch should take control of the country. That is simply impossible. The 3 branches of government are separate and independent. The legislative branch makes laws, the judiciary branch interprets the laws, and the executive branch implements the laws.

Even if the legislative branch were to impeach the president, assuming he committed an impeachable offence and there was enough votes in both chambers, the provisions made by the constitution still has to be followed. The only thing the legislative branch could do will be to grind the country to a halt by not passing any bill, and even then, the president will still be in charge.

Ever heard of Checks and Balances or Separation of Powers? The 3 branches of government are EQUALLY powerful and they counter-balance each other. Moreover, only the president can control the armed forces.

MYAs2011:
2020 AUDI A9 is the best

Hmmm, BMW i8 will be released in 2013 and that should give Audi enough time to improve on the BMW, or not.   I like Audis and would buy one but only if BMWs don't exist!

When a scammer successfully uses a credit card to purchase a product or service, and the original owner of the credit card finds out, the charges will be rescinded. This means that the credit card issuing company (Visa) will get the money back from the scammed company whether they like it or not, and credit back the credit card (chargeback).

If a company is getting a lot of chargeback from a particular place or country, why not blacklist the country to minimize your losses? Same reason why PayPal is not accepted in Nigeria.

Life is a zero sum game and there’s no free lunch anywhere! Somebody ends up paying for every successful fraud. In this case, the maga is Nigeria!

msochi:
what about you think of your future car "THE 2020 AUDI A9"

Looks awfully similar to the BMW i8 :-) Sorry Audi fans!

[quote author=*dhtml link=topic=833105.msg9844317#msg9844317 date=1325005404]Someone said will have a library of functions to call, who wrote those functions? is  it not programmers?

I think i get the point, some people want to be doing low-budget programming - download all scripts and libraries, so if there is no library or you want to do a new application that requires its own unique formulars and stuffs, it is impossible eh?

I have some experience in application programming, before i retired to web apps, and i can say that maths is a must to get to some levels.[/quote]You missed the context of my post. It was in response to a guy arguing about the accuracy of algorithms. My point is that even if you encounter such an equation in a programming problem, you will probably just call a function. However, even then, it will probably be for a subset of your calculations/manipulations.

Also, calling a function is easy but is your answer correct? You have to understand the function and data well enough to pass it in as an input in the right format. Think about having a multi-dimensional data as an input into a function.

Bottom line, you need math; it’s just a question of how much!

IbroSaunks:
u can write different algos to solve a single problem, the question would be which would b more efficient given particular constraints or the context of a problem.

Most programs that require calculations will have access to library functions that you can call.

Beaf:
Everything you can do in math, you can achieve in programming, but programming does much more than math alone can ever attempt to do. Therefore, I'll turn the question on its head by stating that; to be a math guru, one is advised to take up programming.

True because you're most likely not going to solve your mathematics problem by hand. You need Mathematica, Matlab or Maple.

IbroSaunks:
just wanted to add: while both math and programming require critical thinking, programming forces one to b more creative. in math there r formulas u have to follow to get a result, in programming, there r no formulas.

Wrong. It is called algorithm.

Like Kobo said, it depends on what kind of programming and how far you want to go. If you’re doing something more than programming websites (Php MySql), you will probably need to be ok in math.

I just checked the requirements for a Computer Science degree and you need to take Calculus 1 & 2, Linear Algebra, and Probability and Statistics before graduating. However, you don't need to be a guru to pass the courses listed above but you do need to be good in math.

I would also add that being good in mathematics will help with the logical and axiomatic reasoning needed to be a successful programmer.

Lol @ you do not need math to be a programmer! Actually, many companies today are searching for people with math degrees to program. Here’s an article about companies looking for a Data Scientist. A data scientist is “someone who can obtain, scrub, explore, model and interpret data, blending hacking, statistics and machine learning.” This is the future!

http://gigaom.com/2010/12/16/wanted-data-scientists-to-turn-information-into-gold/?utm_medium=content&utm_campaign=syndication&utm_source=cnn&utm_content=spread-the-word-math-is-the-new-sexiness-in-it_455703

edcode:
Too bad. Really. A cup full of, yes, detailed crap.

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edcode:
The posts reads 'What is the relationship between processor and I/O device'.  How does a processor interact with an I/O device and vice versa. Can you explain, for instance, how the processor interacts with say the network card or sound card on a PC? How do the devices get volumes of data to and from memory? Is the processor involved in the transfer of every byte between I/O device and memory? If not, what is the most common technology used? How is it done in the real world? Please no 'detailed crap'.

See post #3 for the answer to OP's question.

The problem you're having is that you're getting caught up in semantics. The only way you will truly understand something is to understand what it is and not simply what it is called. It takes a while to have that eureka moment but when it happens, everything will become much clearer.

A processor controls the timeline of the computer. It always has to run otherwise the computer will die and won’t turn on; just like your heartbeat. Everything that happens in the computer has to occur on the timeline even when you have multiple threads running except with computers with multiple cores/processors that may have multiple timelines (like vector processing).

The kernel in the OS/firmware determines how things occur on the timeline. If you want to add an additional accessory or function to the computer like a sound card or network card, the driver of your device will be programmed to interact with the functions provided in the OS through the kernel. This is true for any computer and a computer is anything that has a processor and memory. Computer includes your mobile phone, ECU in your car (brainbox), controller in your microwave oven, controller in your washing machine etc. The names might be different from environment to environment but the functions are essentially the same.

Any hardware that can be controlled through software, including a processor and/or motherboard, are provided with Application Programming Interface (API) that you use to control the hardware. APIs are driver level function calls that you make from within your software code.

This is how controllable electronic device systems work, from the most complicated billion-dollar system to the simplest computer system.

Your primary school-like gotcha questions are best suited for someone else. I don’t design PCs for a living and as such, I don’t need to have immediate command of how a specific ALU, BIOS, read/fetch/write instruction works. The information is mostly irrelevant 99% of the time because it is only a specific implementation of a device except if you’re designing or testing a PC device. If I need the information, I know exactly where to find it and what to search for.

Technology advances at a very rapid rate but the building blocks are almost always the same. Understand the building blocks and you can understand any new thing regardless of the name it is called. Happy Holidays!

nero90:
The relationship depends on a few factors, firstly i wont answer directly but rather throw in a few pointers so you would verify them.

The processor is the central processing unit connected to RAM via system bus - agree?

Yes.

nero90:
Ultimately these days the features a mothernoard solly depends on the chipset with north and south bridges which connects the system bus that inturn transmits bits/bytes which are mostly and sometimes if an analogue signal is required from peripheral devices such as sensors, it needs to be converted first to digital before relayed to the bus, these type of conversions comes in through I/O devices like the one i just mentioned -- agree?

I guess. Today's computers are usually all “digital” within and if an input is analog or an analog output is needed, digital-to-analog converters are simply placed at the interface of the computer to the outside world.

I/O devices are just devices that can input or output data from a computer. For example, printers, monitors, keyboards etc are all I/O devices. For all the devices, there will be some sort of hardware at the interface that understands the protocol (language) between the computer and the device.

Apart from physical and electrical differences, connectors like USB, parallel ports, firewire, essentially speak the same language as whatever connects to the connector. For example, if the computer speaks Yoruba and the I/O device, a camera, speaks Igbo, the connector will translate from Yoruba to Igbo and vice-versa.

My point is that a computer only understands 1 language and every I/O device that wants to connect to it has to speak that language or have an interface that translates to that language. The conversion can occur in the device itself or at the interface.

I've been using Macs for a while and will continue to use them but I also have a few Windows PCs that I use.

Today, a Mac is not necessarily better than a Windows computer especially if you’re comparing apples to apples. Windows 7 is probably just as stable as Mac OS 10x. The real reason Macs don’t get virus is because viruses are not written for them due to having a smaller user base.

Do I prefer a Mac, today? Yes because I don’t have to worry about viruses, which means that I also don’t have to run resource-hogging virus protection program.

However, I do have a few gripes with Macs:
1. Office on a MAC feels inferior and works somewhat differently than Office in a Windows environment. Probably intentional since Microsoft wrote both.
2. Macs are just too expensive for what you get. My power adapter stopped working twice in one year. The crappy power adapter was $79. Magic mouse = $69.
3. Not all software has a MAC equivalent. Quickbook is not Mac compatible. Using Boot is ok but that requires you to buy a Window OS license (XP no longer works with the latest Boot version) and also run virus protection.

Apple will continue to get my money because they innovate. I’m debating buying the 27-inch iMac for myself!

The question that should be asked is, "how are they going to dispose the tires"?

There's no way that they would be burning such a large number of tires and without serious health effects on the people of the state. My guess is that they need the money to break down the tires into chunks that can be used for play fields and tracks. You can essentially use the chunks anywhere that you would use sawdust.

Here's some info on buffers and as you would see, it is made up of---- (finish the sentence for me :-) ).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_buffer

@edcode

I'll make it easier to get your knowledge up. Here goes some quick intro into how memory is designed and as you will see, it is made of transistors just like I said!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_random-access_memory

edcode:
"RAMs, DMAs are names given to memory that can be accessed a certain way" DMA is a name given to memory?
"Where does your square wave come from?" Implying here that they are always generated from sinusoidal waves?
Dear original poster please do yourself a favour and read a good book on computer basics for processor and I/O. You would be much better off. The rate at which this guy spews detailed crap (as he said in his post) is amazing. I pray he's not a lecturer somewhere.

I have absolutely nothing to prove to you or the OP, especially on an anonymous forum. Some people read about stuff and some people actually practice the stuff written about. I have no problem in saying “I don’t know” or “I’m wrong”! It is impossible to know everything.

The problem with half-educated people is that they think that they know it all! Textbooks can only teach you so much, which is why an electrical engineering graduate knows absolutely NOTHING except fundamentals. The real learning comes from hands-on experience where you get to string the theories you learnt in class together.

And you're right; I'm not a lecturer because most people that lecture at a young age are people that cannot cut it in the real world. The only lecturers you should trust are those that have real world experience to back up the theories they teach. As your knowledge increases later in life, you will begin to realize that some of your lecturers in school only had superficial knowledge of what they teach.

The link below will confirm that the clock of a CPU comes from a crystal oscillator like I said. That the frequency is a fixed sinusoidal waveform like I said. That it is translated into square wave by electronic circuitry (capacitor) just like I said.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_rate

I have nothing more to add to this topic or say to you. I also meant what I said about the memory. Google is your friend.

I hope that the OP and anybody else reading will do themselves a favor by reading up because it is dangerous seeking advice from “experts” that only read or heard an introductory paragraph to a subject that some people spend their entire career on.

pro01:
With(out) due respect, Okonjo-Iweala is either ignorant or extremely dishonest and/or deluded. [b]What does she mean by "only the upper and middle classes enjoy subsidy" - because they own "SUVs, Jeeps". That is m.o.ro.n.i.c for want of a better word. If she hasn't lost touch with reality because of her privileged position, she would know that transport costs (including buses, 'Okadas', taxis, 'Keke Napeps' etc) would all rise astronomically if fuel subsidies are removed. [/b]This would not only affect the poor directly, but would also affect them indirectly by way of higher prices for foodstuffs and sundry items and services that are dependent on transport/fuel costs. Besides, removal of subsidies on kerosense would result in higher food/cooking prices for the common man (afterall, do the upper and middle classes use kerosene for domestic cooking?). The implication of this ill-conceived policy would be too tragic for most ordinary Nigerians. Unfortunately, most of us are too selfish and self-centred to empathize with the travails and daily struggles of the masses. That explains why we are are so indifferent to the looming catastrophe that subsidy removal represents.

You do have a point that inflation would creep up and poor people will get stung but I’m afraid she’s also right! The person that consumes the most will also benefit the most from fuel subsidy. For example:

Mr X, Mr Y, and Mr Z decide to go on a 1000 mile trip. Mr X drives a Honda Civic that gets 35 miles to a gallon. Mr Y drives an H2 Hummer that gets 15 miles to a gallon. Mr Z decides to fly on a plane that uses 0.171 gallons per mile.

For the trip,
1. Mr X would use 28.57 gallons of fuel.
2. Mr Y would use 66.67 gallons of fuel.
3. Mr Z would use 5848 gallons of fuel (assuming he’s the only person on the plane like the current crop of Nigerian billionaires).

If the landing cost of fuel is NGN130 and the govt subsidizes 50% of every gallon of fuel sold, then

Mr Z would have consumed NGN 380,120.00 of subsidy Naira for the trip
Mr Y would have consumed NGN 4,333.55 of subsidy Naira for the trip
Mr Z would have consumed NGN 1,857.05 of subsidy Naira for the trip

The same calculation would hold true for the people that buys the biggest generator, eat mostly imported food, owns the biggest house etc.

When the price of fuel almost approached $5 per gallon, the price of SUVs dropped dramatically because people where getting rid of them for cheaper and more efficient cars.

Here’s a clip of P Diddy during the last fuel crises explaining why he was “forced” to fly on a commercial airline instead of taking his personal jet that would have cost him $250k for fuel.

[flash=400,250]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRZTCZPNNWU[/flash]