₦airaland Forum

The link below should clarify the definition of capital expenditure and operational expenditure.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_expenditure

aribisala0:
buy cooking utensils for aso rock = capital expenditure

NO. Cooking utensils are not capital or infrastructural expenditure. Capital assets are used to generate income. Roads, power stations, internet access, hospitals, railway lines etc are capital expenditures. Take a quick look at Fashola, and you will see that he focuses almost exclusively on capital projects.

aribisala0:
as i already pointed out security derives from peace, employment and other such variables not just the police and as such is NOT just the responsibility of
the FG.Insecurity increases with hunger,unemployment and hopelessness
Again with regard to health the key issues in Nigeria health have little to do with Capital investment more with malnutrition,sanitation and water.
this is also true for education there is a need to attract quality teachers . It is not just classrooms but quality which was quite high when the British ran things and this is about attracting quality teachers. One well paid quality teacher will do a better job than 5 of those currently in place and this all relates to recurrent.
Anyway as the aphorism goes "he who asserts must prove"
I have not said there should be no capital investment . I pointed out that we are a poor country with limuted resources . The poster would like us to believe a greater proportion of the budget is better deployed on Capital rather than recurrent in this particular state and i say

"where is the evidence for that??

He would have us believe that Ajimobi's budget is better than Akala's last one. I do not know so show some convincing evidence not just DOGMATIC PERSONAL CONVICTION.
Please note the bolded and tell me whether that statement has any greater merit than the claim
that "Amala is better than Tuwo"
because you believe a thing does not make it true. WHERE IS THE EVIDENCE?
Everyone has his own deities

Well, if it is as simple as Amala vs. Tuwo, then Tuwo wins as long as it includes gbegiri and ewedu Who eats bitter Amala that is liable to have koko in it?

I usually try to stay away from political discussions as people become emotional and irrational. Generally speaking, the state of development of the State can be objectively determined by looking at what public and private services are available to the people of the state.

Today, it is extremely clear that the government is the main employer in the country and there’s no way that is sustainable. Governments do not make money. Governments collect taxes and spend money.

The goal of any functioning government is to increase its tax base and that can only be done by doing everything possible to grow or facilitate growth in the private sector. There is almost no way of increasing the tax base if the only employer is the government.

The only reason we are even discussing this is because Nigeria is akin to a trust fund baby that only has to wake up in the morning to find money in her account. For the rest of us, we had to develop a skill to eat; otherwise, we would starve! Nigeria, with the exception of a few states, does not have any skill, thus, makes no money. All we do is collect owo omo onile from a piece of land that belongs to someone else.

edcode:
Wallie Wallie Wallie. You need to get your facts straight. DMA a buffer? Na wa O!

Amazing isn't it? Things become much clearer when you get past the names and really understand what they really are.

RAMs, DMAs are names given to memory that can be accessed a certain way. The function of the particular memory will dictate the design and how it behaves. Buffer is also just another storage space (memory).

Underlying almost any type of electronic memory is just a bunch of transistors.

edcode:
Wallie. Sinusoidal wave? Na wa O! Maybe in analogue computers. Digital computers (your PC for instance) use square waves which are non-sinusoidal. Get your facts.

lol, thread lightly when arguing things you only partially understand. Where does your square wave come from? How is it created and from what? Even after a signal is "squared", it still has a rise time and fall time that are probably measured in milliseconds but there are precise hardware out there that are measured in nanoseconds.

If you want to square a sinusoidal signal, an easy way is to use the charging and discharging of capacitors as your output. I don't design hardware but I do know enough about them to explain how they work. A digital signal, on the other hand, is my forte.

aribisala0:
i really do not accept the dichotomous reasoning that somehow spending more on capital expenditure is always or even generally better than more on recurrent expenditure. This assumption is implicit in the conclusion of the poster that this swing in weighting from last year is a good thing  or desirable one.

Many states have a budget of less than 2 billion USD and it is hard to see how many meaningful capital projects they can undertake with that. We need to encourage greater private participation in infrastructure projects. Number one priority is security and this can only be assured with appropriate funding (often recurrent} on education,training, social security and such like.

What is important is to examine where recurrent expenditure goes if it goes on paying teachers and other education related activity i am all for that, Yes in a developing economy there are infrastructure requirements that must be met but the reality is government budget in its entirety cannot meet these and so we need not shackle our minds with specious arguments.

Security
education
and Training
Health
social security

generally entail recurrent expenditure and if they deliver what is expected then this is money well spent.

In Nigeria as we know it, even 100 % expenditure on capital projects is likely to be wasted
Let us free our minds from dogmatic confines and focus on whether the government discharges its responsibility to its citizens.
We start accepting as gospel myths that are repeated too often. This capital /recurrent argument is one of those myths. Impact rather than proportions is what matters.
where is the evidence that a greater proportion one way or the other is what is required in oyo state. What is clear is we do not have enough funds for either but what is the basis for this proportionality claim

Your arguments do have some merits and I believe what's needed is a balanced approach; however, the approach should be highly in favor of infrastructure.

Pretty much everything you listed can’t be accomplished because the infrastructure needed is lacking.

Security – Doesn’t the Fed fund this? Either way, they need automobiles, radios, accessories, better weapons etc.
Education – have you seen the classrooms? How about the laboratories and computer labs?
Health – name a single public hospital that is well equipped to deal with modern day medicine.

Even as a person, if all your salary is being spent to service your current debt, how are you going to invest in the future or even take a much needed vacation?

On the other hand, you cannot just simply ignore all your current debts or needs just because you want to invest in the future. There are some things that you cannot just do without; however, the goal is always to reduce you reoccurring expenditure to a bare minimum that does not hurt you in the long run.

An educated man is someone that learnt something new and can now apply that knowledge to a completely novel situation by mental reasoning. You essentially become skilled.

If you went through school and graduated at the top of your class but cannot think on your own even when given all the necessary information, you are not educated. Being educated means that you can rationalize and critique information to arrive at a conclusion.

Based on postings on this site, most lack the mental capacity to reason critically and only spew what some biased individual feed them. All they can do is copy and paste!

Can someone make the debate available on YouTube for those of us just waking up?

lastcenter:
The system always runs and the processor always executes. That means that at any given time the system itself can be idle.

Overall system latency. Access time. If you pull out a device it will stop operation until the processor can process it. Networking cannot service you to believe your system will prompt on time only.

I feel like I’m turning into the internet police. I’m only responding because I think that people get confused with different words being thrown around to explain concepts not related to the word.

What do you mean by “system always runs”? What system? The processor can be thought of as the heart of a computer. It follows a certain heartbeat rhythm, the clock (crystal oscillator) in the computer. The oscillator vibrates at a certain base frequency and that frequency is scaled up or down to achieve the computer speed. The clock typically resides in a synchronizer or something that performs that function. That is what always runs. The processor is based off that clock and could be either processing information or idle.

Idle just means that it is doing nothing within a time period. A system is a generic name for a collection of different processes. Every single process in a computer runs off a variation of the base clock.

Essentially, every electronic device runs on a sinusoidal wave and the speed is determined by the frequency of the wave, which is related to period and cycle.

OK, I'll be quiet as people are probably not interested in all the detailed crap!

lastcenter:
Overall system latency. Access time. If you pull it out it will stop operations until it can access it.

You have traditional front side buses and then third generation buses or rather interconnect architechtures like hypertransport and infiniband to have enough space to not only map the the devices around it but to handle traffic in it. if a bus saturates it is because the transaction was delayed due to the amount of relays in it. They are read & write transactions. The bus in it will have to maintain the amount of traffic in it. Data needs to be fetched from memory. It needs to be stored on time to be executed or the processor pipeline will stall/hang until data is fetched to the processor itself. Even this can be configured to operate differently. It means it can always execute whatever enters into its units without having to wait : multiprocessing. Until data is stored properly the bus keeps on relaying to come on time that is all. Its all about system design to get data moved on time. You could buy some really expensive things to help move data on time.

True but if the OP’s question relates to computers or any modern processor then the hang up is taken care of. This is where the DMA and priority interrupts comes in. If your device has a lower priority interrupt than another interrupt, the processor will ignore the lower priority interrupt until it has time or the I/O device’s interrupt becomes the highest one. I know for a fact that I/O devices are not that critical to have a high priority interrupt.

I think the issues you’re alluding to becomes an issue when you have a high priority interrupt that hangs and even then, it will timeout.

There’s a very strict timeline that has to be adhered to by every single process that gets on the system’s timeline.

Buses are just like highways and data can only travel so fast (bus speed). I guess the question then becomes, what happens when data is pulled off DMA and travels down a bus but the I/O hangs up? Does the data get dropped? Probably not because the ack signal won’t be sent by the I/O device which should signify to the DMA that the data is lost in transit but I don’t know this for a fact.

ochukoccna:
A quick Google search shows bulletproof vehicles range between $90k-$350k depending on the customization. Even CNN who sends correspondents to war zones came in cheapest at $90k.
How come GEJ's ride comes in at nearly $1 million?
Somebody wake me,I'm dreaming.

Try a more detailed Google search.

The Mercedes Benz S600 Pullman Guard weighs 5300kg (11,685 lbs) with a top speed of 100 mph (160 km/h) and has a base price of $1.4 million. The car can withstand 5 grenade sandwich maneuver, 3 grenades under the car and 2 on the rooftop, with all 5 going off simultaneously!

That’s a hell of a car and they deserve every bit of it, if they do buy one! Do you know the instability that killing a president in a country like Nigeria can cause? Have we forgotten what happened after Yar'dua’s death?

edcode:
The processor controls the transfer of data between I/O device and memory. The processor can be involved in the actual read/write of data to/from memory but not in all cases. Some I/O devices bypass the central processor altogether in the transfer of data. For instance Direct Memory Access in PCs. The processor only sets up the DMA transfer. Also the processor speed is not a factor here.

DMA is not an I/O device. Isn't DMA just a buffer? I/O devices connect the processor to the outside world. Also, I'm not really sure I/O devices can bypass the processor except if it has its own processor and using its own resources; otherwise, there would be contention issues on the time line.

I stand to be corrected as I never paid attention in my computer architecture class that I took eons ago.

In my case, I'm more concerned with processes that takes place in frequency domain vs space/spatial/time domain. To process any real signal in frequency domain means that you must have converted it using Fourier Transform, which takes up more processing overhead when compared to a computation in time domain.

Digital signal processing (DSP).

When you take pictures with a digital camera, the focal length of the lens assembly in the camera determines the depth of your picture. You can think of it as a shortsighted/longsighted person’s inability to see things clearly. Focal length is a physical attribute and is determined by the distance between the lens and the focal point.

In today’s world, we expect very little cameras to take a very clear picture but the little cameras, like a cell phone, lack the thickness (depth) needed for the lens assembly. A way of achieving picture qualities of a much larger dedicated camera is to take a picture twice at 2 different focal lengths, then add them together. To add the pictures together, you have to make sure that the objects/images within the picture fully align; otherwise the result will be blurry.

The invention I’m working on has to do with an efficient way of making sure the objects/images align without using a lot of processing power.

PS: Everything I just said is already in the public domain and is no longer secret. An invention gets published into the public domain 18 months after filing for an invention unless you elect to make it secret.

Had to look up "space domain" to see if it is the same as "spatial domain."

sartorius:
reason why subsidy claims more than doubled was during the yaradua days when the cabal was in charge.
in 2006, only MRS, TOTAL and OANDO were officially listed as beneficiaries of the fuel subsidy recognised by the Federal Government.  The three companies were said to have been listed as “major marketers.”
In the following year, 2007, AP and MOBIL joined the three companies and became listed under the category of majors.  The same year NIPCO was introduced and listed under the category of petrol depot owners.

AITEO Energy Resources and TRIQUEST Energy were also added in 2007, bringing the total to eight beneficiaries of the fuel subsidy.

Our reporters gathered that the list of subsidy beneficiaries increased sharply in 2008, rising to of 23, including six majors.  Also in 2008, CONOIL and NIPCO were joined by Capital Oil and Folawiyo Energy, under the category of depot owners.

The list of independents also increased from two in 2007 to 14 in 2008 as AITEO and TRIQUEST were said to have been joined by TONIQUE Oil services, IMAD Oil & Gas, Integrated Oil and Gas, Rahamaniyya, AMG Petro Energy, Brittania, ACORN, A-Z Petroleum, SHIELD Petroleum and MAJOPE Investment Limited.

And in 2010, while the beneficiaries of the subsidy payment under the category of major marketers remained steady at six and the depot owners remained two, the list of independent marketers jumped up to 28, with the curious inclusion of many relatively unknown and unheard-of companies.
From  data obtained from the Petroleum Products Pricing Regulatory Agency’s website, retail price for petrol is N65 while the expected price is placed at N139.69. This amounts to a subsidy of N74.69 per litre.
The expected price of N139.69 was arrived at by adding a margin of N15.49 to the landing cost of the product, which is N124.20 per litre, according to data on the PPPRA website.
Nigeria consumes about 32 million litres of petrol on a daily basis and at N74.69 per litre of subsidy, the marketers share over N2.4bn daily.
each marketer both major and independent submits its own bill, whereas if they were say 5. the total cost would definetly not top 700 billion

I'm not sure I follow your logic. Increasing the number of importers will only raise the subsidy amount if, as a group, they're importing more fuel. If the consumption stays the same, it does not matter if you have 5 importers or 23 except if the number of importers increase the landing cost due to economy of scale. Then in that case, the government should just have them bid for the landing cost price of fuel. If 5 importers were selling at 115, the government can simply keep the landing cost the same for the 23 importers.

jp philips:
I will like to commend GEJ for backing down on the subsidy removal on the other hand i hope the consultation does not include bribing or cajoling the NLC and civil society groups to accept that demonic policy.

I think i understand Al harem and jason's confusion your confusion was orchestrated by Ruben Abiati and GEJ by proxy.

How many of you have researched on this subsidy issue before taking a stand?

There are more misnomers than facts surrounding this subsidy brouhaha.
First, the Govt said the economy will collapse,  ridiculous indeed
Secondly, the Govt said oil importers are a 'cabal', nearly fell off my seat.

Fellow Nigerians, there are no cabals, in 2009 the scarcity of petroleum products became intense and the Govt admitted that Nnpc through its subsidiary PPMC has failed Nigerians by their inability to meet up with the supply of pet. Products and that phenomenum gave rise to licensing of some people to 'assist' the Nnpc in doing their job for which they are paid for.

Please don't forget that hitherto, Nnpc has been doing the importation and refining themselves before corruption eroded their common sense.

These importers went abroad and came back with a price Nnpc is already aware of comprising of logistics,storage and administrative costs, these were quantified before they arrived at a price.
The FG now fixed a price tag of 65naira on Pms and agreed to be reimbursing the importers the balance knowing fully well that the landing cost is higher than the stipulated price
To my greatest chagrin, the odechukwu administration woke up and termed them 'cabals' who are fleecing the nation.

Assuming Ruben Abiati goes abroad to buy a TM underwear for 1k and decides to sell it 1.5k adding purchase price  plus logistics plus profit and the Govt tells him to sell at 900 naira, wont he ask for the 600naira balance?  when the incompetent NNPC agrees to reimburse him, then he has become a cabal stealing from the GOvt?
Are we this docile? If Nnpc lived upto their responsibility, we wont have need for the importers in the first place.

There is no doubt that the subsidy regime is met with corrupt practices, is it not the responsibility of the govt to clamp down on those malfeaseance?
The only solution that came to the minds of this disgruntled PDP administration is to remove subsidy into-to not minding its inflationary consequences.

This is the most silly approach any human being with brain if they have one can summon.

Thirdly,

Odechukwu insulted the intelligence of Nigerians telling us  that we don't benefit from this subsidy except for the importers and he had the unbridled temerity to be advertising it on NTA saying the rich are getting richer.
This people are demons.

When Ruben abiati's mother goes to the market to buy vegetable at a price, does he not know that the seller included cost of transportation to that price?
So when the transporter buys PMS @ 65naira and fixes his price based on that, he says his mother did not benefit from the subsidy that guaranteed the price in the first place?

It is either Ruben Abiati and his employers are drunks or they think that Nigerians are m0rons.

I feel sorry for people that think that competition will crash the deregulated price erroneously juxtaposing it with GSM.

Do you know that the price of crude being the raw material for refined pet. Products is sold at the same price in the whole world?

If you agree to this, then, even if you deregulate and license 5million importers the product will still be expensive because crude itself is expensive. You will still need to subsidize it to 65naira. Exactly why deregulation of diesel in part did not work.

The only reason you have not bought diesel @ 200naira is because there are so many illegal refineries who bunker crude, settle JTF and refine diesel at a lower price.
This people still pose a great threat to the importers who buy at a higher price that is why you get diesel @ 140naira elsewhere but in the delta i buy as low as 70naira.

At this verge you will not over rule the fact that these unscrupulous elements contribute to the availability of diesel, if you are in doubt, anywhere you see cheap diesel, ask the dealer the source of his consignment
If he is honest he will tell you the truth, when i was told, i took an hr 20mins boat ride to a remote village in the delta between Belema and Kola communities and i saw the local refinery myself. I will post the pictures later.

Conduct a chemical test on those cheap diesel if you are not convinced and you will realize a lot of additives are missing.
Sounds incredible but that is the reality on ground.
You now know why many importers in the delta hardly have diesel.

I still feel sorry for those who think the Govt should build more refineries, that will not solve the problem because there is no cheap crude to supply these refineries.

The oil production of Nigeria stands at 2.37 million barrels of crude daily. nigeria get this crude in a JV (joint venture) with IOC's (international oil companies) and the Nigeria's cut stand btw 55% to 60% of the lot, if we go by 60% then

That gives a total of 1.4m barells daily.

If we average the crude price from 2009 till date, the price falls close to 100usd/bbl.
In that case, Nigeria makes 140,000,000usd daily from this JV.

Nigeria has a policy called DSO (domestic supply obligation) which mandates 250,000bbl/d of this crude to be refined and consumed locally,
In monetary terms, the Nigerian govt is giving us 25,000,000usd worth of crude to refine.

Our three refineries at optimum capacity utilizes 450,000bbl/d which gives 45,000,000usd in monetary terms in other words, the price of raw material in this case, crude, accrued to our refineries comes at 45m usd per day, if you add refining cost and profit of 6usd per bbl,

The total cost becomes 270,000,000usd per day.
There is no way you can refine that crude at that price and sell it 65naira/l and make profit.

Meanwhile, once we mark out that 45m usd worth of crude for our refineries (assuming they are working at optimum capacity), the govt has already lost 45m usd from their 140m usd daily earnings (which will affect budget implementation) and after refining will still spend more money to subsidize it to 65naira/l

With this analogy, you will agree with me that if all our refineries are working optimally, the govt will spend 3times our present day subsidy to bring the pump price down to 65naira/l.
So, for those of you clamoring for refineries should be careful what you wish for because there is no cheap crude for you to refine.

I have argued abinitio that the sales of other derivatives of crude will bring down the cost of most sort PMS,DPK etc but after doing some feasibility studies, i realized i was dead wrong.

I further argued that to make cheaper crude available for our refineries, the Govt should reduce the price at which it is supplied unfortunately, the senate mandated the then GMD of Nnpc that the DSO must be sold at international crude price.

This i believe was proposed for the following reasons:

1 the refineries are working below capacity so what the heck does Nnpc use the crude for?
2, there is a benchmark on crude price for budget implementation.

With this reasons, any existing or yet to exist refinery in Nigeria will get crude at a high price and must need subsidy to sell at 65naira/l, at this cross road, the then GMD of Nnpc decided that all crude should be exported and subsidy be paid on imported products.

Guess he was left with no choice.

At this verge, i must reiterate here that competition amongst importers will only crash the profit margin but not cost price.

Even if every Nigerian becomes an importer of pet. Prods, we can never change the fact that crude in the int l market is already expensive before thinking of refined prod. So we must need subsidy to make profit.

Before this issue of subsidizing petroleum products can be addressed,
You must have the following at the back of your minds:

1, Nigeria pegs a benchmark on crude prices to enable it implement budget. This stands at 75usd/bbl. And this crude is sort from the JV.

2, if crude price exceed the benchmark above, Nigeria makes excess crude revenue (ECR)

3, if we make excess crude revenue, then the price of subsidy on refined products shoot up.

With the above analogy,
One can argue that the ECR be used to subsidize imported petroleum products since both are a function of each other unfortunately in Nigeria, it comes with its own challenges.

By law, the constitution clearly states that all revenue accrued to the FG be shared amongst the three tiers of Govt.
This alone makes it illegal for the FG to keep the ECR to itself for whatever reason.

This is where the wahala started, during GEJ's campaign, he astronomically increased workers salary without consulting the state Governors,

most Governors have refused to pay on the grounds that they cannot afford it. On that grounds Taraba,jigawa and some other states have a genuine case.
With the above development, the states started scrambling for funds and remembered the ECR and insisted it must be shared to enable them pay the new wage and develop infrastructures.

The FG had no choice but to capitulate

With this development, the FG is left with little or no choice.

The way forward:

In the short run:

While the FG is consulting, they must consider these options,

1,  identify and tackle the corruption prevalent in the subsidy regime. That will push down the cost of the subsidy in the first place.
Like i said in April,no matter how sincere GEJ think his administration is, he cannot make any reasonable progress in the face of corruption,

2, the power projects must come upstream before removing subsidy, this will reduce the demand on pet. Products to a very great extent.

3, Nigeria must accommodate Gas export, port duties and other forms of revenue in their budget implementation policies.

4,  Govt must never invest an extra kobo in our moribund refineries, by doing otherwise, the cost price of the refineries will rise to an extent that it will no longer be attractive to investors or will prolong their repayment plan.
Thereby making it very capital intensive.

5, Instead of deceiving Nigerians with their cabal bullshit and deluding them that they don't benefit from this subsidy, the FG should channel that propaganda with intense lobbying to the senate,NLC and civil society organizations to stop the state governors from demanding for the ECR, this can be achieved by the FG asking the state to pay whatever increment they can afford for the workers that way the ECR will be used for subsidizing pet. Products.

In the long run:

Nigeria must seek local production capacity.
It is no longer news that Nnpc and its subsidiaries have failed woefully in meeting the needs of the Nigerian people.

Nnpc through its subsidiary Npdc and Ngc are saddled with the responsibility of the above for oil and gas production respectively, but as i write, the current production of NPDC stands at a paltry 90,000bbl/day which is a huge failure for an agency set up 23yrs ago,

The IOC's has made us believe that it will cost less than 12usd to extract 1bbl of our oil. The Management of NPDC must be reshuffled and if possible experts brought in on contract basis to improve NPDC's production

These experts must be placed on targets appraised by milestones. in ogoni land for instance, Anglo dutch has a lot of abandoned production facilities and marginal wells and others scattered all over the country, these can be bought by NPDC with the money FG want to waste on refineries to improve production,

If NPDC can extract oil at 12usd/bbl and make a little profit, with this cheap oil available, Nigeria will have no reason going to the JV. This cheap crude will attract investors to build refineries and create jobs,

A 250,000bbl/d refinery will cost a little above 5b usd, dangote alone can afford two of those only if NPDC can guarantee cheap oil. This is why no investor is coming to build refineries.

A crude price of 18usd/bbl from NPDC will guarantee pump price of less than 22naira per litre of pms from these refineries.

With this plan,By the end of this Administration, NPDC will have robust production capacity and the refineries will guarantee steady refined products.

These refineries shouldn't be operated by the Govt for any reason.

The FG will generate revenue from both ends, export of crude and export refined products and the production of NPDC must be increasing periodically.

Once the above takes effect, there wont be any need to be paying subsidy because pump price will be around 23naira/l and inflation will reduce by 40‰.

Now how competent is Allison Madueke and iweala if they cant figure this out to think of removing subsidy at this stage where there is no electricity and high corruption rate will be tantamount to economic suicide.

what iweala forgot is that in the face of inflation the cost of running Govt projects will be high, All Govt contractors will definitely come back for contract variations or Abandon those projects.

As a sound economist, she should tell Nigerians the value of 1.3 trillion naira in the face of 60% inflation and how many projects Nigerians will benefit from the subsidy removal.

If you remove subsidy and the money disappears, then it is a NO NO for Nigerians

I agree mostly with what you’ve said as I’ve advocated the same thing except for the “insider knowledge” and the running refineries costing us more. I know that the FG will need to subsidize the crude oil to the refineries or remove the artificial peg on the cost of fuel at the pump; otherwise, no private investor will touch the refineries with a 10 foot pole!

However, I’m not yet convinced that fuel from our refineries at a 100% capacity will cost us more than the current subsidy. It defies logic because the imported fuel that we buy also incurs the same type of production costs we face locally. The math is as straight forward as outline below:

Cost of crude oil (Drilling cost + opportunity cost of not exporting) + refining cost + profit + transportation = fuel price at the pump.

The processor is the master and the I/O device is the slave. The processor determines how and when to service the slave. In other words, the processor determines whether to listen to the I/O's instructions about reads/writes and at what speed.

Da Doctor:
ARE U IN JSS 1? DO U UNDERSTAND THE MAMOOTH REVENUE LAGOS GENERATES BY THE MINUTES? YET U COMPARE SAME WITH OGUN, JOS ETC.

OGA WAKE UP NA.

YES FASHOLA MAY BE GOOD, OR IS GOOD BUT HIS HANDS ARE WRITING FROM THE SLEEVES OF TINUBU.

IF ONLY U KNOW THAT WE ARE BEING MULTI-TAXED IN LAGOS

Let me flip your question around. Do you know the mammoth revenue Nigeria generates by the minute from Oil? Out of the 140 or so countries that rank below Nigeria in the GDP rankings, how many are more developed than Nigeria, especially when compared to the European Countries on the list?

My point is, the revenue that you generate does not determine how advanced your country/economy is. Your advancement is determined mostly by what your leader does with the little or a lot that the country earns!

On the issue of taxation, you said you’re being multi-taxed; who isn’t? In the US, you’re taxed on almost EVERYTHING!
1. They tax your income at about 27-30%.
2. They tax the house you buy.
3. They tax the clothing that you buy.
4. They tax your foods and drinks.
5. They tax your water.
6. They tax your sewage.
7. They tax your phone bill.
8. They tax your car when you buy it.
9. They tax your yearly usage.
10. They tax your petrol.
11.   They tax corporate earnings and then tax you again when you get the dividends.

Even in New Hampshire that does not have State tax, they make up for it by obscenely taxing your real property!

Since time immemorial, people have been taxed by their government! How else do you expect the State/Country to meet their obligations?

afam4eva:
I'm inclined to believe that most people on this forum are posting from outside Nigeria where fornication and adultery reign supreme. This is because i'm astounded by the replies some people have made on this thread. Why must we be quick to glorify every evil thing. What is wrong in someone asking ladies to dress properly in public because it's provocative to the eyes. We complain of r.ape, molestation etc, but we don't know that's acts like indecent dressing that drive some men to temporary insanity. Men are not metals that will see such intimate objects and not react.

I think a law should be passed to sue anyone that wears anything provocative. If r.ape is bad, so is provocative dressing. Nonsense.

I do agree that a law should be passed to define what is indecent. The society in general determines what is socially acceptable and it is determined by forcing the legislature to pass a law that addresses just that.

But here’s the problem: How are you going to define what is indecent? Tight fitting clothing? Tank tops? Women in pants? Low cut-off tops? Women showing their hair? Women showing their arms? Skirts above the knee? Women showing their face in public? Men in shorts? Men in tank tops? Men in tight pants? :-)

I would like you to go ahead and define what is indecent, and I’ll show you a 1000 more people that would think you’ve not gone far enough or gone too far!

Someone said she must have been framed because there are other “motives”. Sure there are other motives out there! Arik could have misplaced someone else’s luggage and the person planted 4kg of cocaine on the airline or the air hostess might have served a warm drink to someone on the plane. It might even be a case of her enemies using voodoo to teleport 4kg of cocaine into her luggage out of jealousy.

However, the simplest and most rational motive is simply MONEY! Who else is best equipped to carry the stuff than people with unlimited access and knowledge of Airports and security?

Some of you need to be writing plots for Nollywood movies so that we will not be able to predict the endings as you will come up with the craziest twist with all your conspiracy theories!

People are so quick to blame the West! What did our foremothers and forefathers wear before the 1600s? Were women not walking around bare-chested with little-to-nothing covering their private areas? The covering of mammary glands was introduced to us by the same people you're blaming for the lax standard!

Mind you, I'm not advocating for women to walk around nude but stop blaming our own "immorality" on other people!

[list]
[li] Rice and stew with the little pieces of meat sold by that mama down the street (only God knows why it tastes so different than home-cooked rice!)[/li]
[li] Tuwo, gbegiri and ewedu[/li]
[li] Ewa agan yin and bread[/li]
[li] Suya[/li]
[/list]

Unfortunately, even when I go back home visiting, I still don’t eat the food that I miss out of fear of getting sick from eating food sold by street vendors!

It is very hard becoming the next Microsoft or Oracle – companies that redefine the paradigm as we know it. But it is a lot easier to come up with an application that serves a particular niche or need in an industry.

The problem most programmers have is the requisite specialized knowledge to understand the problem or see the market opportunity. For the requisite knowledge, it will be easier to team up with someone that works/worked in the industry and the person will be the “specialist” with intimate knowledge of the industry and you will be the programmer implementing the solution.

A perfect example of a specialized application is what @sconsults did (see above).

I feel compelled to say a few words.
[list]
[li] Range Rover Sport or almost any other car is nothing compared to what you can truly earn “programming.”[/li]
[li] The only way to surpass your mediocre performance is to distinguish yourself from the rest of the pack. If you’re just an average pickup game footballer, you can’t expect to earn European-footballer’s salary. People pay for perceived value. [/li]
[li] I do understand that people are somewhat limited by their exposure but about the only way you can make any meaningful difference is to expand your horizons. You have to understand what people’s current needs are and how the market is deficient in meeting that current need. For example, developing a SaaS application for a particular industry can easily get you into the million dollar club even in Nigeria. [/li]
[li] Lastly, put on your thinking cap and think big. Forget the RR for now and focus on your trade. If you become very good at what you do, you will be successful even if you don’t drive a RR. Mark Zuckerberg, the guy that created and owns about 30% of Facebook currently worth ~16 Billion dollars, drives an Acura TSX.[/li]

[/list]

Wallie:
The Nigerian "Don" has two patents and the first is related to bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina).

Giving a cursory look at the patents, only the first seem relevant to the claim above and he seemed to recognize that the extracts (juices) of crushed bitter leaf has medicinal properties. Even though our forefathers probably knew the medicinal properties of bitter leaf, none of them got a patent for it, which means that the professor now has the rights to stop any company from using bitter leaf as such.


Patent 6,713,098 - Rights assigned to Jackson State University (Jackson, MI).

Patent 6541196 - Rights assigned to Jackson State University (Jackson, MI).

I posted the above with actual quotes from the patent before getting banned.

If you want the exact details of the crushing of the bitter leaf, you can look in my post profile for my last post or you can get the same text by googling the Patent 6,713,098.

Moral of the story is that there are many more local remedies, especially of plants that are native to us, that we use in Africa that has the potential of fetching major dollars if made known to the outside world by way of patents.

When push comes to shove and an emotional person is standing his/her ground, the logical person will and should compromise realizing that losing one emotional battle is worth the relationship.

Logical people also have to recognize that when asked for their opinion regarding an emotional issue between their significant other and a third party, it may be best not to respond because your significant other will accuse you of not taking his/her side.

Lastly, logical reasoning almost always trumps emotional reasoning, which means that logical people are almost always right when arguing with emotional people.

Or at the very least, does he personally read his emails?

Because they mostly try to solve romance and every other issue logically. It is extremely difficult for a logical person to see eye-to-eye with an emotional person. Logical people tend to come across as being cold and resolute but that does not mean that they’re emotionally unavailable.

ortopazz:
we dnt evn have a birth database, that my friend wil kill the dream, becos we need to fall bk on the true existence of evry citizen which I strongly believe should be the foundation of a database.

Except people already in existence will not register unless they have something to gain. Any person wanting any type of benefit from the Federal, State or local government can be compelled to register before receiving such benefit.