good day all pls what are the causes of overheating in a vehicle. My mercedes benz 230e all of a sudden has gone above the normal level, can i get any help?

When was the last time you overhauled your cooling system?

Start by going back to the basic which will include infra red measurement of the actual temperature (to verify if your gauge is accurate) but I doubt that is available in Nigeria. Make sure that there is no obstruction in front of the radiator (fans are working?), no coolant leaks alongs the hose clamps, etc (it is a sealed system), that you have proper coolant, etc

Not sure on the Benzo, but if external water pump, is it leaking from the weep hole?

Above all, before your next post is one looking for a new engine, make sure you pay attention to this as it could easily lead to catastrophic engine damage at worst or a blown head gasket at best.

Faulty radiator cover, weak or faulty top gasket, faulty fan, etc