Ofemannnu:
According to facts and figures,I think Yorubas are the most achieved and most successful black race in the world.I am not a bigot or tribalist but systematically using this forum to find out if there is any black tribe in the world that is or are more successful than the Yoruba race.
All African/black tribes are invited....Kenyans inclusive.God bless you all as we try to galvanise the African tribes to be competitive positively.
GOD BLESS AFRICANS AND THE WORLD.
These are a few of the successes and achievements of the Yoruba people:

Coupled with the facts that Yorubas lead in Education,Science and Technology and ICT,Music,Business,Infrastructures,Economy etc,they have broken the world records by being only the blacks who had gotten 5.0 cgp both at home and abroad in the higher institutions.

They have the highest numbers of the best black mathematicians in the whole world.....

K. Okikiolu: Born to Nigerian and British parents, but educated in the U.S., Katherine Okikiolu (was once on Princeton's faculty) received special distinction in 1997 when she was the first Black to win a Sloan Research Fellowship. Later in 1997, she won the Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers for "Innovative research in geometric analysis, particularly the determinant of the Laplacian under smooth perturbations, and developing student workshops and mathematics curricula for inner-city children." This particular award is worth $500,000 and is only granted 60 scientists and engineers in the U.S. per year. Okikiolu's work on elliptical differential operators is considered a major contribution, going well beyond what experts had considered feasible, given the current state of knowledge. Her 2001 publication Critical metrics for the determinant of the Laplacian in odd dimensions in the Annals of Mathematics, is receiving high acclaim. She is Associate Professor of Mathematics at the University of California at San Diego.

Farley: Born in an extremely successful academic family of Rochester, New York, Jonathan Farley, graduated second in his class with an A.B. from Harvard University and obtained a mathematics Ph.D. from Oxford University where he was awarded the Senior Mathematical Prize and Johnson Prize for his research. During a two year visit to the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute [MSRI] in 1996, Farley solved very important old problems in the Theory of Ordered Sets. He also works in Lattice Theory. He is currently publishing at an average of more than three papers a year, and in 2003 was a Distinguished Fulbright Scholar at Oxford University in England. Currently is Visiting Professor of Mathematics at Massachusettes Institute of Technology.

Gangbo: In just nine years from a Ph.D. to a Full Professor - this is incredible. Wilfrid Gangbo was born in Benin and in 1992 earned a Ph.D. from Swiss Federale Institute of Technology. Among his twelve papers is his 1996 The geometry of optimal transportation remains the single publication by a Black in the Mittag-Leffler Institute's Acta Mathematica, one of the world's strongest mathematics journals. In 2001 he was appointed Full Professor by Georgia Institute of Technology.

Agboola: In mathematics, one does not always know of young persons working in fields outside their own, and it is a great honor to the individual if the case is otherwise. Adebisi Agboola's work in Number Theory and Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry has been mentioned to me as very good by Kevin Corlette and two of my non-Black colleagues whose area of research is mutually exclusive with Agboola, Corlette, and each other. Agboola is Full Professor of Mathematics at the University of California at Santa Barbara

Gumel: Born in Nigeria, Ph.D. in England. Abba Gumel is an extremely prolific in the areas Mathematical Biology, Non-linear Dynamical Systems, and Computational Mathematics. Currently he is a Full Professor at the University of Manitoba in Canada.

Jackson: American Trachette Jackson was a mathematics major at Arizona State in Tempe. Four years later she earned a Ph.D. in Mathematical Biology. Five years later she had ten articles under her belt and a Sloan Fellowship. Currently, Associate Professor at the Department of Mathematics University of Michigan

Johnson: British born Mathematical Physicist Clifford V. Johnson has over 60 publications since his 1992 Ph.D. Since that time he has immersed himself within String Theory (also see Sylvester James Gates) with papers and books. He is currently on leave at USC.

http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/madgreatest.html

ShootToKill:
We have an international research reports that have established tthat Igbos are the most intelligent nation in subsaharan Africa, show us your own report and your make-me-happy-tales.

www.unz.com/article/the-iq-gap-is-no-longer-a-black-and-white-issue/

ShootToKill:
We have an international research reports that have established tthat Igbos are the most intelligent nation in subsaharan Africa, show us your own report and your make-me-happy-tales.

www.unz.com/article/the-iq-gap-is-no-longer-a-black-and-white-issue/

Ofemannnu:

NTOOOR

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/9755929/IQ-tests-do-not-reflect-intelligence.html


IQ tests 'do not reflect intelligence'
IQ tests are misleading because they do not accurately reflect intelligence, according to a study which found that a minimum of three different exams are needed to measure someone's brainpower.



Human skull and brain
Are we more intelligent than our grandparents were? Photo: ALAMY
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Nick Collins

By Nick Collins, Science Correspondent

5:30PM GMT 19 Dec 2012

For more than a century our intelligence quotient (IQ) has been used to measure how clever people are and Mensa, the society for the intellectual elite, has even used the test to weed out sub-par applicants.

But now the scale has been dismissed as a "myth" by scientists who found that our intelligence can only be predicted by combining results from at least three tests of our mental agility.

Different circuits within the brain are used for different thought processes, the researchers showed, meaning separate tests of short-term memory, reasoning and verbal skills are needed to measure someone's overall intelligence.

Their landmark study was based on the results of an online intelligence test which was launched by the Daily Telegraph and New Scientist two years ago, and attracted more than 110,000 responses.

Dr Roger Highfield, the Telegraph columnist and one of the authors of the paper, said: "When you come to the most complex known object, the human brain, the idea that there is only one measure of intelligence had to be wrong.
Related Articles

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Britain’s Brightest: with a C at maths O-level 10 Feb 2013

US scientists' new IQ measure: take the test 23 May 2013

There's much more to our brains than IQ 20 Dec 2012

Steam-age computers could be tailor-made for the molecular world 12 Mar 2013

"We can all think of people that have poor reasoning and brilliant memories, or fantastic language skills but aren't so hot at reasoning, and so on. Now once and for all we can say there is not a single measure such as IQ which captures all the intelligence that you see in people."

The online test, which took about 30 minutes to complete, featured 12 cognitive tests of volunteers' memory, reasoning, attention and planning as well as recording details about their lifestyle and background.

Taking into account the full range of cognitive abilities tested, they found that people's varying success rates could only be explained by combining at least three types of intelligence, and not by any single measure such as IQ.

"When you look at cognitive ability you can't boil it down to fewer than three components – short-term memory, reasoning and a verbal component," Dr Highfield explained. "There isn't one component that explains all the variations we saw in all the tests."

Following up their findings, the scientists scanned the brains of 16 volunteers while they completed the same tests and found that the three key types of intelligence relied on different circuits within the brain.

Writing in the Neuron journal, the researchers also observed that regularly playing "brain training" games appeared to have no effect on people's overall performance.

But people who regularly played computer games scored significantly higher in reasoning and short-term memory tests, while smokers and anxiety sufferers had weaker short-term memory scores.

An updated version of the test has been released as part of the ongoing research project.

DIFY20:
OFONJAS eweduterian and amalarians have come again via their brown roof republic

Whathaveidone:
This is true tho but very chitgbo-ish

Na i-bobo youths dey get time for this kind thing

If this thread was created by an i-bobo youth, ool boy the thread for don wet. Mouph4fugkkars would have "hoffed" their dirty red mud "pynts"

Yorubas don't really care about the whole dick measurement thing

Not our style

Ofemannnu:
According to facts and figures,I think Yorubas are the most achieved and most successful black race in the world.I am not a bigot or tribalist but systematically using this forum to find out if there is any black tribe in the world that is or are more successful than the Yoruba race.
All African/black tribes areinvited.Kenyans inclusive.God bless you all as we try to galvanise the African tribes to be competitive positively.
GOD BLESS AFRICANS AND THE WORLDThese are a few of the successes and achievements of the Yoruba peopleCoupled with the facts that Yorubas lead in Education,Science and Technology and ICT,Music,Business,Infrastructures,Economy etc,they have broken the world records by being only the blacks who had gotten 5.0 cgp both at home and abroad in the higher institutionsThey have the highest numbers of the best black mathematicians in the whole worldK. Okikiolu: Born to Nigerian and British parents, U.S.K

mightyhazell:
eweduterians are known for dick measuring. Igbos aint got dat time mahn!

Ofemannnu:
[s]According to facts and figures,I think Yorubas are the most achieved and most successful black race in the world.I am not a bigot or tribalist but systematically using this forum to find out if there is any black tribe in the world that is or are more successful than the Yoruba race.
All African/black tribes are invited....Kenyans inclusive.God bless you all as we try to galvanise the African tribes to be competitive positively.
GOD BLESS AFRICANS AND THE WORLD.
These are a few of the successes and achievements of the Yoruba people:

Coupled with the facts that Yorubas lead in Education,Science and Technology and ICT,Music,Business,Infrastructures,Economy etc,they have broken the world records by being only the blacks who had gotten 5.0 cgp both at home and abroad in the higher institutions.

They have the highest numbers of the best black mathematicians in the whole world.....

K. Okikiolu: Born to Nigerian and British parents, but educated in the U.S., Katherine Okikiolu (was once on Princeton's faculty) received special distinction in 1997 when she was the first Black to win a Sloan Research Fellowship. Later in 1997, she won the Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers for "Innovative research in geometric analysis, particularly the determinant of the Laplacian under smooth perturbations, and developing student workshops and mathematics curricula for inner-city children." This particular award is worth $500,000 and is only granted 60 scientists and engineers in the U.S. per year. Okikiolu's work on elliptical differential operators is considered a major contribution, going well beyond what experts had considered feasible, given the current state of knowledge. Her 2001 publication Critical metrics for the determinant of the Laplacian in odd dimensions in the Annals of Mathematics, is receiving high acclaim. She is Associate Professor of Mathematics at the University of California at San Diego.

Farley: Born in an extremely successful academic family of Rochester, New York, Jonathan Farley, graduated second in his class with an A.B. from Harvard University and obtained a mathematics Ph.D. from Oxford University where he was awarded the Senior Mathematical Prize and Johnson Prize for his research. During a two year visit to the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute [MSRI] in 1996, Farley solved very important old problems in the Theory of Ordered Sets. He also works in Lattice Theory. He is currently publishing at an average of more than three papers a year, and in 2003 was a Distinguished Fulbright Scholar at Oxford University in England. Currently is Visiting Professor of Mathematics at Massachusettes Institute of Technology.

Gangbo: In just nine years from a Ph.D. to a Full Professor - this is incredible. Wilfrid Gangbo was born in Benin and in 1992 earned a Ph.D. from Swiss Federale Institute of Technology. Among his twelve papers is his 1996 The geometry of optimal transportation remains the single publication by a Black in the Mittag-Leffler Institute's Acta Mathematica, one of the world's strongest mathematics journals. In 2001 he was appointed Full Professor by Georgia Institute of Technology.

Agboola: In mathematics, one does not always know of young persons working in fields outside their own, and it is a great honor to the individual if the case is otherwise. Adebisi Agboola's work in Number Theory and Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry has been mentioned to me as very good by Kevin Corlette and two of my non-Black colleagues whose area of research is mutually exclusive with Agboola, Corlette, and each other. Agboola is Full Professor of Mathematics at the University of California at Santa Barbara

Gumel: Born in Nigeria, Ph.D. in England. Abba Gumel is an extremely prolific in the areas Mathematical Biology, Non-linear Dynamical Systems, and Computational Mathematics. Currently he is a Full Professor at the University of Manitoba in Canada.

Jackson: American Trachette Jackson was a mathematics major at Arizona State in Tempe. Four years later she earned a Ph.D. in Mathematical Biology. Five years later she had ten articles under her belt and a Sloan Fellowship. Currently, Associate Professor at the Department of Mathematics University of Michigan

Johnson: British born Mathematical Physicist Clifford V. Johnson has over 60 publications since his 1992 Ph.D. Since that time he has immersed himself within String Theory (also see Sylvester James Gates) with papers and books. He is currently on leave at USC.

http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/madgreatest.htm[/s]l

Whathaveidone:


Wow! Eweduterian, sounds cool

is that your daddy's nickname?

mightyhazell:
nahh! Dats a new pet name one v brilliant boy just christened ur clan with.


I tink it fits like a skullcap tho

saint7000:

Whathaveidone:


Oh...I see.

Alfaab:


Stop this nonsense.

mightyhazell:
clever eh? U'd give it 2 d dude now won't u?

Whathaveidone:


He tried. A little bit clever. Nothing exceptional though

Ofemannnu:
According to facts and figures,I think Yorubas are the most achieved and most successful black race in the world.I am not a bigot or tribalist but systematically using this forum to find out if there is any black tribe in the world that is or are more successful than the Yoruba race.
All African/black tribes are invited....Kenyans inclusive.God bless you all as we try to galvanise the African tribes to be competitive positively.
GOD BLESS AFRICANS AND THE WORLD.
These are a few of the successes and achievements of the Yoruba people:

Coupled with the facts that Yorubas lead in Education,Science and Technology and ICT,Music,Business,Infrastructures,Economy etc,they have broken the world records by being only the blacks who had gotten 5.0 cgp both at home and abroad in the higher institutions.

They have the highest numbers of the best black mathematicians in the whole world.....

K. Okikiolu: Born to Nigerian and British parents, but educated in the U.S., Katherine Okikiolu (was once on Princeton's faculty) received special distinction in 1997 when she was the first Black to win a Sloan Research Fellowship. Later in 1997, she won the Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers for "Innovative research in geometric analysis, particularly the determinant of the Laplacian under smooth perturbations, and developing student workshops and mathematics curricula for inner-city children." This particular award is worth $500,000 and is only granted 60 scientists and engineers in the U.S. per year. Okikiolu's work on elliptical differential operators is considered a major contribution, going well beyond what experts had considered feasible, given the current state of knowledge. Her 2001 publication Critical metrics for the determinant of the Laplacian in odd dimensions in the Annals of Mathematics, is receiving high acclaim. She is Associate Professor of Mathematics at the University of California at San Diego.

Farley: Born in an extremely successful academic family of Rochester, New York, Jonathan Farley, graduated second in his class with an A.B. from Harvard University and obtained a mathematics Ph.D. from Oxford University where he was awarded the Senior Mathematical Prize and Johnson Prize for his research. During a two year visit to the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute [MSRI] in 1996, Farley solved very important old problems in the Theory of Ordered Sets. He also works in Lattice Theory. He is currently publishing at an average of more than three papers a year, and in 2003 was a Distinguished Fulbright Scholar at Oxford University in England. Currently is Visiting Professor of Mathematics at Massachusettes Institute of Technology.

Gangbo: In just nine years from a Ph.D. to a Full Professor - this is incredible. Wilfrid Gangbo was born in Benin and in 1992 earned a Ph.D. from Swiss Federale Institute of Technology. Among his twelve papers is his 1996 The geometry of optimal transportation remains the single publication by a Black in the Mittag-Leffler Institute's Acta Mathematica, one of the world's strongest mathematics journals. In 2001 he was appointed Full Professor by Georgia Institute of Technology.

Agboola: In mathematics, one does not always know of young persons working in fields outside their own, and it is a great honor to the individual if the case is otherwise. Adebisi Agboola's work in Number Theory and Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry has been mentioned to me as very good by Kevin Corlette and two of my non-Black colleagues whose area of research is mutually exclusive with Agboola, Corlette, and each other. Agboola is Full Professor of Mathematics at the University of California at Santa Barbara

Gumel: Born in Nigeria, Ph.D. in England. Abba Gumel is an extremely prolific in the areas Mathematical Biology, Non-linear Dynamical Systems, and Computational Mathematics. Currently he is a Full Professor at the University of Manitoba in Canada.

Jackson: American Trachette Jackson was a mathematics major at Arizona State in Tempe. Four years later she earned a Ph.D. in Mathematical Biology. Five years later she had ten articles under her belt and a Sloan Fellowship. Currently, Associate Professor at the Department of Mathematics University of Michigan

Johnson: British born Mathematical Physicist Clifford V. Johnson has over 60 publications since his 1992 Ph.D. Since that time he has immersed himself within String Theory (also see Sylvester James Gates) with papers and books. He is currently on leave at USC.

http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/madgreatest.html

totit:


Ofcourse I am not surprise yoruba tribe is the greatest in nigeria

God bless Yoruba race worldwide!

Who are the greatest Black Mathematicians?



Often I am asked the questions:

1. Is [or was] there a Black Gauss?

2. Should a Black Mathematician have been awarded the Fields Medal?

3. Who is [or was] the most important Black Mathematician?

4. Who are the greatest Black Mathematicians?

5. Who are the young mathematicians whose careers exhibit extraordinary promise?

I believe all but the last two questions to be foolish. However, I hope to address these questions on this web page - in reverse order. For a history of African Americans in science research read Kenneth R. Mannings article, "Can History Predict the Future?" For a description of Blacks in Mathematics Research see Research Mathematicians of the African Diaspora. As usual, underlined words are hyperlinks in this website to more information on the individuals below.
 
CONTENTS

Who are the young mathematicians whose careers exhibit extraordinary promise?

Mathematicians of the 1990s

Mathematicians of the 1980s

Who are the greatest Black Mathematicians?

Great Black Mathematicians of the 1970s & 1960s

The Masters

 


 
5. Who are the young mathematicians whose careers exhibit extraordinary promise?

Mathematicians of the 21st Century

I had anticipated delaying this section until 2007 and young folks had begun to publish. However, as a winner of the AMU/ICMS 2003 Young African in Mathematics Medals, one individual has changed my mind.
Oguntuase: Currently in Italy, Nigerian born and soley Nigerian trained, James Adedayo Oguntuase earned his Ph.D. in 2001, but has published 18 papers in mathematics since 1998. This promises to be a stelar career.
 
Mathematicians of the 1990s:

Seven mathematicians of the 1990s, Adebisi Agboola, Jonathan Farley, Wilfrid Gangbo, Abba Gumel, Trachette Jackson, Katherine Okikiolu, and Arlie Petters show extraordinary promise, "should be" (but are not necessarily) located at the very best institutions, and may be the Fields medal candidates of the future.

















Petters: Belize born American citizen Arlie Petters, the most senior of the group is a member of Duke University's Bass Fellows. He is Full Professor of Mathematics and of Physics (their first tenured Black professor in the sciences - congratulations Duke). He is chiefly interested in the mathematical theory of gravitational lensing and related areas (differential geometry, singularity theory, general relativity, Astrophysics). Though Petters received his Ph.D. about ten years ago, he has published 30 papers and a book, chiefly in the area Gravitational Lensing. Petters's book on Gravitational Lensing is considered a tour de force in mathematical physics. In 1998, Petters was awarded the most prestigious award for "young" mathematicians, the three year Sloan Research Fellowship. In 2002, he was recipient of the first Blackwell-Tapia Prize.
K. Okikiolu: Born to Nigerian and British parents, but educated in the U.S., Katherine Okikiolu (was once on Princeton's faculty) received special distinction in 1997 when she was the first Black to win a Sloan Research Fellowship. Later in 1997, she won the Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers for "Innovative research in geometric analysis, particularly the determinant of the Laplacian under smooth perturbations, and developing student workshops and mathematics curricula for inner-city children." This particular award is worth $500,000 and is only granted 60 scientists and engineers in the U.S. per year. Okikiolu's work on elliptical differential operators is considered a major contribution, going well beyond what experts had considered feasible, given the current state of knowledge. Her 2001 publication Critical metrics for the determinant of the Laplacian in odd dimensions in the Annals of Mathematics, is receiving high acclaim. She is Associate Professor of Mathematics at the University of California at San Diego.
Farley: Born in an extremely successful academic family of Rochester, New York, Jonathan Farley, graduated second in his class with an A.B. from Harvard University and obtained a mathematics Ph.D. from Oxford University where he was awarded the Senior Mathematical Prize and Johnson Prize for his research. During a two year visit to the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute [MSRI] in 1996, Farley solved very important old problems in the Theory of Ordered Sets. He also works in Lattice Theory. He is currently publishing at an average of more than three papers a year, and in 2003 was a Distinguished Fulbright Scholar at Oxford University in England. Currently is Visiting Professor of Mathematics at Massachusettes Institute of Technology.
Gangbo: In just nine years from a Ph.D. to a Full Professor - this is incredible. Wilfrid Gangbo was born in Benin and in 1992 earned a Ph.D. from Swiss Federale Institute of Technology. Among his twelve papers is his 1996 The geometry of optimal transportation remains the single publication by a Black in the Mittag-Leffler Institute's Acta Mathematica, one of the world's strongest mathematics journals. In 2001 he was appointed Full Professor by Georgia Institute of Technology.
Agboola: In mathematics, one does not always know of young persons working in fields outside their own, and it is a great honor to the individual if the case is otherwise. Adebisi Agboola's work in Number Theory and Arithmetic Algebraic Geometry has been mentioned to me as very good by Kevin Corlette and two of my non-Black colleagues whose area of research is mutually exclusive with Agboola, Corlette, and each other. Agboola is Full Professor of Mathematics at the University of California at Santa Barbara
Gumel: Born in Nigeria, Ph.D. in England. Abba Gumel is an extremely prolific in the areas Mathematical Biology, Non-linear Dynamical Systems, and Computational Mathematics. Currently he is a Full Professor at the University of Manitoba in Canada.
Jackson: American Trachette Jackson was a mathematics major at Arizona State in Tempe. Four years later she earned a Ph.D. in Mathematical Biology. Five years later she had ten articles under her belt and a Sloan Fellowship. Currently, Associate Professor at the Department of Mathematics University of Michigan
Johnson: British born Mathematical Physicist Clifford V. Johnson has over 60 publications since his 1992 Ph.D. Since that time he has immersed himself within String Theory (also see Sylvester James Gates) with papers and books. He is currently on leave at USC.
 
Great Mathematicians of the 1980s:

This is a group of mathematicians, nearing or just past Fields medalist years (before the age of 40), whose careers are very strong, and we expect them to have careers stronger than many of those who came before. They are Idris Assani, Johnny Brown, Nathaniel Dean, Carl Graham, Overtoun Jenda, and William Massey. There are a few more Mathematicians who could be mentioned here.











Massey: During Princeton University's inclusive period, William Massey enrolled and obtained a B.S. in Mathematics. From there he went to Stanford University for the Ph.D. and to industry, but his location in the Mathematics Department of Lucent Technologies has given him the opportunity to publish an average of 2.5 papers a year. In addition to the application of many papers in Queueing Theory and Stochastic Processes to problems in the Modelling of Telecommunication Systems, Massey, most importantly, has been involved with the mentoring African American students of Mathematics. Those who pay attention do very well; one of these is Arlie Petters (see young mathematicians above). Massey is a co-founder of CAARMS, the annual Conference for African Americans Researchers in the Mathematical Sciences. In 2001, Massey became the first tenured African American Mathematician at an Ivy League Univrsity. He is Full Professor in Princeton University's department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering.

Ofemannnu:

Even in Technology and ICT...M Zuckerberg just testified to that attestation that Yoruba is a great minded race.

Whathaveidone:


If I dash you miracle slap with that international research bullshit. International research ko, local investigation ni

FYI, that article was written by Chanda Chisala before it was posted on UNZ. NewTelegraph the chitgbo website saw
it and quickly changed the title to "Igbos most intelligent African tribe"

Awon skama Plenty people including Yorubas been chop am gaan

Not me though

The Masters

Until the mid 1980s, Charles Bell, David Blackwell, A. T. Bharucha-Reid, and J. Ernest Wilkins had published more mathematics than the entire rest of the entire African American community. Though this no longer the case, The Masters, a slight expansion of the group has published more papers than the entire Black Mathematics community in the 20th century. I believe The Masters are David Blackwell, J. Ernest Wilkins, George O. Okikiolu, James Ezeilo, Albert T. Bharucha-Reid, Ronald E. Mickens, and Charles Bell.
no thumb photos

Bharucha-Reid

G. Okikiolu

Ezeilo Cc aresa,yorubanger..

Mickens

Bell


Blackwell: There have been few black mathematicians who, prior to the late 1960s, have had the freedom and opportunity to work relatively unfettered. Of this group, David Blackwell is the only Black mathematician whose work is clearly within the "extraordinary mathematician" rank. There are others not far behind, we discuss them below.


 When he was 22, David Blackwell earned a Ph.D. (University of Illinois, 1941) within 5 years of high school. As only Black institutions with very high teaching loads (20 to 30 hours per week as opposed to the standard 6 hours of today) would hire him, one would think his early career would lag somewhat. Although his work caught the eye of great mathematicians of the time, it took another 13 years and 20 papers before Blackwell was hired permanently at a research oriented institution, the University of California at Berkeley. By the time he was 40 (in 1959), David Blackwell had accomplished that which most mathematicians would consider a lifetime's work, he had written a book considered a classic, published 35 papers (three in the Annals of Mathematics), and had been an invited speaker all over the world. In 1965 he became the first African American named to the National Academy of Sciences (he is still the only Black mathematician to be so honored). In 1979 Blackwell won the von Neumann Theory Prize (the Operations Research Society of America). Though most (but not all) of Blackwell's work was in Statistics, his work exhibits a strong "theoretical"mathematics background.

In 2002, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute in Berkeley and Cornell University has established the Blackwell-Tapia Award in honor of David Blackwell and Richard A. Tapia, distinguished mathematical scientists who have been inspirations to more than a generation of African American and Hispanic American students and professionals in the mathematical sciences.


Wilkins: J. Ernest Wilkins was a contemporary of David Blackwell, though his experience with racism was clearer. Both Wilkins' parents were graduates of the University of Chicago. At the age of 13, Wilkins entered the University of Chicago. He received his B.S. in Mathematics three and a half years later and at the age of 19 he earned a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Chicago (1942) for a thesis in the area of Calculus of Variations. J. Ernest Wilkins, Jr. was described in national newspapers as "the Negro genius." Wilkins, though a very able mathematician, was interested in applications of mathematics, and after his Ph.D., he went back to school earning degrees in Mechanical Engineering from New York University.
Meanwhile, he experienced racism from the AMS (American Mathematics Society): In 1947 Wilkins received a letter from the AMS Associate Secretary for the Southeastern region urging him to come to the AMS meeting, and saying that very satisfactory arrangements had been made with which they were sure he'd be pleased; they had found a "nice colored family" with whom he could stay and where he would take his meals! No hotels would admit him and the hospitality of the University of Georgia (and of the AMS) was not for him. Thus, AMS meetings continued to be all white.
Though he has published nearly 100 papers (under 50 in Mathematics), Wilkins' impact on applications of mathematics to Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering is significant. He worked as a Physicist for several companies: from 1960-70, Wilkins was Assistant Chairman of the Theoretical Physics Department and Assistant Director (1960-65) of the Atomic Division of General Dynamics Corporation. J. Ernest Wilkins, Jr. was the second African American member of the National Academy of Engineers (1965). One of Wilkins' major achievements has been the development of radiation shielding against gamma radiation, emitted during electron decay of the Sun and other nuclear sources. He developed mathematical models by which the amount of gamma radiation absorbed by a given material can be calculated. In 1999 he is Distinguished Professor of Mathematics and Physics at Clark-Atlanta University.

Bharucha-Reid: To me, Albert T. Bharucha-Reid's work was, mathematically, nearly has great as Blackwell's and Wilkins, but for points of recognition, his career suffered one major fault - he resolutely refused to obtain a Ph.D. I have known several good mathematicians (e.g., James Joseph, and Andrew Gleason, an ex-chair of Harvard University's Mathematics Department) who have found themselves in a similar position.
In 1949 at the age of 19, Albert Turner Reid (he later shared the surname, Bharucha, of his India born wife) earned a B.S. in Mathematics and a B.S. in Biology from the University of Iowa. By the time he was 23, he produced mathematics for eight published papers, but did not produce a Ph.D. thesis (he said, in 1953, it was a waste of his time) at his graduate school - the University of Chicago. Bharucha-Reid published six books and nearly 80 papers in algebra, analysis, mathematical biology, statistics, and topology, and was an undisputd leader in the area of Random Polynomials. With the exception of short stays at many institutions, he spent the majority of his career at Wayne State University in positions from Professor to Chair to Dean. He completed his career at Clark-Atlanta University a few years before, despondent with the death of his wife and taking his own life in 1990.
G. Okikiolu: The excellence of Black persons in Mathematics has not been limited to Americans, the Nigerian George O. Okikiolu works in London and has published 3 books and at least 190 papers, more than any other Black mathematician. He is also the father of Katherine Okikiolu discussed above.
 
Ezeilo: Another Nigerian, James Ezeilo made an enormous contribution. This 1958 Ph.D. (University of Cambridge) has also received numerous honorary doctorates. His early research deals mainly with the problem of stability, boundedness, and convergence of solutions of third order ordinary differential equations. Apart from extending known results and techniques to higher order equations, the main thrust of his work was the construction of Lyapunov-like functions, which he did elegantly and used to study the qualitative properties of solutions. In addition he was a pioneer in the use of Leray-Schauder degree type arguments to obtain existence results for periodic solutions of ordinary differential equations. Finally, with two other mathematicians, Ezeilo built mathematics to the fine degree it exists in Nigeria today serving the entire African continent quite well.

Ronald E. Mickens at Historically Black Clark-Atlanta University straddles two fields, Mathematics and Physics, and from 1970 to 1999, Dr. Mickens published over 200 papers and 5 books. Recently, Mickens was honored with an election to Fellowship in the American Physical Society, a rare position limited to .5% of the membership of the society. With all of this Mickens has worked directly at the effort to bring African Americans into Physics and to improve Physics in Africa.

totit:


Some people go die of heart attack today..

Op, make I add, help you small jare :

ShootToKill:


Why the pepper you like this? Chinda Chisala na IPOB?
Abi UNZ na IPOBian website?
Chisala even refenced study conducted in UK and US to ram home his point.
Kakanforudeen, Carry placard go protest against chisala.

yoruba don't have to believe that report, the rest of the world already believes and agrees with that immalleable report, so yorubas are inconsequential here. Dem be global minority for this issue.

Their Lamentations about the study no fit pass their brown huts.

ShootToKill:


Why the pepper you like this? Chinda Chisala na IPOB?
Abi UNZ na IPOBian website?
Chisala even refenced study conducted in UK and US to ram home his point.
Kakanforudeen, Carry placard go protest against chisala.

yoruba don't have to believe that report, the rest of the world already believes and agrees with that immalleable report, so yorubas are inconsequential here. Dem be global minority for this issue.

Their Lamentations about the study no fit pass their brown huts.