₦airaland Forum

My country my country.

Are we still on this?
Meanwhile I love the death of PDP the self styled biggest political party in Africa. I earnestly look forward to the death of complacent APC. The clueless political party.

Meanwhile Lai Mohammed should be commended for the numerous feats he achieved with his unquantifiable lies and propaganda.

Ok

Na dem. Not surprised. Weirdos

Ok

Hmmm

Blood suckers

Space booked

Sounds good if she reciprocates

I talk am o
[

b]So this matter still dey?
Synopsis:
Ikpeazu meets and confides in Wike for solution, Wike meets his wife and Peter Odili's wife.. The two women Judges meet their colleagues and negotiates with them. They tell Ikpeazu how much to pay. He pays with state bailout funds and waits for twisted judgment in his favor. Then wins.

Ikpeazu in media briefing "this is a victory for all lovers of Democracy, this shows that our judiciary system is still credible and last hope of the oppressed. We shall continue our good leadership in Abia State."

OGAR GOES BACK TO NURSE HIS WOUNDS. TILL 2019[/b]

Nigeria's judiciary is an auction. In Nigeria cases are not worn by lawyers that know the law but lawyers or people that know the judge.

Ok

Even lizards can twerk

newfound2012:
second value, yes, being most reliable, no.
Guy, don't use our Nigerian need for second cars to generalize on a world stage

Tell me another make that is as reliable as Toyota let alone more reliable in your world stage. Abi Nigeria no follow for world stage.
I think reliability should be measure as per performance I'm tough and unhealthy conditions. Nigeria roads are the best yardstick to measure reliability

ladiesBOO:
i beg to differ, I don't want to speak bad of him, he's not representing my constituency though, but he's doing well, he has attracted many roads and other developmental projects to his Constituency,as a matter of fact, I'm surely making use of that road today as I'm headed to Ebonyi state

Oga I'm from the same constituency. Your type is the reason why politicians are having a field day with public funds.
If some one gets 1m for a project and carryout a project worth only or even less than 10 percent of what he got is it worthy of commendation?
We have a DSP but virtually all the federal establishments under his constituency are in deplorable condition. Places like Federal Road Safety Academy, Police College Oji River, Medium Security Prisons and Barracks Oji River, Federal Pilot Tannery, Veterinary RESEARCH institute, Awgu, Federal Cooperative College Oji, Federal secretariat Enugu, National thermal Electric Generating Station Oji River which when operational could have taken care of at least the entire power challenges of South Eastern States, Enugu-PH express (though recently fed govt has intervened on that but definitely not DSPs efforts) and many more.
I stand to be corrected sir.

okoliexpress:
truly you need to be corrected and enlightened....

Go ahead pls

chuksonu:
You are a big lier.I am from Okpanku which is a neighbouring community to Ike Ekweremmadu,s town of Mpu.I can tell you that all love him and his will always have our votes.
In history of our community,we never had tarred Road until his emergence as a senator representing our constituency.
Now we have one of the best federal roads in the whole of South East.We have electricity and other social amenities all attracted by Ikeoha,Enyioha one of Okpanku.

Oga I'm from the same constituency. Your type is the reason why politicians are having a field day with public funds.
If some one gets 1m for a project and carryout a project worth only or even less than 10 percent of what he got is it worthy of commendation?
We have a DSP but virtually all the federal establishments under his constituency are in deplorable condition. Places like Federal Road Safety Academy, Police College Oji River, Medium Security Prisons and Barracks Oji River, Federal Pilot Tannery, Veterinary RESEARCH institute, Awgu, Federal Cooperative College Oji, Federal secretariat Enugu, National thermal Electric Generating Station Oji River which when operational could have taken care of at least the entire power challenges of South Eastern States, Enugu-PH express (though recently fed govt has intervened on that but definitely not DSPs efforts) and many more.
I stand to be corrected sir.

tiwasiaife:
Shame on u

Na your papa and mama go carry shame. Anuofia

Na our man but truth be told the guy is so selfish. More than a decade as DSP but no commensurate evidence in his constituency. He has many hotels littered across the country.
He only knows how to entertain people in his Enugu residence and sponsor e-warriors to cry foul whenever he runs into trouble.
Someone will come here and start blabbing about his numerous bursary awards. I don't even want to talk about it now.
His unpopularity made him to lose governorship primaries to Sullivan's Ugwuanyi and he quickly ran back to Senate race.
It's well o

A whole BBM is desperately struggling for survival and relevance

Ok

He should stop lamenting joor. Nigerians still they buy Toyota as tokunbo more than any other make.

Ok

Who are they?

Another one of many failed marriages. only that this ended in a worst scenario. Result of couples rivaling each other

Na wao

make una fear God na. a brand new 1.5hp Haier Thermocool AC with 1 year warranty sells for 100k in Alaba Intl mkt.

What's written on your oil bottle, and what does it mean?

This post may seem like going back to basics but I'm constantly surprised by the number of people who do not know, or understand, what is written on a bottle of oil, and therefore have no idea what they are buying/using.

To be blunt about the subject, if a bottle of oil does not contain the following basic information then DO NOT buy it! Look for something that does!

1) The purpose for which it is intended (i.e. Motor oil, Gear oil etc)

2) The viscosity (i.e. 10w40, 5w30 etc for Motor oils and 80w90, 75w90, etc for Gear oils)

3) The specifications that it meets (should contain both API and ACEA ratings)

4) The OEM Approvals that it carries and the codes (i.e. MB229.3, VW503.00, BMW LL01 etc)

Ignore the marketing blurb on the label - in many cases it's meaningless and I'll explain later what statements you should treat with some scepticism.

So, what does the above information mean and why is it important?

THE BASICS

All oils are intended for an application and in general are not interchangeable. You would not for example put an Automatic Transmission Oil or a Gear Oil in your engine! It's important to know what the oil's intended purpose is.

VISCOSITY

Most oils on the shelves today are "Multigrades", which simply means that the oil falls into 2 viscosity grades (i.e. 10w-40 etc)

Multigrades were first developed some 50 years ago to avoid the old routine of using a thinner oil in winter and a thicker oil in summer.

In a 10w-40 for example the 10w bit (W = winter, not weight or watt or anything else for that matter) simply means that the oil must have a certain maximum viscosity/flow at low temperature. The lower the "W" number the better the oil's cold temperature/cold start performance.

The 40 in a 10w-40 simply means that the oil must fall within certain viscosity limits at 100°C. This is a fixed limit and all oils that end in 40 must achieve these limits. Once again the lower the number, the thinner the oil: a 30 oil is thinner than a 40 oil at 100°C etc. Your handbook will specify whether a 30, 40 or 50 etc is required.

SPECIFICATIONS

Specifications are important as these indicate the performance of the oil and whether they have met or passed the latest tests, or whether the formulation is effectively obsolete or out of date. There are two specifications that you should look for on any oil bottle and these are API (American Petroleum Institute) and ACEA (Association des Constructeurs Europeens d'Automobiles) all good oils should contain both of these, and an understanding of what they mean is important.

API

This is the more basic as it is split (for passenger cars) into two catagories. S = Petrol and C = Diesel, most oils carry both petrol (S) and diesel (C) specifications.

The following table shows how up to date the specifications the oil are:

PETROL

SG - Introduced 1989 - has much more active dispersant to combat black sludge.

SH - Introduced 1993 - has same engine tests as SG, but includes phosphorus limit 0.12%, together with control of foam, volatility and shear stability.

SJ - Introduced 1996 - has the same engine tests as SG/SH, but phosphorus limit 0.10% together with variation on volatility limits

SL - Introduced 2001 - all new engine tests reflective of modern engine designs meeting current emissions standards

SM - Introduced November 2004 - improved oxidation resistance, deposit protection and wear protection, also better low temperature performance over the life of the oil compared to previous categories.

Note:

All specifications prior to SL are now obsolete and, although suitable for some older vehicles, are more than 10 years old, and do not provide the same level of performance or protection as the more up to date SL and SM specifications.

DIESEL

CD - Introduced 1955 - international standard for turbo diesel engine oils for many years, uses single cylinder test engine only

CE - Introduced 1984 - improved control of oil consumption, oil thickening, piston deposits and wear, uses additional multi cylinder test engines

CF4 - Introduced 1990 - further improvements in control of oil consumption and piston deposits, uses low emission test engine

CF - Introduced 1994 - modernised version of CD, reverts to single cylinder low emission test engine. Intended for certain indirect injection engines

CF2 - Introduced 1994 - defines effective control of cylinder deposits and ring face scuffing, intended for 2 stroke diesel engines

CG4 - Introduced 1994 - development of CF4 giving improved control of piston deposits, wear, oxidation stability and soot entrainment. Uses low sulphur diesel fuel in engine tests

CH4 - Introduced 1998 - development of CG4, giving further improvements in control of soot related wear and piston deposits, uses more comprehensive engine test program to include low and high sulphur fuels

CI4 Introduced 2002 - developed to meet 2004 emission standards, may be used where EGR ( exhaust gas recirculation ) systems are fitted and with fuel containing up to 0.5 % sulphur. May be used where API CD, CE, CF4, CG4 and CH4 oils are specified.

Note:

All specifications prior to CH4 are now obsolete and, although suitable for some older vehicles, are more than 10 years old and do not provide the same level of performance or protection as the more up to date CH4 & CI4 specifications.

If you want a better more up to date oil specification then look for SL, SM, CH4, CI4

ACEA

This is the European equivalent of API (US) and is more specific in what the performance of the oil actually is. A = Petrol, B = Diesel and C = Catalyst compatible or low SAPS (Sulphated Ash, Phosphorus and Sulphur).

Unlike API the ACEA specs are split into performance/application catagories as follows:

A1 Fuel economy petrol
A2 Standard performance level (now obsolete)
A3 High performance and/or extended drain
A4 Reserved for future use in certain direct injection engines
A5 Combines A1 fuel economy with A3 performance

B1 Fuel economy diesel
B2 Standard performance level (now obsolete)
B3 High performance and/or extended drain
B4 For direct injection car diesel engines
B5 Combines B1 fuel economy with B3/B4 performance

C1-04 Petrol and light duty Diesel engines, based on A5/B5-04 low SAPS, two way catalyst compatible.
C2-04 Petrol and light duty Diesel engines, based on A5/B5-04 mid SAPS, two way catalyst compatible.
C3-04 Petrol and light duty Diesel engines, based on A5/B5-04 mid SAPS, two way catalyst compatible, higher performance levels due to higher HTHS.

Note: SAPS = Sulphated Ash, Phosphorous and Sulphur.

Put simply, A3/B3, A5/B5 and C3 oils are the better quality, stay in grade performance oils.

APPROVALS

Many oils mention various OEM's on the bottle, the most common in the UK being VW, MB or BMW but do not be misled into thinking that you are buying a top oil because of this.

Oil Companies send their oils to OEM's for approval however some older specs are easily achieved and can be done so with the cheapest of mineral oils. Newer specifications are always more up to date and better quality/performance than the older ones.

Some of the older OEM specifications are listed here and depending on the performance level of your car are best ignored if you are looking for a quality high performance oil:

VW - 500.00, 501.00 and 505.00

Later specs like 503, 504, 506 and 507 are better performing more up to date oils

MB - 229.1

Later specs like 229.3 and 229.5 are better performing more up to date oils.

BMW - LL98

Later specs like LL01 and LL04 are better performing more up to date oils.


FINALLY

Above is the most accurate guidance I can give without going into too much depth however there is one final piece of advice regarding the labelling.

Certain statements are made that are meaningless and just marketing blurb, here are a few to avoid!

Recommended for use where.....
May be used where the following specifications apply.....
Approved by...........(but with no qualification)
Recommended/Approved by (some famous person, these endorsements are paid for)
Racing/Track formula (but with no supporting evidence)
Also be wary of statements like "synthetic blend" if you are looking for a fully synthetic oil as this will merely be a semi-synthetic.

Like everything in life, you get what you pay for and the cheaper the oil the cheaper the ingredients and lower the performance levels.

Changing your oil and your oil filter are necessary to keep your car's engine running well.

http://www.driverstechnology.co.uk/oils.htm

So cute

tintingz:
This is the most gibberish post in this thread.

So if a little girl die, she will be buried in a lost forest because she's not married? You can see the level of your reasoning? Like a snail.

Do you know if the bush is her family land?

It's your mother's pusy that's like a snail that's why you know how snails reason. Anuofia.