₦airaland Forum

Codemint is a website programmed for assisting computer science students with a wide range of good Project/Seminar research works and materials thereby giving insights to aid and speed up final year project development. It is imperative to note that all project works on this site meets university standard anywhere.
Available works on this site include:
1. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE POST-UTME SYSTEM
2. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A WEB NITEL TELEPHONE BILLING SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF NITEL ENUGU)
3. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM FOR REVENUE GENERATION FROM BUSINES PREMISES (A CASE STUDY OFNKANU EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)
4. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED BILL OF MATERIAL PROCESSING PROJECT
5. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A HOTEL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF ROYAL MARBLE HOTELS, BENIN)
6. THE INFLUENCE OF SMART PHONES AND SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
7. NETWORK PROGRAMMING (SECURED CLIENT-SERVER CHAT APPLICATION)
8. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MOBILE AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM
9. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE BLOGGING SYSTEM
10. COMPARATIVE STUDY AND OVER VIEW OF WINDOW AND LINOX IOPERATING SYSTEM
11. COMPUTERIZATION OF AIRLINE RESERVATION SYSTEM (A CASE STUDY OF BRITISH AIRWAY LAGOS)
12. WEB BASED APPLICATION FOR INSURANCE SERVICES
13. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AIRPLANE PASSENGER MANIFEST INFORMATION SYSTEM
14. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CAR PARKING SYSTEM WITH AUTOMATED BILLING
15. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATED MOTOR VEHICLE DRIVING LICENSING SYSTEM
16. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COMPUTERIZED REVENUE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION (A CASE STUDY OF ETINAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)
17. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTERIZED PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

For more project works/topics visit us https://codemint.net/computer-science/computer-science?a=CS

Online Marketing is the application of the Internet and related digital technologies in conjunction with traditional communications to achieve marketing objectives. It is the process of marketing goods or services online through the Internet both for those whose income is derived solely from the Internet and for those who have a brick and mortar location but choose to advertise on the web. Online marketing is also known as internet marketing, web marketing, website promotion, online business or Internet business among others.

With increasing participation and involvement in the internet it has steadily risen to become one of the best fora for marketing. Leading to an increasing nature of this discuss among scholars and business associates. Also, equally resulting is an unyielding interest by business students leading to them placing more relevance to this discuss in their undergraduate research projects. Below are the benefits of online marketing to small scale businesses:

Global Marketing: Online marketing gives small scale business the forum to expand customer line that is having a lot of customers. Also, it has also expanded the business and enhanced profit maximization. Thereby, expansion the frontier of the business beyond the borders of their state or country, if you like.

Affordability: Online marketing has overtime proved to be a convenient and a really affordable medium of marketing.

Exposure: Online marketing bestows on small scale businesses exposure by being able to reach out target market. Through this medium, they get feedback from customers as to how better to satisfy their needs and improve on their services.

In all, the benefits of online marketing to the growth of small scale businesses cannot be overemphasized. In this era where internet has proven to be the largest continent in the world, it would be disastrous for a small scale business to strategies her growth plan without including online marketing.

Sexual harassment is can simply be understood as bullying or coercion of a sexual nature and the unwelcome or inappropriate promise of rewards in exchange for sexual favors. Sexual harassment includes a range of actions from mild transgressions to sexual abuse or assault. Sexual harassment in educational settings is a common problem globally. For university students, sexual harassment may lead to: dropped courses, changed majors (main subjects of study), changed academic departments and programmes, and altered career intentions.

Moreover, it is a well addressed subject matter in college and university campuses in most countries which has yielded an increasing interest among scholars leading to it been over flogged as a topic of discuss in most undergraduate research works in many Nigerian universities. Let’s proceed in identifying the effects of this on female students:

Psychological Effect
Psychological outcomes include: negative effects on self-esteem and life satisfaction, low sense of self-confidence, negative effect on women’s relationship with other men, anger, fear, anxiety, depression, feelings of humiliation and alienation, a sense of helplessness and vulnerability, headaches, sleep disturbance, weight loss or gain, gastrointestinal disturbances and nausea. This is one the core effect of sexual harassment as research has validated its long term effects.

Emotional Effect
More often than not, female victims of sexual harassment become vulnerable and tend to experience an intense anger towards their perpetrators or all males around them. Feelings of anger are all typical of acute phase of the post-traumatic stress disorder. Anger is usually a central feature of a survivor’s response to trauma. Research has shown that female students who had been sexually harassed felt very upset about the sexual harassment they experienced, 55% felt embarrassed and 32% felt afraid and scared. To cope with stress, female students may be extroverts and promote risky sexual behaviour to enhance positive moods while in the process apply defence-mechanism such as denial.

Educational Effect
Sexual harassment has a destabilizing effect on the education of female students. The academic performance of the female students suffers. The female students find it very hard to concentrate on their work. Some even lose interest in studying and transfer to new universities or simply leave school as a result of hopelessness and pregnancy if they had unsafe sex with their perpetrators.

Social Effect
Resulting from the psychological, emotional and educational effects, the female victims may develop social problems as well). Should the people know about the harassment, the victim might wonder who knows and what they are thinking about the case. Also, the victim might overhear conversations from other students around her about her case and she might become the subject of gossip and derogatory information and speculations. As a result, the judgements by all who know the victim, either negative or positive can create a huge burden to carry through the university environment. As such, the victim can become publicly sexualised a walking icon of misplaced amorous attention.

Education is a means of transmitting ones culture from one generation to another. It is a process of bringing about a relatively permanent change in human behaviours. As one of the oldest industries in human history, education is therefore the main instrument employed by the society to preserve, maintain and grapple with its social equilibrium; hence a society’s future depends largely on the quality of its citizens’ education.

It is necessary to maintain here that before the coming of the Europeans, African had their own traditional educational system which they used in transmitting their cultures and core values to the younger ones. However, research as brought up by scholars and as visible in many undergraduate projects in education, has proven that these values of this traditional education has been relegated to the background.

Moreover, below are the untold consequences of neglecting or rather abandoning of the traditional educational system of Africa for the western education.
Unemployment: Africans with their traditional education are known for their enterprising spirit, however, with the neglect of the traditional education, they have been reduced to mere job seekers, instead of job creators, which they were before the imperial period.

Negligence of moral values: Due to the fact that the contemporary market economy does not support morality or value personal industry, Africans have joined the rest of the world, especially the west to adopt wholesomely the unethical means to sustaining their existence, since it is against logic to obey any law in a lawless society.

An automated teller Machine (ATM) is an electronic telecommunication device that enables customers of financial institutions perform financial transaction such as cash withdrawals, deposits, transfer funds or obtaining account information, at any time and without the need for direct interaction with bank staff.

ATMs were originally developed as cash dispensers and have evolved many other bank related function – paying routine bill, fees & taxes, printing or ordering bank statements, transferring money between linked accounts.

More often than not, consumers have come to depend on and trust the Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) to conveniently meet their banking needs. But in recent time there have been a proliferation of ATM challenges encountered by users across the globe.

Among them are:

Card blocking: here, the customer upon going to withdraw is been informed that his card has been blocked most times as a result of technical errors on the part of the bank. Banks constantly change their terms and conditions governing credit cards and usage.

In some instance it is as a result of change of terms and conditions by the bank. While banks usually inform these changes to the customers either by sending mailers or by putting these changes up on their website, a majority of these announcements go unnoticed. One such change in terms relates to blocking of cards depending on the usage, just to but mention but a few.

Cards could get trapped: This is not a good situation as there may be language problems and it may be difficult to fix the problem on the spot, especially if the ATM is not attached to a bank but is in some other location.

Withdrawal Limitation: This is a great challenge faced by customers as the not allowed more than a certain amount a day/week/month even in times of great necessity.

Network Fluctuation: The fluctuation rate of most ATM has made it unrealizable to the service of customers has perpetually interrupted withdrawal processes.
Recently, these challenges have yielded public discuss leading bankers and associates alike in the unending search on how to satisfy their customers properly.

Also, it has also yielded rising interest by [url=http://iprojectmaster.com/final-year-projects-materials/BANKING%20AND%20FINANCE]undergraduate students[/url] in institutions leading them in sacrificing a reasoning portion of their undergraduate projects to discussing it. It is no gain placing the fact that in some institutions this challenges have been over flogged in many [url=http://iprojectmaster.com/final-year-projects-materials/BANKING%20AND%20FINANCE]project topics[/url].

There has been a rising need by youngster to trace their origin from their roots. Consequently, reliance on the methodology established by history research projects and research materials has increased overtime as it offers a blueprint for research.
Moreover, before sojourning on this expedition, certain things need be taken into consideration, most especially the society in which one needs to go into.

The society is a great determinant to how information and evidences as regard one’s root could be gotten. The increasing need to trace one’s root need has If it is in a traditional society like that of Nigeria, one needs to rely majorly on oral tradition, on the other hand in a modernized society like the U.S, written and to a lesser extent oral tradition.

Oral Tradition: This has to do with the use of information passed down from one generation to another through words of the mouth. As such before one proceeds in making material findings, it is necessary to go into a session of interview. It makes no sense to spend days trawling database to find out your great-grandfather’s surname when someone in the family already knows it. This is the first step one should take with the aim of tracing one’s genealogy. It’s necessary one talks to either parents, uncles, aunts, cousins, grandparents.

In most families there is at least one person who keeps track of the extended network of relatives. Nevertheless, information gotten here should be handled with a health form of skepticism as bias might have it play in the verbal affirmation of family members so it’s always necessary to meet family friends, neighbors etc. Results gotten from this part with make room for further research.

Written Document: This will also help to an extent depending on the society in tracing in tracing one’s root. Written document here might be letters, work papers, church materials like baptismal certificate, school materials, amongst other.

However, in modernized societies where records/database are stored on net, tracing one’s genealogy could easily be done online through the use of some applications which, though it not really a trusted mean. So one still needs to rely on oral and written sources in making an authentic conclusion.

A quick perusal on accounting project topics in some ranking institutions in Nigeria reveals a scant interest concerning how often businesses should give report on the product and services the offer. The same, also is obtainable in relation to list of research topics in education.

A report is made with the specific intention of relaying information or recounting certain events in a way that is concise, factual and relevant to the audience at hand. In relation with business, that is business report is an evaluation or an assessment of a particular issue or set of circumstances or financial operations that relate to the performance of a business.

Even as a lot of things have been electronocized, reports remain an essential part of doing business. Business report are a valued tool for tracking and analyzing performance and overall business health and as such cannot be relegated to the background on business discuss. Having underscored the relevance of report in relation to business, the question comes, how often should a business give report on its product or services.

Certain things need to be taken into consideration in lieu of the question, among them are the business in question. Companies or institution may choose either to present reports daily, weekly or monthly depending on which will be convenient to them. It will, however not be proper to state categorically the one which will suit without knowing exactly the state of the business.

Regardless, I feel weekly reports is apt as it makes for quick assessment of the business before a dawn of a fresh week.

Running a business enterprise, basically online outfits without any attempt to make it public is like waiting for a train in your house. And just like you wouldn’t know when the train passes or gets to the station, you wouldn’t realize who your product is meant for or how far reaching it can go if you didn’t make any attempt to advertise it.

In the same vein, advertising Marketing project topics in Nigeria is as strategic as the project research itself. In this article, you will be exposed to not just tools for publicity, but also how best to establish a product presence in the mind of your prospective clients.

As much as advertising is necessary, it is also rewarding when done in the right way and with the right tool. Below are five key tools that can help;

Email marketing
This is one marketing tool that is far reaching than the business owner itself. It goes beyond measure to a host of the online community. It is very unique because only a handful of businesses have reconciled with the place of email marketing in their business and so do not see the need. So, this is an opportunity to join the train. If you can’t do it yourself, you can outsource.

Press releases
If you are grounded in the online business, you will agree with me that there is a strategy called search engine optimization. As such, publishing press releases with a top ranking press website gives your project business an edge over the competition. Your website’s content so published, stands the chance to be viewed by thousands of audiences of the press website.

Build credible connections
As much as more of your attention should be panned to the online community, it is also necessary that you invest in establishing credible relationships with people. They could be business partners, competitors, employees, clients, friends and well-wishers. Believe me; if you treat them well, they sure have a testimony to tell about your business.

Social media
It is no longer news that social media is a great tool for marketing products particularly in this era of digitization. To advertise a project website or topic, create accounts or page for the product in question using one username and long in details. That way, users will be sure it’s your product they are following or subscribing to. On the other hand, your product will earn better recognition in the eyes of search engines such as google in terms of url and keywords. .


Word of mouth
Aside machine based publicity, you should be able to tell students and other clients concerned how the thousands of final year project topics in your website can be of importance to them.

1.Methodology or paradigm: The selection of the programming paradigm, which determines what should be taught, must precede the selection of the first language, which influences how to teach it (Esendal, 1994).

The paradigm defines the framework within which the students are taught particularly concerning their [url=http://iprojectmaster.com/final-year-projects-materials/COMPUTER%20SCIENCE]computer science undergraduate projects[/url]. Programming paradigms are differentiated by the concepts that they emphasize (Watt, 2000). Imperative programming emphasizes procedures operating on (unencapsulated) variables; object-oriented programming emphasizes methods operating on (encapsulated) objects; functional programming emphasizes functions operating on immutable values; logic programming emphasizes predicates operating on immutable values; concurrent programming emphasizes processes exchanging messages (Watt, 2000).

The related issue of a single language versus multiple languages is another critical decision. The number of languages to cover in a course or curriculum involves a trade-off between breadth and depth (King, 1992).

2.Real or Customized: Regardless of the paradigm, a choice must be made between professional-grade and customised languages. A professional-grade language is one used in industry and is taught in its entirety (with the exception of very advanced features), via a commercially available environment (Esendal, 1994).

A professional-grade language like Java or C++ provides computer science undergraduates with experience and a real-life environment. Any problems encountered are those that will be encountered in real life, preparing students better for their professional lives (Esendal, 1994).

A customized language is one developed especially for teaching purposes or one that is a subset of a real language (Esendal, 1994). Customized languages such as Haskell and Eiffel separate learning programming from learning the details of a particular language (de Raadt et al., 2003), minimizing the technical problems that may distract from the learning process. Once students learn the fundamentals, they can apply their programming knowledge to any language (Esendal, 1994).

3.Cost of changing: Some educators naively think that there is little cost in changing programming languages because there are no serious consequences if a decision turns out badly. Lee and Phillips (2002) point out, however, that considerable overhead occurs in adopting a particular language, including preparation of lecture materials, developing projects and student exercises, evaluating and learning development environments and installing the chosen language, requesting and evaluating textbooks, and training personnel. Such overheads indicate that care should be taken when choosing a programming language because that choice is likely to impact the educator for several years.

Other criteria are:
• Availability of textbooks
• Language’s stage in life cycle
• System requirements of student/academic/full version
• Operating system dependence
• Open source (versus proprietary)
• Academic acceptance
• Industry acceptance
• Marketability (regional and national) of graduates
• Easy to use development environment
• Ease of learning basic concepts
• Support for target application domain (such as scientific or business)
• Full-featured language (versus scripting)
• Support for teaching approach (function first, object first or object early)
• Object-oriented support
• Good debugging facilities
• Support of web development
• Support for safe programming

To be at the verge of a career pursuit is what anyone craves for. From a very tender age, many find themselves aiming to become like one of the influential persons in their career choice. Although it does not always turn out to be so, they are likely to follow that path but blindly.

But before you go ahead to find your career quiz, you need to answer some basic questions. First, have you established a difference between your career and your passion? If yes, have you discovered the business part of your career, what sought of business lend themselves to your kind of career?

We need to take these questions one after the other.

What’s the difference between career and passion?

Your career is an aspect of your knowledge on which you choose to leverage on for livelihood. In other words, your career may not necessarily be your passion, but it should be able to earn you money and fame at most.

Secondly, your passion is an area of knowledge that we could call your talent, skill or something you could do out of will with or without money.

What kind of business lend themselves to my kind of career?

A similar question that could be raised in your mind right now is how to find your passion and make it your career. Sincerely, a fair number of persons wish to make their passion a blueprint for their career but do not know how. But that will be discussed in a while.

The kind of business that suits your career choice may not be what you really need at this time. I think the right question is what is the business aspect of my career? See the next line for answers.

Now, how do you discover the business part of your career?

Separate business from career

Some undergraduate project topics about administration has emphasized the need to separate business from you career objectives. That way you will be able to handle business as pure business and career as a career. Combining both, having been well defined, gives a better result.

Be sure it is a market need

Secondly, economics project topics and research has shown severally that business ideas come as a result of the market need. Choosing a career path, you must be careful it aligns with the current market need and to a large extent must stand the test of time in your business sphere.

Undertake a market survey

Another way to discover your career business is to undertake a market research. This will help you understand what area of your expertise best suits the current market situation and need and how you can help.

Consider a partnership with people of different capabilities

Mind you, you must not know it all. You could hire people who are more knowledgeable in different field of business to help. That’s what makes it a business not a mere career any more.

Human resources managers is understood to be someone that plan, direct, and coordinate the administrative functions of an organization. They oversee the recruiting, interviewing, and hiring of new staff. Resulting from the strategic point to which they occupy, they serve as a link between an organization’s management and its employees. They are the professionals responsible for attracting, motivating, and retaining the most qualified talent by directing the administrative functions of the HR department in fact the entire function intertwined in the vortex of human resource management.

Recently, there have been an increasing need by Human Resource Managers to know better how to manage their team and this is what this work sets out to do- how to manage a team properly.

Working Exemplary
Firstly, as the manager and leader, you should set good example in terms of your behavior and career activities. If you show up late, your team will be less punctual. If you lose your temper easily, others will be amiss in keeping their emotions in check. Strive to be your own ideal of the perfect worker, especially in front of the team.

Reward Excellence
A reward system will motivate employees by reaching targets and organizational goals in exchange for rewards. In fact, a strategic human resource planning cannot be done without an inclusion of a good reward system.

A reward system is great at motivating employees. In addition, a reward system will reduce absenteeism in the organization. Employees like being rewarded for a job well done and if there is a reward system in place, employees will be less likely to be ringing in sick and not showing up for work. Moreover, a reward system will also increase the employee's loyalty to the organization. By a reward system being in place the employee feels valued by the organization and knows that their opinion matters. The benefits of a good reward system cannot be overemphasized.

Maintain good communication
It is crucial to underscore here that communication is the bedrock of every relationship and as such for a proper management, one must maintain a good communication channel with her employees. Employees want to be kept in the know about ongoing projects, goals, and deadlines, so it’s essential that a good communication link be established in the organization. It is equally necessary to maintain an approachable countenance for feedback and accessibility by the employees.

Delegate jobs to the right people
One of the reasons why it’s necessary to build a good relationship with your team is that you may know their weakness and also where their strength lies. People perform better and are more engaged in roles where they feel they are employing their best skills, so delegating proper functions that suit each will have a significant impact on the productivity of the team.

Invest in training
Organization of quarterly or monthly in-house training, sending employees to conferences, workshop programmes need be initiated in order to sharpen and improve the skills of the team for effective delivery. With the advancement of technology, the way businesses are run have changed and the need for more training incentives is critical. Organizing both virtual or face-to face training can show a significant rise in performance with employees being able to utilize new skills.

Set goals.
A proper and efficient working the must be a set of realistic and achievable goals to which everyone pursues for the growth of the company. Setting these goals both long term and short term is a foundation for every task they set out to complete each day. Being enthusiastic about the outcome and motivating each other with positive reinforcement will help the team members to make sure that they work with a sense of the big picture, knowing why every task they do is necessary for achieving a longer-term goal.

Share in joyous and sorrowful moment of employees
Sharing in the joy cum sad moments of employees is a perfect way of connecting more with them. An instance where an employee is bereaved of his mother/father/love ones alike, going on a visit to show support to his/her will send a message of love and family as it is one of the best ways of connecting with employees. In addition, instances like wedding, child dedications, graduation etc. are also worth a joint celebration. Sharing in moments like these also brings the team together.

Know each other.
It is never an obligation to become best friends on a personal level with team members. However, having a monthly or quarterly outing or engaging in some offsite socializing can give the team members a chance to appreciate one another for more than just the job they do. Getting to know the people you work with helps you understand their style of work and how to have constructive discussions with them on tough days. When you put the effort in to get to know a bit more about how your colleagues are doing and what they are interested in, it will build a much better rapport among the team.

Marshall Goldsmith opined that, “a good leader is only as good as his team”. This quote summarizes the responsibilities and also emphasizes the role of the manager to the success of his team, the entire vortex of human resources management is dependent on him. Moreover, his ability of being a good manager is predicated upon how he interacts with his employees, which this work has clearly outlined the “how” of being a good manager.

It’s really adorable when you see a glowing skin from afar. You will be so proud of yourself if that’s one achievement you can boost of. You know why? It has a way of pulling all eyes to you; so also does a bad skin.

As much as a healthy skin does not determine the reality of human state of health, it has a way of creating a class distinction in the midst of a crowd. Look, you need care for your skin in your own little way. It does not cost you anything to keep your face free from acne, rashes, boils etc. Just keep a little practice, give it time and thank me later.

Let’s go back to the meat of this article. Many health education project topics have been documented on healthy living. But here are four simple tips that can help you nurture your skin to a sweetheart.

Maintain a specific type of soap and cream
Quit changing cream and soap all the time. Toiletries give better results when used in a constant basis. The human skin is very fragile and does not hesitate to react to any new thing that comes its way, including the creams and soaps you use.

Avoid using hash acne therapies
Quite a number of persons, particularly women have fallen victim of this. Acne is one skin disease that is set to settle in your face as long as you give it attention. What do I mean; it is not advisable to keep picking your face all the time or trying to use hash lotions for quick results. It is best to keep your hands off and maintain a single kind of body lotion.

Avoid tight Jeans
Countless times, Jeans have been recorded in research materials for students to have caused more harm than good to ladies especially those who take to wearing tight fitted ones. A tight jean limits the rate of blood flow in your body system. As such, some blood particles are left off along the joint veins hence the red and greeny strips along the back side of the knee cap.

Eat a lot of coconut
Coconut contains a healthy vitamin that answers basically to the skin. The vitamin E content gives you are glowing skin even without an artificial additives. You can eat it or extract the oil for your face or hair.

Your skin is so delicate and deserves the best treat you can afford. Invest in it and expect a payback in whatever kind.

This is a small advice from professional project writers at iprojectmaster.com

Avoid Ambiguous Words and Complex Grammar:
An abstract is like a slight show of the whole project. Complex and ambiguous words/sentences may discourage readers from reading the full content and therefore losing interest in your research.

Avoid Losing Focus:
When writing an abstract, it is advisable to hit on key points. It is terrible to beat around the bush; when you lose focus, the reader gets confused, so leave all definitions and histories for your introduction.

Avoid Lengthy Abstracts:
Abstracts are meant to be brief and concise and ideally a 100 words. Avoid writing numerous pages because an ideal abstract should be on a single page, unless your supervisor requests for more.

Avoid Writing Abstracts before a complete Study:
Abstracts come after findings, data analysis, interpretation and recommendations. An abstract is meant to be a summary of your entire work; hence it should be written after you have conducted your study.

Social media is an interactive computer mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interest and other forms of expression. As the day goes by, it grows rapidly and is becoming a vital part of our everyday life. In some climes, it’s registered as one of the best things to have happened to this generation yet its effects are far reaching especially to students.

visit eduprojects.ng to see other departments

Increases dependency on the media
Students increasingly begin to depend heavily on information available on the social media platform specifically in order to get answers. This in turn reduces their learning and research capabilities.

Exposure to erotic scenes
Also, social media exposes students to erotic scenes like pornographically oriented pictures and videos which in turn affects the psychological buildup of such student and eventually leads to poor result as regard their academic.

Stiff Addiction to the Internet
In addition, exposing students to social media results in addiction as students feel so fixed on their gadgets and it becomes more or less a distraction to them. This results in them wasting judicious time on social platforms without any gain from it.

However, the benefits of social media cannot be over emphasized as it helps students gain wider knowledge and this helps students enhance their academic performance. Most especially, in this era of technology where lectures are given online and students can stay at the comfort of their rooms to receive lectures. Also it provides student accessibility to material through their gadgets.
To this, we can maintain that though social media has it negative influence on student, still we can’t argue more on its resultant increasing benefit to students. To read more on this check, Influence of Social Media

As consistent writers of all things research, be it final year projects or thesis, we at iprojectmaster.com have come to identify signs that make a bad project topic.

• Incompatibility – When your project topic has absolutely nothing to do with your area of study. And it can also be when you know absolutely nothing about your chosen topic. When you find yourself in this margin, you need to change your topic, whether it was forced on you by your supervisor or not. One might say that after all it is a research work, but if you don’t have the interest, your research will be sloppy.

• Forgetfulness – When you can’t even recall the topic of your project days after it had been approved. My dear, it shows lack of interest on your side and the best and first step of getting a good project is the writer’s interest.

• Supervisor’s Awe – It might seem like a funny point but it is necessary that your supervisor seem, at least, interested in your research topic, if not awed. It points to the fact that your research is interesting and not just the same old story from eons past.

• Conflicting Materials: When your research result is in conflicting content for the research, then you have to abandon that topic like it’s hot. Those kind of researches are for those that will make money from a published book, not for grading projects.

• Broad Area of Study: When your topic is too broad and requires multiple research methodologies, run the other way. For final year projects, especially for students with limited funds, choose topics that can be minimally managed.

An forecast into the future of work in this era shows that freelancing has great chances of being the future of work, not just in Nigeria but in every sphere of human endeavor.

Caught in this web, a number of remote workers, especially freelance writers have evolved over the years. While some have already made a name, others are still struggling to be in their feet.

How then do you become a successful freelance writer?

Determine what you want to write about
It's not just about writing. It's about what you write about and how you write. You must reconcile with yourself what area of writing you want to specialize on.You be content writer, blogger, project writer etc.

Join an online freelance platform
The best place to hook up with your prospective clients is in freelance websites. Websites like iproject.com.ng allow freelancers including writers to perform their tasks in an atmosphere saturated with trust. On this platform, you can write projects, submit it and a good percentage each time the project is sold.

Sample your personal profile credibly.
Freelancers are urged to provide a detailed profile of themselves. This helps their clients to weight the level of credibility attached to their work. Buyers want to know how much you know about what you do.

Always be available
If you must be successful, you need to make yourself available to conversations, negotiations and interrogations.It could be online, physical and otherwise. Never try making up excuses for your absence.

keep to time
Time is money in business. Remember that the best advertiser is a satisfied client.Be at your best to deliver task within the stipulated time frame. And get ready for a big hit.

Building a remote business requires much more than a tech experience.
Many other relevant considerations must come into play to make the business succeed.

Cedric Savarese, in his opinion has discussed a number of ideas that could help you grow your remote business into success. These ideas ranges from the least trivial to the most significant of all. they include the following.

Build a culture of trust and accountability: Measure productivity not from the hours spent sitting in a chair in sight of your corner office, but from results achieved. Let go of your desire to micromanage employees' time. They’ll appreciate the flexibility and trust, and with the right culture and team dynamic, they’ll be the best team you’ve ever worked with.

Related: Accountability in the public sector

When hiring, look for characteristics that make a successful remote worker: One of the most important skills we look for is being a good, proactive communicator. We test this during our hiring process by giving an assignment to our preferred candidates. We’re just as interested in how the candidate collaborates with us throughout the project as the quality of the work itself. Poor communication skills will likely result in the remote employee feeling more isolated and directionless.

Invest in technology to support remote workers: Technology tools are crucial to ensure success of remote teams. Chat software, like Slack, replace the informal interactions that occur in a physical office -- co-workers dropping by each other’s work space or peeking over the cubicle wall to ask a quick question.The right chat solution should overtake most email, phone and in-person exchanges. It allows real-time interactions or works as an inbox when needed.

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1. Attend all your classes...in all your semesters and sessions.

2. Make sure your assignments and term papers are well researched and submitted on time.

3. Take notes in class, they really help when you are studying for exams.

4. Listen to your lecturers when they are lecturing and even when they are not lecturing…no matter how boring they sound, listen to them; words of wisdom occasionally spews forth.

5. If you managed to succeed in listening to your boring lecturer, I can assure you that it will come in handy when your brain refuses to recall what you had crammed while studying for exams.

6. By this time, people are already viewing you as a good student and your tests must be showing good results too...try and take a break…

7. It is very pertinent to live a little...hang out with friends, party a bit, go to church, join motivational groups, but make your studies paramount in all your activities.

8. At some point, the much dreaded project compilation will become a reality and when it does...visit iprojectmaster.com. …where awesome project topics await your perusal.

If you need to hire a writer we are always available to help in the compilation.

In Academia, students are expected to do a lot of rigorous academic activities. These activities could be in the form of writing, drawing, singing and other practical activities they undertake in partial fulfillment of the their course requirements. One of the many rigorous academic writing that students undertake is writing reviews.

Writing literature reviews is most obtainable among education students who in one way or the other are required to follow a sequential procedure in their writing. Below are procedures for writing literature review in education.

Related:Impact of guidance and counseling on students academic performance

• Introduction
• Conceptual framework
• Theoretical framework
• Empirical framework
• Summary of literature

Introduction
Researcher or Project student are expected to state or explain what the chapter will contain. Example, conceptual framework, theoretical framework, empirical framework etc. A good introduction gives the project supervisor a confidence in his/her project student.

Conceptual Framework
A good conceptual framework will cover all the research objectives so as to help solve the problem of the research work. This section involves the use of diagrams to explain certain key variables in the research work.

Theoretical Framework
This section is very important in research work. Researchers and Students are expected to search for theories that are related to their research work (project topic).
For instance, consider the project topic on human resources management: work life balancing and its effects on employee productivity; the theories suits for the above research topic are: (a) Spill-over Theory (b) Segmentation theory (c) Border Theory (d) Compensation Theory (e) Resource Drain Theory. A research student must provide theories that relate to his or her research work/topic.

Empirical Framework
The empirical framework is talking about various researches done by other researchers concerning your research topic. It is also known as peoples research work that are similar to you own research topic. The names of the various researches must be attached to their findings or statement. For example, according to Androameda (2007), the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning geography in senior secondary schools has significant impact on the level of academic performance of students.

Summary
The research student is expected to point out or summarize his or her view concerning what was discussed on each section of the literature review. i.e from introduction to empirical framework.

The purpose of a literature review is:

• To survey the current state of knowledge or evidence in the area of inquiry,
• To identify key authors, articles, theories, and findings in that area, and
• To identify gaps in knowledge in that research area.
With the format above, a research student will be able to present a good and awesome literature review in education.

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While large business outfits may require a long, distant and most times a formal way of interacting with their employees, small businesses on the other hand may make the most of a loose communication pattern. Which ever be the case, the fact that every business must adopt a relationship pattern between the management and the employee, that suits it business outfit should not be over emphasized.

However, to be sure your employees are largely inspired to work with you and to be sure that their level of motivation and engagement at work place is above 65%, some or all of these tips provided below can be of great help.

Related: effect of employee motivation

Try having lunch with them
Employees typically have a few favorite spots they tend to hit for lunch each day. You should join your employees when they do lunch at these spots from time to time. It will give you a chance to strike up a conversation in a casual setting. In a low-pressure environment outside of the office, you'll have a chance to build a rapport and employees may be more likely to share feedback they wouldn't normally bring up at an all employee meeting.

Target inluencers among them
Targeting influencers is part of every smart marketing strategy. So, why not take this same approach when thinking about your employees? While you should make the time to get to know as many employees as possible, a good place to start may be by identifying those who are managing large teams or actively participating in employee networks. Make an effort to connect with these employees on a regular basis. These influencers are important partners for you in disseminating the messages you want to get out.

Share your Knowledge
Maybe you've discovered a new business podcast that you particularly like or a new research study on your industry. Sharing work-appropriate personal anecdotes and interests is a simple way to lay common ground between yourself and your employees. It's also an opportunity to share your insights, align around objectives and inspire those you work with to do the same.

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Employee relations is one of the best things you can do to improve productivity at work and a cost effective strategy aswell. It may seem expensive at first, trying to invest on your employee training. But in the long run, you will realize that it saved you a lot more than constant employee turn over and the stress of hiring a professional.

The true cost of replacing employees can be twice their base salaries depending on their wage, role and experience. The cost of replacing high performers who often deliver 400 percent more in productivity than their average counterpart can be higher still. This simply tells that some business do apply wrong approach to their business growth which may backfire.

Related topics on business investment

First of all, Some companies either willingly or unwillingly instill not-so-best practices that can make employees not just unhappy but downright dejected. Often companies don't communicate properly. Or, worse, they just assume everyone already knows what they are supposed to do. So poor communication limits productivity generally.

Many companies do not take employee training seriously. Just having a rulebook rarely suffices to help employees understand the nuances of their job. An IBM study revealed that employees who do not feel they are developing in a company are 12 times more likely to leave it. Many times companies see employee training as an expense rather than investment and end up paying dearly in terms of low productivity and high turnover.

Too many companies use interns to do the heavy lifting. Many people would rank this practice in the same category as kicking a puppy, but shortchanging interns is a surprisingly common practice in the startup world. Interns are promised nebulous, performance-based incentives including stock options that never materialize to squeeze every last bit of performance out of them for free.

Investing in your employees is a great business opportunity. It builds you a solid reputation in the marketplace. All companies want to attract the best possible talent over to their camp. But who in their right of mind would want to work with a company that treats its members as disposable assets?

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As a marketing student, the class room experience is obviously not all that you need especially in this era f technology everything. A smart marketing student needs to acquainted with his or self with essesntial

. Content Marketing and Search Engine Optimization (Seo)
Closing business used to be a matter of the hard sell, but this is no longer the case. Consumers today have become more skeptical of direct pitches. Instead, they’re seeking out firms that have demonstrated their expertise, can educate them, and that can help address their challenges.

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As they seek out such firms, buyers are searching online, and the businesses that rank highly in search engines enjoy a marked advantage. Search engine optimization (SEO) isn’t new, but the discipline has undergone fundamental changes in the span of only a few years.

It is crucial that students learn how businesses use educational content to demonstrate expertise and educate prospects, projecting their knowledge and problem-solving approach over a variety of modern marketing channels. This encompasses everything from writing engaging blogs to utilizing online video.

Similarly, students must know how to optimize that content for visibility in search engines according to up-to-date best practices. SEO is just one area where out-of-date information could cause a student to put their future firm’s marketing program at risk.

2. Social Media
Many college students today are already social media mavens, using a variety of platforms regularly in their personal lives. This doesn’t necessarily translate to fluency in social media for business, however. In the marketing industry, social media is a way to promote content, showcase a firm’s culture and brand, connect with prospects and industry influencers, demonstrate expertise, and more.

Students seeking marketing jobs have to understand how to use social media to generate website referral traffic and increase firm visibility, and how social media relates to being found in search engines. Their knowledge has to go beyond everyday use–they need to know the ins-and-outs of LinkedIn Groups, Google+ Communities, social advertising, and other features.

3. Technical Skills
Students need to understand how different types of content such as blogs, ebooks, and webinars serve different audience needs.
Additionally, students should be familiar with the most common types of software that drive a modern digital marketing program. Many firms today require jobseekers to have experience with specific software–teaching some of these tools in-depth would give students a serious advantage.
Important types of marketing software include:

 Email marketing software
 Social media management software and analytics
 Google Analytics
 Customer relationship management (CRM) software
 Content management systems (CMS)

While internships may supply some students with experience in some of these technologies, not every student can manage or afford such internships–and technology is an ideal topic for in-depth examination in the classroom.

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The aim of technological inventions is to reduce the level of human intervention in our daily activity. Iproject as a user oriented research website is focused on making its its online presence user friendly by providing quick guides to their website navigation.

One of the guide you going to be introduced to day is how to request for a research material on on our website.

How do I request for a project on iproject?

1. Visit iproject.com.ng

2. Search your desired research topic via the search project catalog

3. If you found the topic you need, simply place and order

4. If you didn't find what you need, use the contact details provided to reach an administrator.

5. Make payments when required

6. Provide necessary evidence for payment

7. Get the complete research material.

Some of the steps that can help you become a good broadcaster are:

• Prepare in High School
High school media classes can help you gain familiarity with the process of researching, editing and presenting a story aurally or visually, especially if your school supports a radio or television station.

• Earn a Bachelor’s Degree
A bachelor’s degree is helpful when seeking work in the highly competitive broadcast industry.

[url=https://www.iprojectmaster.com/final-year-projects-materials/MASS%20COMMUNICATION]More of mass communication topics[/url]

• Gain Experience
Volunteering and participating in an internship are two possible methods of gaining experience.

• Pursue a Job
According to the U.S. Bereau of labour statistics (BLS), in 2014 and estimated 49,300 people worked as reporters and correspondents, 5,100 worked as analysts and 42,300 worked as radio and television announcers.

• Advance your Career
Your advancement is a matter of accumulating experience and demonstrating talent. As an announcer or analyst, you may also try to move from smaller to a large market, or become a station manager or program manager if administration interests you.

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Doing a project research is what every final year student, especially in the tertiary institution are required to do, as part of their course requirements. This also does not guarantee that every student know well how to choose a good project topic.

Choosing project topics for academic research often follow a rigorous process without which the topic may be ruled off. You will learn how to choose a good project topic at the end of this article.

Choosing a project topic requires the following

Must be a topic of interest
Choosing a project topic requires that it must be a topic related to your field of interest. You must understand that you need not struggle to understand some terms related to such topic. The more you have interest, the more you want to sacrifice more to enrich your work.

The topic must be researchable
A topic is researchable when it bears the necessary variables. You must include the dependent and independent variables in the topic. This means that you must have an entity in mind to study.

It must be practicable
A project topic should not be abstract in nature. It should include the problems, solutions or prospects of every day activity. It will also help you find earlier literature written on such issues.

Click to see various dept research topics

Data analysis in an academic research constitutes the chapter four of the research work. This is where the researcher gives a statistical analysis of the research findings. This phase of the project work uses a lot of tables, charts, graphs, etc.

Due to its demanding nature, quite a number of persons can round it up successfully without complications. The meat of this article is therefore to show you where and how to hire a data analyst for your project chapter four.

How to hire a data analyst

1.Visit projectclue.com

2. click on hire a data analyst on the page menu (up)

3. Go on! fill in the e-form correctly

4. Click submit

As a project website, iproject.com.ng provides students with research materials such as projects seminar, project proposals etc. We also happy to announce a new version of iproject that is up to benefit interested number of users.

iproject 2.0 is the newest version of iproject that allows you to sell your academic project and resource materials under your very supervision. This is how to benefit from this version.

Sell academic contents
You no longer have to dump your final year project copies at the mercy of your supervisor. You can now upload the soft copy of your project on iproject and make money on every purchase of your project.

Be in control
On every sale made on your project, you get 40% gain. You stand the chance to share your project with a number of other persons and get much more than you ever thought.

Be an Admin
As a co-owner of a project material in iproject 2.0, you will have control of an admin. dash board. In that way, you will be able to upload resource materials, edit, and share it on you social media platforms from your end.

Be a freelance researcher
This new version of iproject also gives you the privilege of being a freelance researcher. This means that you may choose to write on any research topic of interest and get paid for it.

You should think of the project proposal as a contract between you, your advisor, your industry supervisor and/or reader. The project proposal does not need to be very long - three to six pages is typical.

The project proposal should be in the following form:

1. Introduction and background:
This section sets the stage for motivating the work you will do. Outline what has already been done in the field of interest, and in particular, describe the limitations or shortcomings of the current state of the art that your work will address or improve.

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2. What you will do:
State here as specifically as you can what you will do for your project work and how it differs from what has already been done before by the rest of the world.

3. Evaluation of your work:
Address two important issues here: (1) how you will know when your work is completed, and (2) how you will evaluate how well you have done. While you may work on a wide variety of topics, no proposal or project will be accepted unless it includes a viable form of evaluation.

4. Deliverables:
State here what artifacts you will leave behind. Minimally, this will form the basis your analysis/technical report, which ultimately could contain code, a hardware prototype, a working demonstration system, etc. In the proposal, however, merely mention these "artifacts".

5. Expected timetable:
Include here the major milestones in the project and the expected completion date.

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During research works, most researchers or project students find it difficult to calculate the adequate sample size of their project research work. The determination of sample sizes comes up before questionnaires are drafted and sent into the field to get data for analysis. Miscalculation of sample sizes may lead to outright cancellation of research/project work by project supervisors as conclusions reached from the uncalculated sample size would not be precise enough in making a generalisation on the hypothesis under study.

The essence of adequate calculation of sample sizes is so that the conclusions reached after analysis can be generalized to the entire population under study.

As a result of our love for research, we have decided to teach students and researchers on the most reliable and effective way of calculating sample size for their project and research works. Below is one of the generally accepted methods in sample size calculation


THE TARO YAMANE METHOD

Taro Yamane , a mathematical statistician developed a statistical formular for calculating or determination of sample size in relation to the population under study so that inferences and conclusions drawn after the survey can be generalized to the entire population from which the sample was gotten.

The Taro Yamane statistical formular is thus:


n = N/ 1+ N(e)2

In the formular above;

n is the required sample size from the population under study

N is the whole population that is under study

e is the precision or sampling error which is usually 0.10,0.05 or 0.01

Example:

Using the Taro Yamane’s statistical formular to determine the adequate sample size of say 300 respondents under study. This would hence be



n = N/ 1+ N(e)2

N=300; e= 0.1; e2= 0.01

n = 300/1+ 300(0.1)2

n= 100.

Therefore, a sample size 100 respondents out of the entire population of 300 respondents would therefore be the lowest acceptable number of responses to maintain a 95% confidence level.

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Over the years, proper citation has been the watch word for all researchers (undergraduates or post-graduates) and project supervisors in Nigeria. The essence of citation is to control the level of plagiarism in project/research work. As the research world continues to grow, different types of citations continue to evolve. But the main focus of this article is to educate undergraduate, post-graduate students and other researchers on how to do a footnote style in-text citation for their research work.

Before we go into the discussion proper we shall first of all understand what citation and footnotes are all about.

Citation: citation could simply be defined as a kind of reference to a published or unpublished research sources. To clearly understand what a citation is all about; we could say a citation is combination of abbreviated and alphanumeric expression that are embedded in the body of a research work that usually denote an entry in the reference.

Footnote: footnote is simply a kind of information which is usually printed at the bottom of a page in a research work.

Footnote style in-text citation is a kind of citation where we use numbers to cite a research project work but the numbering will follow in an arranged order in the bibliographic references. Take a good look at the examples below:

[center]According to Blurton (2002), information communication technology is referred to as diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, disseminate, store and manage information. Technologies in ICT include Radio and Television (broadcasting technology) telephony, computers and the internet. Information communication technology application in education his tremendously changed the way education is concerned and delivered to students. Safint Hogue and Shfiul Alam (2010) believed that information communication are enablers that optimize students centred pedagogical method. At the tertiary level, ICT based education such as e- learning, distance education or virtual campus and virtual learning is fast gaining ground worldwide and Nigeria is not left out of this revolution.

Sample References

Safint Hogue & Shfiul Alam (2010). "Which Room is the Virtual Seminar in Please?" Education

and Training,, 44(3), 112- 121.[/center]

But in the footnote style in-text citation, we can follow this format below:

Information communication technology is referred to as diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, disseminate, store and manage information. Technologies in ICT include Radio and Television (broadcasting technology) telephony, computers and the internet. Information communication technology application in education his tremendously changed the way education is concerned and delivered to students [1].

Information communications are enablers that optimize students’ centered pedagogical method. At the tertiary level, ICT based education such as e- learning, distance education or virtual campus and virtual learning is fast gaining ground worldwide and Nigeria is not left out of this revolution [2].

Sample References
Safint Hogue & Shfiul Alam (2010). "Which Room is the Virtual Seminar in Please?" Education and Training,, 44(3), 112- 121.

Credit: Uniprojectmatrial.com

Setting goals is what everyone of us resolve to doing but the question of how many actually implements the goals raises a dust in the atmosphere. It also happens that some, just like me do not really see the need of setting goals most times. But along the line I came to realize that no matter how much we fight it, neglect it, ignore it, setting goals is considerably useful if you must reach the mark in time.

Caught in this web, Gene Marks has recommended three rules to setting business goals. Although these rules has his personal biases, it covers a wide range of goal needs for many especially in business. They include the following;

Each Goal Must Be Within the Goal Setter’s Control
Don’t just say “increase sales 25 percent” or “get 17 new clients.” Too many outside factors can affect the achievement of goals like this. Instead, base your goals on real facts (addressing a backlog or meeting a forecast, for example) and make each one accomplish-able mostly by hard work – like finishing a project or completing certain tasks that move the company forward.

More on Achieving Organisational Objectives

Each Goal Must Be Quantifiable
The goal should be clear enough so that there’s no argument about whether it’s been reached or not. A final, signed-off contract, a working prototype, an asset that can be touched, a number that’s clearly stated on a report – these are examples of quantifiable goals. They are either accomplished or they’re not. In most universities, an “A” is achieved with a test score above 93. You either get it or you don’t. Your goals should follow the same rule.

Everyone’s Goals Are Reviewed on a Specific Day
There are people who do and people who manage those who do. The ones who manage are the ones who take the time to set and monitor goals for everyone they manage. That’s why they make the big bucks. To keep the business rolling, you must keep track of every activity on daily bases.

These are Marks' opinion on implementing goals. It worked for his client hope it will work for you too.

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A close look at business enterprises that excel among the lot in their industry reveals that there is a practice they keep that others actually neglect. Business can be really competitive and demanding at times but the very smart CEOs peep outside the business box for inspiration. That's exactly the call to action for this article. Look outside your business for inspiration if you must make a hit .

Thinking outside can mean anything to anybody anywhere. But for the sake of business and this article, the following are how business owners can think beyond their business horizon fro motivation;

Draw knowledge from external pools ones in a while
Outside minds, then, can help business leaders improve their companies by offering insight they lack the experience and perspective to provide. By being insiders, we can all lose objectivity and face a lot of creative blockage. Shaking up the status quo by introducing new pools of knowledge is a productive way to solve old problems with untapped
insights.

Related: [url=https://projectclue.com/search.php?q=business%2Bincome]More on increasing business income[/url]

Emulate good practices
Isn't it surprising how what works for one may not work for the other? It all depends on what it is you are trying to create, improve or solve. Are you a shoe store that wants to achieve excellence in customer service? If so, you would be limiting yourself. Find out which companies, regardless of industry, really are the best of the best in customer service, and see how you can emulate or adopt their practices.

Know where to look
One reason business leaders fail to look outside their industry may be the uncertainty of where exactly to look. It’s easy to stay inside a box because you know what’s in it and what to do with it. Once you step outside, there are dozens or more boxes you could explore. How on earth is one to choose, especially if the entire point is to examine unexpected correlations?

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well the best direction to look is back to your business. If you can identify what your weaknesses are, and what you really need, then it will be lot easier knowing where to find it.

Every business at some point must come to meet a challenging situation. Even the richest of CEOs can attest to this. What make a difference is your approach towards resolving such issues. The above listed opinions will not only help your business thrive n the mist of competition, it will also inspire a hit in a bit.