meobizy:
Stay awake then. Try to spend two full days awake since sleep is for lazy people.

Learn comprehension plz, I never assert that sleep is for lazy people, I just find it difficult even when I want to sleep.

Though I stay in Nigeria, I usually wake up by 4 even though I sleep late.
It's not everybody that enjoy sleeping.

Nilx:
Peace of mind and no oppression.... sitar home church is the best

the oppression can motivate you.

CSTRR:
For example, if I were the NUC chairman, I would tell those Nigerian students in Ghana, if they are not in the University of Ghana or the kwame Nkrumah university of science and technology, na akara paper Dem hold as certificate.

Akara paper �������

Resource curse in Nigeria: are natural resources a blessing or a curse? By ibitomi olawale olalowo
I call petroleum the devils excrement. It brings trouble, waste, corruption, consumption, our public services fall apart, and debt- a debt we shall have for years….
Juan perez aafonso
The economist, may 22,2003.
Resource curse refer to the paradox that countries with an abundance of natural resource have less economic growth than countries that do not possess these natural resources. An abundant of natural resource can bring great prosperity and also have the opposite effect, weaker economy, democracy, less development and in some cases internal division is the paradox of plenty, also known as the resource curse. Countries abundant in natural resource are often thought off are the lucky one, but in reality the reserve is the case. Natural resource can be a burden on the country economy tighten the fate of the country citizen to the oscillating around the commodity market (just like the fluctuation in the Nigeria oil market), opening the door for corruption and exploitation. Resource can leave the economy unbalance as investment and skill labour become skewed toward the abundant of resource.
With abundant of natural resource Nigeria is among the 30 countries in the world with the widest gap between the rich and the poor. According to governmental data from 2020, the Gini coefficient in Nigeria was 35.1 points as of 2019. The Gini index gives information on the distribution of income in a country. In an ideal situation in which incomes are perfectly distributed, the coefficient is equal to zero.
There are six parameters that signified if there is resource curse: Dutch disease, excessive borrowing, corruption, government complacency, neglect of education and violent uprisings. (RC=F(dd,eb,co,gc,ne,vu)
Dutch disease: Dutch disease often crowd out other economic sector leaving the economy to be mono-economy, thereby creating unbalance. A formal definition of Dutch disease, an economic phenomenon wherein both the rapid development of one sector of the economy and the decline of other sectors lead to the substantial appreciation of the domestic currency. Recall before the discovery of oil in 1950s agriculture was the main stay of Nigeria economy, each region were self sustainable with agriculture product that generate massive revenue that was use to service those region.
Excessive borrowing: Blessed are the youth for they shall inherit the debt of their forefathers. Any economy that operate on a mono-economy, usually face this problem. When there is fluctuation in the oil market, and government revenues fall short of its expenditure, government borrows. Over the years, this process has left most government with massive outstanding debts, reasonable borrowing to finance essential sector is okay. But excess borrowings without appropriate planning for investment may lead to heavy debt burden and interest payment, which in turn may create several undesirable effects on the economy.
Government complacency: Nigeria, like most countries owning such important resource is in a situation where there is complacency and lack of attention when it comes to the need for economic diversification. Although several administration have come up with paper work on how to diversify the economy. The resource curse has been the barrier.
Neglect of education: there has been serious neglect of the educational sector, funding for education has been reduced and is far below the needs for institution. Academicians have been owned salaries for months. This has been an attempt to crowd out human capital, which is a major challenge for many countries that rely on natural resources, resource poor countries, on the other hand have made enormous effort with regard to education and investment in education, a good example are the Asia tiger countries, most especially Japan who is a resource poor country, education have contributed in part to their economic success.
Violent uprisings: another major challenge and problem related to the presence of resource ( of oil in Nigeria) has been the steady rise in violence in oil-producing area, armed militant who refer to themselves as freedom fighter. It’s instructive to note that, by 1999 to date oil related unrest has assumed a frightening dimension in the Niger Delta region, the same attribute show case with the discovery of gold in zamfara in the northwestern part of Nigeria.
Corruption (rent-seeking): in a resource rich country like Nigeria, extractive industries pay rent to government, and government use those fund for public expenditure and citizen are less prone to monitor government spending. This begins as the genesis of resource curse. Imagine resource poor countries, where citizen pay tax to the government, government uses these fund for public expenditures, while the citizen are more likely to scrutinize the spending.
Conditions often summed up as the resource curse can, in fact be avoided. Though there are some countries that defy the resource curse in the western world, my interest goes to the only country in sub-Saharan Africa that defy resource curse which is Botswana.
When do resources become curse? The big question is your government accountable to the people when the money start coming in? Resources are money, money is power and unless the government is accountable to the people of the country, there will be resource curse.

Youth and proliferation of small and light weapons.
Ibitomi olawale olalowo
Ibitomiolawale18@gmail.com.

Proliferation of small arms and light weapon has had and continue to have devastating consequences on the future of the youth in Nigeria and sub-Saharan African, this is due to their lethal efficient nature, easy accessibility, indiscriminate usage and devastating havocs they often used to wreak in the societies. Small arms denote weapon designed for individual use, such as pistols, sub-machine gun, assault rifles, while light weapon include: heavy machine guns, hand-held under barrel and mounted grenade launchers. The proliferation of small arms and light weapon are the primary cause of violence among the youth who tend to held the atmosphere of superiority, also small arms and light weapon contribute to lingering crises we have in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa.
Article 2 of the draft international firearm protocol define the proliferation of small arms and light weapon as the illicit firearms trafficking as “the importing, exporting, acquisition, sale, delivery and movement of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition from or across the territory of one state party to that of another state party without the authorization of or violation of the regulation or legislation of any of the state parties concerned. The biggest factor that contribute to increase in demand for fire arms among youth is the persistent conflict that have occurred and those that are projected to happen in the future, this is the summaries perspectives of youth who live in a crisis prone area, “when you carry a gun, you feel like you are a human being” , ideally we are all human being but the ideal of being able to defend yourselves against external threat who has access to gun motive or gives incentive to youth to acquire weapon. Insecurity and conflict are the fundamental factor that contribute to the proliferation of small arms and light weapon in Nigeria and sub-Africa at large, recently retired General TY Danjuma, the current minister for defence major general Bashir Magashi, governor Aminu Masari and governor Samuel Ortom of Kastina and Beune state respectively call for self defence, these are the instance that increase proliferation of small arms and light weapon among the youth.
Firearms among youth have contributed significantly to the formation of militarized behavior, attitude and world-view, which have promoted the mentality of resolving differences with guns, social vices behavior like street gang, armed robbery, cult clash, rape, kidnapping and banditry, all these social vice has one general undertone factor that motive them, it’s the availability and accessibility of small arms and light weapon, The use of gun has become a channel of communication in expressing grievance which seems to have become fashionable among the youth.
According to small arms survey (2007), small arms in Africa are distributed among their users as follows. 79% are in the hand of civilian (youth): 16% of the military: 3% of the police and 2%of the insurgents, it intuitively suggests in Africa, more arms are in the hand of youth than the security agencies. I was fortunate to participate as a sub-committee co-chair on silencing gun in Africa a reality or an illusion. most of the general respondent of people interview in crisis area are summaries as follows “ you will be surprise on the range, types and number of weapon they bring out during crisis, these are people you know during period of peace, the caliber and weapon display are no match with the Nigerian police”. Some of the weapons are automatic ones which are made from the factories, and then local production by blacksmith and our welders. They are also very lethal because they fire and cause havoc.
According to kytomaki (2015) more than 2000 people are killed as a consequence of armed violence as a result of availability of small arms and light weapon was estimated to be between 500,000 and 750,000 people are killed annually. Putting into the consideration the proportion of arms conflict in nigeria ranging from kidnapping, banditry, cult clashes, armed robbery and the chief, boko haram insurgence. Therefore, small arms and light weapon proliferation remain a factor in conflict, the displacement of people, organized crimes and act of terrorisms.

Effect of small arms and light weapon proliferation on the youth.
The adverse effect of small arms and light weapon proliferation on youth comprises of three broad component, these are the alienated right and freedom, development and governance. The presence of firearms threatens the lives and livelihood of individual as they go about their daily activities.
The alienated right and freedom to which all human are entitled, is usually the first and most important area that is seriously affected by the proliferation of small arms and light weapon. Various group seek to acquire weapons in order to exercise their will or enforce control on other, a typical illustration is the persistent cult clash in Nigeria universities, herdsmen-farmer clashes, kidnapping and banditry. Therefore, small arms and light weapon proliferation significantly undermine human right, basically the youth often bear the ultimate price because they are the perpetrator and also the victim. An example is the number vibrant youth who could have contribute to the development of this country have fall victim of the proliferation of small and light weapon, although some may be a member of secret societies that does not justify incessant killing of firearm. There are also three key in which proliferation of firearms can abused human right. The escalation and extension of conflict, strengthening of criminals and criminal organization and increase crimes against women and children.
The proliferation of small arms and light weapon is recognized as an obstacle to development. Development in crisis prone region in Nigeria like the northeast, northwest and north central has reduced drastically. The youth bear burden of unavailability of jobs, relocation of factories to safer environment. There are three mechanisms in which firearm proliferation can induce or serve as an obstacle to development; they are direct costs, indirect costs and obstruction of delivery access to public goods.

Direct cost: human cost, the direct cost of conflict in Jos, Kaduna, Zamfara, Kastina, boko haram group and aftermath of Endsars protest, it direct human cost exhibited in form of injuries, death, destruction of properties of people living in that particular region, majority of people who fall victim are youth and that result as a proliferation of firearms.

Indirect cost: firearms proliferation impede economic development of a country as a result in the displacement of large number of people, it also deterred economic development that the region incur during the time of conflict, foreign investors become weary of investing in the country for fear of losing their life long investment. As a result of conflict, economic development comes to a stop and at times is reversed.

Obstruct delivery and access to public goods: essential services like education and health are indicator of economic development. In crisis prone area induce by the proliferation of firearms, health workers are reluctant or unable to work, it also applies to public services that help sustain economic development such as education(). Proliferation of small and light weapon limits country potential to economically develop in both the long and short run.
On governance: the government of Nigeria is not only charged with providing economic development, but also public goods of security to it peoples. High level of firearms in Nigeria which have induced different negative social vices and that has been on a heavy burden in running the affair of Nigeria. To the extend some state actor are calling for self defence.
Recommendation and conclusion
The first and important criteria in reducing the number of small arms and light weapon can only be achieved if the government can promote a science of security, where everybody should feel secure, asking an average person about the security situation of the country “all he or she could say is that nobody is safe” this mode of reasoning increase the demand for firearms, and as portray by notable Nigerian increase the degree of proliferation of firearms recently. Secondly, in sub-Saharan Africa, each country should set up individual policies to curb the menace of firearms. Application of one country’s national responses may unlikely meet the
desired effects to solve the illicit trade and proliferation of small arms and light weapons of another country. Different conflict situations present varying challenges. These challenges require specifically tailored own-country national response initiatives. Failure to address this special requirement may continue to render the efforts and success of the war against the illicit trade and the proliferation of small arms and light weapon untenable. Thirdly, several outfit have setup by Nigeria government to combat illicit tricking of firearms such as: NCPITSALW 2000, NATFORCE 2009. The main problem that arises when attempting to control the trade of illicit small arms and light weapon is that it requires a multi-faceted approach as an outright ban will not work. It is, therefore, imperative that national controls be established for small arms and light weapon sold within the country legally. Not only are well established controls important, but a system to consistently monitor the flow and ownership of legal weapons after the initial sale is also important. This is so as to ensure that weapons purchased legitimately do not make their way into the hands of arms brokers and criminals. Furthermore, the next step in stopping the proliferation of firearms in sub-Saharan Africa is ensuring better control over the borders of the countries in the region. One of the reasons for the growth and success of small arms and light weapon
Proliferation in the region is due to the open borders in Africa. With the majority of the country’s possessing three or four neighbors, it becomes difficult for states with limited resources to effectively patrol their borders. In addition to this, “many small arms are smuggled across the continent’s porous borders, occasionally disguised as other, more harmless materials, such as food, development assistance, or farming implements. It is important for all the countries to take an active role and emphasize the importance of secure borders not only to the security forces involved but also to its citizens, particularly those situated near the borders. If this can be achieved, the ease with which arms dealers perform their business and their cost of doing business would result in fewer arms dealers.

Incentive make human to take necessary or unnecessary risk, if the risk worth it good for him and if not he is fully aware of the consequences. So am seeking opinion from those who serve in borno or have idea on the situation on ground.
Is there any benefit? perhaps working with NGO, international agency and the pay from state government.

Minjim:


Even if National Security is at stake, it's still the court that'll determine it

Even the US you guys tend to follow, they do something secretly when it come to the matter of national security. Nigeria court will slow down the processes which will lead to disaster.

Nukilia:


Spy my foot

Reason proper don't use emotion.

cunny88:
but a court still has to grant d police rights to detain longer dan 48hrs

Yeah, I agree with you.
Though the court may not accept the proposal, to my perspective national security is more than democracy or right.

Nukilia:
Lies everywhere! Why keep the girl as a sex slave in the first place? Why didn't you charge her to court? Criminals

Allegation everywhere sex slave? It's not that easy to charge a spy to court, besides it has to assist the security guy to fish out the other.

mysticwarrior:
Pls somebody with deep understanding on the Nigerian constitution should kindly abreast me. Is there any where in the constitution which criminalised blasphemy? Because I don't understand why the police are involved.

To maintain law and order, it's not necessary to be in the constitution, since it distrup peace it's their duty.

colorsofrainbow:
See the speed they are flying to arrive the scene TWO hours after bokoharam operation.

Oya did they rescue the travellers ni?

Make dem use dis kind speed go rescue Bethel kids wey ragtag bandits arrange with Gumi & Pantami kidnap.I pity parents of those kids.
Awon wey them? Wey them? ni

Just give them unarmed protesters,bullets will be leaving the gun before they even pull the trigger.
When dem deceive demselves finish,we go know.

You lack Sense, you stay in the comfort of your zone to criticize those by implication joining nigeria force are living dead.

Kingluqman:
Your own different na, you get craze for head na.

only God know how crazy you are.

Watching football actually seem boring to me, my interpretation of football match is that I see 22 mature men on the field running after leather.
Though am an introvert

LadyTianna:
Hey. Normally I don't create threads to bash guys but today I'm repulsed by some of the comments and threads made by guys here.

Ladies, ever gone on a date with a guy and realized how foolish and dumb he is? Please come and share the experience with us

Most of them have very limited vocabulary. You'll say a sentence and they'll be staring at you in a very confused manner until you dumb down the words for them to understand. The only topic they seem well versed in is sex. Truly pathetic. Don't even get me started on how almost all of them have resorted to fraudulent and evil practices in order to make money. Many of them have damaged their brains with hard drugs to the extent that they can barely make coherent sentences. All the good men are dead or old sadly. Unfortunately due to societal stigma attached to unmarried women, many of us will have to tie ourselves to these useless fellows till death do us part

I can feel your pain.

NwadykExcel:
Yo bro,i'll never neglect my education.
I will still get up to a Masters in Mech.E.
And a B.sc in Economics and maybe in Applied Mathematics as well.Though i'm still in 100lvl doing Mech.E.
My main plan and back-up plan all involves me getting an education so if you like be there and be doing "vocational skill" .we'll see how far that really gets you.
Anyone can learn a vocational skill and still be very educated.
People looking towards skill auquisition as a substitute for True Education are shortsighted.

am sorry for your future, perhaps you have good idea but the country na duck up.
How old are you, putting in consideration your parents can't be sponsoring you.

In my own opinion, if you really like public health and you believe you can cope I will prefer the change of course, on the other hand, what course do you like to chose In Delta? Putting into consideration time, resources and what you want to do in life. Make the maximum choice sis.

SarutobiEky:
500k too small??

haba noooo, just that it can lead to bad market.

SarutobiEky:
Bro...collect the money ask him to make it 500k. You are going to meet other girls like her, even better than her. You only got one chance

What are saying, 500k

NisforNicky:
FTC


wahala for who choose federal University wey dey carry ASUU matter like personal beef




if you know my school, like

if you no know, share

personal beef?

Love is the greatest!!!!

It sound like computerised command, goodluck.

Sunnyshinylight:



There you go...


Men these days, they give up too easily.

Be strong and be a man

I don't give up.

Sunnyshinylight:



It's going to require years of research and development

an you hint me when you are through with the R&.

Sunnyshinylight:



Loyd

but I don't support your assertion.

YoonSung56:
I think NOTHING!

take it easy. You better THINK!!!

virginprincess:
I said what i said because you guys are taking it like it a must that women must part of the family responsibility, it not suppose to be a must but choice, a woman money is not suppose to be shared.

a choice? See wife material ooo.

thebosstrevor1:
Many illiterates on nairaland.

Instead of you to write down your opinion and move on, you will be abusing people that don't care about your existence.

What is the essence of your abuse to a newspaper article. Is this not madness

In real life when you see this people, you can't do anything.

they specialise in E- warrior.

First, change your moniker