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Travel / Re: Uk Student Visa/tier 4 Pbs - Your Questions Answered Part 7 by jabatah(m): 7:47am On Feb 07, 2022 |
Anyone fly Airmaroc recently. Do they require pcr test for fully vaccinated? Good answer save me 52k. |
Travel / Re: Uk Student Visa/tier 4 Pbs - Your Questions Answered Part 7 by jabatah(m): 12:07pm On Feb 02, 2022 |
Tls Abj 12th Transferred to Vac 1 Like |
Health / Though Life-threatening Tuberculosis Not A Death Sentence- Expert by jabatah(m): 10:42pm On Nov 07, 2021 |
A general practitioner at the Federal Medical Centre, Ebute Metta, Lagos, Dr Bilikisu Odusanya, speaks on the causes and management of tuberculosis in this interview with GODFREY GEORGE [i]How best can we define tuberculosis? Tuberculosis is a chronic disease (i.e. duration of disease usually long) that affects different organs of the body but primarily the lungs, resulting from infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, the proliferation of these organisms in the body, and the body immune response. It is an airborne disease, transmitted as aerosols through the respiratory tract. [b]When one contracts the infection, what parts of the body are most affected and why? Tuberculosis, primarily, affects the lungs; however, it can spread through blood or lymphatics to other organs of the body. It can cause TB Meningitis. This means it can affect the meninges (the brain covering). It can also present as abdominal TB, Tuberculosis salpingitis (fallopian tube) in which the patient may be infertile. Patients may also present with back pain (non-responsive to pain relievers), lymphatics (scrofula) seen as neck swelling. I would also like to add that tuberculosis is not a death sentence, although some forms of TB may be life-threatening, it is important the individual starts treatment immediately after diagnosis. In what ways can a person contract the infection? It is transmitted by breathing in the air that contains the droplet nuclei of M. tuberculosis of the person that has the active TB (i.e. the individual has the organism in their body and the organism is proliferating) and this can be done through coughing, sneezing, singing and speaking. You cannot contract TB by sharing toiletries, handshakes or sharing the same glasses with an infected person. This droplet – M. bovis – is usually transmitted by ingesting contaminated cattle products, like fura da nono. How close should one get to a tuberculosis patient? It is not advisable to stay around someone who has active pulmonary tuberculosis, as this individual can easily spread the organism through speaking, coughing (most common), sneezing, especially, if you are immune-compromised (i.e. have low immunity). However, if it is unavoidable to come in contact with an individual with the disease, both the diseased and the individual must put on a face mask appropriately. What are the types of tuberculosis and how do they present themselves in their hosts? There is pulmonary TB. This is the most contagious type. It affects the lungs of the host. The patient would present with cough, weight loss, hemoptysis (coughing of blood), drenching night sweat, amongst others. There is meningeal TB. In this type, the affected individual may present with features of meningitis, such as headache, fever, neck pain, neck stiffness, skin rashes and others. We also have abdominal TB. Here, it affects the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity), the intestine, abdominal lymph nodes, and hardly, the liver, spleen or pancreas. Patients may present with abdominal swelling, loss of weight, pain in the abdomen, cough, etc. We also have what we call spinal TB. This can be life-threatening, and if not discovered in time, it may cause paralysis which may take years to be cured. Patients here present with lower back pain, stiffness, spasm of muscle, gibbus, and others. There is also TB of the salpinx. This may present with infertility scrofula. This is when there is inflammation of the lymph nodes, especially the cervical lymph nodes. How do the symptoms start? Tuberculosis usually starts with a chronic cough (usually more than three weeks), weight loss, drenching night sweat, haemotypsis (coughing blood) and a difficult breathing. What signs should one look out for to suspect one may have TB? The signs to look out for depend on the part of the body affected. It is also noteworthy that someone may have TB without coughing. Are there stages to the condition? Yes, there are three stages of tuberculosis. We have Stage One called the Infective Stage. Here, one is exposed to the organism which now resides in their body. In Stage Two, known as Active Stage, the organism multiplies in the host. In Stage Three, called the Reactivation, the individual’s immunity is compromised (i.e. .the ability to fight infection is attacked). The TB in the body is then reactivated. In the infective stage, the patient is asymptomatic. In the active stage, the individual may have cough, weight loss, anorexia (loss of appetite) and easy fatigability. Is TB curable at any of these stages? Yes, TB can be cured in all stages of the disease. Is it possible to have the lungs recover completely after TB is cured? Yes, it is possible. Most patients do recover fully. But it is always good to present to the medical facility on time. What is the diagnosis like when someone with TB presents at the hospital? When the individual presents at a clinic, they are required by the health professional to come along with their first sputum which is collected in a sterile bottle provided at the hospital. This may not be the same in children. In children, a gastric lavage (i.e taking sputum directly from the stomach) is usually done as they tend to swallow their sputum. A gene expert or culture test is then carried out on the sputum sample collected. After that, a chest x-ray may be requested and fibrotic lesions are seen on x-ray. This is usually obvious at the upper lobe of the lungs as the organism is an aerobic organism and would proliferate in an aerated environment. When these are done, the health care professional goes on to do a mantoux test – this is a purified protein derivative given intra-dermally and a reaction is expected. The result is determined based on the size of the reaction. Can one use local herbs to manage the condition? As a doctor, we do not advise anyone to treat any ailment using local herbs when they can simply just walk into any facility and get help. Like most other diseases, tuberculosis cannot be managed with local herbs, and should never be managed with herbs as this may cause further deterioration of the disease. How do we differentiate TB from whooping cough or any other cough? The cough in TB is usually chronic (i.e. has a very long duration), associated with weight loss, night sweats, however, whooping cough is not chronic and associated with post-tussive vomiting. What are the risk factors for contracting the condition? Generally, factors that predispose an individual to TB are those that suppresses the immunity, this include diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, radiotherapy, chemotherapy for people on cancer treatment, poor nutrition, cancer, etc. Is it hereditary? There is no known proof to say tuberculosis is hereditary, as it cannot be transmitted from generation to generation. However, more studies are ongoing. What is the prognosis like? The prognosis depends on the timing of treatment, comorbidities, early treatment and absence of comorbid conditions has good prognosis. How cheap can one get the treatment for the infection? The drugs for tuberculosis are available in government hospitals all over Nigeria for free. Once you are diagnosed with the condition and prescriptions are given, approach any government facility nationwide and get the drugs and begin treatment. Are there nutritional requirements that can aid quick recovery from the condition? Vitamins are required to strengthen the immunity. It is imperative to know that Vitamin B6 is required especially by the person taking isoniazid as it causes peripheral neuropathy (loss of sensation). An individual with tuberculosis can eat any food provided they are not contaminated, and balanced. Is it safe to kiss someone who has tuberculosis? Yes, it is safe to kiss someone with tuberculosis, as the organism is transmitted through air and not by direct contact or saliva. https://punchng.com/though-life-threatening-tuberculosis-not-a-death-sentence-expert/?amp
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Travel / Re: Uk Student Visa/tier 4 Pbs - Your Questions Answered Part 6 by jabatah(m): 7:58pm On Nov 03, 2021 |
In case you are paying your tuition fee. Pls, avoid Zenith bank. It takes decades to process. |
Politics / Re: EndSARS: Insurance Companies Unveil Report, Pay ₦9 Billion Claims by jabatah(m): 11:45am On Oct 19, 2021 |
Why are u telling us? When people are paying for the package(money) for yrs did u tell us anything. |
Business / Re: A Visit To Oja Tuntun (New Market) In Ilorin, Kwara State (Pictures) by jabatah(m): 8:23pm On Sep 29, 2021 |
You have to be fetish and have serious jazz before u can sell or own a shop in that market. If u know u know |
Religion / Re: God Loves Muslims More Than Christians - Reno Omokri (Video) by jabatah(m): 10:30pm On Sep 09, 2021 |
Obedient |
Nairaland / General / Simple Step To Access Twitter Without VPN by jabatah(m): 3:14pm On Jun 05, 2021 |
To bypass VPN for Twitter. Kindly follow this simple step below. Open your Twitter app, look for setting, click on proxy, under the proxy settings, enable http proxy. Tap on the host and type in 34.121.182.37 Then tap on proxy port and type in 8080 Finally, restart your app and enjoy. 1 Share
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Career / Re: COREN Registration Thread by jabatah(m): 10:38pm On Mar 27, 2021 |
[We shall meet there. |
Crime / Re: Custom Seizes 498 Cartons Of Codeine Syrup Worth N199.2 Million (photo) by jabatah(m): 1:04am On Jul 26, 2018 |
Oja ti burst |
Crime / Re: Inside Norway Prison That Will Make You Want To Go To Jail (Photo) by jabatah(m): 4:12pm On Jun 06, 2018 |
D worst u can take from a man is freedom. |
Celebrities / Re: Wizkid To Sponsor A Mechanic Boy "Basit" To School. by jabatah(m): 5:50pm On Apr 24, 2018 |
Dats how wizkid go dey promise wey eno go fulfil. Where is Ahmed dat he promise 10m nd record label. 3 Likes |
Religion / Re: Forgive & Forget: I Don't Forget, Does That Mean I Have Not Forgiven? by jabatah(m): 11:28am On Jul 30, 2017 |
As forgotten ur sin doesn't mean u are forgiven. |
Politics / Re: CCB Declares Saraki Has No Case To Answer by jabatah(m): 12:07pm On Jun 14, 2017 |
apc is extremely a scam. which corruption ar dey fighting, is beta make u Na free dasuki nd co. too. 1 Like |
Politics / Re: Osinbajo Appoints Chairman, Members For Code Of Conduct Bureau by jabatah(m): 10:28pm On Jun 12, 2017 |
another exit road for saraki to escape from cct/ccb |
Romance / Re: Why Do I Keep Meeting These Kind Of Ladies? by jabatah(m): 12:26am On May 25, 2017 |
if u know u wanna marry beautifu gurl u better show wat u av. they 're luxury. I for like drag adesua wit banky Na,but my pocket no gree. ogbeni u beta use wat u av to get wat u nid. love is directly proportional to love now. 4 Likes |
Sports / Re: Anthony Joshua Pockets N8.2 Billion For Beating Klitschko by jabatah(m): 3:04pm On May 02, 2017 |
And Yoruba will say "ija odola". |
Celebrities / Re: BBNaija: Uriel Oputa Opens Wig Store In Lekki (Photo) by jabatah(m): 6:06pm On Apr 11, 2017 |
instead of her to start a show call diary session with uriel... 2 Likes |
Autos / Re: Clean 2013 HYUNDAI ELANTRA**BOUGHT BRANDNEW** by jabatah(m): 12:23am On Jun 08, 2016 |
1.5m |
Autos / Re: 2014 BMW GT 535i by jabatah(m): 12:31am On Jun 04, 2016 |
Price? |
Celebrities / Re: Check Out The Billionaires Who Are The Biggest Sponsors Of Music In Nigeria by jabatah(m): 11:31pm On Apr 17, 2016 |
U 4get to mention Kefas ropshik, CEO kefiano Autos. Help sum1 like tekno,wizkid and many celeb, |
Romance / My Valentine Scheduled by jabatah(m): 8:22pm On Feb 14, 2016 |
My val scheduled for today,no space to even put anah. Loll
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Investment / Re: Court Bars FG From Freezing MTN Bank Accounts by jabatah(m): 7:52pm On Jan 12, 2016 |
Mtn still think say pdp still dey power. Awon oloshi jati jati. Wey buhari Don calculate their money join budget. 7 Likes |
Jokes Etc / 1000ways To Die(lagos Edition) by jabatah(m): 10:16pm On Jan 04, 2016 |
1000ways to die(Lagos Edition) - Container falls on you - Nepa wire falls on you - Yoruba boys fall in love with you - Edo babes falls for u and you cheat Let hear ur state Edition. 1 Like |
Politics / Re: FG Summons Foreign Envoys, Outlines Foreign Policy Direction by jabatah(m): 1:32am On Dec 17, 2015 |
Nice move |
Dating And Meet-up Zone / Re: New BB PIN, New Pals. by jabatah(m): 12:45am On Nov 24, 2015 |
Freakypinky:when u see 26yrs old driving SUV, is better u ursev bring better to d table. Op u r rich too |
Nairaland / General / Re: Don't Call Muslims Terrorist!!! by jabatah(m): 11:50pm On Nov 20, 2015 |
Saying"bismillahi"before drinkin alcohol doesn't make it Halal(permissible),same goes to shoutin Allahu Akbar and then murdering innocents. 2 Likes |
Food / Choose Ur Favorite Amala Joint by jabatah(m): 1:51pm On Nov 19, 2015 |
Where is that amalajunkie... At least I v eaten like 4 out of ten here. My fav is 2&1
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Science/Technology / The Difference That 25 Years Makes by jabatah(m): 9:11pm On Nov 15, 2015 |
The difference that 25 years makes.
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Food / Amala Junkie by jabatah(m): 12:24am On Nov 13, 2015 |
If u av eaten in at least 4 (4/10) of these places u are an Amala junkie. ☺☺☺☺ What ur number? Mine is 2 3/10 |
Politics / Re: Drama As Saraki’s Lawyers Walk Out On Tribunal by jabatah(m): 3:29pm On Nov 05, 2015 |
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