₦airaland Forum

Mathematicians Discover the Perfect Way to Multiply
quantamagazine.org Apr 15, 2019 7:44 AM

Mengxin Li for Quanta Magazine
Four thousand years ago, the Babylonians invented multiplication. Last month, mathematicians perfected it.

On March 18, two researchers described the fastest method ever discovered for multiplying two very large numbers. The paper marks the culmination of a long-running search to find the most efficient procedure for performing one of the most basic operations in math.

“Everybody thinks basically that the method you learn in school is the best one, but in fact it’s an active area of research,” said Joris van der Hoeven, a mathematician at the French National Center for Scientific Research and one of the co-authors.

The complexity of many computational problems, from calculating new digits of pi to finding large prime numbers, boils down to the speed of multiplication. Van der Hoeven describes their result as setting a kind of mathematical speed limit for how fast many other kinds of problems can be solved.

“In physics you have important constants like the speed of light which allow you to describe all kinds of phenomena,” van der Hoeven said. “If you want to know how fast computers can solve certain mathematical problems, then integer multiplication pops up as some kind of basic building brick with respect to which you can express those kinds of speeds.”

Most everyone learns to multiply the same way. We stack two numbers, multiply every digit in the bottom number by every digit in the top number, and do addition at the end. If you’re multiplying two two-digit numbers, you end up performing four smaller multiplications to produce a final product.

The grade school or “carrying” method requires about n2 steps, where n is the number of digits of each of the numbers you’re multiplying. So three-digit numbers require nine multiplications, while 100-digit numbers require 10,000 multiplications.

The carrying method works well for numbers with just a few digits, but it bogs down when we’re multiplying numbers with millions or billions of digits (which is what computers do to accurately calculate pi or as part of the worldwide search for large primes). To multiply two numbers with 1 billion digits requires 1 billion squared, or 1018, multiplications, which would take a modern computer roughly 30 years.

For millennia it was widely assumed that there was no faster way to multiply. Then in 1960, the 23-year-old Russian mathematician Anatoly Karatsuba took a seminar led by Andrey Kolmogorov, one of the great mathematicians of the 20th century. Kolmogorov asserted that there was no general procedure for doing multiplication that required fewer than n2 steps. Karatsuba thought there was — and after a week of searching, he found it.

Karatsuba’s method involves breaking up the digits of a number and recombining them in a novel way that allows you to substitute a small number of additions and subtractions for a large number of multiplications. The method saves time because addition takes only 2n steps, as opposed to n2 steps.


Lucy Reading-Ikkanda/Quanta Magazine
“With addition, you do it a year earlier in school because it’s much easier, you can do it in linear time, almost as fast as reading the numbers from right to left,” said Martin Fürer, a mathematician at Pennsylvania State University who in 2007 created what was at the time the fastest multiplication algorithm.

When dealing with large numbers, you can repeat the Karatsuba procedure, splitting the original number into almost as many parts as it has digits. And with each splitting, you replace multiplications that require many steps to compute with additions and subtractions that require far fewer.

“You can turn some of the multiplications into additions, and the idea is additions will be faster for computers,” said David Harvey, a mathematician at the University of New South Wales and a co-author on the new paper.

Karatsuba’s method made it possible to multiply numbers using only n1.58 single-digit multiplications. Then in 1971 Arnold Schönhage and Volker Strassen published a method capable of multiplying large numbers in n × log n × log(log n) multiplicative steps, where log n is the logarithm of n. For two 1-billion-digit numbers, Karatsuba’s method would require about 165 trillion additional steps.

Schönhage and Strassen’s method, which is how computers multiply huge numbers, had two other important long-term consequences. First, it introduced the use of a technique from the field of signal processing called a fast Fourier transform. The technique has been the basis for every fast multiplication algorithm since.

Second, in that same paper Schönhage and Strassen conjectured that there should be an even faster algorithm than the one they found — a method that needs only n × log n single-digit operations — and that such an algorithm would be the fastest possible. Their conjecture was based on a hunch that an operation as fundamental as multiplication must have a limit more elegant than n × log n × log(log n).

“It was kind of a general consensus that multiplication is such an important basic operation that, just from an aesthetic point of view, such an important operation requires a nice complexity bound,” Fürer said. “From general experience the mathematics of basic things at the end always turns out to be elegant.”

Schönhage and Strassen’s ungainly n × log n × log(log n) method held on for 36 years. In 2007 Fürer beat it and the floodgates opened. Over the past decade, mathematicians have found successively faster multiplication algorithms, each of which has inched closer to n × log n, without quite reaching it. Then last month, Harvey and van der Hoeven got there.

Their method is a refinement of the major work that came before them. It splits up digits, uses an improved version of the fast Fourier transform, and takes advantage of other advances made over the past forty years. “We use [the fast Fourier transform] in a much more violent way, use it several times instead of a single time, and replace even more multiplications with additions and subtractions,” van der Hoeven said.

Harvey and van der Hoeven’s algorithm proves that multiplication can be done in n × log n steps. However, it doesn’t prove that there’s no faster way to do it. Establishing that this is the best possible approach is much more difficult. At the end of February, a team of computer scientists at Aarhus University posted a paper arguing that if another unproven conjecture is also true, this is indeed the fastest way multiplication can be done.

And while the new algorithm is important theoretically, in practice it won’t change much, since it’s only marginally better than the algorithms already being used. “The best we can hope for is we’re three times faster,” van der Hoeven said. “It won’t be spectacular.”

In addition, the design of computer hardware has changed. Two decades ago, computers performed addition much faster than multiplication. The speed gap between multiplication and addition has narrowed considerably over the past 20 years to the point where multiplication can be even faster than addition in some chip architectures. With some hardware, “you could actually do addition faster by telling the computer to do a multiplication problem, which is just insane,” Harvey said.

Hardware changes with the times, but best-in-class algorithms are eternal. Regardless of what computers look like in the future, Harvey and van der Hoeven’s algorithm will still be the most efficient way to multiply.

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ASUP Threatens Fresh Strike As Yabatech Hosts COHEADS 141st Meeting
BY APATA OYENIRAN
APRIL 11, 2019
Lagos – As the Committee of Heads of Polytechnic Sector (COHEADS) commences its 141st regular meeting in Lagos, on Wednesday, the Academic Staff Union of Polytechnics (ASUP) is threatening another strike and asking the committee to support the union in its demands from the Federal Government and the state governments.
The committee meeting hosted by Yaba College of Technology (Yabatech) was flagged off by Mr. Masud Elelu, chairman of COHEADS of polytechnics sector in Nigeria.
In his message, the chapter ASUP Chairman, Yekini Asafe, who acknowledged the support of COHEADS in the past appealed to the body to prevail on the governments to accede to the demands of the union.
He listed the demands of the union to include, “NEED assessment as regards the release of revitalization fund of N15billion promised by the government, salary shortfall, promotion arrears and allowances, review of the scheme of service, regular payment of salaries in state government institutions and CONTIS 15 migration arrears.”
Elelu, who is also the Rector, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, claimed ignorance of ASUP’s threat to embark on a strike and told newsmen the committee was yet to be briefed of intention by ASUP to embark on another strike.
Earlier, the Rector of the host institution, Mr. Obafemi Omokungbe, assured the committee of the institution’s continued support for COHEADS and continued contributions to the technological and human capital development of the nation.
Omokungbe disclosed that the college had grown in leaps and bounds since inception, adding that YABATECH currently has eight schools with 46 departments.
He used the opportunity to inform his colleagues (COHEADS) that YABATECH had indicated interest to host the next edition of West Africa Polytechnic Games (WAPOGA) and solicited their support.
In a goodwill message, Mrs. Johu Faal, Sectary-General of the Commonwealth of Technical Universities and Polytechnics in Africa (CAPA) described COHEADS as an important member of the Kenya based body and sought for more positive presence of Nigeria .

Organised labour under the aegis of Trade Union Side (TUS) of the Joint National Public Service Negotiating Council (JNPSNC) has urged President Muhammadu Buhari to assent to the N30,000 National Minimum Wage Bill.This was coming on the heels of Senate’s approval of the bill last month.

In a statement, the union’s chairman, Abdrafiu Adeniji, and secretary, Alade Lawal, stressed that the current N18,000 minimum wage had become very inadequate, as workers were finding it extremely difficult to cope with daily challenges thrown up by skyrocketing prices of goods and services.

The group noted that Buhari’s quick signing of the wage bill into law would bring smile to the faces of workers.In another vein, the National Pension Commission (Pencom) has explained that it launched the Micro Pension Plan to pull Nigerians out of poverty and reduce financial stress among families of those in the informal sector.

Head, Corporate Communications of Pencom, Peter Aghahowa, told reporters at the ongoing 30th Enugu international Trade Fair that the scheme launched last month was already eliciting interest and would register over 30 million Nigerians by 2024.Aghahowa, who spoke through the Assistant General Manager, Corporate Commissions Department, Mrs. Carol Alex-Uzomah, explained: “We realised that while those in the formal sector have something to fall back on, those in the informal sector, including the petty traders, taxi drivers, artisans, the self-employed, accountants, lawyers and what have you, have nothing to fall back on when they retire or no longer capable of managing on their own.

“To bridge the gap, we decided to launch this scheme to make them contribute in their active days, so that when they retire, they can draw from it. It is very convenient because it allows one to determine how much he or she could contribute.”Meanwhile, former employees of Kwara State-owned moribund sugar company, Tate Industries, have appealed to the incoming government in the state to pay their two years salaries and other benefits overlooked by the outgoing government.

The ex-workers, who staged a peaceful protest on the site of the defunct company yesterday in Ilorin, lamented that successive governments in the state, since the company went under in 1998, had turned deaf ears to the payment of their outstanding salaries.

https://guardian.ng/news/sign-minimum-wage-bill-now-labour-tells-buhari/amp

IMO North POST Election SAGA.
I

How come u declared someone a winner n suddenly you turn your lefthand to the right hand n become a Judge .Assuming the role of judiciary at the same time.( Em, after the Imo north senatorial elections we discover some irregularities,huh?)
If elections are contested , n the aggrieved contestants are not satisfied ,the outcome of the elections should be challenged at the tribunal.....INEC is there any hidden agenda?

Thesame game played out in the Gubernatorial election in the state. None of the contestants won the mandatory 25% spread across the 2/3 of the whole councils in Imo state which is 18 0ut of 27 LGAs,yet a winner emerged with just 12 LGAs of 25% win across the whole 27 LGAs. Setting bad precedence for the Imolites.So someone with less than 10 local govt win with highest number of votes in next term of gubernatorial elections will still be announced winner huh?
Let's watch out n see how the ringmaroling plays out..
Igbo's am sorry for u you all.

Data governance is a data management concept concerning the capability that enables an organization to ensure that high data quality exists throughout the complete lifecycle of the data. The key focus areas of data governance include availability, usability, consistency[1] ,
data integrity and data security and includes establishing processes to ensure effective data management throughout the enterprise such as accountability for the adverse effects of poor data quality and ensuring that the data which an enterprise has can be used by the entire organization



Data Governance is required to ensure that an organization's information assets are formally, properly, proactively and efficiently managed throughout the enterprise to secure its trust & accountability. ... Adopting and implementing Data Governance can result in improved productivity and efficiency of a country

. Data Harmonization

Simply put, Data Harmonization is all about creating a single source of truth. It does this by taking data from disparate sources, clearing away any misleading or inaccurate items, and presenting it as a whole. This means you get a single window view of everything and anything that supports ongoing decision-making, including financial information and business performance. Data is coming at you from different sources, but once it’s harmonized, it’s been cleaned, sorted, and aggregated to provide a complete picture.


Some Benefits of Data Governance Include:
Lower costs associated with other areas of
.
More accurate procedures around regulation and compliance activities.
Greater transparency within any data-related activities.
Help with instituting better training and educational practices around the management of data assets.
Increase in value of an organization’s or the nation data.
Ability to provide standardized data systems, data policies, data procedures, and data standards.
Better resolution of past and current data issues.
Improved monitoring and tracking mechanisms for and other data-related.

Merits of Data Governance n Harmonisation.
It supports the government decisions,curb corrupt practices.such as impersonation,forgery and so much society evils around management of data governance .
Government data collection Agencies, NPC,NIMC, FIRS,etc connecting under one Umbrella , a basic registry, a centralised data administrative system that creates data infrastructure with the view to harmonize national data into a single window , would help to support FG decisions on socio-cultural problems,unemployments ,crimes and so much more.
NPC NIMC( National identity card management commission) prints ID cards and papers..Nigeria need to know her citizens by who they are and not what they carry...so many people of complained of fake teachers,impersonations ,advance fee fraud.
The implementation of the above topical issue,would create a long a way to put Nigeria on top of pools of talents, mirror for west african countries and commanding heights of excellence among the world at large.

Nairalanders,when would Naija come in for the DV lottery again....

We often hear whitepapers ,does it mean blueprint of the government activities or just for the fond calling it "whitepapers" Google it ,I got a non satisfied answers,so what does it mean in as regards to government affairs

incogni2o:
Nairaland should better upgrade

These filthy postings are getting worse.

How many years, still same kind of website

Seun ...pls why is this

Then create your own forum..a webapp that can be better than Nairaland,stop complaining, when u know u aren't capable of doing so.
You can go ahead n create a forum ,where users ,post n be credited..

Hello? lemme know

What is the full meaning of SIR...If u know let us know now.

Nairalanders abeg let me know your thought about this.

NO MORE INTIMIDATION As Nigerian Polytechnics Will Start Awarding Degree Certificates- See Interesting Details
dailyadvent.com Apr 3, 2019 9:44 AM
NO MORE INTIMIDATION As Nigerian Polytechnics Will Start Awarding Degree Certificates- See Interesting Details
This comes as good news to Polytechnic students in Nigeria who for many years have suffered a huge setback in the job market all because their certificates are seen as ‘ not good enough’. the end to this academic discrimination has come to an end as the minister of education, Adamu Adamu made the life-changing announcement.

Image result for nigerian university students vs polytechnic students
Photo Credit: Pulse NG
According to Television Continental, TVC, he announced that polytechnics in Nigeria will soon start awarding the bachelor’s of technology degrees in the country’s polytechnics to halt the dichotomy between HND and B.Sc certificates. He said this at the convocation ceremony of the Federal Polytechnic Ede, Osun state.

Image result for nigerian university students vs polytechnic students
Photo Credit: School News
Below are some of the reasons why the Nigerian market has preferred certificates from Universities that Polytechnics

1. Quality of Lecturers – Most university lecturers are professors and PhD holders with years of teaching coupled with experience to show for it. In fact, most Master degree holders in some universities are mere assistant lecturers.

Related image
Photo Credit: FPT University

The truth is that did anyone of them meet the mandatory constitutional requirements.

You see, I don't want in the future,someone with 6 or 7 LGAs in 27 LGAs in IMO state with highest number of votes be declared winner..You imolites will create constitutional crisis for unaself...If Ihedioha wins transparently n meeting up the constitutional requirement so be it.....where are the AAs n APC, then.we are saying provision of the Federal republic of Nigeria constitution here,not Uche Nwosu constitution...

Having more than 5 SIM Cards in your name could land you in Jail
plustvafrica.com Apr 2, 2019 5:50 PM
NCC more than 5 SIM Cards in your name could land you in Jail
The Nigerian Communications Commission has disclosed that the sale and purchase of pre-registered SIM Cards is a punishable offence under law and as such 200 ctizens have been convicted for such.

Mr. Efosa Idehen the Director, Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement of the NCC made the disclosure in Enugu during a regional sensitisation workshop with stakeholders.

He described the release of pre-registered SIM cards as a national sabotage and shared that though all their attempts to curb selling of pre-registered SIM cards proved abortive previously, the Organization is currently working on a legal framework to criminalize the activity.

He further disclosed that it was unlawful for any single individual to register more than 5 SIM Cards in a name.

Sometimes fish fall from the sky when it rains. Why do they fall only when it is raining?


Colin McAllister
25w ago
A cumulonimbus is a very tall cloud. It can be in excess of 40000 feet(~1.5km). That involves massive updraughts and downdraughts.

The updraughts lift things (e.g. fish) into the cloud, the cloud moves along and the downdraughts then dump the fish elsewhere (e.g. over land) - this is often accompanied by rain.

Tornadoes can do this too, but usually over a more limited area.
Does this justifies the argument?

The law of gravitational force states, that the force of gravity between two masses is directly proportional to the product of the two masses M1 & M2 and inversely proportional to the square of their distance apart,where k a constant of proportionality called G-constant.

F=GM1M2|Rsquare.


Now, this same assertion is true as to real life situation, when u are pressed,the force of passing faeces ,or waste product out of the human bodies will increase as u approach Toilets or the comfort stations, the farther the toilet the mercier ur condition ,the lesser the pulling force. whereas the nearer ,the worsen the condition of the victim as force of passing out faeces increases .My taught thou.
lemme know if u have ever experience a condition of this nature before..
Why? the affinity to drop faeces increases as one approach lavaratories or comfort stations.
who can explain this phenomenon...

renewa29:
Good idea. However it will be difficult to implement this. There are so many factors that contribute to the difficulty ahead of this idea.

Kindly let us know factors that would mitigate the realisation of this awesome project?

ProsperChild:
[b] Letter To President Buhari On Electricity

CHUKWUMA ODIONU
Your Excellency Sir,
Thank you for your re-election. I am using this medium to advise you to send an executive bill to the National Assembly for a law to make it mandatory for states to finance the town unions to establish central sewage gas systems for electricity. Since many states have been funding the towns for community capital project developments, both the states and FG will provide them with the experienced indigenous sewage gas based power generating companies and soakaway trucks.
The project should be supervised by the Transmission Company of Nigeria and other Government owned electricity agencies. The proposed bill would amend the law on national grid and it would create millions of jobs in Nigeria. It will provide constant power supply as it would be extended to the grassroots. Private individuals and Local Governments can also provide soakaway trucks.
Mr President, methane gas, which is from faeces and other wastes, is a good source of electricity, not only dams, propane and butane gas. It is easy and faster because pit toilets or soakaways are in every compound which will enable people to see what is done for them, unlike the dam in Kainji as well as propane and butane gas in a few other places as there is one gas station in Bonny island of Rivers state.
I know that Federal Government generates revenues from electricity but it is also clear that house to house levy in communities is not a new thing. At times it is for security. It is done for some development in the communities, therefore the town unions will be collecting monthly levy from each house and higher levy from each local factory in the communities, generate remit numbers from TCN offices and start paying their monthly revenues to the Federal Government. The commercialised towns will be remitting higher revenues. It will then mean that each town will have account in CBN as MDAs, states and LGs do. Then the FG will see that it will replace the revenues they get from DISCOs and you know that Nigeria has more than 5000 communities which are higher than the number of DISCOs in Nigeria.
Each town union will provide a place where the central sewage gas system will be established and show the company, state and TCN. But in order to cut costs, 2 or 3 neighbouring towns could be combined in each state and one will serve as a place where the sewage gas system will be established.
Mr President, the faeces, when gathered together by the soak away trucks, would also be processed to become organic fertilisers for the communities.
There will be small generating, transmitting, step down, and distributing points in each of the central sewage methane gas station of every community.
The Private and Government owned schools including some universities will be among the beneficiaries of the central sewage methane gas systems of the communities where the schools are cited. It should be so in order to cut costs, for proper management and to avoid external influence- “I know it all, I am a professor of this school”. The project would be purely practical that needs experienced workers in its practical execution, not theory. Faeces should be collected from the schools’ soakaways and pit toilets and deposited to the sewage sites of the towns where the schools are found, and the schools’ management should co-operate with the town unions for their own monthly levies and for monthly remittances to the Federal Government. Such venture would as well provide places where some of the Nigerian students could have their internship and IT on sewage gas systems. Some universities like UNN have sewage systems but don’t use it for electricity. UNN uses its own to produce organic fertilisers.
There will be no job loss for any worker in Government owned electricity agencies, as the project is going on in the various communities. This would mean that some of the staff members of Transmission Company and other Government owned electricity agencies would be posted to the sewage gas stations and they remain civil servants.
No town union would allow sabotage to come in. Every town union will secure it by all means.
Chukwuma wrote in from India.
Independent Newspapers Limited[b]Letter To President Buhari On Electricity[/b]

Brisin Nigeria when fully implemented should collate n harmonise data of communities with soakerway n soakerpit n access the continuous monitoring,management & implementation of sewage gas system in Nigeria.
Accurate data of communities soarker tanks n pits will guide FG decisions in the implementation of this policy.....

[b] Letter To President Buhari On Electricity

CHUKWUMA ODIONU
Your Excellency Sir,
Thank you for your re-election. I am using this medium to advise you to send an executive bill to the National Assembly for a law to make it mandatory for states to finance the town unions to establish central sewage gas systems for electricity. Since many states have been funding the towns for community capital project developments, both the states and FG will provide them with the experienced indigenous sewage gas based power generating companies and soakaway trucks.
The project should be supervised by the Transmission Company of Nigeria and other Government owned electricity agencies. The proposed bill would amend the law on national grid and it would create millions of jobs in Nigeria. It will provide constant power supply as it would be extended to the grassroots. Private individuals and Local Governments can also provide soakaway trucks.
Mr President, methane gas, which is from faeces and other wastes, is a good source of electricity, not only dams, propane and butane gas. It is easy and faster because pit toilets or soakaways are in every compound which will enable people to see what is done for them, unlike the dam in Kainji as well as propane and butane gas in a few other places as there is one gas station in Bonny island of Rivers state.
I know that Federal Government generates revenues from electricity but it is also clear that house to house levy in communities is not a new thing. At times it is for security. It is done for some development in the communities, therefore the town unions will be collecting monthly levy from each house and higher levy from each local factory in the communities, generate remit numbers from TCN offices and start paying their monthly revenues to the Federal Government. The commercialised towns will be remitting higher revenues. It will then mean that each town will have account in CBN as MDAs, states and LGs do. Then the FG will see that it will replace the revenues they get from DISCOs and you know that Nigeria has more than 5000 communities which are higher than the number of DISCOs in Nigeria.
Each town union will provide a place where the central sewage gas system will be established and show the company, state and TCN. But in order to cut costs, 2 or 3 neighbouring towns could be combined in each state and one will serve as a place where the sewage gas system will be established.
Mr President, the faeces, when gathered together by the soak away trucks, would also be processed to become organic fertilisers for the communities.
There will be small generating, transmitting, step down, and distributing points in each of the central sewage methane gas station of every community.
The Private and Government owned schools including some universities will be among the beneficiaries of the central sewage methane gas systems of the communities where the schools are cited. It should be so in order to cut costs, for proper management and to avoid external influence- “I know it all, I am a professor of this school”. The project would be purely practical that needs experienced workers in its practical execution, not theory. Faeces should be collected from the schools’ soakaways and pit toilets and deposited to the sewage sites of the towns where the schools are found, and the schools’ management should co-operate with the town unions for their own monthly levies and for monthly remittances to the Federal Government. Such venture would as well provide places where some of the Nigerian students could have their internship and IT on sewage gas systems. Some universities like UNN have sewage systems but don’t use it for electricity. UNN uses its own to produce organic fertilisers.
There will be no job loss for any worker in Government owned electricity agencies, as the project is going on in the various communities. This would mean that some of the staff members of Transmission Company and other Government owned electricity agencies would be posted to the sewage gas stations and they remain civil servants.
No town union would allow sabotage to come in. Every town union will secure it by all means.
Chukwuma wrote in from India.
Independent Newspapers Limited[b]Letter To President Buhari On Electricity[/b]

wissenschaften:
Bro. Nice one. You dey WhatsApp?. Let's discuss the workability of this biogas project. 08129371689

BRISIN implementation in Nigeria should access the effective management of sewage systemwhere the sewage gas system will be established. Get accurate data of communities with soaker pits ,propose measures of continuous monitoring n full implementation...
FCT, Abuja Brisin pilot project should capture project of this nature n assist government to make decisions..

Procedure For Divorce In Nigeria
Barrister Sam Okolie

For our purposes here, I will be concentrating on annulment of marriages contracted under the Matrimonial Causes Act Cap M7 L.F.N 2004. (Colloquially referred to as Court Marriage or Statutory Marriage) marriage under the Act means monogamous marriage – that is a marriage between one man and one woman, excluding all other forms of marriages, like polygamous marriage or marriage contracted under the various native laws and customs of the various tribes in Nigeria.

Also for a marriage to constitute a marriage under the Act, the marriage must have a marriage certificate issued by a government approved marriage registry or a licensed place of worship.

The mere fact that a marriage was celebrated in church does not constitute a marriage under the Act, as such a marriage must comply with the requirements of the Act to be a statutory marriage.

A church marriage without more is a customary marriage and will not have the benefits of a statutory marriage except the church is licensed to celebrate marriage-see Nwangwu v. Ubani (1997) 10 N.W.L.R Pt 526 p559

REASONS FOR DIVORCE

There are a plethora of factors which makes marriages breakdown. Some of these factors will be classified under two heading: (1) Poverty and (2) Adultery.

Poverty

With respect to poverty, money is the life-wire of every marriage; it brings comfort and stability to marriages. The absence of money could make either of the partners to resort to gambling, excessive intake of alcohol and drugs and crime, which might lead to the collapse of the marriage.

Adultery

With respect to Adultery, nothing kills a marriage faster than an adulterous partner. Adultery is cancerous to marriage.

GROUNDS FOR DIVORCE

There are different procedures and forms available to a petitioner who seeks to annul his or her marriage under the Act.

They include (a) Dissolution of marriage, (b) Nullity of a voidable marriage (c) Nullity of a void marriage (d) Judicial separation (e) Restitution of conjugal right and (f) Jactitation of marriage.

However, the most ubiquities form of petition under the Act is the Petition for Decree of Dissolution of marriage. It is the most widely litigated petition. In fact, out of the entire petition that pour into the registry of the High Court, nearly 95 percent of them is for decree of dissolution of marriage; while the remaining 5 percent is shared among the other forms of petition.

It is on this basis that the decree for dissolution of marriage would be used as a ground for divorce.


Under section 15 (1) of the Matrimonial Causes Act, the sole ground for dissolution of marriage under the Act is that the marriage has broken down irretrievable – Ekrebe vs. Ekrebe (1999) 3 N W L R (P+596) 594.

By this the Act has created only one ground for divorce, yet the facts which may lead to a marriage breaking down irretrievably are provided for in section 15(2) (a)-(h) of the Act once the petitioner has satisfied the court of one or more of the following facts:

(a) That the respondent has and willfully and persistently refused to consummate the marriage;

(b) Adultery and intolerable to live with the respondent;

(c) Behave in such a way that the petitioner cannot reasonably be expected to live with the respondent;

(d) That the respondent deserted the petitioner for a continuous period of at least one year immediately preceding the presentation of the petition;

(e) That the parties to the marriage have lived apart for a period of at least 2 years immediately preceding the presentation of the petition and the respondent does not object to a decree been granted;

(f) Parties have lived apart for a continuous period of at least 3 years immediately preceding the presentation of the petition;

(g) Failure to comply with a decree of dissolution of conjugal right made under the Act

(h) Presumption of death.

The petitioner must prove at least one of the facts contained in Section 15(2) (a) (h) of the Act before he can succeed. Where the petitioner fails to so prove, the petition for dissolution will be dismissed.

The mere fact that the petitioner alleges that the respondent is a witch, or is diabolic or the mere accusation that the respondent is not a good person will not be enough reason to dissolve a marriage.

JURISDICTION

Jurisdiction here simply means the court that has the power to entertain divorce proceedings. Section 2 of the Matrimonial Causes Act states that a person may institute an action under this Act in the High Court of any state of the federation or the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory. Thus, it is the High court of the 36 states of the federation and the Federal Capital Territory that has jurisdiction over divorce proceedings.

If divorce proceeding is brought before any court aside the High Court of a state, the proceeding is a nullity ab initio. A simply analogy will suffice here. If Mr A married Mrs A in a marriage registry in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, in the year 2010 and in 2015 Mr A and Mrs A moved to Lagos after their marriage but later Mrs A was seduced by one rich politician and Mr. A wants a divorce. Where would Mr. A, go to institute the proceeding for divorce? The law is that he may go back to Port Harcourt in Rivers State or he may go institute the divorce proceeding in Lagos where he is currently residing or that he can go to any state of the federations and the proceedings will be competent.

However, consider a situation where Mr A while still residing in Lagos and his wife, Mrs A is also residing in Lagos decided to take the matter to the High Court of Kano State so that the proceedings will be inconvenient and difficult for Mrs A. Though the proceeding is still valid and competent, but the principle of ‘Forum Convenience’ will be brought to play in the issue of Jurisdiction so as to ameliorate the issue of Inconvenience.

For the court to have Jurisdiction for a petition for dissolution of Marriage, the petition must be accompanied by the following documents:

(a) A verifying Affidavit to verify the fact stated in the petition

(b) A notice of the petition in appropriate form i.e. forms 8, 9 or 10

(c) A form of acknowledgement of service by the respondent and;

(d) A copy of the Marriage certificate

It should also be noted that, there are instances where the marriage certificate has been lost, destroyed or one of the spouse has refused to give up the marriage certificate as he or she will be unwilling to submit to divorce proceedings. The proper step under this scenario is for the petitioner to apply for the certified true copy (CTC) of the marriage certificate at the appropriate marriage registry.

Letter To President Buhari On Electricity

CHUKWUMA ODIONU
Your Excellency Sir,
Thank you for your re-election. I am using this medium to advise you to send an executive bill to the National Assembly for a law to make it mandatory for states to finance the town unions to establish central sewage gas systems for electricity. Since many states have been funding the towns for community capital project developments, both the states and FG will provide them with the experienced indigenous sewage gas based power generating companies and soakaway trucks.
The project should be supervised by the Transmission Company of Nigeria and other Government owned electricity agencies. The proposed bill would amend the law on national grid and it would create millions of jobs in Nigeria. It will provide constant power supply as it would be extended to the grassroots. Private individuals and Local Governments can also provide soakaway trucks.
Mr President, methane gas, which is from faeces and other wastes, is a good source of electricity, not only dams, propane and butane gas. It is easy and faster because pit toilets or soakaways are in every compound which will enable people to see what is done for them, unlike the dam in Kainji as well as propane and butane gas in a few other places as there is one gas station in Bonny island of Rivers state.
I know that Federal Government generates revenues from electricity but it is also clear that house to house levy in communities is not a new thing. At times it is for security. It is done for some development in the communities, therefore the town unions will be collecting monthly levy from each house and higher levy from each local factory in the communities, generate remit numbers from TCN offices and start paying their monthly revenues to the Federal Government. The commercialised towns will be remitting higher revenues. It will then mean that each town will have account in CBN as MDAs, states and LGs do. Then the FG will see that it will replace the revenues they get from DISCOs and you know that Nigeria has more than 5000 communities which are higher than the number of DISCOs in Nigeria.
Each town union will provide a place where the central sewage gas system will be established and show the company, state and TCN. But in order to cut costs, 2 or 3 neighbouring towns could be combined in each state and one will serve as a place where the sewage gas system will be established.
Mr President, the faeces, when gathered together by the soak away trucks, would also be processed to become organic fertilisers for the communities.
There will be small generating, transmitting, step down, and distributing points in each of the central sewage methane gas station of every community.
The Private and Government owned schools including some universities will be among the beneficiaries of the central sewage methane gas systems of the communities where the schools are cited. It should be so in order to cut costs, for proper management and to avoid external influence- “I know it all, I am a professor of this school”. The project would be purely practical that needs experienced workers in its practical execution, not theory. Faeces should be collected from the schools’ soakaways and pit toilets and deposited to the sewage sites of the towns where the schools are found, and the schools’ management should co-operate with the town unions for their own monthly levies and for monthly remittances to the Federal Government. Such venture would as well provide places where some of the Nigerian students could have their internship and IT on sewage gas systems. Some universities like UNN have sewage systems but don’t use it for electricity. UNN uses its own to produce organic fertilisers.
There will be no job loss for any worker in Government owned electricity agencies, as the project is going on in the various communities. This would mean that some of the staff members of Transmission Company and other Government owned electricity agencies would be posted to the sewage gas stations and they remain civil servants.
No town union would allow sabotage to come in. Every town union will secure it by all means.
Chukwuma wrote in from India.
Independent Newspapers Limited[b]Letter To President Buhari On Electricity

CHUKWUMA ODIONU
Your Excellency Sir,
Thank you for your re-election. I am using this medium to advise you to send an executive bill to the National Assembly for a law to make it mandatory for states to finance the town unions to establish central sewage gas systems for electricity. Since many states have been funding the towns for community capital project developments, both the states and FG will provide them with the experienced indigenous sewage gas based power generating companies and soakaway trucks.
The project should be supervised by the Transmission Company of Nigeria and other Government owned electricity agencies. The proposed bill would amend the law on national grid and it would create millions of jobs in Nigeria. It will provide constant power supply as it would be extended to the grassroots. Private individuals and Local Governments can also provide soakaway trucks.
Mr President, methane gas, which is from faeces and other wastes, is a good source of electricity, not only dams, propane and butane gas. It is easy and faster because pit toilets or soakaways are in every compound which will enable people to see what is done for them, unlike the dam in Kainji as well as propane and butane gas in a few other places as there is one gas station in Bonny island of Rivers state.
I know that Federal Government generates revenues from electricity but it is also clear that house to house levy in communities is not a new thing. At times it is for security. It is done for some development in the communities, therefore the town unions will be collecting monthly levy from each house and higher levy from each local factory in the communities, generate remit numbers from TCN offices and start paying their monthly revenues to the Federal Government. The commercialised towns will be remitting higher revenues. It will then mean that each town will have account in CBN as MDAs, states and LGs do. Then the FG will see that it will replace the revenues they get from DISCOs and you know that Nigeria has more than 5000 communities which are higher than the number of DISCOs in Nigeria.
Each town union will provide a place where the central sewage gas system will be established and show the company, state and TCN. But in order to cut costs, 2 or 3 neighbouring towns could be combined in each state and one will serve as a place where the sewage gas system will be established.
Mr President, the faeces, when gathered together by the soak away trucks, would also be processed to become organic fertilisers for the communities.
There will be small generating, transmitting, step down, and distributing points in each of the central sewage methane gas station of every community.
The Private and Government owned schools including some universities will be among the beneficiaries of the central sewage methane gas systems of the communities where the schools are cited. It should be so in order to cut costs, for proper management and to avoid external influence- “I know it all, I am a professor of this school”. The project would be purely practical that needs experienced workers in its practical execution, not theory. Faeces should be collected from the schools’ soakaways and pit toilets and deposited to the sewage sites of the towns where the schools are found, and the schools’ management should co-operate with the town unions for their own monthly levies and for monthly remittances to the Federal Government. Such venture would as well provide places where some of the Nigerian students could have their internship and IT on sewage gas systems. Some universities like UNN have sewage systems but don’t use it for electricity. UNN uses its own to produce organic fertilisers.
There will be no job loss for any worker in Government owned electricity agencies, as the project is going on in the various communities. This would mean that some of the staff members of Transmission Company and other Government owned electricity agencies would be posted to the sewage gas stations and they remain civil servants.
No town union would allow sabotage to come in. Every town union will secure it by all means.
Chukwuma wrote in from India.
Independent Newspapers Limited[/b]Letter To President Buhari On Electricity

CHUKWUMA ODIONU
Your Excellency Sir,
Thank you for your re-election. I am using this medium to advise you to send an executive bill to the National Assembly for a law to make it mandatory for states to finance the town unions to establish central sewage gas systems for electricity. Since many states have been funding the towns for community capital project developments, both the states and FG will provide them with the experienced indigenous sewage gas based power generating companies and soakaway trucks.
The project should be supervised by the Transmission Company of Nigeria and other Government owned electricity agencies. The proposed bill would amend the law on national grid and it would create millions of jobs in Nigeria. It will provide constant power supply as it would be extended to the grassroots. Private individuals and Local Governments can also provide soakaway trucks.
Mr President, methane gas, which is from faeces and other wastes, is a good source of electricity, not only dams, propane and butane gas. It is easy and faster because pit toilets or soakaways are in every compound which will enable people to see what is done for them, unlike the dam in Kainji as well as propane and butane gas in a few other places as there is one gas station in Bonny island of Rivers state.
I know that Federal Government generates revenues from electricity but it is also clear that house to house levy in communities is not a new thing. At times it is for security. It is done for some development in the communities, therefore the town unions will be collecting monthly levy from each house and higher levy from each local factory in the communities, generate remit numbers from TCN offices and start paying their monthly revenues to the Federal Government. The commercialised towns will be remitting higher revenues. It will then mean that each town will have account in CBN as MDAs, states and LGs do. Then the FG will see that it will replace the revenues they get from DISCOs and you know that Nigeria has more than 5000 communities which are higher than the number of DISCOs in Nigeria.
Each town union will provide a place where the central sewage gas system will be established and show the company, state and TCN. But in order to cut costs, 2 or 3 neighbouring towns could be combined in each state and one will serve as a place where the sewage gas system will be established.
Mr President, the faeces, when gathered together by the soak away trucks, would also be processed to become organic fertilisers for the communities.
There will be small generating, transmitting, step down, and distributing points in each of the central sewage methane gas station of every community.
The Private and Government owned schools including some universities will be among the beneficiaries of the central sewage methane gas systems of the communities where the schools are cited. It should be so in order to cut costs, for proper management and to avoid external influence- “I know it all, I am a professor of this school”. The project would be purely practical that needs experienced workers in its practical execution, not theory. Faeces should be collected from the schools’ soakaways and pit toilets and deposited to the sewage sites of the towns where the schools are found, and the schools’ management should co-operate with the town unions for their own monthly levies and for monthly remittances to the Federal Government. Such venture would as well provide places where some of the Nigerian students could have their internship and IT on sewage gas systems. Some universities like UNN have sewage systems but don’t use it for electricity. UNN uses its own to produce organic fertilisers.
There will be no job loss for any worker in Government owned electricity agencies, as the project is going on in the various communities. This would mean that some of the staff members of Transmission Company and other Government owned electricity agencies would be posted to the sewage gas stations and they remain civil servants.
No town union would allow sabotage to come in. Every town union will secure it by all means.
Chukwuma wrote in from India.
Independent Newspapers Limited

The federal government may have concluded arrangement to move all official government documents and exchanges on to a more secure domestic security infrastructure.This is in a renewed security ethos designed to permeate through all tiers of government and its agencies and to protect state mechanism from deliberate and unintended abuse.

With the move, emails sent or received on free email account, no matter their content, are not public records because they are not owned or used by a government agency.

In place of free email accounts; Galaxy Backbone Plc; a public enterprise under the supervision of the office of the secretary to the government, and National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) have reportedly been mandated to create .gov.ng domain based email accounts for the public service organizations.

Each ministry will now have customized email accounts that allow its civil servants to use the ministry’s name as their e-mail domain and in turn allow people to immediately recognize incoming e-mail messages´ origin. For example, wazobia@mod.gov.ng.

But, implementing the directive may face many bottlenecks after it was discovered that most of ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs) of the federal government are still without active websites.

Dr Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami, director-general, NITDA, who is worried about the development, said that ‘’This has prevented IT, to some extent, from becoming an asset shaping strategic future opportunities of public institutions and the Government as a whole. The implication and consequence of all these is high rate of IT projects failures.”

Critics of government are quick to dismiss the latest initiative, citing several failed attempts.Previous attempts to ban the use of so-called free email accounts like Yahoomail, Gmail, etc; and enforce the use of .ng based emails for government businesses were hobbled by bureaucracy coupled by the sore-footed and refractory approach of civil servants.

But a top official at the presidency, said that with internet-related issues such as identity theft and online privacy becoming a global concern, the federal government has been forced to act quickly.The source said that “A permanent secretary, for instance sending sensitive documents like military proposals and vouchers through free email accounts, run the risk of exposing intra and inter-ministerial transactions, which may be a clear breach of national security”.

According to the source, the new email policy will make it mandatory for government offices to communicate only on.gov.ng . rather than commercial email services It is also a measure to tackle the menace of cyber criminals who set up fraudulent websites and have reduced Nigeria’s image among the comity of Nations.

Additionally, it is meant to prevent sensitive documents belonging to the government from becoming the property of a foreign government or multinational.However, with developed nations and large corporations facing complex attacks from hackers; the security architecture of the federal government may need to be re-evaluated

https://guardian.ng/technology/fg-orders-civil-servants-to-use-gov-ng-emails/amp

The Super Falcons of Nigeria have been given a big boost ahead of the 2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup as they have soared in the latest FIFA’s world ratings. The Super Falcons of Nigeria have become the highest rated team in Africa.

The latest FIFA rankings will not have gone down well with the other African powerhouses of female football as the Banyana Banyana of South Africa dropped down a few places just like the Black Queens of Ghana.



Nigeria’s Super Falcons climbed one place to 38th position in the World in Fifa’s latest women’s world rankings as mixed fortunes hit a host of the continent’s heavyweights. Thomas Dennerby’s team dropped one place to 39th in December despite winning the African Women’s Cup of Nations in Ghana.



However, an encouraging record of three wins in six international friendlies in 2019 lifted them to 38th and remain top of the log in Africa. The top four teams in Africa stay unchanged with 2019 Women’s World Cup campaigners Cameroon, South Africa and Ghana occupying the second, third and fourth positions respectively.

Cameroon remained motionless, occupying the same 46th spot with no top friendly in 2019, while South Africa dropped one place to 49th after failing to secure a win in six games since January.



On the global scene, world champions USA and Germany retained the top two spots, while England climbed to third following their SheBelieves Cup triumph as World Cup hosts, France dropped to fourth in the world. England leapfrogged France into third position in the latest FIFA/Coca-Cola Women’s Ranking – the last edition ahead of this year’s FIFA Women’s World Cup™.



The in-form Lionesses swapped places with Les Bleues on the back of winning the SheBelieves Cup earlier this month and, in doing so, struck the latest blow in an increasingly long-running battle. This, in fact, is the fourth successive ranking in which England and France have exchanged positions behind the leading duo of USA ) and Germany who have continued to retain their positions at the top of the log.



With the next ranking set for July 12, African representatives Nigeria, Cameroon and South Africa will be hoping to excel at the global women’s football showpiece which kicks off in June in France.




Fifa Rankings: Top 10 in Africa

1. Nigeria
2. Cameroon
3. South Africa
4. Ghana
5. Cote d’ivoire




6. Equatorial Guinea
7. Morocco
8. Algeria
9. Mali
10. Senegal



FIFA Rankings: Top 10 in the World

United States of America

Germany

England

France

Canada

6. Australia

7. Japan

8. Netherlands

10. Brazil

Federal, states, LGAs share N619.85bn in March
Idris Ahmed
Uche Usim, Abuja
The Federal Account Allocation Committee (FAAC) on Wednesday disclosed that the three arms of government shared N619.857 as March revenue from funds generated in February.
Speaking at the event, the Account-General of the Federation, Mr Idris Ahmed, who was represented by the Director of Funds, Mohammed Usman disclosed that the gross statutory revenue received was N478.434 billion.
The sum is lower than the N505.246 billion received in the previous month by N26.812 billion.
He added that federation crude oil export sales increased by about 46% resulting in increased federation revenue from $425.00 million previously to $574.95 million.
“Shut-in and Shut-down persisted while some terminals remained closed due to leaks and maintenance.
“Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT) increased significantly while Companies Income Tax (CIT) recorded a marginal increase.
Revenues from Value Added Tax (VAT), oil royalty, import and excise duties decreased in February, 2019.
“The distributable statutory revenue for the month is N478.434 billion.
“The total revenue distributable for the current month (including VAT, exchange gain, excess bank charges recovered and forex equalisation) is N619.857 billion.
“Therefore, from the Total distributable revenue for the Month, the Federal government received N257.681 billion representing 52.68%; States received N169.925 billion representing 26.72%; Local government councils received N127.722 billion representing 20.60%; while the oil producing states received N50.946 billion also representing 13% derivation revenue,” he explained.
Usman also revealed that the balance on Excess Crude Account as at 27th March, 2019 stands at $183 million.
On the power loans given to states, Usman said the facility to states was not from ECA.
On whether the newly-approved N30,000 minimum wage may affect FAAC disbursements, he assure that salaries will be paid as and when due.
“We’ve not veered off from normal template. Ups and downs may come but we’ll stabilise,” he

President Buhari signs new minimum wage bill
informationng.com Mar 28, 2019 3:10 PM
On Thursday, 28th of March, President Muhammadu Buhari has finally signed the N30,000 minimum wages proposed by Labour into law.

President Buhari said the payment of this new minimum wage will commence in May, 2019 to mark the international Workers’ Day.

The new minimum wage bill was passed by the national assembly last week Tuesday.

Imolites have finally settled with sectional winning atlast... Nobody cares constitutional crises to rear its ugly heads in time to come..
Source: Anonymous
Nairalanders what is ur opinion?

Good day my fellow nairalanders, what is your opinion about the above topic?

Imo Gov election: Uche Nwosu blows hot, vows to recover his ''stolen mandate''
gistreel.com Mar 12, 2019 7:42 PM
Imo Gov election: Uche Nwosu blows hot, vows to recover his ''stolen mandate''
The governorship candidate of the Action Alliance in Imo state and son in-law of incumbent governor, Rochas Okorocha, Uche Nwosu, has rejected the results of the Imo Governorship elections and has vowed to challenge it in court.
Speaking to Channels TV this morning, Nwosu who lost the election to PDP’s Emeka Ihedioha, said he will be heading to court to recover his stolen mandate.

”I will take my mandate back. The law is clear on the requirements for declaring somebody as a winner in an election. The law required that to be declared a winner, you have the mandatory spread of 25 per cent win in at least two-thirds majority. In this case, two-thirds of the 27 local government areas of the state is 18 and Ihedioha has 25 per cent spread in only 12 local government areas whereas I have in 15. So it’s clear that INEC has compromised.

It is the federal constitution. It is not an Uche Nwosu constitution neither is it an Action Alliance Constitution. It is very clear in the constitution in article 179 that you cannot be declared winner unless you meet up the criteria. You (Ihedioha) have not met the criteria and you are being declared winner? Under whose authority? We believe in Nigerian judiciary that justice will take place but what I have to state is that the mandate of Action Alliance in Imo has been robbed” he said

A pastor is an ordained leader of a Christian congregation. A pastor also gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation.

The good book said “Not everyone that calls me Lord will enter into the Kingdom of heaven“. It therefore should not be surprising that there are many pastors that will never make Heaven, even if they are the ones speaking in tongues the loudest or they have the biggest congregation imaginable.

There are several fake pastors on the prowl. They dress,talk and appear like real pastors, but they are fake in real sense. This video is designed to guide you to ensure you do not get caught by the trap of these wolves in the sheep clothing.








Watch the Video here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY3tblLAwcA