₦airaland Forum

14. Computing Tabulating Recording Corporation > IBM

The company we now know as IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through a merger of the Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, and the Computing Scale Company. CTR was eventually changed to "International Business Machines" in 1924 and the abbreviation IBM shortly followed.

13. Stag Party > Playboy

The infamous Playboy magazine almost bore a different name. Hugh Hefner has said that he wanted to call his magazine Stag Party but changed it to Playboy as a last minute decision. Hefner said in an interview. One month before publishing, Hefner received a letter from Stag magazine saying that the name was an infringement on their title – he quickly changed the name to Playboy.

12. Firebird > Firefox

The company came to find that its initial name Firebird was also been used by another open source project. The name Firefox met all of the company's needs: "It's similar to Firebird. It's easy to remember. It sounds good. It's unique. We like it," the company said.

11. AuctionWeb > eBay

eBay was initially named AuctionWeb when it launched in 1995 – it was one of four sites housed under founder Pierre Omidyar's umbrella company called eBay Internet. The other three sites included a personal shipper site, a travel site, and a site about the Ebola virus. In 1997, Spurred by the media referring to AuctionWeb as eBay, the company made the name change official.

10. Marafuku Company, Nintendo Playing Card Company > Nintendo

The playing cards company was created in 1889, Marafuku Company thou in 1951, it changed its name to Nintendo Playing Card Company. In 1963, the company changed its name to Nintendo and started manufacturing games.

9. Jerry's Guide to the World Wide Web > Yahoo

Jerry Yang and David Filo (Co-founders) were PhD students at Stanford at the time they created one of the world's largest search engines and named it "Jerry's Guide" but was soon renamed to Yahoo, which stands for "Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle."

8. Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo > Sony

A radio repair shop which was founded in 1946 under the name Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo and were Japan's first transistor radio was produced in 1955 and in 1960, the world's first transistor television. In 1958, This company's name was changed to Sony Corporation.

7. Blue Ribbon Sports > Nike

Nike, formally known as Blue Ribbon Sports originally operated as a distributor for Onitsuka Tiger (Japanese shoemaker). The company later took on the name Nike (the Greek goddess of victory).

6. Research in Motion > Blackberry

Research in Motion was the first wireless data technology developer in North America and was founded in 1984. In January 2013, the company in a bid to revive the declining brand, changed its name to BlackBerry after the widely known smartphone device.

5. Confinity > PayPal

Confinity was named from the word "confidence and infinity" but was initially founded as a Palm Pilot payment and cryptography company in 1998, a year later, it was renamed as PayPal after a Confinity engineer developed an online demo that allowed people to email payments. The company was acquired by eBay in July 2002 for $1.5 billion.

4. Brad's Drink > Pepsi-Cola

Caleb Bradham, a North Carolina pharmacist in 1893, started experimenting with a few soft drink recipes. One of these was named after him: "Brad's Drink." Brad's Drink was renamed to Pepsi-Cola In 1898 and would become one of the world's most accepted brands.

3. Apple Computers > Apple, Inc.

The tech giant known as Apple was founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak as Apple Computers. Jobs announced in 2007 that the company would be dropping the word "Computer" to reflect their plan to dive into a wider field of consumer's electronics; to include "Apple TV, iPhone, iPod and The Mac. Only one of those is a computer.

2. Quantum Computer Services > AOL


Quantum Computer Services was founded in 1985, but was renamed to America Online in October 1991 and in April 2006, America Online officially adopted AOL abbreviation exclusively.

A brand's name makes or breaks the brand; most of us would agree with that. Perhaps you've didn't known that many popular / household brand-names and/or companies started with names completely different from what they use now? We present a list of some of the biggest name changers you may not have known.


1. BackRub > Google

The world's number one search engine was created under the name "BackRub" as far back as 1996 by Larry Page and Serge Brin's but renamed to Google about two years later in 1998. Originating from the word 'googol,' which is a mathematical term. The use of this term was to reflect their plan of organizing an infinite amount of information on the web.

culled: www.palmchatnow.com

You can't pay his professional fees so just negotiate what u can afford

Cc: lalasticlala mynd44

The Pure water business in Nigeria is a very profitable business which requires good amount of money before one can invest in it; for those wishing to invest in this business, we can assure them of good profit however our write-up isn't about the business in it but what makes up 'pure water' and how pure can we say it is.


* What is 'Pure Water'? - This is the popular street name for SACHET WATER or simply said to be packaged water in polythene sachets of about 50-60cl.


* Importance of quality drinking Water? - Water, which is one of the most abundant commodities on earth, occupies about 70% of the it’s surface yet a greater percentage (%) of earth’s population live without safe drinking water or access to it; this is more in developing (third world) countries.

Can we overemphasized the importance of quality drinking water or the fact that, it is a matter of great concern to families and communities without government run and well treated public water system.

According to WHO (2004), nearly 90% of diarrhea cases resulting in deaths have been attributed to unsafe water and in 2006, WHO reported that about 1.1 billion persons lack access to quality drinking water.


* Is Pure Water safe? - Although the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) is undertaking a nationwide laboratory test of various brands of sachet water, can we conclude that only the safe ones make it to the streets around Nigeria?


* Can we trust Pure Water? - Public water supply (for drinking) is really not reliable hence encouraging the sale of these all important drinking water in polythene sachets, which are easily available and affordable but there is serious concern about the purity of water in sachets.

A visit to the environment and the conditions where majority of these polythene sachets and sachet water are produced are questionable because a lot of people engaged in its production do not follow safety standards set by WHO in 2006 and the Federal Environmental Protection Agency, FEPA in 1999.

Remember the popular quote that quality water is odorless, colorless and tasteless and also free from chemical and microbial and contaminants? can we truly say that pure water has these qualities? or maybe consumers are more concerned with the taste and appearance than with the invisible and potentially harmful micro-organisms or contaminants.

On few occasions in recent past, researches were carried out across the nation to determine 'How Pure is Pure Water, and majority of the results point towards same conclusion: Our so called ‘pure water’ is not completely safe for drinking. There has always been evidence of chemical contaminants and microbial presence.


* Any regulatory body? - Yes! NAFDAC but The National Agency for Food Administration and Control (NAFDAC) itself has been criticized for failing to adequately control the activities of this industry. There are claims that some producers of sachet water are known to submit fake samples so they can pass NAFDAC tests and gain its registration number; we also cannot rule out contamination after the pure water leaves its production sites via activities of distributors, vendors and hawkers.


* Any way forward? - Regulatory bodies and its activities should promote standard, safe and core hygiene values likes washing of hands, general cleanliness, good storage environment & proper vending / selling and a good handling culture. These and more should produce a desired improvements.

The focus has to shift from just the monitoring of the end-product as this does not always give a complete picture in terms of microbiological risk assessment. The distribution methods and channels need also come under the radar. There is also need for public sensitization and monitoring/regulating of sachet water vendors.

NAFDAC's activities should be intensified to ensure compliance with standards and although some have proposed total ban of sachet water, they have to consider the government inability's to provide quality public drinking water and the huge economic benefits including the amount of job it has created.


What are your views? share.


culled from www.palmchatnow.com

Bisjosh:
Hi peeps,

How much is it to fence a plot of land please?

If possible with a gate(affordable one)


Thanks.

Hi, follow my thread on building, I'm doing some cost break-down from an Architect's view. thanks

Bisjosh:
Hi peeps,

How much is it to fence a plot of land please?

If possible with a gate(affordable one)


Thanks.

Hi, follow my thread on building, I'm doing some cost break-down from an Architects view. thanks

Toronto123:
Hello Sir, what is your background? engineer?

I made that known from inception, you missed it... I'm an Architect

cc: lalasticlala, mynd44 Thanks.

Welcome back, hope your day has been wonderful so far?


No6: Windows, Doors and Burglary - This is one of the easiest works to estimate, you can simply work into a nearby workshop, get prices and multiple by the numbers of doors, windows or burglary on your project.

Let's generate our estimate thou.
Note:If you are one of those who would be using sliding windows (because it's cheaper) your effective window opening is halved; I guess that's old information right? #wink

To maximize your opening, Casement is the way to go and they're more expensive too. The overall production cost also depends on your manufacturers choice of material, Nigeria made profiles are more expensive and better, stronger than the imported ones, so if you want something good, insist on Nigeria profiles for your windows; might cost you some 5k more thou but would definitely last longer.


Material Cost:

Kitchen = 1200 x 1200
Store = 600 x 1200
Dining = 1500 x 1200
Bedrooms = 1500 x 1200 (x6)
Toilets = 600 x 600 (x4)
Living = 1200 x 1500 (x2)


15 Total Windows:
1500 x 1200 = 7 x 28k = 196k
1200 x 1500 = 2 x 28k = 56k
1200 x 1200 = 1 x 25k = 25k
600 x 1200 = 1 x 18k = 18k
600 x 600 = 4 x 15k = 60k

Window Total = N355,000 (If you get a bargain below this price for Nigeria profile <NOT imported>, hold it tight #wink)

11 Total Doors:
1200 x 2100 (steel) = 1 x 70k = 70k
900 x 2100 (steel) = 1 x 30k = 30k
900 x 2100 (wood) = 4 x 25k = 100k
750 x 2100 (wood) = 5 x 25k = 125k

Door Total = N325,000 (The iron doors are made with plates of various thickness, the ones used here are referred to as double plate and are more expensive than the single plate steel doors)

15 Total Burglary: same as windows
1500 x 1200 = 7 x 10k = 70k
1200 x 1500 = 2 x 10k = 20k
1200 x 1200 = 1 x 8.5k = 8.5k
600 x 1200 = 1 x 6k = 6k
600 x 600 = 4 x 4k = 16k

Burglary Total = N120,500 (I've used a 0.5mm thick half inch square-pipe for this quotation, you would be charged more or less depending on choice of iron, size and thickness used)

TOTAL MATERIAL COST = N800,500

Transportation Cost: N50,000 (I don't expect you to use the nearest Aluminum guys because you want to eliminate transportation cost, use the best man for the job - same applies to doors and burglary - infact I have a policy of not using anybody very close to my site)

Labour Cost:
Fixing of Windows, Doors and Burglary = N60,000 (The labour cost here is divided as; Aluminum guy -20k, Bricklayer - 30k and carpenter 10k)

TOTAL WORK IN THIS SECTION: N910,500 (Nine Hundred and Ten Thousand, Five Hundred Naira)

Were are those who say 3 million can complete a 3-Bedroom Flat? My question is what quality are you building? eg You could get a burglary of 1500x1200 done for you for 5k (instead of the 10k stated above) but using low quality iron pipes which would rust or break a year into its use, since we're talking personal houses, what's your gain if you don't do quality jobs - you would spend more repairing or replacing later)

Good Luck!!!



No7: Tiles (Next up for estimate is tiling works)


We would continue from here next week.
Stay Tuned.... THANKS.

Spymate:
OP u are doing a great work here pls try and include the details for mechanical and electrical
pls i will also like to know if i can use the details for foundation and German floor u gave above for a bungalow (one story building)
pls also help to outline the details for beam and floor slab for a story building using same surface area as urs
thanks

Thanks..for the purpose of this thread let's not deviate because all our calculation is based on the initial plan attached..

We cant use the info here for a storey building, there are more to spend even during the foundation works including digging etc.

get in touch and I'll help you out...thanks

Iseiyanu:
What actually build the house before the roofing is not more than 1M.
I bought #220,000 bags of cement and #99,000 Tipper of sand.
The bricklayer used 2 Tipper and almost half to mould blocks ( I meant the biggest tipper sand) so the remaining sand was used to set the. Block from beginning to roofing level.
The house is be for Ifo, Sona Brewery to be precise. However, I paid someone to supervise.
You can come and view and also help you with same guys working for me as the area is not far; hence, your cost won't be much too

ur floor level is same as the compound level, start thinking of effect of erosion / rain water on your building.... I won't recommend your bricklayer if I were you.... He didnt do a good job.

Good luck

cpltd:
Pls, im facing some issues with my Landlady now inwhich her husband was not even on her side but the best solution for me is to relocate and considering the issue of Rent package here in Lagos after adding Agreement and Commission to the rent you will see that the money will even be enough to build a room self contain. so i want to see if I can let one of my car go and add it to my savings to see if I can come up with something on an half plot of land at Ifo or Imota.

Is there anybody that can give me the breakdown of the amount I can use in building 3 bedroom flat from the image attached.
Thanks.

Good for you I have the cost broken down in my articles here on NL: https://www.nairaland.com/3523256/how-build-comfortable-house-earning
there are other articles on my profile that might interest you..

Goodluck.

olumide4christ:
You left out a very important part of the timber trusses...the TIE BEAM OR WHAT IS REFERRED TO AS "BOTTOM CHORD" in the diagram you attached. Do correct that. I also feel your cost of N180,000 for labour for both timber roof carcass and roof coverings is a bit low.

Good work you're doing though.

Thanks.. The Tie Beam was included actually in the calculation under rafter 2*6 - I shd have written rafter / tie beam = 60 pcs.

Cost at 180k, I left a clause, depending on who you're using, Nigerite carpenters wld charge you almost double - but young and good carpenters wld charge far less and still do a great job.

Thanks... I appreciate

thanks

Bravoe:
Thanks for the prompt response.

Can you please help with an adjusted plan?

mail me: cadsolutions2009@gmail.com

coxlinda:
Following....God work sir kindly quote me when

cc: jospepper, Imoy, greenermodels, ShegzyB, seunoj, Sikay19, eddyline, Bravoe, currentbrand

HAPPY NEW YEAR, 2017 would be the year we all would make progress in our plans and building....God Willing.


No5: Roofing (Aluminum Long Span)

Welcome back!
I've seen some thread on NL where the OP talked about buying logs and it been cut into sizes to do the roof; our purpose is not to spend the minimum possible but get value for the right professional job done.

We would be using standards as usual i.e 2 by 6 for Rafters, 2 by 4 for struts etc., so lets start by listing the standard sizes of hard wood required for this carcase.

2'' x 6'' ie 50mm x 150mm = Rafter
3 x 4 = Wall-Plate
2 x 4 = Struts
2 x 3 = Purlin / Batten
2 x 2 = Nogging (Ceiling Hangers)
1ft x 12ft = Facial Board

See attached pics 1 for representation, location & use of each roof member, also see pics 2 for the roof plan to our building plan.

Often times you find carpenters using 2 x 4 for rafters and or wall-plates, this and many more poor construction practices are reasons why after about about a year or two, the structure begins to fail. Do what's right and on the long run its cheaper for you.

Next we'll calculate the quantities of wood needed (I don't recommend type of wood, your carpenter can do that ie Akun, Itara etc) but whatever choice you pick spend a little more to treat it.

From Calculation (Using attached roof plan) we have:

Material Quantity & Cost.

Hard Wood:
Wall-plates (3x4) = 18 @ N850 = 15300
Rafter (2x6) = 60 @ N900 = 54000
Struts (2x4) = 55 @ N600 = 33000
Purlin (2x3) = 65 @ N450 = 29250
Nogging (2x2) = 165 @ N350 = 57750
Facial Board (1x12) = 16 @ N2000 = 32000

Total for Wood = 221,300
Transport to site = 30,000
Police & Area boys fees = 10,000

Roof Covering:
Our first exercise is to get the surface area of the area to be covered with roof then we had for waste. The first method is to find the area on the roof plan and add 20% for slope and actual length (approximate method) but in more complex roof, its better to use the actual lengths (calculated via Pythagoras and section through roof) or measured on site after carcase has been constructed.

Using the second method our roof surface area is = 172.8 (add 10% waste) = 190m2
We also have the surface area of the eave as = 36 (add 10% waste) = 40m2

NOW MULTIPLE THIS AREA BY THE COST OF YOUR ROOFING MATERIAL.... depending on your choice of roofing material you might need to calculate the m2 of each sheet then divide 190/S (where S is the m2 of one sheet) so you know how many roofing sheets you need to buy.

Using the prices of Dsrooftiles for 0.55mm Guage Aluminum Roofing sheets (Long span)- 1,950 Per meter (first I would convert to m2) - depending on the width of your roofing sheet varies from 600mm, 900mm or 1200mm or more but we'll use 900mm which I believe is the price given above.

1m of long span = (0.9*1)m2 = 0.9m2 hence 1m2 = 1950/.9 = approx N2,200

Cost of Roof covering = N2200 x 190 = 418,000
lets also use same material for our eaves = N2200 x 40 = 88,000

Thats not all, we still have our accessories; #wink - if the price is getter higher than your budget already remember you can also use the 'Nigerite / Eternit Fibre Cement Sheets' (more affordable) and well recommended.

Accessories: Facial board, ridge cap, gutter, hooks, nails and more depending on your choice, this would naturally run into about 100k (double #wink) - but you could use asbestos for the eaves instead of aluminum to save cost too. Its your choice and pocket.

TOTAL MATERIAL COST = N867,300

Labour (carpentry works of carcase) and aluminum installer should run to about 180,000 (this depends on who and how good they are)

TOTAL COST FOR ROOFING THE DESIGN ATTACHED = N1,047,300 (USING QUALITY 0.55 thick ALUMINUM ALL ROUND)

Remember to have about N50K ready if area boys are in your area and another 50k for miscellaneous

HENCE = N1,147,300 (One million, one hundred and forty seven thousand, three hundred naira)

NOTE: YOU COULD REDUCE OR INCREASE THE COST IN THIS SECTION JUST BY CHANGING CHOICE OF MATERIAL....


ALWAYS ENSURE YOU SPEND AS LITTLE AS 25K TO TREAT YOUR WOOD.

**If I left anything out, please draw my attention to it.


No6: Windows and Doors - I wont be discussing Mechanical and Electrical works because its a specialist job that needs the advice of appropriate professional, and largely dependent on the quality and choice of the builder.

We would continue from here next week.

Stay Tuned.... THANKS.